CIE L*a*b*-System a7 © BYK Additives & Instruments What do the “Differences” mean? aBr=5 AET= 5 AE" defines the total color dference between sample and standard, To determine the cause, the individual colorimetric components AL", Aa‘, Abt or AL’, AG, AH" need to be recorded. A= Sample ~ StandardHow to set Tolerances? ‘Agreed upon tolerances are the foundation for a good customer/vendor relationship. maiieaaaii | Sa ae ae 2, Visually rate production specimens upper timit lower limit Vasa b er 8 seme Pass Fell Thosame graphs neeto be established or a" -— = oe = = “standard = Statistical Method Upperower ims can be determined by ca = BB auiating = 3 standard deviation. CMC-Method ‘Alternative method that correlates best with human perceptibility levels. Measurement Report Color Scale —Standard Sample Differences L 36.84 3r77 0.99 @ -24.10 2459 0.9 b 1200 1188 -012 NS 1.05 Conditions: ‘Sample Preparation : “procedure description” ‘Sample Averaging :n=3 Mluminant/Observer: D65/10* Apparatus spectro-guide Only measurements taken under the Instrument Geometry : 45°/0° same conditions can be compared!What is Color? Color perception is one of our five sensations. Itis strongly influenced by external factors, such as ‘object size, sourrounding color and lightness, as well as personal factors including gender, age, fatigue and mood of the observer. The consequences are: This can only be solved by using color instru- = subjective description mentation and internationally specified color * no recollection of colors or color differences systems which will guarantee an objective * dificult and vague communication description of colored objects and their color differences, Color perception is dependent on the inter- a relationship of three factors: lightsource Bi ZZ D observer object ‘The spectral functions of lightsource and observer are defined by the CIE (Commission Interna- tional d’Eclairage) and stored in the memory of a color instrument, The optical properties of the ‘colored specimens are the only variables that need to be measured. in the instrument the three elements get combined to define a specific color. Ligne Color rears es | Building ae Blocks < —How to measure Color correctly? Calibration * prerequisite for accurate results traceable white and black standards * clean, dust- and scratchtree standards fingerprint-, dust- and scratchfree surface instrument port completely covered Consistent and documented procedure ‘Sample preparation ‘Curved samples + instrument port completely covered = always measure the same radius ‘Structured A + take measurements at several areas and calculate samples the mean value o| + for highly structured samples average readings taken in direction A, 8, C, D consistent and documented procedure uniform fim thickness ‘consistent, stable backing material (e.g. ceramic tiles) fold films several times or measure multiple layers consistent and documented procedure ‘Transparent, low chroma’samples Yellowing Use Yellowness/Whiteness Indices to determine ‘wheathering, aging, light anc temperature influence: \. Hiding power * use opacity to determine yield and hiding power of paint, transparent films and plastic Procedure: + apply uniform film thickness on black/white ‘contrast chart ‘+ measure over black and white background Opacity (%6)= Yess x 100%) 100% = complete hiding Lightsource change 5 iar eSpace one on Serzcne acto on maior ere ths clot flrence canbe cass by song erent types ot calves % * metameric pairs have spectral curves that cross at least Troe ues = oe bain “im " Btn ox Ml rman _ML<1_mateh BBYK-Gardnor GmbH - Lavszor Srasio 8 Postfach 970 62504 Geetred - Germany Teloton-a9-8171 8495.0: Fax xA9-6171 3495-160 wwalDyK.convinstuments’ [BYK-Gardner USA. 9104 Guilors Road - Columbia, MD 21048 | USA ‘Phone 800-348-7721 or Phone 301-489-6800: Fax 800-204-8015 o Fax 301-489-6555