Buaya vs. Polo G.R. No. L-75079 ; January 26, 1989 Facts: Solemnidad Buaya i an in uran!

e a"en# o$ %ri&a#e !om%lainan# o$ 'oun#ry Ban(er )n uran!e 'or%ora#ion. *ri&a#e re %onden# Buaya, +a au#,ori-ed #o #ran a!# and under+ri#e in uran!e .u ine and !olle!# #,e !orre %ondin" %remium $or and in .e,al$ o$ #,e %ri&a#e re %onden#. /nder #,e #erm o$ #,e a"en!y a"reemen#, #,e %e#i#ioner i re0uired #o ma(e a %eriodi! re%or# and a!!oun#in" o$ ,er #ran a!#ion and remi# %remium !olle!#ion #o #,e %rin!i%al o$$i!e o$ %ri&a#e re %onden# lo!a#ed in #,e 'i#y o$ 1anila. 2lle"edly, an audi# +a !ondu!#ed on %e#i#ioner3 a!!oun# +,i!, ,o+ed a ,or#a"e. S,e +a !,ar"ed +i#, e #a$a .e$ore #,e Re"ional 4rial 'our# o$ 1anila. *ri&a#e re %onden# $iled a mo#ion #o di mi , alle"in" #,a# #,e Re"ional 4rial 'our# o$ 1anila ,a no 5uri di!#ion o&er #,e o$$en e in!e #,e !olle!#ion +a done in 'e.u 'i#y and #,e o$$en e !om%lained o$ i %urely !i&il in na#ure. 4,e R4' denied #,e mo#ion #o di mi . Issues: 16 7,e#,er or no# R4' 1anila ,a 5uri di!#ion o&er #,e !a e. 26 7,e#,er o$ no# #,e o$$en e !om%lained i %urely !i&il in na#ure, ,en!e +arran# #,e di mi al o$ #,e !riminal !a e. Ruling: 4,e Su%reme 'our# rei#era#ed #,a# #,e a&ermen# in #,e !om%lain# or in$orma#ion !,ara!#eri-e #,e !rime #o .e %ro e!u#ed and #,e !our# .e$ore +,i!, i# mu # .e #ried. 4,u , in order #o de#ermine #,e 5uri di!#ion o$ #,e !our# in !riminal !a e , #,e !om%lain# mu # .e e8amined $or #,e %ur%o e o$ a !er#ainin" +,e#,er or no# #,e $a!# e# ou# #,erein and #,e %uni ,men# %ro&ided $or .y la+ $all +i#,in #,e 5uri di!#ion o$ #,e !our# +,ere #,e !om%lain# i $iled. 4,e 5uri di!#ion o$ !our# in !riminal !a e i de#ermined .y #,e alle"a#ion o$ #,e !om%lain# or in$orma#ion, and no# .y #,e $indin" #,e !our# may ma(e a$#er #,e #rial.

9ur#,er, Se!#ion 1:;a6, Rule 110 o$ #,e Re&i ed Rule o$ 'our# %ro&ide < )n all !riminal = %ro e!u#ion #,e a!#ion ,all .e in #i#u#ed and #ried in #,e !our# o$ #,e muni!i%ali#y or %ro&in!e +,erein #,e o$$en e +a !ommi##ed or any o$ #,e e #oo( %la!e. 4,e u.5e!# in$orma#ion !,ar"e %e#i#ioner +i#, e #a$a !ommi##ed >durin" #,e %eriod 1980 #o June 15, 1982 in!lu i&e in the City of Manila, Philippines . . . .> 'learly #,en, $rom #,e &ery alle"a#ion o$ #,e in$orma#ion #,e Re"ional 4rial 'our# o$ 1anila ,a 5uri di!#ion. Be ide , #,e !rime o$ e #a$a i a !on#inuin" or #ran i#ory o$$en e +,i!, may .e %ro e!u#ed a# #,e %la!e +,ere any o$ #,e e en#ial elemen# o$ #,e !rime #oo( %la!e. ?ne o$ #,e e en#ial elemen# o$ e #a$a i dama"e or %re5udi!e #o #,e o$$ended %ar#y. and o$$i!e a# 1anila. 4,e ,e !olle!#ed alle"edly !au ed 4,e %ri&a#e re %onden# ,a i# %rin!i%al %la!e o$ .u ine $ailure o$ #,e %e#i#ioner #o remi# #,e in uran!e %remium dama"e and %re5udi!e #o %ri&a#e re %onden# in 1anila. 2 #o #,e e!ond i ue, #,e !on#en#ion #,a# #,e u.5e!# ma##er i %urely !i&il in na#ure, u$$i!e i# #o #a#e #,a# e&iden#iary $a!# on #,i %oin# ,a&e #ill #o .e %ro&ed. @illa$lor & . @i&ar 9a!# <2n in$orma#ion $or li",# %,y i!al in5urie +a $iled a"ai #Aindo @i&ar en#ial elemen# #,ereo$

$or .ea#in" Gian *aulo @i&ar ou# ide #,e 9a# 4uea day Bar. ?n ,i +ay ou#, Gian me# Aindo +,o #old #,a#ne8# #ime, ) +ill u e my "un on you. 4,e in5urie u #ained. y G i a n # u r n e d o u # # o . e m o r e !,ar"e $or li",# %,y i!al in5urie eriou +a #,an #,ey +i#,dra+n. 2no#,er in!e i# , a d a%%eared o an )n$orma#ion $or eriou %,y i!al in5urie +a $ i l e d a n d # , e )n$orma#ion $or "ra&e #,rea# +a $ileda"ain # @i&ar. @i&ar, in #ead o$ $ilin" a !oun#er a$$ida&i#, ,e$iled a 1o#ion #o Bua , #,e )n$orma#ion $or "ra&e #,rea#

+a made in !onne!#ion +i#, #,e !,ar"e o$ eriou %,y i!al in5urie

,ould ,a&e .een

a. or.ed .y #,e la##er,and .e!au e #,e !our# did no# a!0uire 5uri di!#ion o&er i#.14' denied #,e mo#ion #o 0ua ,. @i&ar $iled $or a mo#ion $orre!on idera#ion +,i!, +a a"ain denied. Ce +a arrai"nedand %leaded no# "uil#y. @i&ar $iled a %e#i#ion $or !er#iorari in#,e R4' R4' "ran#ed #,e mo#ion #o 0ua , and denied #,emo#ion $or re!on idera#ion $iled .y @illa$lor. @illa$lor $iled a%e#i#on $or !er#iorari +i#, #,e Su%reme 'our# .) ue <'an #,e !our# mo#u %ro%rio order #,e di mi # , e " r o u n d o $ l a ! ( o $ al o$ #,e ! a e o n

% r e l i m i n a r y in&e #i"a#ionD

S,ould #,e $ailure o$ #,e %u.li! %ro e!u#or #o !ondu!# %reliminary in&e #i"a#ion .e !on idered a "round #o0ua , #,e in$orma#ion D Celd< 4 , e ' o u r # r u l e d # , a # # , e a . e n ! e o $ a %reliminaryin&e #i"a#ion doe #,ei n $ o r m a # i o n . ) n # , e ! a % r e l i m i n a r y in&e #i"a#ion +a no# im%air #,e &alidi#y o$ e a .ar, a $or li",# %,y i!al in5urie +a !ondu!#ed

.y #,e a i #an# !i#y %ro e!u#or. Bu# #,e)n$orma#ion +a ,o+e&er amended +,en %e#i#ionerE in5urie #urned ou# #o .e more eriou . Co+e&er #,e! , a n " e i n # , e in$orma#ion +a o n l y a $ o r m a l amendmen# and did no# &iola#e #,e o$ 'riminal *ro!edure ri",# o$ @i&ar a"ain # ,a #y, mali!iou and o%%re i&e %ro e!u#ion, in!e i# #ill in&ol&e #,e ame $a!# .Se!#ion F, Rule 117 o$ #,e Re&i ed Rule %ro&ide #,e "round on +,i!, an a!!u ed!an mo&e #o 0ua , #,e !om%lain# or in$orma#ion.No+,ere in #,e rule men#ion o$ a la!( o$ %reliminaryi n & e # i " a # i o n a a "round $or a mo#ion #o 0ua ,.7,en a!!u ed $ailed #o a ri",#. er# a n y " r o u n d $ o r a mo#ion #o 0ua , .e$ore arrai"nmen#, ,e ,a deemed+ai&ed ,i