SUGESTES DE ATIVIDADES COMPLEMENTARES PARA O 8 ANO
ASSUNTOS: SISTEMA RESPIRATRIO, CARDIOVASCULAR, EXCRETOR E SENSORIAL
1. (UnB) Assinale a alternativa que apresenta uma estrutura comum ao sistema respiratrio e digestrio. ( ) Brnquios ( ) Pulmo ( ) Laringe ( ) Faringe 2. (CesespP!) As trocas gasosas nos pulm"es do #omem se $a%em& ( ) atrav's dos (ronqu)olos ( ) atrav's das paredes dos alv'olos ( ) atrav's do epit'lio da traqu'ia ( ) na laringe* traqu'ia e nos (ronqu)olos 3. (PUC+,) A respira-o ' a troca de gases do organismo com o am(iente. .ela* o ar entra e sai dos pulm"es gra-as / contra-o do dia$ragma. Considere as seguintes etapas do processo respiratrio do #omem& 0. 1urante a inspira-o* o dia$ragma se contrai e desce aumentando o volume da cai2a tor3cica. 00. 4uando a presso interna na cai2a tor3cica diminui e se torna menor que a presso do ar atmos$'rico ento o ar penetra nos pulm"es. 000. 4uando o dia$ragma rela2a* ele redu% o volume tor3cico e empurra o ar usado para $ora dos pulm"es. 05. 1urante a e2pira-o* o volume tor3cico aumenta* e a presso interna se torna menor que a presso do ar atmos$'rico. Assinale a alternativa que indica quais a$irma-"es acima so 5!+1A1!0+A6& ( ) 0 e 00 ( ) 00* 000 e 05 ( ) 0* 00 e 000 ( ) 0* 00 e 05 4. 7 sangue proveniente da 8+A.1! C0+CULA9:7 (circula-o sist;mica) c#ega ao cora-o por meio da(das)& ( ) veias pulmonares ( ) art'ria aorta ( ) veias cavas ( ) art'ria pulmonar 5. (PUC) As art'rias pulmonares levam o sangue& ( ) arterial dos pulm"es para o 3trio esquerdo< ( ) arterial do ventr)culo esquerdo para o corpo< ( ) arterial dos pulm"es para o ventr)culo esquerdo< ( ) venoso do ventr)culo direito para os pulm"es< 6. (Fund. CA+L76 C=A8A6) A $un-o das v3lvulas e2istentes nas veias '& ( ) retardar o $lu2o sang>)neo< ( ) acelerar os (atimentos card)acos< ( ) impedir o re$lu2o de sangue< ( ) retardar as pulsa-"es< . (C!68+A.+07) !m rela-o aos elementos $igurados do sangue so $eitas tr;s a$irmativas& 0. 7s leuccitos so os elementos $igurados mais numerosos na corrente sang>)nea e desempen#am importante papel na de$esa do organismo. 00. As #em3cias so elementos $igurados presentes na circula-o que desempen#am importante papel no transporte de gases. 000. As plaquetas so os elementos $igurados menos numerosos presentes na circula-o e esto envolvidas nos processos de coagula-o sangu)nea. Assinale& ( ) se somente 00 estiver correta< ( ) se somente 0 e 00 estiverem corretas< ( ) se 0* 00 e 000 estiverem corretas< ( ) se somente 00 e 000 estiverem corretas< PRE!EITURA MUNICIPAL DE IPATINGA ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS SECRETARIA MUNICIPAL DE EDUCA"#O DEPARTAMENTO PEDAGGICO$SE"#O DE ENSINO !ORMAL CEN!OP % C&'()* +& !*),-./* P&+-01023- 8. ? comum vermos em t@neis placas com os di%eres& AE, 3-4* +& 3*'0&4(2*'-,&'(*, +&45206& *4 ,*(*)&4.B .as constru-"es modernas cada ve% mais #3 a preocupa-o com o sistema de ventila-o dentro dos t@neis. 0sto se deve a um g3s inodoro* e2pelido pelos escapamentos dos carros* por queima de carvo* len#a e outras com(ust"es* e que quando inspirado em am(ientes $ec#ados pode levar a morte. 7 g3s citado no te2to ' o& a) 83s car(nico () Con2ido de car(ono c) .itrog;nio d) g3s #idrog;nio 7. 7 nosso sistema respiratrio ' a porta de entrada de ar* Dunto com o ar podem entrar impure%as* micr(ios e su(stEncias capa%es de preDudicar nossa sa@de. Assinale a alternativa 0.C7++!FA so(re os cuidados que devem ser tomados para evitar doen-as no trato respiratrio& a) evitar locais $ec#ados e pequenos* com pouca ventila-o. () no $umar nem respirar a $uma-a de cigarro. c) evitar aglomera-"es de pessoas d) no reali%ar e2erc)cios $)sicos que aumentem a capacidade respiratria. 18. Leia as in$orma-"es 0 e 00* a seguir* e responda. I. O imprio romano ocupou a regio da antiga Judia, na poca de Cristo. Seus condenados morte por crucificao eram pendurados pelos braos, o que provocava uma morte lenta e dolorosa. O peso do corpo puava a pessoa para baio, deiando!a estirada, "# que os ps no tin$am apoio. O condenado passava $oras nessa condio, antes de morrer. Cristo, em ve% de ser amarrado, foi pregado na cru%, mas sua morte no foi causada pelo sangramento das mos. II. Observe os esquemas a lado, que representam os movimentos de inspirao e epirao& ' figura ( mostra a caia tor#cica com maior volume que na figura ). *ara ocorrer inspirao, as costelas afastam!se umas das outras+ em seguida, no movimento de epirao, as costelas voltam a se aproimar. Os m,sculos intercostais so respons#veis por esses movimentos, em condi-es normais. .as, se o peso do corpo estiver puando toda a caia tor#cica para baio, os m,sculos intercostais no podem se contrair normalmente. a) Quais suas hipteses sobre a causa do sofrimento na crucifcao? GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG RESPEITE MINHA SADE. POR FAVOR, NO FUME PERTO DE MIM b) Qual a causa da morte das pessoas crucifcadas? GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 11. 5amos imaginar que voc; ' um m'dico(a) conceituado(a). +esolva os casos H e I. C-4* 1 Um paciente quei2ase de tosse* pigarro* di$iculdade de respirar. a) 7 que voc; pergunta a ele* a respeito de seus #3(itos cotidianosJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG () Levante #ipteses so(re o tipo de doen-a desse paciente* levando em conta que ele $uma um ma-o de cigarros por dia* #3 mais de de% anos. GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG C-4* 2 6eu paciente tra% o resultado de um e2ame la(oratorial de urina* com os seguintes resultados& a) 4ue rgos de seu paciente apresentam pro(lemasJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG () 4ue etapa da $orma-o da urina est3 com pro(lemasJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 11. (7C!C6P) 7s rins* al'm de importante $un-o e2cretora* contri(uem de maneira e$iciente& a) na manuten-o da composi-o do sangue c) na manuten-o da temperatura. () na digesto dos a-@cares d) na digesto dos lip)deos. 12. Fodas as a$irmativas a(ai2o so(re o sistema urin3rio esto corretas. EXCETO& a) A amnia ' uma su(stEncia resultante do meta(olismo das prote)nas. Por ser muito t2ica* ' trans$ormada em ur'ia pelas c'lulas do $)gado* sendo eliminada so( essa $orma menos t2ica. () Cada rim #umano cont'm cerca de H mil#o de tu(os curvos e microscpicos. !sses tu(os so c#amados n'$rons. c) .os seres #umanos tanto a uretra $eminina quanto a masculina* al'm de condu%ir urina* permite a elimina-o de esperma ou s;men para o meio e2terno. d) 7 sistema urin3rio ' $ormado pelos rins e pelas vias urin3rias* ou seDa* ureteres (e2iga e uretra. 13. (UF6C) .o ser #umano* cada ureter condu% a urina& a) do rim / uretra c) da (e2iga ao meio e2terno () da (e2iga ao rim d) do rim / (e2iga. 14. (UFP!) 7 sangue* nos mam)$eros* ' $iltrado& a) na c3psula de BoKman. c) da (e2iga ao meio e2terno. () nos tu(os pro2imais. d) no ducto coletor. 15. (5unesp6P) ,oo e ,os' $oram ao est3dio do Corum(i assistir um Dogo de $ute(ol. Pouco antes do in)cio do Dogo* am(os $oram ao sanit3rio do est3dio e urinaram. 1urante o primeiro tempo do Dogo* ,oo tomou duas latin#as de re$rigerante e ,os' tomou duas latin#as de cerveDa. .o intervalo da partida* am(os $oram novamente ao sanit3rio e urinaram< antes do t'rmino do Dogo* por'm* ,os' precisou urinar mais uma ve%. 6a(endo que am(os go%avam de (oa sa@de* responda as seguintes quest"es& a) Por que o $ato de ,os' ter ingerido (e(ida alcolica $e% com que ele urinasse mais ve%es que ,ooJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG () A urina* uma ve% $ormada* percorre determinados rgos do aparel#o e2cretor #umano. 4ual a traDetria da urina* desde sua $orma-o at' sua elimina-o pelo organismoJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 16. Leia o te2to a(ai2o e responda as perguntas que se seguem& Os rins filtram o sangue e selecionam o que deve ser eliminado, excretando substncias txicas e substncias em excesso, como os sais minerais. O excesso de gua no organismo, alm de sobrecarregar o sistema circulatrio, acumula-se nos tecidos se no for eliminado. (Mattos !orto " !ro#eto $adix- %& srie' a) Por que ocorre inc#a-o nos p's e p3lpe(ras quando os rins no $uncionam direitoJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG () Por que os rins so essenciais para manter o equil)(rio salino no sangue e nos tecidosJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG c) Uma pessoa pode viver sem rinsJ ,usti$ique sua resposta. GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 1. Leia atentamente o poema para responder /s quest"es que se seguem& R2* '- S*,9)- 6om 7 $rio $rio (om do longo rio +io som(rio Fo longe* to (om 7 longo som to $rio do rio o claro som $rio do rio som(rioL a) A leitura desse poema sugere alguns sentidos. Para voc;* quais $oram os sentidos mais estimuladosJ ,usti$ique a sua resposta destacando passagens do te2to. GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG () 4ual $oi a imagem que voc; criou a partir da leitura desse poemaJ !screva ou desen#e para responder / questo 18. Uma pessoa* quei2andose de tonturas e $alta de equil)(rio* sou(e* aps consultar um m'dico que poderia estar com in$lama-o numa parte da orel#a (ouvido). 4ual a rela-o entre os sintomas apresentados pelo m'dico e o diagnstico $eito pelo m'dicoJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 17. ? comum o uso de nome popular para estruturas do corpo #umano. Utili%ando seus con#ecimentos so(re o ol#o #umano* identi$ique as estruturas associadas /s seguintes e2press"es& a) o A(ranco dos ol#osB& GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG () a Acor dos ol#osB& GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG c) a Amenina dos ol#osB& GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 28. A presen-a de p;los na pele #umana ' relativamente escassa. .os dias $rios* o Deito ' usar um (om agasal#o. Cas* em muitos mam)$eros* especialmente naqueles que vivem em climas $rios* a pelagem costuma ser (em desenvolvida. Como os p;los contri(uem* nesses casos* para a manuten-o da temperatura do corpoJ GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG 21. 7l$ato e gusta-o podem se complementar. Parte do que c#amamos de Asa(orB de um alimento $ica comprometido e podemos at' perder um pouco o apetite. !2plique por que isso pode ocorrer. GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG