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Hb=0
Va + Vb =3P
3Vb = 33P/4
(1)
(2)
(3)
0
1
0
0
1
3
Hb
H
Vb
0
3P
33P/4
2P
3P/a
4P
A
Ha
HbB
Vb
Va
MA
Fh ] Ha + Hb 4P = 0
Fv ]
Ha + Hb = 4P
Va + Vb 2P (3P/a)x2a = 0
Va + Vb = 8P
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2a
0
0
1
(1)
4P
8P
8aP
(2)
(3)
Ha
Hb
VB
MA
1/80
26/3/2011
P
L
A
L
L/3
P.L
Pcos
Psen
Ha
MA
Vb
Va
L/2
L/2
L/6
Fh )
HA - Psen = 0
Fv )
L/6
HA = Psen
(1)
0
1
0
0
1
4L/3
0
0
-1
HIPERSTTICO
GRAU = 1
2/80
HA
HB
VB
MA
(2)
(3)
Psen
P(L + cos)
2
PL /2 + Pcos(7L/6) - PLsen/2
26/3/2011
Ha
Hb
Vb
Va
L
FH) Ha + Hb = P (1)
+ Ma )
L/2
FV) Va + Vb = P (2)
Vb.L P.L/2 P.L/2 = 0
Vb.L = P.L
Vb = P (3)
P
Ha
Va
P.L/2 Ha.L = 0
+ MC)
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
P.L/2 = Ha.L
HA
HB
VA
VB
Ha = -P/2
P
P
P
P/2
ISOSTTICO
N LINHAS = N COLUNAS
(HIPOSTTICO) = RUNA
A
L
3/80
26/3/2011
L/2
30kN/m
10kN/m
A
2m
20kN
2m
100kN
60kN
Vb
Va
FH = 0
FV ) Va + Vb = 180kN
+ Ma)
Vb = 400/4
Va = 80kN
80kN
(+)
(-)
60kN
Q
40kN
100kN
10kN/m
V(x) = 80 10x
80kN
x [0,2[
4/80
26/3/2011
x ]2,4]
x
M(x) = v(x)dx = 80x 10x2 /2 +K
[0,2]
M(0) = 0
K=0
2
M(2) = 80.2 5.2 + K K = 160 20 K= 140kN.m
M(x) = v(x)dx = 40x 30x2 /2 +K
M(0) = 0
K=0
M(4) = 40.4 15.42 + K K = 240 160
M(x) = 40x 15x2 + 80
[2,4]
K = 80kN.m
Tg = /
Viga retangular
M
dx
5/80
26/3/2011
h1
A
h2
= raio de
curvatura
alongamento
trao
(z)
Teorema de Tales
h2
2/h2 = (z)/z
(z) = 2.z/h2
(1)
2
s = AB = d
s = AB = (+h2)d
z
M
h2
Iz
2
2
6/80
26/3/2011
(z) = 2.z/h2
(4)
M = z(z)dA
A
(5)
Inrcia
dA
M = z.(2).z/h2dA
A
M = 2/h2 z2dA
A
z2dA
A
I = Momento de inrcia
(4) (6)
M =
z h2 I
M =
z h2
(z )
z
(z ) =
M .z
I
(7)
Exerccio:
Para uma seo retangular de dimenses b = 15cm e h = 60cm, sujeito a um momento fletor de
50KN.m (traoinferior)
Pede-se:
a) Distribuio (z)
b) Resultante de trao e compresso
c) Restituio do momento fletor
Z
M
60
Y
15
Frmula ( z ) =
Mz
I
M = 50KN.m = 5000KN.cm
b.h 3 15.60 3
I=
=
= 270.000cm 4
12
12
5000
(z ) =
.z = 0,0185.z
270000
7/80
LN
26/3/2011
0,555
0,555
b)
0,555
RC
M
(2/3)30
reaz
644
744
8
0,555.30
RC =
.15 (largura da viga)
2
RC = -125KN = RT
(2/3)30
RT
0,555
c) MR = RC.(20) + RT.(20)
MR = 125.(40)
MR = 5000KN.cm = 50KN.m
8/80
26/3/2011
10
30
10
10
10
M = 80kN.m = 8.000kN.cm
b.h 3
b.h 3
30.10 3
10.30 3
+ 300.(10) 2 +
+ 300.(10) 2 =
+ 30000 +
+ 30000
12
12
12
12
I = 32500 + 52500 = 85000cm 4
I=
z =
8000 z
= 0,0941z
85000
35
15
y
15
9/80
z=0
15
26/3/2011
M * 300.(35) + 300.(15)
=
= 25cm
A
600
ycg
25
15
a) (0) = 0
15
= - 14,1MPa
= 23,5MPa
2,35
15
10
16,67
25
2,35
-1,41
b)
z
26,67
15
25
2,35
(5) = -0,0941 x 5 = -0,45kN/cm2
10/80
26/3/2011
Rc 2 =
* 10 * 30 = 282,0kN
2
0,47 * 5
Rc1 =
*10 = 11,76kN
2
2,35 * 25
Rt =
*10 = 293,75kN
2
c)
10
5,8
5+5,8 = 10,8
2/3*5=3,33
2/3*25 = 16,67
25
x=
1,41
x f ( x)dx
0
h
f ( x)dx(rea.trapzio ) *
0
0,47
x
x
10
3
hx 2 ah 3 bh 2
2
h ax
x
(
ax
+
b
)
dx
=
ax
+
bxdx
=
+
+
0
=
0
0
2
3
2
3
1,41 0,47
h = 10
b = 0,47
a=
= 0,094
10
0,47 + 1,41
= 54,83
t =
*10 = 9,4
2
54,83
x=
= 5,8cm
9,4
h
11/80
26/3/2011
1
2
= E*
E1
2
E2
10GPa
E
1 = 1 * 2
E2
200GPa
=
h1
Mz
I2
Mz
Mz
b * h3
= I =
= *
I1
12
I2
h2
2
b2
B1=B2*(E1/E2)
B2
12/80
26/3/2011
48cm
Y
2cm
M = 120 kN.m
b/10 = 10/200
b = 10*10/200 = 0,5cm
0,5
48
48
10
10
I=
b.h 3
b.h 3
+ A1 +
+ A2
12
12
26
13/80
Linha de referncia
26/3/2011
I=
10 * 2 3
0,5 * (48) 2
+ 10 * (2) * (14,64 1) 2 +
+ (48 * 0,5) * (14,64 * 26) 2
12
12
Fig 1
fig2
I = 11.433cm4
Compresso 37,1
35,4
50
14,6
Madeira 12,6
Ao
Linha neutra
2
Trao 15,4
m = N*a
m(35,4) = 0,05*(37,1)
m(2) = 0,5*s*(-12,6)
(Na linha neutra)
N=E1/E2
M
12.000
z = z =
z = 1,05 z
I2
11.433
(0) = 0
(35,4) = 37,1kN/cm2
(-14,6) = 15,4 kN/cm2
37,1
1,86kN/cm2
m = 1,86 (compresso)
m(2) = 0,05*(+13,27)= 0,66 trao
z = -1,05z
(12,6) = -1,05*12,6 = +13,27
35,4
Linha neutra
14,6
13,27
0,66
15,4
15,4
14/80
26/3/2011
35,4
12,6
0,66
(13,27 + 15,4 l arg ura.da.viga
Rt ao =
* 2 * 10
286kN
2
Rc = Rt
329 = 42 + 286
329 = ~ 328
c)
Rcm
2/3(35,4)
2/3(12,6)
Rtm
Rtao
Distncias muito pequenas adotar
metade de L (at 10% do L total)
b
+ bmenor
rea trapzio = maior
* h * l arg ura
2
15/80
26/3/2011
Exerccio:
Viga de concreto armado sobre o ponto de vista RESMAT
HIPTESES:
a) Materiais trabalham de forma solitria.
b) Concreto no resiste trao
d
h
b
b = largura da viga
h = altura da forma
d = altura til
c = tenso admissvel concreto
s = tenso admissvel ao
As = rea do ao
Ac = rea do concreto
Rc
x
2/3 *x
LN
d-x
Rs
f = 0
M = 0
Rc = Rs (Resultante)
c * x
* b = s * As
2
16/80
(1)
26/3/2011
M = Rc*(d x/3)
(2)
M = (c*x/2)* b * ((d-x)/3) = ((c* b * d)/2)* x ((c* b)/6)* x2
((c * b)/6)* x2 - ((c* b * d)/2) * x + M = 0
c * b
As =
* x
2 * s
(3)
(4)
Exemplo 01
Calcular para a viga de concreto armado abaixo, a posio da linha neutra e a rea de ao necessria
para suportar um momento de 120kN.m
60
d = 0,9h = 54cm
120kN.m
12
17/80
26/3/2011
b2 4 * a * c
2*a
648
648 2 4 * 4 *12000
2*4
648
2 * 12
2
As =
* 21,33 = 5,12cm
2
*
50
Para uma viga retangular de largura 12cm e altura til de 41cm, calcular o valor de M sabendo que a
LN est a 0,5 de d
x = 0,5d = 0,5* 41 x = 20,5cm
20,5
41cm
20,5
12
(4)
2 *12
2
As =
* 20,5 = 4,92cm
2 * 50
2 * 12
2 * 12 * 41
2
M =
* (20,5) +
* 20,5 8.405kN .cm
2
6
18/80
26/3/2011
50kN
80kN
Z
D
50
C
20
Y
X
240 kN*m
+
3m
M y = 240 80 x
80kN
[0,3]
150kN*m
150kN*m
50kN
19/80
26/3/2011
My
Mz
( y , z ) =
*z+
* y
Iz
Iy
15.000
24.000
*z+
* y
33.333
208.333
( y , z ) =
y
10
10
-10
-10
(y,z)
z
25
-25
-25
25
-7,375
-1,625
7,375
1,625
Z
1,6
-7,4
-1,6
7,4
-(0,115z +0,450y)
z = - 3,9y
y = -10 z = 39
20/80
26/3/2011
(-10,39)
Z
1,6
-7,4
+
-1,6
7,4
(10,-39)
LN
y
z
-7,4
1,6
-1,6
7,4
LN
21/80
26/3/2011
50 * (20) 3
= 33,333cm 4
12
My
Mz
9.000
14.400
*z+
* y
33.333
208.333
( y , z ) =
*z+
* y
Iz
Iy
( y , z ) =
Ponto
A
B
C
D
y
10
10
-10
-10
z
25
-25
-25
25
-(0,07z +0,27y)
(y,z)
-4,45
-0,95
4,45
0,95
z = - 3,86y
y = -10 z = 38,6
(-10,38,6)
Z
0,95
-4,45
z
-4,45
Y
0,95
+
4,45
-0,95
-0,95
4,45
LN
(10,-38,6)
LN
22/80
26/3/2011
Z
D
3m
3m
A
Y
30
300kN
B
300kN
10
VA = 900kN
z
50kN/m
x
900kN.cm
300kN
x/2
x/2
10 * (30) 3
= 22.500cm 4
12
Iz =
30 * (10) 3
90.000
22.500
= 2.500cm 4 ( y , z ) =
*z+
* y
12
2.500
22.500
(y,z) = 1z -36y
Ponto
A
B
C
D
23/80
y
5
5
-5
-5
z
15
-15
-15
15
(y,z)
-165
-195
165
195
26/3/2011
0 = z 36y
z = 36y
y = -1 z = -36
(-10,38,6)
Z
195
-165
z
-165
-195
195
-195
165
165
LN
LN
24/80
26/3/2011
100kN/m
20
100kN
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
C
200kN
B
10
RzA
RzB
RyA
RyB
Y
100kN
Y)
MyA = 0
Z)
MzA = 0
100*4 - RzB*6 = 0
RyB = 66,67kN
RyA = 33,33kN
166,67kN
Vz
+
B
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
1m
33,33 kN
66,67kN
Vy
33,33kN
25/80
26/3/2011
200kN
My(C)
A
X-1
X
166,67kN
33,33
Mz(C)
A
X-4
100kN
X
Mz(C) = 33,33*x - 100*(x-1)
Mmaximo = 144,34kN*m
144,34kN.m
2m
Mz
+
26/80
26/3/2011
Iy =
10 * (20) 3
= 6.667cm 4
12
Iz =
20 * (10) 3
6.667
3.335
= 1.667cm 4 ( y , z ) =
*z +
* y
12
1.667
6.667
Ponto
A
B
C
D
y
5
5
-5
-5
z
10
-10
-10
10
0 = 0,5z 4y
(y,z)
-15
-25
15
25
z = 8y
y = -5 z = -40
(5,40)
Z
y
25
-15
-15
-25
25
-25
15
15
(-5,-40)
LN
LN
27/80
26/3/2011
y
Z
100kN
40
3m
100kN
C
200kN
N(x) = -100kN
My(x) = -300 + 100*x
Mz(x) = 600 200*x
Iy =
[0,3]
[0,3]
[0,3]
(cm)
20 * (40) 3
= 106.667cm 4
12
Iz =
40 * (20) 3
= 26.667cm 4
12
(y,z) = N + M
Momentos
Norma
l
( y,z) =
N My
Mz
+
*z
* y Espresso Geral
A Iy
Iz
Momento no engaste
( y,z) =
B
20
100
60000
30000
+
*z
* y
20 * 40 106.667
26.667
Norma
l
28/80
26/3/2011
Ponto
A
B
C
D
y
10
-10
z
80,84
-79,96
y
10
10
-10
-10
z
20
-20
-20
20
(y,z)
-17,03
-28,23
16,77
27,97
(10, 80,84)
Z
27,97
y
-17,03
-15
y
-25
25
-28,23
16,77
15
(-10, -79,96)
LN
LN
29/80
26/3/2011
10kN/m
P
D
P
50
4m
C
B
10
Na situao de momento mximo, qual o valor de P para que a de trao no exceda 0,30kN/cm2 .
M max =
p * l 2 10 * 4 2
=
= 20kN .m = 2.000kN .cm
8
8
( y,z) =
P
2000
P
z = 0,01914 z
A 104.467
A
Iy =
z = + 25
10 * (50) 3
= 104.467cm 4
12
max = + 0,4786kN/cm2
-0,4786
-P/A = -0,2
-0,7
25
25
0,3
-P/A = -0,2
0,4786
z = -10
30/80
26/3/2011
(cm)
D
x
40
100kN
1,5m
1,5m
3m
400kN
B
20
(cm)
600kN
x/3
x/6
300kN
X/2
300kN
N = -400kN
Vz = 600kN
Vy = -600kN
My = -750 + 300*x/3 + 300*x/2
Iy =
( y,z) =
My = -750 + 250x
Mz = 1800 600*x
20 * (40) 3
= 106.667cm 4
12
Iz =
em x = 1,5 = -355kN
em x = 1,5 = 900kN
40 * (20) 3
= 26.667cm 4
12
400
90.000
35.500
+
*z
* y (y,z) = - 0,5 + 0,3328z 3,374y
20 * 40 106.667
26.667
Linha Neutra
(y,z) = 0
31/80
z = 1,52 + 10,30y
z
104,52
-101,48
26/3/2011
y
10
10
-10
-10
z
20
-20
-20
20
(y,z)
-96,844
-110,156
95,844
109,156
(10; 104,52)
Z
y
109,2
-96,84
-96,84
y
109,2
+
-110,2
95,84
(-10; -101,48)
-110,2
95,84
LN
LN
32/80
26/3/2011
()
(x)
z
y
x
dx
+ d
M + dM
dx
b
bdx = d
dx
M ( x)
zdA
I
A
bdx = d
M ( x)
zdA
I A
dM ( x)
1
=
*
zda d
dx
b * I A
bdx = d
M
Derivao da
fora
cortante V(x)
V ( x) * M
V ( x) * Q
ou
b* I
t*I
33/80
26/3/2011
Z
D
h
( z) =
h/2
Y
V ( x) * M& ( z )
b*I
V ( x ) &
* M ( z)
b*I
( z) =
C
Ribler captulo 7
1h
V ( x ) h
* b * z * z + z
22
b*I 2
(z) =
DISTNCIA
REA
V ( x) b h
2
*
*
b * I 2 2
(z) =
h
2
( ) = 0
2
V ( x) h
* z 2
(z) =
2 * I 2
h
2
( ) = 0
(0) = Mx
(z)
Mx =
z
3/2 *V/A
V ( x) h 2
=
*
2* I 4
V ( x) * h 2
3 V
3 V
= *
= *
3
b*h 2 b*h 2 A
8 *
12
h
2
h
2
2
2
V ( x) h
b * V ( x) 2 h
2
dz
V = ( z )da = ( z )dydz = ( z )dydz = b ( z )dz = b
z dz =
2
*
I
2
2
*
I
2
h b
h
h
h
2 2
b * V ( x) h
z 3 b * V ( x) h 3 h 3 h 3 h 3 b * V ( x) h 3 h 3 b * V ( x) h 3 * (3 1)
*
=
* =
*
z =
2 * I 2
3
2* I
2* I
2* I
12
4 12
8 24 8 24
2
b * V ( x ) 2h 3
b * h3
1
= V ( x) *
= V ( x)
2* I
12
b * h3
12
12
34/80
V = V(x) OK
26/3/2011
Z
A
10kN/m
40
C
(m)
1m
3m
B
20
(cm)
V(x) = 20 10x
20kN
20 10x
10
20kN
V(1) = 10kN
b * h 3 20 * 40 3
I=
=
= 106667cm 4
12
12
(z) =
10
* 20 2 z 2
2 *106667
20
(+)
_
(-)
(20) = (-20) = 0
3
10
max ima (0) = *
= 0,01875kN / cm 2
2 20 * 40
0,019kN/cm2
35/80
26/3/2011
Alma inferior
10
30
25
10
10
V = 100kN
(15 z ) * z + 1 * (15 z )
I = 85.000cm4
(15 z ) * z + 15 z
2 2
(15 z ) * z + 15
2 2
1
* (15 z ) * (15 + z )
2
Zcg = 25cm
(z) = 25cm
a) (z) mesa
z = 15
10
z
Alma superior
z=5
100
1
* 30 * (15 z ) * z + * (15 z )
30 * 85.000
2
100
1
2
z =
* * (15 z )
85.000 2
5
1
* 15 2 z 2 =
z =
* 15 2 z 2
8500
1.700
z =
(5) = 0,12kN/m2
(0) = 0
36/80
26/3/2011
b) Alma inferior
z
100 10
2
z =
* * (25 z )
85.000 2
1
z =
* 25 2 z 2
1.700
(25) = 0
(0) = 0,37 kN/cm2
25
C) Alma Superior
Alma
superior
z =
100
30
2
* 30 *10 * (10) + * (5 z )
85.000
2
rea da
mesa, fixa
1
* [3000 + 15 * (25 z 2 )]
85.000
3000
5 =
= 0,35kN / cm 2
85.000
z =
0,35 kN/cm2
3000 + 375
0 =
= 0,37 kN / cm 2
85.000
0,12kN/cm2
0,35 kN/cm2
0,37 kN/cm2
0,37 kN/cm2
15
Vmesa =
30
15 2 z 2 dz
1700 5
15
b ( z )dz
5
z 2+1
z3
5 (15 z )dz 225z 2 + 1 = 225z 3
15
Vmesa =
30 15
z3
* 5 225 z
1700
3
37/80
26/3/2011
16/03
g(x)
dx
la
z
e1
e2
z
( )
+ d
M + dm
38/80
26/3/2011
var ivel
fixa
6447
448 6447448
2
V
V
h + e1 e2 h
2
(z) =
* M ( z) =
* la * e1 *
+ * z
e2 * I
e2 * I
4243 2 2
1442
1
4
4
2
4
4
3
aba
alma
alma
( x, y ) =
la
V
V
h + e
* M (z) =
* y * e1 * 2 1
e1 * I
e1 * I 2
Item 7.5
39/80
26/3/2011
50
5m
R = 50kN
M = -125kN*m
V(x) = ?
M(x) = -125 + 50*x
125kN.m
V(x) = 50 10*x
[0,5]
30 * (2 )3
2 * (50) 3
2
I = 2 *
+ 30 * 2 * (26 ) +
= 101993cm 4
12
12
Calcular nas abas e na alma para o engaste.
X=0
V(0) = 50
M(0) = -125
a) Alma
aba
48 2
647
50
(z) =
* M (z) =
*
30
*
2
*
26 + * 25 2 z 2
43
balma * I
2
2 *102 *10 5 142
fixa
] = 24,5 *10
[1560 + (25 2 z 2 )]
(0) = 0,54kN/cm2
(25) = 0,38kN/cm2
z
0,38
0,54
40/80
26/3/2011
V
baba * I
15
y
(15) = 0
(0) = 0,20kN/cm2
+
0,20
_
0,20
Exerccio
z
10
y
(m)
20kN/m
40
2m
(cm)
20
10
1m
20
Va
Vb = 10kN
41/80
Va = 30kN
26/3/2011
2m
20kN
M(x) = -10x + k
M(4) = -40 + k = 0
k + 40
(16) = -0,08kN/cm2
(-34) = 0,17kN/cm2
-0,08
Compresso
Trao
16
34
0,17
42/80
26/3/2011
Mesa:
V
* M (z)
b*I
10
50
( z) =
* * 16 2 z 2
50 * 196 E 3 2
2
2
( z ) = 0,025E 3 * 16 z
( z) =
(16) = 0
(6) = -5,5*10-3 kN*cm2
Alma Inferior:
10
10
* * 34 2 z 2
50 * 196 E 3 2
2
2
( z ) = 0,005 E 3 * 5 * 34 z
( z) =
[ (
(34) = 0
(0) = -0,029 kN*cm2
)
)]
5,5E-3kN/cm2
28E-3 kN/cm2
Alma Superior:
(z) =
10
10
* (500 ) * (11) * 1 * * 6 2 z 2
1
4
2
4
3
50 * 196 E 3
2
mesa
29E-3 kN/cm2
(0,005 z) zdydz
exerccio.
34 5
43/80
26/3/2011
dz
b
dx
z
z
sen(2 ) = 2sen cos
xz
dz
dx
cos(2 ) + 1
2
= cos
2
ds
44/80
26/3/2011
= ()
(I)
d x z
=
* ( 2 sen(2 ) ) + xz * (2 cos(2 ) ) = 0
d 2
x z
* sen(2 ) = xz * cos(2 )
2
sen(2 )
xz
(II)
= tg (2 ) =
cos(2 )
x z
a = xz
x z
b=
sem(2) = a / c
cs(2) = b / c
x z
c = xz +
max imo
tan(2) = a / b
x z x z
xz * (xz )
x + z 2 2
=
*
+
2
2
2
x z
x z
2
2
xz +
xz +
2
2
A)
x z
x z
2
* xz +
2
2
2
x z
2 *
2
x z
xz +
x z
xz + xz +
2
2
2 xz
x z
2 xz +
max
min
x + z
x z
2
*
xz +
2 43
2
142
14442444
3
centro
Raio masimo
45/80
26/3/2011
Exerccio:
1000
Mc = ?
Vc = ?
I=?
5m
RV = 100kN
5m
100kN
M = 1000 kN.m
Mc = -1000 + 100*x
Z
A
Mc = 500kN*m = 50.000kN*m
40
Vc = 100kN [0,10]
I=
b * h 3 12 * 40 3
=
= 64000cm 4
12
12
Tenso = p*xz*p
B
12
(cm)
max p e ngulo
cisalhamento
mximo
da
seo
xz p =
p = 0 (L.N.)
z =
}
3
2
15,6kN/cm2
*
Mz
(50.000)
=
z = 0,78 z
I
64.000
V 3 (100)
= *
= 0,31kN / cm 2
A 2 40 * 12
V
100
12
* M ( z) =
*
20 2 z 2
b*I
12 * 64.000 2
( z ) = 0,00078(20 2 z 2 )
(0) = 0,00078(400) = 0,31kN / cm 2
( z) =
-15,6kN/cm2
xz
tan max (2 ) =
P
x = z = 0
xz
=
x z
2 = 90 + s = infinito em 90
46/80
0
= 45
26/3/2011
max
x z
x z
2
+ xz +
2
14424243
max =
min
raio ( max)
P
min
max
PV
polo
max = xz
PV
0,31
45
0,3
1
PH
R = 0,31
0,31
0,31
PV PH = Polo
x + z x z
+
* cos(2 ) + xz * sen(2 )
2 2
(45) = xz
47/80
PH = (0{; 0{
,31)
45
-0,31
PV = (0{; 0{
,31)
26/3/2011
Exerccio:
1000
x
C
Mc = ?
Vc = ?
I=?
5m
RV = 100kN
5m
100kN
M = 1000 kN.m
Mc = -1000 + 100*x
Mc = -500kN*m = -50.000kN*m
40
Vc = 100kN [0,10]
Y
10
b * h 3 12 * 40 3
I=
=
= 64000cm 4
12
12
P p = ?
12
xz*p = ?
(cm)
(10) =
( 10) =
Mz
(50.000)
=
* 10 = 7,8kN / cm 2
I
64.000
V
100
12
* M (z) =
*
20 2 10 2 = 0,23kN / cm 2
b*I
12 * 64.000 2
x = -7,8
z = 0
PV
polo
max
3,8
92
0,23
= 0,06
7,8
2
2max~= -40
max ~= -2
tan(2 ) max =
PH
-7,8
7,8
7,8
2
max =
(0,23) +
= 3,9 3,9
min
2
2
max = 0
min = - 7,8
2
2
7,8
PV (-7,8 ; 0,23 )
PH ( 0 ; 0,23 )
PV PH = Polo
0,23
0,23
48/80
26/3/2011
7,8
P
w(x) = -M(x)/E*I
w(x)
l
2 = w(x)
w (x) = Deslocamento
w(x) = Rotao
M ( x)
E*I
P * (l x)
P
w(x) =
=
* (l x)
E*I
E*I
P
x2
w(x) =
* (lx
+ K1) ROTAO
E*I
2
P
lx 2 x 3
w( x) =
*(
+ K1x + K 2) DESLOCAMENTO
E*I
2
6
w(x) =
CLCULO DE K1 e K2
Condio de contorno (C.C.)
w (0) = 0
w(0) = 0
0
2
P
l0
0
*(
+ K1x + K 2) K 2 = 0
E*I
2
6
P
02
w(x) =
* (l 0
+ K1) = K1 = 0
E*I
2
w(0) =
49/80
26/3/2011
w( x) =
w(l ) =
P
l2
P *l2
* (l * l ) =
E*I
2
2* E * I
Flecha mxima
E*I = Constante
w(l/2)
q * x2
M ( x) = q * l * x
2
2
q
x
w(x) =
* ( l * x)
E*I
2
q
x3 l * x2
w(x) =
+ K1)
*(
E*I
6
2
q
x4 l * x3
w( x) =
*(
+ K1x + K 2)
E * I 24
6
Condio de contorno
w(0) = 0 K2 = 0
w(l) = 0
w(l/2) = 0
l3 l3
* + K1 = 0
48 8
5l 3
1 1
K1 = l 3 * K1 =
48
8 48
l
q
w( ) =
2
E*I
w( x) =
q x 4 l * x 3 5l 3 * x
+
E * I 24
6
48
l
q l4
l * l 3 5l 3 * l
w( ) =
+
2
E * I 24 * 2 4 6 * 2 3 48 * 2
l
13 * q * l 4
w( ) =
2
384 * E * I
50/80
26/3/2011
w(x)
a
P*a
_
M1(x) = P*(x-a)
M2(x) = 0
[0,a]
[a,2a]
M 1( x)
P
=
* ( a x)
E*I
E*I
x2
P
* (ax
w1' ( x) =
+ K1)
E*I
2
P
ax 2 x 3
w1( x) =
*(
+ K 1 * x + K 2)
E*I
2
6
w1' ' ( x) =
Condio de Contorno
w1(0) = 0;
w(0) = 0
w(0) K2 = 0
w(0) K1 = 0
a * x2 x3
*
6
2
M 2( x)
w2' ' ( x) =
=0
E*I
w2' ( x) = K 3
w2( x ) = K 3 x + K 4
w1( x) =
P
E*I
[0,a]
51/80
26/3/2011
P
E*I
(I)
(II)
a3 a3
* = K 3 * a + K 4
6
2
P * a3
= K3* a + K 4
3* E * I
(II)
P
E*I
2 a2
* a = K 3
2
P *a2
= K3
2* E * I
P * a3
K4 =
K3
3* E * I
K4 =
P * a3
P * a 2 * a P * a 3 (2 3)
P * a3
=
=
3* E * I 2 * E * I
6* E * I
6* E * I
52/80
26/3/2011
2a
a
qa2
qa
qa
M1(x) = q*a*x [0,a]
( x a) 2
M 2( x ) = *a * x q
2
q
* ( x 2 2ax + a 2 )
2
q * x2
q *a2
M 2( x ) = q * a * x
+ q*a* x
2
2
2
2
q*x
q*a
[a,2]
M 2( x ) =
+ 2*q*a* x
2
2
M 2( x ) = q * a * x
w1(x)
w2(x)
q*a* x
E*I
q * a * x2
w1' ( x) =
+ K1
2* E * I
q * a * x3
w1' ( x) =
+ K1 * x + K 2
6* E * I
x2
q
a2
w2' ' ( x) =
* 2 * a * x +
E*I 2
2
w1' ' ( x) =
x3
a2 * x
* a * x 2 +
+ K 3
2
6
4
3
2
2
q x
a*x
a *x
w2( x) =
*
+
+ K 3 * x + K 4
E * I 24
3
4
w2' ( x) =
q
E*I
w1(0) = 0 K2 = 0
w1(a) = w2(a)
(I)
w1(a) = w2(a)
(II)
w2(2a) = 0
(III)
53/80
26/3/2011
q * a * a3
q
+ K1 * a =
6* E * I
E*I
q *a *a2
q
+ K1 =
2* E * I
E*I
q
E*I
a4 a * a3 a2 * a2
+
+ K 3 * a + K 4
3
4
24
x3
a2 * a
* a * a 2 +
+ K 3
2
6
4 * a3
*
4 * a 3 + a 3 + K 3 = 0
3
K3 = 3* a3
(I)
(II)
(III)
4 * a3 5* a3
=
3
3
q * a * a2
q x3
a 2 * a 5 * a3
2
+ K1 =
* a * a +
+
E * I 6
2* E * I
2
3
q * a3
q * a 3 1 6 + 3 + 10 q * a 3 4
+ K1 =
*
*
=
2* E * I
E*I
6
E*I 3
K1 =
4 * q * a3
q * a3
8 * q * a 3 + 3 * q * a 3 11 * q * a 3
+
=
=
3* E * I 2 * E * I
6* E * I
6* E * I
(K1) em (I)
q *a4
11 * q * a 3
q
+
*a =
6* E * I
6* E * I
E*I
q * a4
11 * q * a 4
q
+
=
6* E * I
6* E * I
E*I
q *a4
11 * q * a 4 q * a 4
+
=
6* E * I
6* E * I
E*I
5 39 K 4
= +
3 24 a 4
a4 a * a3 a2 * a2 5* a3
*
+
+
* a + K 4
3
4
3
24
x4 a4 a4 5* a4
*
+
+
+ K 4
4
3
24 3
1 1 1 5 K4
* + + + 4
24 3 4 3 a
K4 1
=
24
a4
54/80
K4 =
a4
24
26/3/2011
*
+
+
* a +
24
3
4
3
24
2 4 * a 4 a * 23 * a 3 a 2 * 2 2 * a 2 5 * a 3 * 2 * a
q
a4
*
+
+
* a +
flecha = w2( x) =
E * I 24
3
4
3
24
q
w2( x) =
E*I
16a 4 8a 4 4 * a 4 10 * a 4
a4
*
+
+
* a +
3
4
3
24
24
q * a 4 16 64 + 24 + 80 + 1
w2( x) =
*
E*I
24
w2( x) =
q
E*I
w2( x) =
19 * q * a 4
FLECHA
8* E * I
13/04/09
q
HB
M
VA
FH = 0 HA = 0
FV = 0
VA + VB = q*l
2
q *l
q *l2
M A = 0 M + V B * l
= 0 M + VB * l =
2
2
M ( x)
w' ' ( x) =
E*I
q*l2
M ( x) = M + V A * x
2
Equao da linha elstica
1
q * x2
* M Va * x +
w' ' ( x) =
2
E * I
Va * x 2 q * x 3
* Mx
+
+ K1
2
6
2
3
4
Mx
1
Va * x
q*x
w( x) =
*
+
+ K 2
E*I 2
6
24
w' ( x) =
W(l) = 0
1
E*I
1
E*I
Ml 2 Va * l 3 q * l 4
*
+
6
24
2
55/80
(1)
(2)
w(0) = 0
K1 = 0
w (0) = 0
K2 = 0
= 0
(3)
26/3/2011
VB
M
2
V = q * l M V = q * l q * l + M * l
(2) VB =
B
A
l
2
l
2
VA =
q *l M
M *l2 q *l M l3 q *l2
+
substituindo em (3)
+ * +
=0
2
l
2
l 6
24
2
=
+
=
2
6
12
24
3
24
M =
q*l2
8
q *l M q *l q *l 5*q *l
+
=
+
=
2
l
2
8
8
3* q *l
VB =
8
VA =
q
q
HB
M
FH = 0 HA = 0
VA
FV = 0
VA + VB = (q*l)/2
q*l 2* L
q *l2
M A = 0 M + V B * l
*
= 0 M + VB * l =
2
3
3
w' ' ( x) =
2*l/3
l/3
VB
(1)
(2)
q*x
* x
q' q
q*x
q * x2
l
= q' ( x) =
Rx =
=
x l
l
2
2*l
M ( x)
E*I
q * x2 2* x
*
2*l 3
q * x3
M ( x) = M + V A * x
3*l
M ( x) = M + V A * x
56/80
q
x
26/3/2011
1
q * x3
* M V A * x +
w' ' ( x) =
3l
E*I
Va * x 2 q * x 4
* Mx
+
+ K1
2
12 * l
2
3
5
Mx
1
Va * x
q*x
w( x) =
*
+
+ K 2
E*I 2
6
60 * l
w' ( x) =
1
E*I
W(l) = 0
1
E*I
Ml 2 Va * l 3 q * l 4
*
+
6
60
2
w(0) = 0
K1 = 0
w (0) = 0
K2 = 0
= 0
(3)
(1) VA = (q*l)/2 - VB
q*l2
M
3
V = q * l M (4)
(2) VB =
B
l
3
l
q *l q *l M
VA =
+
2
3
l
VA =
q *l M
(5)
+
6
l
Substituindo em 3
M *l2 q *l M l3 q *l4
+ * +
=0
2
l 6
60
6
M * l 2 M * l 4 M * l 2 q * l 4 2M * l 2 M * l 4
M *l2 M *l4
=
+
=
=0
2
36
6
60
36
90
3
90
M =
q*l2
30
VA =
q * l M q * l q * l 2 5 * q * l + q * l 6 * q8l q * l
+
=
+
=
=
=
6
l
6
30 * l
30
30
5
VB =
q * l q * l 2 (10 1) * q * l 9 * q * l 3 * q * l
=
=
=
3
30 * l
30
30
10
57/80
26/3/2011
p
HB
MA
VA
FH = 0 HA = 0
(1)
FV = 0
VA + VB - p = 0
M A = 0 M A + V B * l p * 2 * l = 0 M + V B * l = 2 * p * l
M1(x) [0,l]
M2(x) [l,2*l]
1
E*I
W1(l) = 0
M * x2
*
2
1
E*I
(2)
(3)
V * x2
1
w1' ( x) =
* M A x A
+ K1
E*I
2
w( x) =
VB
VA * x 3
+ K 2
6
w1(0) = 0
K1 = 0
w1 (0) = 0
K2 = 0
MA =
Va * l
(4)
3
M * l 2 Va * l 3
=0
* A
6
2
VA * l
V
+ V B * l p * l = 0 VB = A + 2 * p
3
3
V
2 *VA
V
substituindo em (2) V A + A + 2 * p = p V A A + 2 * p = p
+ 2* p = p
3
3
3
substituindo em (3)
VA =
3* p
2
VB =
5* p
3* p
+ 2 * p VB =
2
2*3
MA =
p *l
3* p l
* MA =
2
2
3
58/80
26/3/2011
Pede-se a) A flexa
B) Flecha mxima no vo ()
p/a
p
p
Hc
p
B
A
a
FH = 0 HC = 0
VB
VA
FV = 0
VA + VB + VC = p/a * 2a = 2*p
p
MA = 0 VB * a + Vc * 2 * a * 2 * a * a = 0 VB + VC = 2 * P
(3)
a
M(x)
(1)
M ( x) = V A * z
1
p * x2
* V A * x
w1' ' ( x) =
2*a
E*I
p
x
p * x2
[0,a]
* x * M 1( x) = V A * x
a
2
2*a
V * x 2 p * x3
* A
+ K1 (deslocamento)
6*a
2
3
4
V * x
1
p*x
w( x) =
* A
+ K1x + K 2
(rotao)
E*I 6
24 * a
C.C.
W1(0) K2 = 0
w1' ( x) =
1
E*I
W1 (a/2) = 0
a
1
W 1' ( ) =
2
E*I
p * a 2 VA * a 2
+ K1 = 0
8
48
p * a 3 VA * a 3
1
*
+
+ K1 * a = 0
E * I 24
6
(4)
(5)
p * a 2 VA * a 2
+ K1 = 0
48
8
(-a)
3
V *a
p*a
A
+ K1 = 0
24
6
59/80
26/3/2011
VC
l
(2)
+
+ K1 = 0
24
48
6
8
3
p * a3
4 + 3 p*a
VA * a 3
=
48
24
24
3
3
VA * a
p*a
=
VA = p/2
24
48
K1 =
VC = p/2
VB = P
2
VA * a 2 p * a 3 p * a 2 p * a 2
3 1 p * a
= p *a2 *
=
8
48
16
48
24
48
p * x4 p * x3 p * a 2
12
48
24 * a
p * a3
1
a
p * a3 p * a2 a
*
W 1( ) =
2
96
24
2
E * I 384 * a
W 1( x) =
1
E*I
3
a
1
1 4 + 8 5 * p * a
W 1( ) =
Flecha
* p * a3 *
=
E*I
2
384 384 * E * I
60/80
26/3/2011
FLAMBAGEM
M ( x) = P * w( x)
w(x)
E*I =Cte
M ( x)
curvatura
E*I
P * w( x)
w( x)" =
E*I
P
w( x)"+
* w( x) = 0
E*I
w( x)" =
w( x)"+
P
w( x) = 0
E*I
P
=2
E*I
w( x)"+ 2 * w( x) = 0
w ( x )" = A * sen ( * x ) + cos( * x )
A e B constantes
w( x)' = A * B * cos( * x) B * * sen( * x)
w( x)" = A * 2 * sen( * x) B * 2 * cos( * x)
61/80
26/3/2011
n *
h
P
n *
=
E*I
h
2
P
n * 2
=
E*I
h2
n2 * 2 * E * I
P=
h2
E * I * 2 E * I * 2
Pcrtico =
=
h2
( h) 2
Comprimento da
flambagem
62/80
26/3/2011
w(x)
E*I =Cte
w( x) = A * sen( * x) + B cos( * x)
M ( x) = P * w( x)
M ( x)
w( x)" =
curvatura
E*I
P * w( x)
w( x)" =
E*I
P
w( x)"+
* w( x) = 0
E*I
w(0) = 0 B = 0
w(h)' = 0
w( x) = A * sen( * x)
w( x)' = A * * cos( * x)
w( x)' = A * * cos( * h)
cos(*h) = 0
Ento *h = (n * ) (n = 1,3,5,7............)
P
n *
*h =
E*I
2
2
P
n * 2
2
*h =
E*I
22
n2 * 2 * E * I
P=
4 * h2
E * I * 2
Pcrtico =
(2 * h) 2
Comprimento da
flambagem
63/80
26/3/2011
P
w(x)
Rv
x
M ( x ) = P * w ( x ) + Rv * x
M ( x)
curvatura
E*I
1
(P * w ( x ) + Rv * x )
w ( x )" =
E*I
P
Rv
w ( x )" +
* w( x) =
*x
E*I
E*I
w ( x )" =
E*I =Cte
Rh
P
Rv
2
2 =
*x
w( x)"+ * w( x) =
E*I
E*I
w( x) =
H
Homognea
+ wP
Particular
wH ( x) = A * sen( * x) + B * cos( * x)
wP ( x) = Cx + D
wP ' ( x) = C
wP " ( x ) = 0
2 * (Cx + D ) =
Rv
*x
E*I
Rv
C 2 * x + D =
*x
E*I
D=0
Rv
C 2 =
E*I
Rv
Rv
C=
=C =
2
E*I *
P
E * I *
E*I
Rv
C=
P
Rv
wP ( x ) =
*x
P
Rv
w( x) = A * sen( * x) + B * cos( * x)
*x
P
64/80
26/3/2011
Rv * h
=0
P
Rv * h
(1)
P
w' (h) = 0
Rv
P
Rv
w' (h) A * * cos( * h)
=0
P
Rv
(2)
A * * cos( * h) =
P
Rv * h
1
A * sen( * h)
=
= P
Rv
2 A * * cos( * x)
P
tg ( * h)
=h
tg()
tg ( * h) = h *
w' (h) A * * cos( * x)
tg*h
*h = ? 0
~= 4,49rad
P
* h = 4,49
E*I
Pcrtico
* h 2 = 20,16
E*I
20,16 * E * I 2,04 * 2 * E * I
Pcrtico =
=
h2
h2
2 *E*I 2 *E*I
Pcrtico =
=
0,49 * h 2
(0,7 * h) 2
65/80
26/3/2011
h/4
E*I =Cte
h/2
h/4
Pcrtico =
2 *E*I
(0,5 * h) 2
66/80
26/3/2011
3000kN
40 * 12 3
Iy =
= 5.760cm 4 = 5,76 * 10 5 m 4
12
12 * 40 3
Iz =
= 64.000cm 4 = 6,4 * 10 4 m 4
12
E = 30GPa = 30 * 10 6 kN / m 2
z
y
E * Iy = 1,73 * 10 3 kN * m 2
h
E * Iz = 192 * 10 2 = 1,92 * 10 4 kN * m 2
Pcrtico =
2 *E*I
(l f )
E*I
Pcrtico
lf = *
E=30GPa
1,73 * 10 3
l fy = *
= 2,39m
3 * 10 3
l fz = *
1,92 * 10 4
= 7,95m
3 *10 3
2 *E*I
(l f )
2 * 1,73 * 10 3
(3,5)
67/80
26/3/2011
b*
= bmadeira *
E madeira
20
b* = 20 *
= 2cm
E Ao
200
Novo CG.
M 1 figura1
20
M 2 figura 2
20 * 2 * 1+ 60 * 2 * 32
40 + 120
3.880
=
= 24,3 24cm
160
z CG =
z CG
LR
2
60
FIGURA02
20 * 2 3
2 * 60 3
Iz =
+ 40 * 23 2 +
+ 120 * 8 2 Iz = 64.853cm 4 = 6,49 *10 4 cm 4
12
12
c) Distribuio das tenses normais na viga ao+madeira:
Trao na parte inferior = 150kN*m = 15.000kN*cm
M
1,5 * 10 4
(z) = * z =
* z = 0,23 * z
I
6,49 * 10 4
kN
(24) = 5,6 2 (+)Trao
cm
kN
(38) = 8,7 2 ()Compresso
cm
ao+madeira
kN
(22) = 5,1 2
cm
( z ) 20
=
n = 0,1
M (z) = n * A (z) n = M
A ( z ) 200
8,7 kN/cm2
38
24
5,6 kN/cm2
0,87kN/cm2
38
M ( z ) = 0,1 * A ( z )
= *
A = A * A
A = M
A M
A
22
5,1kN/cm2
24
2
5,6kN/cm
M
EM
M =
* A
A
68/80
26/3/2011
0,51kN/cm2
2/3
331kN
38 * 0,87
=
* 20 331kN
2
25,3cm
0,51 * 22
* 20 112kN
Rt Madeira =
2
= 326kN 331kN
Rt = 5,6 + 5,1 * 2 * 20 = 214kN
23cm
Ao
14,7cm
112kN
2/3
214kN
(cm)
*
M(z)
25
Cons tan te
V *
(z) =
* M ( z )
b* I
d'
LN
V
V b h
2
* z 2
(z) =
* * z ( z ) =
2 * I 2
b * I 2 2
z
mximo
h/2
69/80
26/3/2011
h/2
(equao da parbola)
mx = C
b=0
-(0,24/(25)2 = 3,85E4
M ( z ) = momento esttico de z
( z ) = 3,85 * 10 4 * (25 2 z 2 )
z + x
C=
(15) = 0,15kN/cm2
R = mx
polo
max
min
max
min
x + z
=
= xz
tg (2 ) =
x + z
2
+
2
xz
x + z
tg(2) = 0
PH
2 = 90
PV
= 45
h/2
V =b
( z )dz
h / 2
25
V = 200,2kN
(OK)
70/80
26/3/2011
5) Uma viga retangular de concreto armado de 22cm de base e 55cm de altura, est sujeita a um
momento de trao na parte inferior de 150kN*m.
Dados: tenso admissvel do ao 50kN/cm2; Tenso admissvel do concreto 2,5kN/cm2; altura til
d=50cm.
Hipteses de trabalho
Pede-se:
a) Ao e concreto solidrios, no h escorregamento.
Posio da linha neutra (x)
b) Concreto no resiste trao
Resultante de trao e compresso:
rea do ao.
A = 50kN/cm2
C = 2,5kN/cm2
55cm
50cm
150kN*m
F = 0
Rc
22cm
Rt = Rc
(s * As ) = c * x * b
2*x/3
c b
As = * * x.......(1)
s 2
Rt
As d*x
(s*As)
s = steel
M = 0
M = Rc * d ' (distncia.do.binrio )
c * x
2
M =
*b* * x + d x
2
3
x
c * 6
M =
*d
3
2
c * b * d
c * b 2
M =
* x
* x
2
6
c * b 2 c * b * d
* x
* x + M = 0 ( 2)
2
6
c = 2,5kN/m2
b = 22cm
71/80
d = 50cm
M = 15.000kN*cm
26/3/2011
1375
2 * 9,17
1.375 1.144
= 11,8 cm
18,34
As = 6,49cm2
b = 30 cm
x = 20 cm
Rt, Rc, Mmax
x
d
d' = (d x/3)
Rc = Rt
M = Rc * d
25 * (20)
* (30) = 750kN
2
Rt = Rc
Rt = (s*As)
s = steel
Rc =
As * s = 750
As = 750/50 = 15cm2
M = Rc * d
11/05/09
9) Para a estrutura abaixo, pede-se: a) A equao da lina neutra;
obs: fazer para o ponto de engaste;
300kN
Z
B
A
20kN/m
60
5m
3m
5m
100kN
D
20
(cm)
[0,10]
[0,5]
72/80
26/3/2011
[5,10]
No engaste: My = - 1000kN*m
Mz = 500kN*m
Iy = 20*(60)3 /12 = 360.000cm4 = 3,6E5cm4
Iz = 60*(20)3 /12 = 40.000cm4 = 4E10cm4
My
Mz
5E 4
10 E 5
*z
* y (y,z) = + 0,28z 1,25y
4E 4
3,6 E 5
* z +
( y , z ) =
* y
Iy
Iz
( y , z ) =
(y,z) = 0
0 = + 0,28z 1,25y
Ponto
A
B
C
D
Z
21
-4
z = 4,5y
y
30
30
-30
-30
(y,z)
z
-10
10
-10
10
21
-4
4
-21
-4
+
21
-21
-21
4
LN
9-b) Para a estrutura abaixo, pede-se: a) A equao da lina neutra; b) Distribuio das tenses normais
LN
obs: fazer para o ponto de engaste;
300kN
Z
B
A
60
20kN/m
5m
3m
5m
1000kN
100kN
D
20
(cm)
[0,10]
[0,5]
[5,10]
73/80
26/3/2011
My
Mz
* z +
( y , z ) =
* y
Iz
Iy
a) Equao da Linha Neutra
5E 4
10 E 5
*z
* y (y,z) = + 0,28z 1,25y
4E 4
3,6 E 5
( y , z ) =
(y,z) = 0
0 = + 0,28z 1,25y
Ponto
A
B
C
D
Z
21
-4
y
30
30
-30
-30
z = 4,5y
(y,z)
z
-10
10
-10
10
21
-4
4
-21
-4
+
21
-21
-21
4
LN
LN
74/80
26/3/2011
75/80
26/3/2011
76/80
26/3/2011
77/80
26/3/2011
78/80
26/3/2011
79/80
26/3/2011
80/80
26/3/2011