Tcnicas de Proc.

Imagens

Aplicaes Fourier 2D

Transformada de Fourier 2D
Contnua

Discreta

Exemplos de DFT/FFT 2D

Spectra

16

14

12

10

Pulso / Sync 2D
f(x,y) y

Amplitude e Fase
|F(u !"|

amplitude fase original

F(u !"

#ota$%o

&om'ina$%o (inear

#ela$%o de fre)*+ncia espa$o/espectro

Alguns pares...

Aplica$,es da FT em imagens Filtros Gaussiana Marr-Hildreth Convoluo Descritores

de fourier

Filtrando sinais .D
E

e!plo de filtro para onda "D

sinus"#

2$sin%nn&'()"*+ sinus2# '$sin%nn&2()"*+ sinus,# sin%nn&,)"*+ sinus#sinus")sinus2)sinus,+

&omposi$%o do sinal
sinal. sinal2 sinal/

0inal1.222/

Transformada de Fourier
f(t"

f(u"

f(t"

3atla'
nn1.-/445 sinus.1 26sin(nn/742."5 sinus21 76sin(nn/242."5 sinus/1 sin(nn//2."5 sinus1sinus.2sinus22sinus/5 8sinus1 fft(sinus"5 figure(." su'plot (/ . ." plot(nn sinus"5 su'plot (/ . 2" plot(nn real(ffts9ift(8sinus"" :r;: nn imag(ffts9ift(8sinus"" : g;:"5 Fsinus1 ifft(8sinus"5 su'plot (/ . /" plot(nn Fsinus"5

Filtrando no espectro

Filtro 'aixa fre).

F(u" 1 4 | u 1 ..../ | u 1 2<<../44

Filtro alta fre).

F(u" 1 4 | u 1 7..2=>

3atla'
?8sinus.18sinus5 ?8sinus218sinus5 for i1.-/44 ?8sinus2(i"145 end5 for i1.-@ ?8sinus2(i"18sinus(i"5 ?8sinus2(/4.;i"18sinus(/4.;i"5 end5 for i1.-./ ?8sinus.(i"145 ?8sinus.(/4.;i"145 end5 su'plot(/ 2 /" plot(nn real(?8sinus." :r;: nn imag(?8sinus." :g;:"5 su'plot(/ 2 @" plot(nn ifft(?8sinus.""5 su'plot(/ 2 7" plot(nn real(?8sinus2" :r;: nn imag(?8sinus2" :g;:"5 su'plot(/ 2 >" plot(nn ifft(?8sinus2""5

Filtrando em 2D
Distri-uio

de fre./0ncias e! 2D
v#-1&2 u#-1&2 D%u2v* D( v#( u#( u#1&2

v#1&2

Filtro passa 'aixa-

Filtro passa alta

Filtro passa 'anda

Exemplo-

Passa 'aixa ; resultado

3atla'
AAAAAAA espectro de a 8a1fft2(a"5 A AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA Filtragem passa 'aixa AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 8p'1ffts9ift(ffts9ift(8a".6circ"5 p'1ifft2(8p'"5 A figure (." su'plot (. 2 ." mes9 (real(p'""5 su'plot (. 2 2" image(a's(real(p'"""5

Passa alta ; resultado

3atla'
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA Filtragem passa alta AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 8pa1ffts9ift(ffts9ift(8a".6icirc"5 pa1ifft2(8pa"5 A figure (2" su'plot (. 2 ." mes9 (real(pa""5 su'plot (. 2 2" image(a's(real(pa""6.4"5

Passa 'anda ; resultado

3atla'
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAA Filtragem passa fre). AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA 8pf1ffts9ift(ffts9ift(8a".6anel"5 pf1ifft2(8pf"5 A figure (/" su'plot (. 2 ." mes9 (real(pf""5 su'plot (. 2 2" image(a's(real(pf""6.4"5

Efeito oscilatBrio

Caussian Filter
x2 + y2 . G ( x y ) = exp 2 2 2 2

( i k .) 2 + ( j k .) 2 . H (i j) = exp 2 2 2 2 E9ere H ( i j ) is ( 2k + .) ( 2k + .) arraD

Caussiano x 'utterEort9
3utter4orth

5 corte !ais a-rupto 5 ainda apresenta rudo oscilat6rio

Gaussiano

5 corte suave - !aior -lur 5 no apresenta rudo oscilat6rio

&ompara$%o passa 'aixa

ideal

'utter Eort9

gaussian

Exemplo )uadrado-

Passa 'aixa

Passa alta

Filtrando #uFdo

Caussiana
7!portante

filtro e! F8

An9lise

!ultiescala

Filtros

derivativos

Caussian Filter
x2 + y2 . G ( x y ) = exp 2 2 2 2

( i k .) 2 + ( j k .) 2 . H (i j) = exp 2 2 2 2 E9ere H ( i j ) is ( 2k + .) ( 2k + .) arraD

Filtro de 3arr;8ildret9
:rova

-iol6;ica da ci-ern<tica

5 ca!pos receptivos da retina de pri!atas

ori;e!

=ivro

-> ?ision2 David Marr

3arr;8ildret9
. x +y 2 G = / 2 2 H
2 2 2

x2 + y2 2 2

(@(((A (@((BB (@(2"' (@(," (@(2"' (@((BB (@(((A

(@((BB (@(C,A (@(DA2 (@"(A (@(DA2 (@(C,A (@((BB

(@(2"' (@(DA2 ( -(@2C2 ( (@(DA2 (@(2"'

(@(," (@"(A -(@2C2 -(@EDED -(@2C2 (@"(A (@(,"

(@(2"' (@(DA2 ( -(@2C2 ( (@(DA2 (@(2"'

(@((BB (@(C,A (@(DA2 (@"(A (@(DA2 (@(C,A (@((BB

(@(((A (@((BB (@(2"' (@(," (@(2"' (@((BB (@(((A

3arr;8ildret9

Image I

6 G
2

2G 6 I

Iero &rossings Detection

Edge Image

2G 6 I

Iero &rossings

&on!olu$%o
A

propriedade !ais i!portante da F8 Muitos filtros di;itais so i!ple!entados e! F8 atrav<s desta propriedade Conv@ 1o espao versus fre./0ncia
5 Depende do ta!anho da !9scara o custo co!putacional

9(t" (96g"(t"

8( f "

g(t"

C( f "

8( f "C( f "

0pectral Filtering#adiallD 0Dmmetric Filter

v#-1&2 u#-1&2 D%u2v* D( v#( u#( u#1&2

Low-pass Filter
de!os&de!oCfre.Ffilterin;&lo4pass@!

v#1&2