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Is possible that no invention of such a large influence have had once been spread out so quickly or so instantly that had created influences that grow trough our national culture, transforming also our thoughts and language habits
Recent Social Trends in the United States. Report of the Presidents Research Comitee on Social Trends, 2 vols. McGraw Hill, 1933, pg. 172
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Fonte: Mastny, Lisa (org.) (2005), Vital Signs 2005, the trends that are shaping our future, Norton, NY/London
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das parkways
Bronx River, 1922
s vias rpidas
Le Corbusier, 1929
Toronto, Canad
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at ao desaparecer da rua
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a lgica
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Disperso urbana
AML (1965)
AML (1992-2001)
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A mudana generalizada para a rodovia e o automvel enquanto sistema de transporte dominante, fomentou a alterao mais profunda em termos de fragmentao urbana e social, com uma segregao horizontal de usos do solo no interior da extensa regio metropolitana.
Fonte: Stephan Graham, in Redes, territorio y gobierno, Joan Subirats Ed. UIMP, Barcelona, 2002.
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Bairro de Alvalade
Ainda hoje um bom exemplo de urbanismo de proximidade e de mistura social e funcional
Lagoas Parque
Parque de escritrios isolado do espao urbano, e com acessibilidade exclusivamente dependente do transporte individual
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Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
The trend from living to lifeless cities and residential areas that as accompanied industrialization, segregation of various city functions, and reliance on the automobile also has caused cities to become duller and more monotonous. This points up another important need, namelly the need for stimulation.
Fonte: Jan Gehl, in Life between buildings, Arkitektens Forlag, 1986.
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&
Drive till you qualify
Fonte: Tracy Metz, On the ground, 2007.
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Tagus Park
Lagoas Park
Carnaxide Montijo
Q.ta da Fonte
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a Do Montijo Distncia (km)* Custo em TI** Custo em TC () *** Tempo em TI (min.) * Tempo TC *** N. transbordos mnimo (TC)
**Considerando Gasolina s/chumbo 95 (1,228/litro, em 29/09/2006) **Considerando um consumo de 9 litros/100km ***Ligao mais directa (c/ bilhetes pr-comprados)
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(e velocidade)
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X 31
Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
acessibilidade
reduzida, aos deficientes, aos idosos, s famlias com crianas ou s prprias crianas: todas devem dispor de acesso fcil s infra-estruturas de transportes urbanos.
Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
RD V R E E I IA
linear impessoal nico propsito previsivel sistemtico regulamentado
E P P B IC SAO L O
espacial pessoal multi-propsito imprevisivel Contextual definido culturalmente
+mobilidade
+acessibilidade
( ex: n de escolas que esto acessveis a 20 min. de casa_ acesso )
( ex: km/ano_movimento)
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A reduo da velocidade e do
de veculos motorizados que entram na cidade, so dois aspectos fundamentais para o incio da mudana dos padres de mobilidade numa cidade.
nmero
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a rua
Funo de trocas/cmbios
Funo Deslocaao
Funao Social
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Necessrias
as que os pees no tem escolha, independente do meio exterior
Opcionais
as que fazemos se as condies do espao permitirem (apanhar sol, passear, relaxar)
Sociais
dependem da presena do outro no espao publico
Jan Gehl
Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
1900
2000
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Num espao exterior sem qualidade as pessoas apressam-se a ir para casa. People atract people Jan Gehl
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Contactos
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Sentidos
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As distancias sociais
ntima
Pessoal Social
(0 a 45 cm) a distncia a que sentimentos intensos so partilhados: carinho, conforto, raiva, amor
(1,30 a 3,75m) a distncia de uma conversa banal entre amigos, conhecidos, vizinhos, etc
Pblica
(maior que 3,75m) distancia de situaes mais formais (figuras publicas, palestras, etc)
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rede incoerente
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+Congestionamento Aquecimento global, emisses e Poluio Aumento do preo do petrleo aumento do sedentarismo e obesidade Envelhecimento da populao Desertificao do centro da cidade
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Como fazer?
Integrar
ou
Segregar
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O cdigo da rua
The principle behind the street code is that the streets can no longer be only associated with the circulation function. Instead the aim is to give back the streets for people by:
Approaching the public space as a undeniable truth that it is public domain for all (and not only motorists);
Assuring the coherence of the whole (planning, see the city as a system, connected by public space); Promote effective planning oriented by road safety principles Reducing the differences of speeds between the users of the street, as well as the differences of vulnerability and the amount of cars in the city are three factors important to achieve cohabitation in the public space;
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Pensar em termos de rede mudar radicalmente certos paradigmas no novo ordenamento do territrio:
Do zonamento mistura (de usos do solo) Da homogeneizao, equidade e standardizao diversidade Do equilbrio complementaridade
Fonte: Ricard Pi, El territorio en la sociedad de las redes. UIMP, Barcelona, 2002.
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Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
Numa sociedade competitiva, ordenar e orientar as dinmicas territoriais a partir de um conceito de funcionamento em rede, de integrao, de interrelao multidireccional, pressupe contrapor os valores sociais da cooperao aos da concorrncia e do enfrentamento.
Fonte: Ricard Pi, El territorio en la sociedad de las redes. UIMP, Barcelona, 2002.
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Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
Perceber as potencialidades
Montar uma estratgia com os diversos actores/interlocutores Identificar prioridades para a concretizao do conceito de interveno Subdividir a actuao nas diversas aces
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algumas notas
para poltica pblica, implica inverter 1 acessibilidade condiotodos comopblico, em vez de, na prtica, sea lgica actual e elevar a do transporte
continuar a privilegiar o transporte individual
acessibilidade em detrimento da mobilidade, o que implica uma articulao mais forte entre o planeamento do transporte e os usos do solo
introduo de zonas 30 e partilhadas nas reas residenciais, so exemplos de gesto de trfego atravs do desenho urbano, que contribuem para uma maior utilizao do espao pblico, o que essencial para uma maior integrao social.
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Project Concept: By recording our own body's bio data along with our geographic location we can review the information and make meaningful decisions about our life. How it works: The Galvanic Skin Response sensor measures the amount of skin conductivity. I'm suggesting that a change in skin conductivity not only tells something about your body, but also suggests an emotive event. I'm plotting the amount of change in the skin resistance level versus location.
Measured from the palm or fingertips, there are changes in the relative conductance of a small electrical current between the electrodes. The activity of the sweat glands in response to sympathetic nervous stimulation ( Increased sympathetic activation ) results in an increase in the level of conductance. There ia a relationship between sympathetic activity and emotional arousal ( ) Renata Lajas Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
The objective of instituting 30-km/h zones is to limit the adverse effects of motorized traffic in the living environment. The exclusion of through traffic and the imposition of a low speed limit on local traffic achieve the following goals: Improving traffic safety Improving liveability Protecting the environment.
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Fonte: Jan Gehl, in Public Spaces, Public Life, Dep.Urban Design, 2004.
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Straedet (1992)
Fonte: Jan Gehl, in Public Spaces, Public Life, Dep.Urban Design, 2004.
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ser respeitado
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o respeito mtuo e a serenidade so 2 aspectos importantes para uma melhor qualidade de vida Lisboa | Dezembro 2008
A good city is a city where people can move from one place to another in different ways, according to their preferences, physical capacities, and activities to do, according to their needs, hurries, places and neighbourhoods to cross, the time of the day or the season of the year. The city is a chain of rhythms, individual or collectives, with an extraordinary diversity. To each activity, occupation, sequence in life, corresponds a particular rhythm, a singular composition of movement and quietness.
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Due to the complexity inherent to the needs of moving people and goods; the importance of social, cultural, economic and political aspects are crucial; every policy drawn to fight this problem has to be simultaneously:
1
2
Integrated; in relation to several modes of transport (including soft modes), and at urban planning, land management and transports level.
Coherent; in order to not present contradictory measures in itself, those will annulated the good measures or favoured wrong signs to the different agents to be mobilize for its concretisation. Continuous; because the results are only seen in a medium-long term, so it is necessary to maintain the right course to insure that the applied measures will work.
3
4
Clear and participated; changing habits and the acceptation of individual sacrifices in the name of a collective interest as is the case of better environment and urban quality - are only possible if the population understands what are the challenges and the benefits, as well as it feels itself part of the solution and not only of the problem.
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