QP carter: structure ostormines Properion 7 Resonance In certain cases, molecules can be represent by mare than one reasonable Lewis structure that difer only in the location ofr electrons, Electrons ina bands have a fixed location and to they are said to be localised. In contrast, electrons that can be drawn in diflrent locations are said to be delocalized, Collectively these Lewis diagrams are then known as resonance structures or resonance contributors or resonance canonicals. The “eal” structure has characteristics of each af the contrbutors, and is often represented as the resonance hybrid (think ofa hybrid breed ‘which is a med breed). In a way, the resonance hybrid isa mixture ofthe contibutors (note that a resonance hybrid cannot normally be written as an individual Lewis diagram !) Pind acs aenaminit f wo "on You should be able to draw all reasonable resonance structures for a given organic molecule. Examoles. The best way to “derive” resonance structures is by leaming to “push” curly acraws and starting from a reasonable Lewis structure. Rules to remember for recognising resonance structures: + Atoms never move, + You ean enly move electrons in 1 bonds or lane pairs (that ae in p orbitals) + The averal charge ofthe system must remain the same, + The bonding framework of a molecule must remain intact. Ranking resonance structures (for 1st row atoms, in order of importance}: + Octet rule should be satisfied + Charge separation requires energy (think lectostatics) + Charge separation that is agains that predicted by olecronogativy, Here is an organic example. Note how the possible resonance structures are derived from the starting point by pushing curly arrows. 8 P ——~ Ty Intisexample,3 possote resonance structures of propanone neo HET “CHs are shown, Lie the most important since thas complete octets 1 1 I is mora inpontart han becausethe charges int a6 weet on, ‘tributed in acordance wit the eletorapavity (0 > C). 1 Now let's look at an inorganic example. Again the possible resonance structures are derived from the starting point by pushing curly Pog: —e BEE: pticeapeter oom ances 1 m IWisthe most ataurable_ It as no formal ated aac yt he Se {Sopmanexonple heretical ton Satie exponetooae). {and are nest favoutstla. Thay have fall possvas formal arg. ‘They are porn (etrow tecause they canbe woed englan thereacvay of 80, wh eleceophles tr nuclegpies (us) say 1 [Now would be a good time to chack out some questions ‘Stuture Mj east fvourable because Shas Saree dStoreGs etna nce GB