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MDULO III
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MDULO III
ASSISTNCIA HUMANIZADA
livre de afetos com o paciente, por nveis mais profundos de acolhimento e vnculo
com as famlias. A relao se torna mais humanizada e horizontal por meio de falas,
perguntas, posturas e gestos capazes de gerar empatia e acolhimento, minimizando
os lugares de poder historicamente institudos no relacionamento entre profissionais
de sade e pacientes. Assim, os pacientes transformam-se em sujeitos e no meros
nmeros.
deve estar treinada para ajudar a minimizar este medo. Na medida em que as
crianas so informadas do que vai ocorrer, conseguem gradativamente elaborar o
medo e, muitas vezes, colaborar na realizao dos procedimentos necessrios.
Vamos analisar como Pedro, nosso estudante de medicina, consegue lidar
com o Steve, um menino de 4 anos, internado com vrios ossos fraturados.
PEDRO: Hello, Steve. My name is Pedro, and I'll be examining you today.
Good morning, Ms. tztrk. How is he doing today?
MOTHER: He's in a better mood than yesterday. I brought him his favorite toys.
PEDRO: Hey, Steve. That's a cool robot. Does it beat up on the bad guys?
STEVE: Yeah, and it talks, too.
PEDRO: Awesome! Hey, I'm going to listen to your heart with this round metal thing.
Do you want to listen to your robot's heart first?
STEVE: Robots don't have hearts!
PEDRO: Oh, right, sorry. Well, can you tell me where you have an owie today?
STEVE: This part [points to shoulder] and this part [points to thigh] and this part and
this part. [points all over his body and begins to laugh]
PEDRO: Oh! Did you break all of the bones in your body?
STEVE: Yeah.
PEDRO: I bet there's one bone that didn't break. You didn't break your funny bone!
[tickles Steve on the arm]
STEVE: You're funny!
PEDRO: We'll fix up your bones, but you have to promise no more climbing trees.
You and Mr. Robot need to stay on the ground next time.
Items: dolly (doll), Teddy Bear, binkie (pacifier), blankie (blanket), rubber duckie (a
toy shaped like a stylized duck)
DID YOU KNOW? "Rubber Duckie" is a song sung by the Muppet character Ernie
(voiced by Jim Henson) on Sesame Street. The song is named after Ernie's toy, a
rubber duck affectionately named Rubber Duckie.
ACTIVITY 14 (part 1): Match the technical term in the left column with the ageappropriate word in the right column.
Anesthesia
stomach
shot
toilet
sleepy air
tummy
poke
potty
ACTIVITY 14 (part 2): Match the technical term in the left column with the ageappropriate word in the right column.
stretcher
urine
feces
recovery room
bed on wheels
pee-pee
number 2
wake
up
room
ACTIVITY 14 (part 3): Match the technical term in the left column with the ageappropriate word in the right column.
pajamas
pain
doll
x-ray
PJ's
sore
dolly
picture
of
your
bones
Characteristics
Newborn
(birth to 1
month)
May be soothed
something to suck on
by
Toddler
(13 years)
Preschooler
(36 years)
Explain actions
language
using
School-age
child
(612 years)
s vezes, vemos que preciso mudar o tpico ou usar uma frase especial
para distrair a ateno da criana da dor ou do procedimento. Vamos ver como
Pedro ajuda o nosso pequeno Steve a se acalmar para colocar a tala gessada na
regio da fratura.
Any healthy person reading this has a good chance of living past their one hundredth
birthday. However, that is not necessarily good news, because not everyone looks
forward to old age.
The main problem with old age is boredom and a sense of uselessness. Depression
can increase mental and physical decay, especially if it is made worse by the loss of
a wife or husband. Elderly people can be inattentive, have disorganized thoughts and
speech, and they sometimes show strange behavior.
Immobility is also a common problem for elderly people. This is often caused by
diseases such as arthritis and osteoporosis. Another problem is incontinence, which
causes a great deal of distress. They can also suffer from sleep disorders and eating
problems.
ACTIVITY 15: Choose the right equipment for each of the geriatric problems.
Patient needs a little help with mobility.
She needs help in the bathroom.
You have to shout, hes very deaf.
She occasionally wets herself.
Patients joint has degenerated because
of arthritis.
artificial hip
bath lift
hearing aid
incontinence pad
walking stick
Formal
Excuse me. Have you been listening to me?
I'm sorry. I was wondering if you heard what I just said/asked.
Pardon me. Did you understand me just then?
Menos formal
Did you hear what I just said/asked?
Can you hear me?
Informal
Did you catch that?
Did you get that?
Got that?
Right?
Pedro: I'm afraid that's not possible, Mr. Walker. The paramedics brought you here
last night because of your fainting. The doctors need to watch you as they wait for
your test results. Dr. Senich will be here soon to talk with you.
Patient: Oh, all right. If you say so.
Formal
Menos formal
No, that's not a good idea (with your condition).
No way!
Formal
I am sorry. Would you mind saying that again?
Pardon me / Excuse me. Could / Can you repeat that, please?
Nota: Se houver uma emergncia, essas formas devem ser abreviadas (ex.,
Repeat, please!)
Menos Formal
Could you say that again?
I didn't get that. Can you say it again?
Sorry. I didn't understand what you said.
Um instrumento muito til para manter uma conversa viva consiste em fazer
mais perguntas. A maioria das pessoas gosta de falar sobre si mesma; sua chance
de comear a conversa e deix-los continuar. Recursos valiosos so as Whquestions usando Who, What, When, Where, Why or How ou as Yes-No
questions.
Por exemplo,
Where are you from? From Manila.
Really? Are you here on vacation?
Are you here alone? Who else from your family is here with you?
How long have you been here? Where have you traveled?
How is life different in the Philippines?
- Are you married? [Yes]. How long? [40 Years] WOW! What's your secret??
- Ive still got to decide on a vacation spot for my family this year, have any
recommendations?
H muitos outros assuntos que podem manter uma conversa viva. Vejamos
juntos alguns exemplos.
Every grandparent loves to talk about their children and
grandchildren. Family is central to many of our lives, so use
this to get the patient talking and ask questions to further the
conversation.
Do
you
have
any
kids/
grandkids/
great-
grandchildren/ pets?
How many?
past
growing up?
be so popular?
Uma tcnica que pode nos ajudar muito a obter informaes mais
especficas aquela de usar follow-up questions, perguntas complementares que
seguem a primeira sobre o mesmo tpico.
My son was here yesterday to visit me.
Is he your only child?
Are you happy that he came?
Does he have children?
Will he come again tomorrow?
IN CONCLUSION preciso que se resgate a proximidade com o
paciente, com a pessoa, com o ser humano, e isso significa preocupar-se com o
outro, de maneira significativa e envolvente, e no se ocupar do outro, para cumprir
preste bem ateno na pessoa quando ela falar, no tente dar ateno
confundir.
pressa ou impacincia
alguma dvida
pea gentilmente para idoso repetir o que lhe foi dito para ter certeza
entendimento
Alm disso, lembramos que a comunicao envolve tambm um processo
de compartilhamento de sentimentos, opinies, experincias e informaes.
Entretanto, importante destacar que esta pode ser at no verbal, envolvendo
sinais transmitidos pelas expresses faciais, pelo corpo, postura corporal e distncia
que se mantm entre as pessoas, e at mesmo pelo silncio em uma conversa.
Portanto, para melhorar a nossa comunicao no verbal com um paciente
idoso muito importante:
este permitir.
toque, como: afastar-se, virar a cabea para outro lado, desviar os olhos ou cruzar
os braos.
Lembre-se: Mesmo com dificuldade de audio, verbalizao ou cognio, o
idoso interpreta a comunicao no verbal devido experincias anteriores.
Vamos ver agora como nosso Pedro tenta lidar com um paciente fora de
controle.
NURSE: We need to try to calm Mr. Kegal down. He still has one hour before the
next scheduled morphine drip.
PEDRO: I heard he was trying to pull out his catheter tubes and demanded stronger
and more frequent doses of his meds.
NURSE: Yes, that's correct. He seems very hostile. Let's go in together and reason
with him.
Mr. KEGAL: This situation is unacceptable. I am in severe pain! These tubes are
bothering me, and I need some relief!
PEDRO: Mr. Kegal, we are here to help. We need you to take three deep breaths
before we can be of assistance.
Mr. KEGAL: No way! Don't tell me what to do!
PEDRO: It seems as if you are having an anxiety attack, I just need you to calm
down and relax now. I am really sorry for your suffering. I am here determined to get
you feeling better.
way! Don't tell me what to do!. Ele sabe muito bem que repreend-lo s ir piorar as
coisas. Mesmo assim, com mo firme e muita pacincia, no deixa que ele delire e
tenta em todas as maneiras de traz-lo de volta a realidade. We need you to take
three deep breaths before we can be of assistance. [] I just need you to calm down
and relax now.
Outro momento muito importante quando Pedro reconhece os sentimentos
do senhor Kegal para que ele saiba que est sendo ouvido, It seems as if you are
having an anxiety attack. Outra opo poderia ter sido: It sounds like you are
feeling angry, comunicando de forma clara que ele est perfeitamente ciente do
estado emocional do paciente. Mantendo o contato visual e um caminho livre at a
porta, Pedro continua usando suas habilidades de escuta ativa. Mostra-se empatico
com as dificuldades e o sofrimento do senhor Kegal I am really sorry for your
suffering. I am here determined to get you feeling better.
IN CONCLUSION Vamos revisar junto com o Pedro algumas dicas importantes
para lidar com pacientes agressivos e/ou violentos.
Even a simple statement such as: I know that you are angry about the 2 hour
wait, but its hard for me if you are yelling. Why dont you tell me what I can do
for you, and Ill try to help you out? may help tremendously.
Remember that a little empathy sometimes goes a long way!
3) POSITION YOURSELF CAREFULLY
Stand about 1.5 meters in front of him, but a bit off to the sidedo not face
him directly.
This is close enough to allow you to develop a rapport, but far enough away
so that you do not threaten his personal space and he cant easily touch or hit
you.
Dont turn your back on him.
Always approach the patient from the front
4) BODY LANGUAGE:
Adopt a submissive pose: arms relaxed and hanging down at the side, palms
open below your waist and facing the person, shoulders drooping, legs
relaxed.
Dont look directly into the patients eyes because this is threatening to most
people focus your eyes on his chin.
B Drugs are not the only way to manage pain. Hospices now use a variety of other
methods. Massage, relaxation therapy, acupuncture and music can be useful too.
C It is not always easy to say exactly when someone is actually dead, especially now
that mechanical aides can keep patients alive artificially. But for most doctors, a
person is dead when all brain activity, breathing, metabolism and pulse have
stopped.
D Sometimes there is an autopsy after someone dies. But in most cases, postmortem care involves making careful records and preparing the body for a funeral.
This usually means a burial or cremation, according to religion and belief.
ACTIVITY 16: In which paragraphs (Ad) in the text can you can find answers to
the following questions?
Paragraph B
Paragraph A
Paragraph D
Paragraph C
Lidar com a realidade da morte pode ser muito difcil para todos, pacientes,
familiares ou profissionais de sade. Alguns pacientes vo querer discutir a questo
seriamente, e outros brincar com isso. Alguns esto com vontade de conversar e
outros com medo. Ento, como vamos saber quando falar e o que dizer?
Muito importante abordar o tpico com cuidado. Um sermo ou uma
msica que ouvimos falar, uma poesia, um livro que lemos, ou simplesmente a morte
de algum podem ser timas oportunidades. Tentamos de evitar perguntas do estilo
How sick you are?, preferindo outras como por exemplo:
SITUATION 1
PATIENT: Are you going to increase my dosage? I told you, I need more!
NURSE: I don't really know. I will ask the doctor for you.
SITUATION 2
PATIENT: Do you think I will die soon?
NURSE: I'm not really in a position to say.
Vamos ver agora outras expresses que podem ajudar a evitar a resposta direta.
Segue uma lista dos eufemismos mais usados. Note que alguns deles so
considerados desrespeitosos (slang). Pode ouvi-los, mas no aconselhado de uslos quando falar de outras pessoas.
Near-Death Idioms
to be a goner [slang]
to be about to croak [slang]
to be about to meet one's maker
to be at death's door
to be beyond hope
to be in a bad way
to be living on borrowed time
to be near the end
to be on one's death bed
to be on one's last legs
to be riddled with [cancer]
to be wasting away
Note: When talking about a patient who is near death, it is better to add I'm
sorry, I'm afraid, or It's so sad to the sentence to be more respectful.
Ex. I'm sorry to say that she's near the end.
Death Idioms
to be 6 feet under [slang]
to be pushing up daisies [slang]
to kick the bucket [slang]
to pass
to pass away / on
to go with the Lord
to go home
to be called home
to leave this world
to lose the battle
to slip away
Physical Comfort
Many terminally ill patients need regular doses of pain medication to prevent the pain
from becoming severe.
Help the patient switch positions on a regular basis. A terminally ill person
might have lost a great deal of weight, making it uncomfortable to lie or sit in
one position for too long.
Gentle massage is a wonderful alternative to movement, increasing circulation
when mobility is not possible.
Emotional Support
Many terminally ill patients are understandably fearful, not necessarily of death but of
not knowing what will occur next. Some patients want to know exactly what will
happen to them; others do not.
Develop active listening skills that give clues into exactly what the patient does
and does not want to know.
If possible, answer honestly. This helps the patient deal emotionally with
issues bit by bit rather than all at once.
Never bring up spiritual matters that the patient hasn't discussed previously.
Be careful not to interject your own beliefs unless the patient specifically asks.
Supporting the Family
Families of terminally ill patients can bring their own stresses and anxieties into the
patient's room. Some want to micromanage the patient's care. Others find fault with
everything that's done for the patient.
Encourage the family to ask questions
Maintain a calm and even demeanor to help family members work through
their own issues.
Offer blankets if family members stay overnight
Make sure they eat and drink themselves. This will help them feel that their
needs
are
respected
as
well.
Aps a perda sempre difcil saber o que dizer. Encontramos uma famlia
triste e enlutada, vivenciando uma grande dor que, muitas vezes, quer extern-la.
Vm as lgrimas e, como interlocutores, ficamos sem ao, sentindo at um certo
desconforto pela situao. Como ajudar a consolar?
Formal
I am so / very sorry for your loss.
I am so / very sorry to hear of your loss.
Please accept my sympathy / condolences.
You have my (deepest) sympathy / condolences.
Menos formal
I'm so / very sorry.
I'm sorry.
I'm sorry to hear about [person's name].
I'm sorry to hear about your [relative].
ACTIVITY 17: Select the condolence that best suits the situation.
A young boy dies of leukemia. A nurse who took care of the patient every day talks to
the parents.
Please accept my sympathy, Mr. And Mrs. Jones. Billy was a fighter to the end.
I'm sorry to hear about your son, Mr. and Mrs. Jones.
Sorry.
Oh, I am sorry.
A respiratory therapist tells a co-worker that his grandfather passed away.
That's too bad. These things happen to old people.
I'm really sorry for your loss.
He died and is 6 feet under now.
He is dead now.
A patient tells a nursing assistant that her husband died 20 years ago from a heart
attack.
You have my deepest sympathy. You must be very sad. I'm sorry for your loss.
He has been pushing up daisies for twenty long years.
Oh, I'm really sorry for your loss.
I am afraid.
A patient has told you that her 12-year-old dog has just died (since she has been in
the hospital).
I am so sorry to hear about the loss of your beloved pet.
Oh, did he kick the bucket today?
Uhm.
Oh!