Ajuste de splines a um conjunto de 4 pontos (x0,y0), (x1,y1), (x2,y2) e (x3,y3)

Para n+1 pontos (3+1) termos 3 polinmios interpoladores

i
0
1
2
3

x
3
5
8
11

f(xi)

f'' (xi)

7
11
8
12

0.0000
-2.3243
1.7477
0.0000

a'i
0.00000
-0.12913
0.09710

b'i

c'i

-0.19369
0.09710
0.00000

Primeira Parte - Clculo da coluna adicional f''(x)

Observar que o clculo fornecer f''(5) e f''(8),

3.50000
4.82883
1.79279

d'i
6.27477
1.79279
4.00000

Matriz Aumentada

pois assumimos que f''(3)=f''(11)=0.0

h1

g1

r1

Grandezas auxiliares :

e2

h2

r2

hi=2*(xi+1-xi-1)

15

gi=xi+1-xi

14

ei=xi-xi-1
ri=6*[f(xi+1)-f(xi)]/(xi+1-xi) + 6*[f(xi-1)-f(xi)]/(xi-xi-1)

13

A
10
3

y
3
12

-18
14

A-1

F''=A-1*y

0.108108 -0.02703
-0.02703 0.09009

-2.3243
1.7477

12
11

10
9
8
7
6
5
3

Segunda Parte - Clculo dos n polinmios (para n+1 pontos)

Observar que o primeiro polinmio P1(x) une os pontos x0 e x1
J o segundo polinmio P2(x) une os pontos x1 e x2
Cada polinmio Pi(x) s vlido no intervalo [xi-1, xi]

Grandezas auxiliares :
a'i=f''(xi-1)/6/(xi-xi-1)
b'i=f''(xi)/6/(xi-xi-1)
c'i=f(xi-1)/(xi-xi-1)-f''(xi-1)*(xi-xi-1)/6
d'i=f(xi)/(xi-xi-1)-f''(xi)*(xi-xi-1)/6
Ento:
p1(x) = a'1*(x1-x)3+b'1*(x-x0)3+c'1(x1-x)+d'1(x-x0)
3

p2(x) = a'2*(x2-x) +b'2*(x-x1) +c'2(x2-x)+d'2(x-x1)

p3(x) = a'3*(x3-x)3+b'3*(x-x2)3+c'3(x3-x)+d'3(x-x2)

f(x)
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7

p1(x)
7
7.277284
7.553405
7.827203
8.097514
8.363176
8.623027
8.875905
9.120649
9.356095
9.581081
9.794446
9.995027
10.18166
10.35319
10.50845
10.64627
10.7655
10.86497
10.94353
11
11

p2(x)

11
11.03365
11.04541
11.03665
11.00871
10.96296
10.90076
10.82345
10.7324
10.62897
10.51451
10.39039
10.25795
10.11855
9.973558
9.824324
9.672208
9.518567
9.364757
9.212136
9.062062
8.915892
8.774983
8.640693
8.514378
8.397397
8.291107
8.196865

p3(x)

7.8
7.9
8
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9
9
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
11

12

8.116028
8.049954
8

8
7.9672
7.951295
7.951703
7.96784
7.999124
8.044973
8.104804
8.178034
8.264081
8.362362
8.472295
8.593297
8.724786
8.866178
9.016892
9.176344
9.343953
9.519135
9.701308
9.88989
10.0843
10.28395
10.48826
10.69665
10.90853
11.12333
11.34046
11.55934
11.77938
12

f(x)
p1(x)
p2(x)
p3(x)

Ajuste de splines a um conjunto de 11 pontos (x0,y0), (x1,y1), (x2,y2) ... (x10,y10)

Para n+1 pontos (10+1) teremos 10 polinmios interpoladores
i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

xi

f(xi)

3.0
3.3
3.9
4.3
4.7
5.3
5.9
6.1
6.3
6.6
7.0

0
2
1
5
5
8
9
13
14
20
22

a'i
b'i
c'i
d'i
f''(x)
0.00
-46.36
0.000 -25.753 0.000 8.984
55.74 -12.877
15.482 7.969 -3.907
-68.91
23.223 -28.712 -1.216 17.094
42.03 -28.712
17.514 17.094 9.698
-44.17
11.676 -12.269 4.130 17.750
115.32 -12.269
32.034 17.750 3.468
-240.08
96.103 -200.066 41.156 73.003
164.34 -200.066 136.954 73.003 64.522
-87.76
91.303 -48.758 38.449 71.055
0.00 -36.568
0.000 55.851 55.000

25.00

20.00

15.00

10.00

5.00

Primeira Parte - Clculo da coluna adicional f''(x)

0.00
3.80 e f''(6,6),
4.80
Observar que este clculo fornecer f''(3,3), f''(3,9), f''(4,3), f''(4,7), f''(5,3), f''(5,9),2.80
f''(6,1), f''(6,3)
pois assumimos que f''(3)=f''(7)=0.0

Grandezas auxiliares :
hi=2*(xi+1-xi-1)
gi=xi+1-xi
ei=xi-xi-1
ri=6*[f(xi+1)-f(xi)]/(xi+1-xi) + 6*[f(xi-1)-f(xi)]/(xi-xi-1)

A (9x9)
h1
e2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

y (9x1)
g1
h2
e3
0
0
0
0
0
0

0
g2
h3
e4
0
0
0
0
0

0
0
g3
h4
e5
0
0
0
0

0
0
0
g4
h5
e6
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
g5
h6
e7
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
g6
h7
e8
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
g7
h8
e9

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
g8
h9

A (9x9)
1.8
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0

r1
r2
r3
r4
r5
r6
r7
r8
r9

y (9x1)
0.6
2
0.6
0
0
0
0
0

0
0.4
1.6
0.4
0
0
0
0

0
0
0.4
2
0.4
0
0
0

0
0
0
0.6
2.4
0.6
0
0

0
0
0
0
0.6
1.6
0.6
0

0
0
0
0
0
0.2
0.8
0.2

0
0
0
0
0
0
0.2
1

0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.3

-50
70
-60
30
-20
110
-90
90

0.2

1.4

-90

F''=A-1*y

A (9x9)
0.587
-0.096
0.038
-0.008
0.001
-0.001
0.000
0.000
0.000

-0.191
0.574
-0.227
0.048
-0.009
0.004
-0.003
0.001
0.000

0.051
-0.152
0.720
-0.153
0.028
-0.012
0.009
-0.002
0.000

-0.011
0.032
-0.153
0.562
-0.105
0.043
-0.034
0.007
-0.001

0.003
-0.009
0.043
-0.157
0.494
-0.206
0.163
-0.034
0.005

-0.001
0.004
-0.018
0.065
-0.206
0.779
-0.617
0.129
-0.018

0.000
-0.001
0.005
-0.017
0.054
-0.206
1.482
-0.310
0.044

0.000 0.000
0.000 0.000
-0.001 0.000
0.004 -0.001
-0.011 0.002
0.043 -0.009
-0.310 0.066
1.109 -0.238
-0.158 0.748

-46.356
55.735
-68.909
42.033
-44.170
115.323
-240.079
164.345
-87.764

Segunda Parte - Clculo dos 10 polinmios (para 11 pontos)

Observar que o primeiro polinmio P1(x) une os pontos x0 e x1
J o segundo polinmio P2(x) une os pontos x1 e x2
Cada polinmio Pi(x) s vlido no intervalo [xi-1, xi]

Grandezas auxiliares :
a'i=f''(xi-1)/6/(xi-xi-1)
b'i=f''(xi)/6/(xi-xi-1)
c'i=f(xi-1)/(xi-xi-1)-f''(xi-1)*(xi-xi-1)/6
d'i=f(xi)/(xi-xi-1)-f''(xi)*(xi-xi-1)/6
Ento:
p1(x) = a'1*(x1-x)3+b'1*(x-x0)3+c'1(x1-x)+d'1(x-x0)
p2(x) = a'2*(x2-x)3+b'2*(x-x1)3+c'2(x2-x)+d'2(x-x1)
...
...
...
...
...
....
p10(x) = a'10*(x10-x)3+b'10*(x-x9)3+c'10(x3-x)+d'10(x-x9)

x
3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
3.20
3.25
3.30
3.35
3.40

3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65

f(x)
0.00

2.00

p1(x)
0.00
0.45
0.87
1.26
1.59
1.84
2.00

p2(x) p3(x)

2.00
2.05
2.00
1.88
1.71
1.50
1.29
1.09

p4(x)

p5(x)

p6(x)

p7(x)

p8(x)

p9(x)

p10(x)

3.70
3.75
3.80
3.85
3.90
3.95
4.00
4.05
4.10
4.15
4.20
4.25
4.30
4.35
4.40
4.45
4.50
4.55
4.60
4.65
4.70
4.75
4.80
4.85
4.90
4.95
5.00
5.05
5.10
5.15
5.20
5.25
5.30
5.35
5.40
5.45
5.50
5.55
5.60
5.65
5.70
5.75
5.80
5.85

1.00

5.00

5.00

8.00

0.92
0.80
0.77
0.82
1.00

1.00
1.42
1.94
2.53
3.13
3.72
4.25
4.69
5.00

5.00
5.24
5.34
5.34
5.27
5.17
5.06
5.00
5.00

5.00
5.10
5.29
5.54
5.85
6.19
6.55
6.90
7.23
7.53
7.77
7.93
8.00

8.00
7.90
7.72
7.50
7.26
7.05
6.90
6.83
6.89
7.10
7.50
8.12

5.90
5.95
6.00
6.05
6.10
6.15
6.20
6.25
6.30
6.35
6.40
6.45
6.50
6.55
6.60
6.65
6.70
6.75
6.80
6.85
6.90
6.95
7.00

9.00

13.00

14.00

20.00

22.00

9.00

9.00
10.12
11.31
12.34
13.00 13.00
13.52
13.69
13.77
14.00

14.00
14.59
15.48
16.57
17.76
18.94
20.00

20.00
20.73
21.27
21.64
21.88
22.00
22.05
22.04
22.00

4.80
6,3) e f''(6,6),

f(x)
p1(x)
p2(x)
p3(x)
p4(x)
p5(x)
p6(x)
p7(x)
p8(x)
p9(x)
p10(x)
5.80

6.80