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(Srie de Bowen)
Plagioclsio Ca (anortita) Plagioclsio Ca-Na
Piroxnios Mg
+ +
temperatura
Quartzo
Srie de Bowen
Alta temperatura Temperatura descrescente
Basaltos e gabros Andesitos e dioritos
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Baixa temperatura
a nu
Feldspato K Quartzo
Riolitos e granitos
Rochas
Rocha Rocha Composio Vulcnica Plutnica qumica Basalto Gabro Temperatura Viscosidade
45-55 SiO2 %, 1000 - 1200o C Baixo altos teores em Fe, Mg, Ca; baixos em K, Na 55-65 SiO2 %, teores intermedirios em Fe, Mg, Ca, Na, K 65-75 SiO2 %, baixos teores de Fe, Mg, Ca; altos em K, Na 800 - 1000o C Intermedirio
Andesito
Diorito
Intermediri
Riolito
Granito
650 - 800o C
Alto
Alto
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Classificao geral
http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10e http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10
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Formao de magmas
Profundidades variveis no interior da crosta
Alguns podem se formar no manto Material fundido menos denso que rocha hospedeira
Magma obrigado a subir rumo superfcie lava
Mobilidade
Composio qumica Grau de cristalinidade
Proporo relativa de minerais j cristalizados
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Viscosidade de magmas
v
Viscosidade
Resistncia ao fluxo (contrrio de fluidez)
Magmas com altos teores de SiO2
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Fatores
No-Explosivas
Caldeiras
Colapso do cume
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Erupes no-explosivas
v
Superfcie da Terra
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Erupes explosivas
v
v v
Bomba vulcnica dimetro > 64 mm Lapilli fragmentos com dime de 2 a 64 mm Tufo poeira consolidada
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Fluxos piroclsticos
v
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rea muito chuvosa, o deslocamento de grandes volumes d lahares (cinzas inconsolidadas) destruiu a cidade de Arme
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Corpos intrusivos
v
Discordantes
Os batlitos so corpos expostos em reas maiores que 100 km2, muitas vezes amalgamados com intruses meno Os stocks so corpos menores que 100 km2 Os diques so corpos que cortam as outras rochas
Magma preenche fraturas e forma o dique
Concordantes
Os laclitos so corpos em forma de domo que penetram entre camadas de rochas sedimentares Nos sills, o magma penetra segundo a estratificao das camadas
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C re a
Bibliografia bsica
v
Anguita Virella, F., Moreno Serrano, F. 1991. Processos geolgicos internos. Madrid: Rueda 232p. Philpotts, A. R. 1990. Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall. 549p. Teixeira, W.; Toledo, M.C.M.de; Fairchild, T.R.; Tai F. Decifrando a Terra. So Paulo: Oficina de Text 2000. 568p. (Caps. 16 e 17). WYLLIE, P. J. A terra : nova geologia global. Lisbo Calouste Gulbenkian. (550 W979t 3. ed. 4411 52/BC)
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Bibliografia web
http://pubs.usgs.gov/publications/text/index.html http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/recenteqs/latestfault.htm http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/earth_m ials_structure/igneous_rocks.html http://www.geo.ua.edu/intro03/Ignis.html http://www.learner.org/resources/series78.html http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vw.html http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Earthscience/Geolo RocksandMinerals/IgneousRocks/IgneousRocks.htm http://www.uoguelph.ca/geology/2110PDF_f04/igneousIII_6.pdf http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/site_index.html
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