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Exercı́cio
O sistema na forma
matricial:
1 3 5 x1 0
Ax = b com A = 2 4 7 , x = x2 e b = 1 .
1 1 0 x3 −2
m A operações p
L1 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 1 1 0 3
m A operações p
L1 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 1 1 0 3
m A operações p
1
L1 2 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 1 1 0 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 1 1 0 3
L4 0 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
1
L3 2 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 0 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 0 −1 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
−1
L5 1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
U= , L = e Pb = .
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7
U= , L = e Pb = .
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = e Pb = .
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = e Pb = .
0 0 −2
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = e Pb = .
0 0 −2
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 1 0 e Pb = .
0 0 −2
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = .
0 0 −2
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = .
0 0 −2 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = .
0 0 −2 0, 5 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = .
0 0 −2 0, 5 −1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0 1
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = .
0 0 −2 0, 5 −1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0 1
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = 0 .
0 0 −2 0, 5 −1 1
m A operações p
L1 0, 5 1 3 5 1
L2 2 4 7 2
L3 0, 5 1 1 0 3
L4 0 1 1, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L1 1
L5 −1 0 −1 − 3, 5 − 0, 5 × L2 + L3 3
L6 0 0 −2 − (−1) × L4 + L5 3
2 4 7 1 0 0 1
U= 0 1 1, 5 , L = 0, 5 1 0 e Pb = 0 .
0 0 −2 0, 5 −1 1 −2
Fazendo Ux = y , Ly = Pb.
1
Então, Ux = −0, 5
−3
2 4 7 x1 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 x2 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 x3 −3
2 4 7 x1 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 x2 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 x3 −3
2 4 7 x1 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 x2 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 1, 5 −3
2 4 7 x1 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 x2 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 1, 5 −3
2 4 7 x1 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 − 2, 75 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 1, 5 −3
2 4 7 x1 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 − 2, 75 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 1, 5 −3
2 4 7 0, 75 1
Então, 0 1 1, 5 − 2, 75 = − 0, 5
0 0 −2 1, 5 −3
Resultado
1 3 5 0 0, 75
2 4 7 x = 1 ⇔ x = −2, 75 .
1 1 0 −2 1, 5
3
Y
t
det(A) = (−1) uii
i=1
3
Y
t
det(A) = (−1) uii
i=1
p linhas pivotais
0 2 1 3
3
Y
t
det(A) = (−1) uii
i=1
p linhas pivotais
0 2 1 3 trocar 2 com 1
1 1 2 3
3
Y
1
det(A) = (−1) uii
i=1
p linhas pivotais
0 2 1 3 trocar 2 com 1
1 1 2 3 ordem crescente
p linhas pivotais
0 2 1 3 trocar 2 com 1
1 1 2 3 ordem crescente
det(A) = 4
p linhas pivotais
0 2 1 3 trocar 2 com 1
1 1 2 3 ordem crescente
Formulário
∃v 6= 0 | Av = λv AA−1 = I
Qn
PA = LU det(A) = (−1)t i=1 uii
Formulário
Pn
∃v 6= 0 | Av = λv tr(A) = i=1 aii
Qn
PA = LU det(A) = (−1)t i=1 uii
2013–2018
c Manaı́ra Lima e Loı̈c Cerf
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