GEOGRAPHIC MACAZINE. MAY, 1911 CONTENTS MAP OF MEXICO. . . . Supplement |i€@ iy nae ‘Our Neighbor, Mexico. Wrrrt 30 lek uarngrmnic I Lower California, Mexico, a Land of Desert and Drought WitH 2 Liueraarions Re Hunting Whales, A World Industry Wen JE LLosraaTions ROY CHAPAL PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY HUBBARD MEMORIAL HALL WASHINGTON, D.C, wv wav ve Be ethBe NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIF- HUBBARD MEMORIAL HALL 7 SIXTEENTH AND M STREETS, WASHINGTON, D.C. HENRY GANNETT © PitesionNr = OL HL TITTMANN 0. vicrerresio O.P, AUSTIN . + © SECMETANY JOHN JOY EDSON. «TREASURE GILBERT H.GROSVENOR, mnecton ann kniToR FB. EICHELBERGER Asst. TREASURED JOHN OLIVER LAGORCE, AssisTaNr Eprron BOARD OF MANAGERS igoa-tert iotonteez iat tr913 0. P. Austin Heney F Blount ALEXANDER GeanaM BELL Chief U.S. tlorensot Senos Vice Dresilent Am. Security Inventar ol he tlepone Chagves J. Bent. c.M. CHstee eens me President American Secu . airman ot U.S, Geographic ces Atperk Hy" Rese Admiral US, 8 Pog: Woerd = J. Howarn Gore TC COAMBERLIN wee Pambumrce V. Coven Prot, Eimeritux: suatheaaties, fale of Gealony, Nac 6 eoetcie dh The Gow, Washlmasan Un ‘Aericutace ALWiGanewy George Davinson JOHN E. PILLSEURY Arctig, Explorers Major Gen"! Professor of lcorranby, Unk “ear Aumipal U.N. Fete Tis. Army ‘Tessio’ hcalforsia Sey CuicteieawolNi Gieneey 1, GROSVENOR JouN Jo¥ Epson AYO ER "lor of National Geographic Pegaatent Waabiimton tena " Managlae ElionsThe Biveaiie 4 Tian toy Fe Groran Oris Sarr Days Fanos’ Pajweian Lae etn J Charge of Agricultural Exe Member the Inverstate Com "ronan, Pipes ark ‘oeree Commission rns i Suyerintend=nt of U, 5.Conse C. HART MERRIAM le MACDONALD, MD: ind Goodedie Survey Chie! U.S. Bhlogeal Saver |S. N. D, NoRTH Jonn M. 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F THE European’ and \meri people could be educated to the it of cating the canned. flesh of animals which individually yield as much as $0,000 pounds of meat, what a won- derful food supply would be with reach of the poor in our great ¢ in 1 this has, actually been. aceon plished and hundreds of tons of whale Hesh are sold in the markets of all the large, to illages to people whe would otherwise have litthe variety to their diet of rice and fish ‘Thic-great meat supply has been put. into their hands itulirectly by a Nor fan, for it net until 18. wh Swend Foyn invented the harpoon-gtin, that a in such a manner as to allow a nland baleen (the merce) ta be utilized With the further development of the harpoor-gun grew up a new and. great industry. for it made possible the capture af a group of whales known as rirqt or “finners.” in sufficient mumbees ter 1 on the shore where the anir conld he brnight in and the huge © cagses converted into commercial pro Maamtars, Asremica: Musecm oF Natal History aqeaphi by the Author ucts. little t Previously these whales had beep bled by: the men who hunted yall boat with a hand harpoen, amd the great speed of thea and their tendency to sink as suon Killed, as well. as their thin blibber and chort, ccarse baleen, made then) unpopit- Jar with the early whalers. lu a few years stations had sprang up on the eccasts of Norway in every avallafile pace, and later reached actos the Atlantic to the Ames 1 shores. Newfoundland becanie the first hunting groynils dor the whalers here. aud only a few years aga as many as 18 tations Were ih operation an that istanil and the immediate vicinity ‘The great success of the Notwegian methods attracted so tnuch attention that stations were erected in every part of the world where conditions were favor- able—in British Columbia, southeastern Maska, Bermuda, South America, ant the iskinds of the Antiretic: othe coasts of Japan, Korea, Aftica, and Russia. “Austrilia is soon to be invaded, and only a few months ago a. company annanmced their plans for carrying’ on jerations on a large scale in the Aleu- an tslands. In New Zealand, hump-412 THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINEE-WHALING: 4 WORLD INDUSTRY 418 back whales are li41d THE NATI (C MAGAZINE RAL A BLUE WEEAKE: VANCOUVER Shictitietts of this Whale ave been measured nf BF: Feet, anil all peohability, wether ch c 47) spells" when whales HE WHALES AE PERLED LIKE ans and every soul at his work tntil the URANGE te blew for dinner.at noon re the carcass was half out of the \ heavy wite cable was made fast water other tntters. or “iensers,”’ 1s. they bottt thie’ poste art of one oF the are called, had begun to make longitadi- les just in front of the tail, ot Hl incisions through the blubber alang tukes,” and the winch started. The the breast. side, 3 ack, and from the cable straightened cut, tightened, and be- flukes: the entire length of the body to came as rigid as a bar of steel Showly the head. ‘The cable was then 1 foot ler foot of the wire was wottnd fast to the blubber at the chin, the winch Tr-and the epormatis, carcass, we started. and the great layer of fat perhaps 45 tons, was dmiwn out stripped off exae ne would peel water upon the slip an orange. Wh pper side had One of the Japanese (for men of six been denuded of ber covery, itics—Chinese, Japanese, Nor te Whale was turned over by itieans.of gins, Newtoundlanders. tr the “canting winch” and the other «itr eM rah raisin SR fue flensed in the same manner. \niericatis—are emploved at these west The blubber is'a layer of fat of mis soast-stations) serambled wp the shales’ ing thickness which covers the louie side, an Wiowself on he hoily of all. whales, porpaisesiand dot stinwth st by the aid of his long: phins atid keeps the aniiial warm. iit made his way forward t cts exactly as the feathe birds or at the Thaw” the great side the hair of land manmals—as a non: per. 16 feet in conductor to prevent the natural heat ofto he cleaned feredSHORE-WHALING: A WORLD INDUSTRY qT» GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE which the Norweginns develo dare the by-pr best from the their peculiar nee sls added nan would do well to recognize. = are ustally: sit {in or near one of the little fish ayes which dot the islands in eve bay or harbor. Tn some insta not ent of the w r learned i hates are d slip in the "I Norwegians, by more usual i utting in isa mcthodef their owt At the end of a wharf extending deep Water a pair of | ire erected, inclined forw ut their extremities by a massive crass pie this the great heks, throug ron the wire cables of the winch, are suspended heavy The first whale which | cat in hy the Japan as an enormous sulphur hottom. 80 feet in length, Thad been at sea for several davs on one of th nel we SWUNE to the heey from the open ocean, the whistle amang the bills gave warning of our coming. ‘The little vessel. towing a carSHORE-WHALING: herself, up t% af plowed he wharf, and 5 a rope from the re hud been made inst w the fukes of the while, dropped it into the water and backed off to anchor in the b Immeditely a chain . was. imade about the body just fe ward of the tail, the witieh started, sin the whale drawn slowly into the air over the ent! of the wharf, As it came upward the eager et ers attacked it, slicing ff enormous bldcks of oh and blubber, 1 re at nee seized by men” and drawn to the back of the p rm. Meanwhile two other cutters were at *samipan’ di carcass just A WORLD INDUS fin. ‘The entire part of the was then drawa upward and ea br sora oes Wnt lowered on the wharf to THR HARMUON GUN, USED FOR RIING AND CAPTURING be stripped of binbher WHALUS (Sex PAGE and flesh. Transverse incisions were made in the portion of the body remaining in the water, a hook fastened toa blanket piece, and as the hiubber was torn off ly the winch the carcass rolled over and over, ‘The dis jointed head was hoisted: bodily onto the pier. Section by section the carcass was cut apart and drawe upward to fall into the hands of the men on the wharf and be sliced into great blocks two or three square page 42) he scone was one of rly con: fusion” —men, women girls laugh- ing and. chattering. there, sometimes stops words of banter, hut her. own work din Mhove t of sounds, the strange, hralf-wi ranning. here and ping for a few ach with his, or ch J, mean= al ingless chat died awa chown: pulled , swelling again in A fe the sweating, half-naked m ned at a great iawhone unig the hundred-pound. chunks of flesh into the waiting hand-cars which carried thent te the washing Sone times a Kimona-cld, hare 1 girt slipped on the Ss or treacherous, sliding, biabbe ch sprawled itite a great pool of blood, rising i laughter to shake her: ted blotches from her and go on a8 merrily It was tially “ago crowd, working bard ane but deriving as much fut labor a3 though it we umid wipe the: stub nose,420 THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE \ SI OF BARDINE WHALE SPOUTING? JAPAN A SED OR SAMDISE FHIALE INSHIRING. 1 AKHE 430)SHORE:WILA NG: A WORLD IXDUSTRY 421 JAPAN k. and wheh is clearly shown it. St WHALE AROUT TOOTAKE A "SURFACE neve” Thi fea siniy be ‘eneily’ te Fah, d Th ts mncst fnteresting to aut Zé helt fithe holies ae th iter the ein them Mi in preference 1s422 THE NATIONAL GEOGR HC MAGAZINE HUMPDACKS OFTEN SWIs HNC Te Fv {0 HUMPHACK JUST DISAPMARINE TH THE SURFACE iment of the dive: ‘The smaoth spot, the water iy the invariable acce yarteay of World's Work Hick Photos bySHORE-WHALING: TH WAKEOON AS 1 addition to the the whale. and i thes spirit of the place was infectious. and ag T splashed about in the blood anid grease doing my own work, [talked god joked with the cutters in tn aus screams of laughter wh ¥ formed them that “the sun was very hot water” by the quit substituting w “ataui (hot) Almost every night we would be awakened by the longdrawn wail of a ship's siren whistle. bringimg the news of more whales. [f I did not at once stir, the littl amah (servant), always devote! wo my interests, would quietly slide t per sercen to- the sleep- ing-r say. “Andrewessar Ga Haget i mushita”” ( Hoge No. 5 caught whales), When Thad t ont Of the comfortable futons and b te dress, J would hear litthe Seio-san puat- tering about in the other foom, gathering A WORLD INDUSTRY STRIKES ‘THE WIEAE s exploded three or four fest ‘The lack cloud ts the amoke ty pencil, note-book, and tape mes ure. Looking like a beautiful night- moth in her bright-colored kimons, with the huge low-of her obi (sash) always neatly arranged? she would be there to help the into the greasy ail-skins and rubber boots, and clump along in Eront to the wharf, lighting the with a eldehin” (paper lantern) that | might not bump my head on the caves and rafters. of the low station sheds, Every da an religiously went to, hee ugly Tittle stone joss in the pl house temple on the hillside and prayed that the “America-san” might catch many whales anil porpoises for’ the Kaktbutsu-kovan (museum) in the wor derful, city across the Pacific, of which he had so often told her. And when the season was ended and she had sk ank the j Aw nto and to please her the ventured himseli € to42h THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE A hollow atect mbe ds thst so, her joy could hardly: be Hali-rial and the tip of her little me and littl m7 astant rath por matting) in her a curious, pictur oT Fires ‘of ceail-fat the wharf threw ever= changing p's whistl je had been seks alorig cllaw light t with whale shing be and a crowd of villagers gather atSHORE-WHALING: A WORLD INDU TOWING TIE INPL: me, for the meat and hlubber must be hurried on hoard fast transports and Sent 10 the nearest city, to be sold in the markets and pedidled from house te house, WHat WY POPULAR IN JARAN Few people realize the great part which whale meat plays in the life of the ordinary Jay ‘Too poor tu buy becf, their diet would include Tittle hur rice, fish, and vegetables were it net for the great supply of Hesh and. blubber furnished liy these huge water mammal In winter the meat of the humphack whale, which is most highly esteemed, sometimes brings as mach ax 30 scm (15 cents) per pound; but this 1s unusnal, MEAT 15. nese Ordinarily it can be bought fur 15 sen or less, But the edible portions are not only the flesh and blubber, Certain parts of the viscera are prepired for WITALE TO THE FacTaRy hem is first trie Sdristumption, and what ‘remains out to-extract the oil. then chipped hy girls using hand-knives, and dried in the sum for fertibizer, Whale meat is very coarse grained and tastes-sqmething like verison, but has a Havor peculiarly its own, T have exten it for many days in succession. and found it not only palatable but healthful The Japanese prepare it ina variety of ways, but perhaps it is mest freiquently chopped finely, mixed with vegetables, and eaten raw, dressed with a brown sauce, In the summer, when it is impessible te ship the meat to-any distance because of the heat. much of it is earned, flesh is cooked in great kettles, anil the cans made, packed, and labeled at stations. Om my desk as T write tin of whale meat which T brought from Aikawa, where humireds of pounds wereTHE NATIONAL ¢ OGRAPHIC MAGAZINE Jacked sent southward to be mar- keted at Tokyo and shipped to all parts of the | It is most unfortunate thar prejudice Je meat from being sold in a. Tt could nut, of ent fresh to the large cities course, he but 1 the Japanese fashion, i i vasily superior to much of the beef and other tinned feeds now on sale in our In New Zealand the Messrs who have de rary method af ¢ hades it deal of meat kets Brothers. wire ne ant ship it t ea Islands, where it is soll ath The baleen of the rorquals, which is OF little value in Europe and Americ has been put to many uses by the Japa the trea head. The ¢ he great lay me) nese. When I visited the exhibition roams of the Toyo Hogei . in Tokyo, 1 was astonished ani delighted at sight of the cigar and cigarette charcoal baskets, sanctils, and othe their cleve: mth beautiful things created by brains ands = HK seems to he ttéeles: The whales are going fast, and it is proba Jong hefore the slow-toy- img wheels of government begin to tc- valve and legislation is enacted for their protection, they will have become gom mercially ext But since this seems to be unavoidable, my hopes are that the Japanese will get even more than their share while they do tast. There the whales are as. carefully prepared: and utilized for as great a purpose as areSHORE-WHALID r and sheep’ in the Qecident, eal other countries but little of the real value of the anitaals is secured, and their great budies are being spread upon t ern cotton fields instead of feeding thou- sands of hungry poor. THR WEE WIEALE T have been writing of the method: preparing whales, but have told little the animals themselves, Few readers, perhaps, realize that the bide, or sulphur bottom, whale found im all our o nwt only the largest aninial that fives to day, but is alse, so-faras is mow ki the largest animal that has eve ‘on the earth or in its waters have been tieasured which Jength of 87 feet and in all probability weighed as much as 75 tons. Although the mouth is enormous, large enough in fact to permit 10 or ta men te stand upright in it, the throat measures only ahatit-@ inches in diameter (see p. 412) These animals, like most of the “whale- bone whales,” usually feed on minute shrimp about’ three-quar- inch long. They probably never eat fish of any kind if other food A WORLD INDUSTRY (Re 444) is wo be had, a ihe many stomachs which | have examined, never om anything but the little red erustaceans he found. From the stomach ef one blue whale at Vancouver Island five barrels (ats potnds) of shrimp were taken, and if was by ne means full The Norwegians gave tle animal the name of blue wh im the bluish cast to the beautiful body, Sulphur- bottom, Hed at the American stations, is a misnomer and unfortunate, for there is ot the slightest trace of yellowish color anywhere upon the anin Probably no cetacean has such wor derful strength as have the blue whales | have heard uty stories of the almost incredible way in which these animals cant pull, but wax at fitst inclined to doubt them. Later, when [ saw a blue whale with a harpoon. between the shoulders drag the ship, with engines at full speed astern, through the water almost as though it had been a rowboat, | begun » listen. with more respect. il is used almost exchanivel cling the animal forward, if the strikes far back the whale is gre428, THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE MAKING A WITALE PASE Tu THE SIDE OF THE Ste: JAPAN hampered in its swimming movement bat with the harpoon herween its sk FRY PLAVEULL THE HUMPRALK 18 vant The bumphick is to me the ny in ors it cam pull with all its strength ieeesting of all ur laree Whalen geal) THE FINBACK, ie “GueyriouNp op tug hecause of the fact that its habits “are SKA" (SER MAGE 437) mre easily studied than are those of the other members of the family. Its maxi ‘The finhack, closely related to the blue mum size is under 55 feet, but its bedy Whale, his been called the “greyhound is thick and heavy, with chormous side pf the sea," for its Tong. slender bady is Hippers. These great paddles are built on the lines of a tacing yacht and one-quarter the length of the entire bed the animal can oqual the speed of the ond a single one from a whale 40 fee fastest steamslip, The back da long weighed on the station gray, shading into beautiful Hight gray pounds, ‘The throat, breast on the sides and pure whi A flippers of the humpback are alimest in- noticeable character abont th te is ably covered with masses of baria the asymetry af the throat coloring; the or rather barnacl 1 barnse or the hard. shelblike Coronula are hosts of the soft, pendant hatnacles (see page 417) nol the only parasi s. for the hin left side is dark slate and the right pure white Tike the uniler parts. ‘The baleen, themselves th also, on the right side, for a distance about 214 feet, is white, in sharp distine tion from the remaining dark placesSHORE-WHALING: A WORLD INDUSTR MPDACK: JAPAN nel in fact cals eur timbers af (Cyamus), about t fe lice.” On the produce suet Apher. Jorn eof their most sp perform: und it is truly a wonderful ‘The first time Lever saw a lmemp: breach” off the Vancouver arid the a lone bull formed nd-over the eyes are other tittle ship had been hangin atches infested. with the gurcely to) the chase. nie crastaceans. The whale The most playful of all our large number of f whales are the humpbacks, and. conse- quently they are ther in the interesNAL GEOGRAPHIC MAGAZINE CUT Ur: JArAN DRAWING A FINDACK UP ON THE WAYS TO BI the animal. im front of us and with 9 rush that art of ite hu five loud, surface the whale shot into the out of ringe thrust its entire the bady out of et clear of We water, wit vit, inking back 0 pded, ane whistling of ext sight before t could swing ab ing slowly 0 perfee Again, it inverted itself and, with the clowd of spra fF part out of the water flukes hack ote While in Jupan portunity to study in. com a. species which has never before ported in numbers from, the This is the sei while of the “|washi kujira” he Japane: It is entire poste began to wave the gigar d forth, ‘The dignified at first, the Mak the water on either side. Faster and faster they waved. until they were lash- been water into foam and sen¢ orth clouds of spray high into the air; then the Ne fthe whale | (sardir was het ring 1910 [ had an rable des slowly the 2 vf sight. ‘The sh far from the animal as it went down feet, and T stop waiting on the gun platform, lines, much Ti when suddenly the water parted directly tion also resemblesSHORE-WHALING: FLISH FROM THE s PING THE pevies, hut ite: a its hig fale LETON OF A WORLD INDUSTRY sardines, twisting ine he, sei whale has a habit they whirl along after the ter ming just belay the a x fish, dometimes throwing thentselves with the dorsal fin exposed, anid when ter in their eagerness feeding will travel for a considerable [ut, like the other finners, they will al desta Hisa dificult ways eat shrimp, if nitiable, iti whale the back preference to anyth arch hen the atvimial a comparatively sniall WFLES ARE ORVOTEG 10 “THEIR CALVES part of its 1 hewn above the water targe whales stow dit one tite ve seer a sardine wh tion for their young, and the cows and fader the bows af a shi valves will seldom leave each ather when ard rush and dash pursued by a ship, remember at one surface, thy vessel time in Aliska, an board the steamship ide it in orien to Jy, we had sighted a female fine when at finally rose to back swith ane about 30: feet