Você está na página 1de 17

Teoria de Potncia Ativa

e Reativa Instantnea
Teoria p-q
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
Teoria de Potncia Instantnea Teoria de Potncia Instantnea
Teoria p Teoria p- -q q
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
(

=
(
(
(

v
v
v
v
v
v
c
b
a 0
2
3
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
0 1
2
1
3
2
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
(


=
(
(
(

c
b
a
v
v
v
v
v
v
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
0
Transformao --0:
Transformao Inversa:
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
Teoria de Potncia Instantnea Teoria de Potncia Instantnea
Teoria p Teoria p- -q q
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(

0


0 0
i
i
i
v v 0
v v 0
0 0 v
q
p
p
p
0
: Potncia Instantnea de Seqncia Zero [W]
p : Potncia Real [W]
q : Potncia Imaginria [vai]
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes
Instantaneous Powers in the Instantaneous Powers in the 0 Reference Frame 0 Reference Frame
The p The p q Theory q Theory
(
(
(

(
(
(
(
(
(


=
(
(
(

c
b
a
v
v
v
v
v
v
2
3
2
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
2
0

p
3
= v
a
i
a
+ v
b
i
b
+ v
c
i
c
= v

+ v

+ v
0
i
0
p p
0
( ) ( )



i v i v j i v i v
i j i
v j v
+ + = =
+ =
+ =
*
i e s
i
e
r
r r
r
r
potncia real (p)
potncia imaginria (q )
b
c
a

e
r
e
r
i
r
i
r

Clarke Transformation: Clarke Transformation:


The p The p- -q Theory: q Theory:
Instantaneous active three Instantaneous active three- -phase power: phase power:
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
Teoria de Potncia Instantnea Teoria de Potncia Instantnea
Teoria p Teoria p- -q q
(

=
(



i
i
v v
v v
q
p
Quando temos apenas componentes -
Podemos calcular as correntes em funo de p e q
2

v v + =
(

=
(

q
p
v v
v v
i
i

1
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
Teoria de Potncia Instantnea Teoria de Potncia Instantnea
Teoria p Teoria p- -q q
As correntes nas coordenadas - em funo de p e q :
(

+
(

=
(

v
v
q
v
v
p
i
i

Correntes em funo de p Correntes em funo de q
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
Teoria de Potncia Instantnea Teoria de Potncia Instantnea
Teoria p Teoria p- -q q
Potncia nas coordenadas - :

i v i v p p p + = + =
q p q p
i v i v i v i v p

+ + + =
q p q p
p p p p p

+ + + =
Potncia Ativa Potncia Ativa
Instantnea Instantnea
Potncia Reativa Potncia Reativa
Instantnea Instantnea
p
v
p
p

2
q
v v
p
q

p
v
p
p

2
q q
p q
v v
p

=
Estas parcelas se anulam! Estas parcelas se anulam!
Teoria p Teoria p- -q q
EXEMPLO # 1 EXEMPLO # 1
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes

+ =
=
=

) sin( 2 ) (
) sin( 2 ) (
) sin( 2 ) (
3
2
3
2
t V t v
t V t v
t V t v
c
b
a

+ =
=
=

) sin( 2 ) (
) sin( 2 ) (
) sin( 2 ) (
3
2
3
2
t I t i
t I t i
t I t i
c
b
a
( )
( )

0
cos 3
sin 3
0
=
=
=
i
t I i
t I i ( )
( )

0
cos 3
sin 3
0
=
=
=
v
t V v
t V v
( ) ( ) cos 3VI t p = ( ) ( ) = sin 3VI t q
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
q q q
t VI t VI t VI VI
i v i v q
~
... 6 sin 3 3 sin 3 3 sin 3 sin 3
5 5 4 4 2 2 1 1
+ =
+ + =
+ =

+
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
p p p
t VI t VI t VI VI
i v i v p
~
... 6 cos 3 3 cos 3 3 cos 3 cos 3
5 5 4 4 2 2 1 1
+ =
+ + =
+ =

+
I I
03 03
( (seq seq. zero) !!! . zero) !!! I I
2 2
( (seq seq. . negativa negativa) !!! ) !!!
EXEMPLO # 2 EXEMPLO # 2
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes

+ + + + + + =
+ + + =
+ + + =


... ) 2 3 sin( 2 ) 2 sin( 2 ) sin( 2 ) (
... ) 2 3 sin( 2 ) 2 sin( 2 ) sin( 2 ) (
... ) 3 sin( 2 ) 2 sin( 2 ) sin( 2 ) (
3 3
3
4
2 2
3
2
1 1
3 3
3
4
2 2
3
2
1 1
3 3 2 2 1 1
t I t I t I t i
t I t I t I t i
t I t I t I t i
c
b
a
Tenses senoidais e correntes com harmnicos :
I I
+1 +1
( (seq seq. . positiva positiva) !!! ) !!!
U U?! Cad o 3 ?! Cad o 3
o o
harmnico? harmnico?
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes
Physical Meaning of the Instantaneous Powers
p p
3 3
= = v v
a a
i i
a a
+ + v v
b b
i i
b b
+ + v v
c c
i i
c c
= = v v

i i

+ + v v

i i

+ v + v
0 0
i i
0 0
3 3
q q = = v v

i i

v v

i i

= = ( (v v
ab ab
i i
c c
+ + v v
bc bc
i i
a a
+ + v v
ca ca
i i
b b
) )
p + p p + p
0 0
: : instantaneous instantaneous total total energy flow per time unit; energy flow per time unit;
q q : : energy exchanged between the phases without transporting energy. energy exchanged between the phases without transporting energy.
v
a
v
b
v
c
i
c
i
b
i
a
p + p p + p
0 0
system "B" system "B"
q
q
a
b
c
0
system "A" system "A"
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes
i
b
i
a
i
c
v v
sa sa
i
o
v v
sb sb
v v
sc sc
Z Z
a a
Z Z
c c
Z Z
b b
p + p p + p
0 0
p' + p' p' + p'
0 0
q' q' q q
p p = = p' p' ? ?
p p
o o
= = p' p'
o o
? ?
q q = = q' q' ? ?
p + p + p p
o o
= = p' + p' + p' p'
o o
? ?
a-b-c para --0 :
( )
( )
( )
( )
( )

+

0
cos 3
sin 3
sin 2
sin 2
sin 2
0
3
2
3
2
=
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
+ =
v
t V v
t V v
t V v
t V v
t V v
c
b
a




C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
( )
( )
( )

+ =
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
t V v
v
t V v
v
v
t V v
c
b
a
sin
3
2
0
sin
3
2
0
0
sin 2
0
( )
( )
( )

=
=
=

=
=
=





+ =
=
+ =
=
=
+ =
t I i i
i i
t I i i
i i
i i
t I i i
c c
b b
a a
sin
3
2
0
sin
3
2
0
0
sin 2
0 0
clculo de q, p e po para os dois lados :
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )






+
+
+
+
+
+
t t VI p p p
t t VI i v p
t t VI i v i v p
i v i v q
t t VI p p p
i v p
t t VI i v i v p
t t VI i v i v q
sin sin 2
sin sin
3
2
sin sin
3
4
0
sin sin 2
0
sin sin 2
sin cos 2
0 3
0 0 0
0 3
0 0 0
+ = + =
+ = =
+ = + =
= =

+ = + =
= =
+ = + =
+ = =
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes
+ + =
sistemas trifsicos desequilibrados
sistemas trifsicos desequilibrados
decomposio em componentes simtricas
a
V
&
b
V
&
c
V
&
b
c
( )
+
V
&
a
( )
+
V
&

( )
+
V
& 2

sequencia positiva

( )

V
&
c
b
( )

V
&
2

( )

V
&

a
sequencia negativa

0
V
&
a
b
c
sequencia zero

+ +
+ + + +
+ + =
+ + +
+ + +
+ + =
+ +
+ + +
+ + =

+ +

+ +

+ +
) sin( 2
) sin( 2
) sin( 2 ) (
) sin( 2
) sin( 2
) sin( 2 ) (
) sin( 2
) sin( 2
) sin( 2 ) (
3
2
3
2
0 0
3
2
3
2
0 0
0 0










n n n
n n n
n n n cn
n n n
n n n
n n n bn
n n n
n n n
n n n an
t V
t V
t V t v
t V
t V
t V t v
t V
t V
t V t v
a-b-c para o ensimo harmnico:
potncias instantneas, em regime permanente e
em funo das componentes simtricas
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )

+
+

1
0 0
1 1
1 1
sin 6
cos 3 cos 3
sin 3 sin 3
n
n n n
n
n n n
n
n n n
n
n n n
n
n n n
t V v
t V t V v
t V t V v
0
+ +
+ +
+ =
+ + =
+ + =


C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
nota: equaes anlogas aplicam-se s correntes
(
(
(

(
(
(

=
(
(
(



i
i
i
v v
v v
v
q
p
p
0 0 0
0
0
0 0
0 0 0
~
p p p + =
p p p
~
+ =
q q q
~
+ =
--0 em termos de componentes simtricas:
potncias instantneas em funo das componentes simtricas
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes Maurcio Aredes
( ) ( )


=

1 1
cos 3 cos 3
n
n n n n
n
+n +n n n
I V I V p + =
+ +
( ) ( ) +

(
(

n m
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V p
1
1
cos 3
~
+ + + +
+ ( ) ( ) +
(
(

n m
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V
1
1
cos 3 +
( ) ( ) +
(
(

1
1
cos 3
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V + + +
+ +
( ) ( )

(
(

1
1
cos 3
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V
+ +
+ + +
( ) ( )


=

=
+
1 1
sin 3 sin 3
n
n n n n
n
n n n n
I V I V q
+ + + +
=
( ) ( ) +

(
(

n m
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V q
1
1
sin 3
~
+ + + +
+ ( ) ( ) +
(
(

n m
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V
1
1
sin 3 +
( ) ( ) +
(
(

+ + +

1
1
sin 3
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V
+ +
+ ( ) ( )

(
(

+ + + +

1
1
sin 3
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V
+ +

( )

=

1
0 0 0 0 0
cos 3
n
n n n n
I V p =
( ) ( ) +

(
(

+ =

n m
m
n
n m n m n m
t I V p
1
1
0 0 0 0 0
cos 3
~
( ) ( )

(
(

+ + + +

1 1
0 0 0 0
cos 3
m n
n m n m n m
t I V
v
a
v
b
v
c
i
a
i
b
i
c
p
3
V
+1
; V
5
; V
+7
;
tenses e correntes proporcionais
( q = 0 )
0 p
~
v
a
v
b
v
c
i
a
i
b
i
c
p
3
V
+1
; V
5
; V
+7
;
correntes senoidais (I
+1
)
( q 0 )
0 = p
~
v
a
v
b
v
c
i
a
i
b
i
c
p
3
tenses e correntes tipo
onda de "6 pulsos"
( q = 0 )
0 = p
~
0 Ser que o "mundo" tem que ser senoidal ???
C
O
P
P
E
C
O
P
P
E Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
COPPE/EE/UFRJ
Department of Electrical Engineering
Maurcio Aredes
current
current
compensation
compensation
under
under
non
non
-
-
senoidal
senoidal
conditions
conditions
a a
i i
i i
b b
i i
c c
Generalized Fryze Currents
( p = p + p ) ( p = p + p )
_ _
~ ~
( p = p + p ; q = q ) ( p = p + p ; q = q )
_ _
~ ~ ~ ~
( p = p ) ( p = p )
_ _
a a
i i
i i
b b
i i
c c
Sinusoidal Currents
a a
i i
i i
b b
i i
c c
Constant Power Currents
v v
a a
v v
b b
v v
c c
Distorted Voltages

Você também pode gostar