CONTINUIDAD DE FUNCIONES

1 Hallar a, para que f(x) sea continua en todo el dominio

2𝑥 + 3; 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 3 2𝑥 + 3; 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 3
𝑓(𝑥) = { }={ }
𝑥 + 𝑎; 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 3 𝑥 + 6; 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 > 3
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡í𝑛𝑢𝑎: lim 𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑧𝑞 = lim 𝑙𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑟

Analizar para x=3

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = lim+ 𝑓(𝑥)

𝑥→3− 𝑥→3

lim 2𝑥 + 3 = lim 𝑥 + 𝑎
𝑥→3 𝑥→3

2(3) + 3 = (3) + 𝑎
9 =3+𝑎

𝑎=6

𝑓1(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 3 → 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 3

𝑓2(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 6 → 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 6
 |𝑥|
2 Determinar si la función f(x) es contínua en el punto x=0 para 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥

𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡í𝑛𝑢𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑝0

lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑝0 )
𝑥→𝑝0

𝑓(𝑝0 ) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎; lim 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎

𝑥→𝑝0

𝑥
|𝑥 | , 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 0
𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 0 1, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 0
|𝑥 | = { ; = { 𝑥𝑥 ={
−𝑥, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 0 𝑥 −1, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 0
− , 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 0
𝑥
𝑓1(𝑥) = 1 ; 𝑦 = 1

𝑓2(𝑥) = −1 ; 𝑦 = −1
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑓(0)
𝑥→0

|𝑥 | |0|
lim =
𝑥→0 𝑥 0
|𝑥 | lim 1 , 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 0 1, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≥ 0
lim = { 𝑥→0 ={
𝑥→0 𝑥 lim −1 , 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 0 −1, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 < 0
𝑥→0

No es continua
3. Calcular M, para que la función sea contínua si:

√𝑥 2 + 7 − 4
𝑓(𝑥) = { 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6 ; 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≠ 3
𝑀; 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 3

𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑎:

√𝑥 2 + 7 − 4
lim = 𝑓(3)
𝑥→3 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6

√𝑥 2 + 7 − 4
lim =𝑀
𝑥→3 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6

Resolviendo limite

√𝑥 2 + 7 − 4 √16 − 4 0
𝐿 = lim 2 = =
𝑥→3 𝑥 − 𝑥 − 6 9−3−6 0
2
(√𝑥 2 + 7 − 4) (√𝑥 2 + 7 + 4) √𝑥 2 + 7 − 42
𝐿 = lim ∗ = lim
𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2) √𝑥 2 + 7 + 4 𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 2 + 7 + 4)

𝑥2 − 9 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3)
= lim = lim
𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 2 + 7 + 4) 𝑥→3 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 2 + 7 + 4)
(𝑥 + 3) 6 3
= lim = = =𝐿
𝑥→3 (𝑥 + 2)(√𝑥 2 + 7 + 4) 5 ∗ 8 20

3
=𝑀
20
DERIVADAS

Por definición:
𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
4. Hallar la derivada de: 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2

𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2; 𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) = √(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 2(𝑥 + ℎ) + 2

𝑓(𝑥 + ℎ) − 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ
(√(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 2(𝑥 + ℎ) + 2 − √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) (√(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 2(𝑥 + ℎ) + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)
= lim ∗
ℎ→0 ℎ √(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 2(𝑥 + ℎ) + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
2 2
(√(𝑥 + ℎ)2 + 2(𝑥 + ℎ) + 2) − (√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)

𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ + 2 − (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)
= lim
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2)

ℎ(2𝑥 + ℎ + 2) 2𝑥 + 2
lim =
ℎ→0 ℎ(√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥ℎ + ℎ2 + 2𝑥 + 2ℎ + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2) √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2 + √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
 (𝑥 + 1)
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2

Sol2:

𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 2
Regla de la cadena

𝑓 ′ (𝑢(𝑥)) = 𝑓 ′ ∗ 𝑢′ (𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑑𝑒 𝑠𝑢 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜

′ 1
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎: (√𝑥) =
2 √𝑥
1 ′ ′
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = ∗ (𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 2) ; (𝑓1(𝑥) + 𝑓2(𝑥 )) = 𝑓1′ (𝑥 ) + 𝑓2′(𝑥)
2√𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 2

𝑓2(𝑥 ) = 𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 2

𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑎: (𝑥 𝑛 )′ = 𝑛𝑥 𝑛−1 ; 𝑘 ′ = 0

𝑓2′ (𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 2−1 + 2 ∗ 1𝑥1−1 + 0 = 2𝑥 + 2

1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = ∗ (2𝑥 + 2)
2√𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 2
𝑥+1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) =
√𝑥2 + 2𝑥 + 2

5. Derivar:

𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1 − 2 ln (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1) 𝑆𝑜𝑙: 4√𝑥 2 − 1

′ 1 ′
𝑓 ′ (𝑥 ) = 2 (𝑥 (√𝑥 2 − 1) + (𝑥 )′ √𝑥 2 − 1) − 2 ∗ (𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1)
𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1
1
; 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 √𝑥 2 − 1 = (𝑥 2 − 1)2

1 1 1 1 1
= 2 ((𝑥 ) (𝑥 2 − 1)2−1 ∗ (2𝑥) + 1√𝑥 2 − 1) − 2 ( ∗ (1 + (𝑥 2 − 1)−2 ∗ 2𝑥))
2 𝑥 + √𝑥 2 − 1 2

1 −1 1
𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜 (𝑥 2 − 1)−2 = (√𝑥 2 − 1) =
√𝑥 2 −1

𝑥 ∗ 2𝑥 1 2𝑥
= 2( + √𝑥 2 − 1) − 2 ( ∗ (1 + )) ; 𝑎 = √𝑥 2 − 1
2√𝑥 2 −1 𝑥+ √𝑥 2 −1 2√𝑥 2 − 1

𝑥 ∗ 2𝑥 1 2𝑥 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2 1 2𝑎 + 2𝑥
= 2( + 𝑎) − 2 ( ∗ (1 + )) = 2 ( ) −2( ( ))
2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎 2𝑎

2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2 2𝑎 + 2𝑥 (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2 )(𝑥 + 𝑎) − 2𝑎 − 2𝑥

= 2( ) −2( ) = 2( )
2𝑎 2𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑎) 2𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑎)

(2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2 )(𝑥 + 𝑎) − 2(𝑥 + 𝑎) 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑎2 − 2 𝑥2 − 1 + 𝑥2 − 1

= 2( )= =2
2𝑎(𝑥 + 𝑎) 𝑎 √𝑥 2 − 1
 𝑥2 − 1 √𝑥 2 − 1 (𝑥 2 − 1)√𝑥 2 − 1
=4 ∗ =4 = 4√𝑥 2 − 1
√𝑥 2 − 1 √𝑥 2 − 1 (𝑥 2 − 1 )