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Licenciatura em Engenharia Informática
3º Ano – 5º Semestre
Ano lectivo 2010-2011
Taxa de Transmissão:
Quantidade de informação que pode ser enviada num dado
intervalo de tempo.
Jitter
Variação na latência de uma série de mensagens. Esta
característica é relevante para aplicações multimédia.
Windows XP/Vista
(duplo clique sobre o relógio à Acertar Hora e
Data)
Mac OS X
(preferências do sistemaà Data & Hora)
Activa
Processo solicita execução de operação noutro processo
Reactiva
Evento no sistema desencadeia acção num processo
Indirecta
Processos comunicam através de um espaço partilhado
send
Z
r eceive r eceive
m3 m1 m2
A
r eceive r eceive r eceive
t1 t2 t3
Alexandre Fonte Material de Apoio a AD, ESTCB Edição 2010-2011
Resultado: a Inbox de A será:
24 X Meeting
26 Y Re: Meeting
Class of failure
Affects
Description
Omission
Channel
A message inserted in an outgoing message buffer never
arrives at the other end s incoming message buffer.
but the message is not put
Send-omission
Process
A process completes asend,
in its outgoing message buffer.
Receive-omissionProcess
A message is put in a process s incoming message
buffer, but that process does not receive it.
Arbitrary
Process or
Process/channel exhibits arbitrary behaviour: it may
(Byzantine)
channel
send/transmit arbitrary messages at arbitrary times,
commit omissions; a process may stop or take an
incorrect step.
process p process q
send m receive
Communication channel
Outgoing message buffer Incoming message buffer
Class of Failure
Affects
Description
Clock
Process
Process s local clock exceeds the bounds on its
rate of drift from real time.
Performance
Process
Process exceeds the bounds on the interval
between two steps.
Performance
Channel
A message s transmission takes longer than the
stated bound.
Copy of
m
The enemy
m
Process
p
m
Process
q
Communication channel
Client
result Server
FRQFOZMGR”
Principal A
Principal
B
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again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the again. If the red x still appears, you may have to delete the
image and then insert it again. image and then insert it again.
Process p
Secure channel
Process q
Chave K
Texto Algoritmo Texto
Original de Cifrado
Cifragem
(M) (F)
({M}K)
Remetente A Destinatário B
1. Aquisição K 1. Aquisiçaõ K
2. f(K,M)->{M}K 2. Recepção {M}K
3. Envio {M}K {M]K 3. f-1 (K,{M}k)->M
Base de
dados de
Chaves
Públicas
Pedido Ke
Remetente A Ke Destinatário B
1. Cálculo de Ke, Kd
1. Aquisição Ke
2. Publicação Ke
2. E(Ke,M)->{M}Ke
{M]Ke 3. Recepção {M}Ke
3. Envio {M}Ke
4. D(Kd,{M}Ke)->M