Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Filtros FIR
Plano de aula
Motivao
Exemplos em sinais e imagens
Rudo
Caractersticas de filtros
Filtros tipo FIR
Analisando filtros FIR
Projetando filtros FIR
EPUSP
p.alta
Quantificao
Anlise
Reconhecimento de padres
0
-2
0
EPUSP
-2
0
4
notch
excluso
60, 180,
-5
0
4
> 0.05 Hz
p.baixa
< 70 Hz
ECG
-5
0
5
Filtros FIR
EPUSP
EPUSP
1-300 ml/s
Banda(Hz)
dc-20
Ultrasom,
FEM
10-400 mmHg
dc-50
ECG (superf.)
0.5 4 mV
.01 250
eletrodos
Potenciais em
nervos
0.01 3 mV
Dc 10000
eletrodos
Respirao
2 50 r/min
0.1 10
Filtros analgicos
Transdutor
Piezo-el.,
strain-gage,
R2
Passa-baixa
Filtros FIR
Presso arterial
Faixa
Fluxo sang.
Filtros FIR
Strain gage,
termistor, ..
EPUSP
Z1=R1
Z2=R2 // C2
Passa-alta
Z1= R1 + C1
Z2=R2
Passa-faixa
Z1= R1 + C1
Z2=R2 // C2
C2
R1
S ( jw)
R2
=
E ( jw)
R1 (1 + jwR2C2 )
EPUSP
14
Filtros FIR
SNR negativo
Filtros FIR
EPUSP
EPUSP
Filtros: caractersticas ?
Motivao
Exemplos em sinais e imagens
Rudo
Caractersticas de filtros
Filtros tipo FIR
Analisando filtros FIR
Projetando filtros FIR
16
Caractersticas principais
Filtros FIR
Filtros FIR
Plano de aula
EPUSP
17
Filtros FIR
15
19
EPUSP
21
Filtros FIR
Resposta impulsiva
Resposta em frequncia
Amplitude
H ( w) =| H ( w) | .e j( w)
( w)
Fase
( w)
Atraso
w
Atraso de grupo ddw( w)
Funo de transferncia em Z
Zeros-plos
Expanso em fraes parciais
Filtros FIR
Anlise/Interpretaes
b0
x[n]
y[n]
-a1
24
EPUSP
k =0
y[ n k ] = bk .x[ n k ]
k =0
y[ n] = bk .x[ n k ]
k =0
ARMA
(IIR)
y[ n k ] = b0 .x[ k ]
k =0
Filtros FIR
27
EPUSP
ECG
1
0
-1
0.5
1.5
2.5
Tempo (s)
3
2
1
0
-1
0.5
1.5
2.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3
2
filter()
y[n] =
MA
Filtros FIR
y[ n] =
k =0
Filtros FIR
y[ n] = bk .x[ n k ]
Filtros passa-baixa
Filtros passa-alta
Filtros passa-faixa
Filtros rejeita-faixa
28
filtragem digital: MA
IIR
Resposta impulsiva infinita
Menor ordem
FIR
Estvel
Fase linear: projetvel
a0 = 1
EPUSP
26
1
0
fci
EPUSP
fcs
fa/2
-1
29
EPUSP
30
Y (e jw )
= (e jw + 1) 2 / 4 =
X (e jw )
1 + cos w
2
= w
H =
0.5
0.45
0.4
0.35
0.3
Amplitude
Y = ( X .z 2 + 2 X .z 1 + X ) / 4
Y ( z)
= ( z 2 + 2 z 1 + 1) / 4
X ( z)
Y ( z)
= ( z 1 + 1) 2 / 4
X ( z)
Filtros FIR
MA=[1 2 1]/4
Filtros FIR
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
EPUSP
31
EPUSP
0.2
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0.2
2
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
Magnitude (dB)
0.4
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
-120
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
Phase (degrees)
0.6
Imaginary Part
1
n (samples)
Filtros FIR
Filtros FIR
0.8
Resposta em freq.
0.8
0.6
32
zeros
0.4
-0.8
-50
-100
-150
-1
-1
EPUSP
-0.5
0
Real Part
0.5
-200
33
EPUSP
Exerccio
35
X ( z)
Filtros FIR
Filtros FIR
Exerccio
EPUSP
34
jw
H (e ) = e
jw / 2
2 jsen( w / 2)
H = 2 sen( w / 2)
y[n] =
x[n] x[n 2]
2
w/ 2
H (e jw ) = e jw jsen( w)
H = sen( w)
EPUSP
Y ( z)
= z 2 (z 2 z 2 )
X ( z)
36
freq. de corte
ondulaes (ripple) de passa-banda
atenuao de stopband
faixa de transio
40
Magnitude (dB)
20
0
-20
-40
Filtros FIR
FIR
Requisitos
Filtros FIR
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
x[k]
y[k]
h[k]
N 1
Amostragem em
freq.
windowing
LS
arbitrrio
-60
-80
N 1
N 1
Y ( z ) = X ( z ) h[ k ].z k
k =0
N 1
H ( z ) = h[k ].z k
k =0
100
0
37
EPUSP
EPUSP
38
-100
-200
-300
-400
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
EPUSP
39
Filtro
analg.
Filtros FIR
Filtros FIR
Especificaes
no dom. freq.
(freq. corte, ...)
Discretiz.
-fitting
-optim.
Transf.
bilinear
IDFT
Resp.
impuls.
Filtro
Digital
temp.
YuleWalker
Remez
Filtro
idealiz.
EPUSP
IDFT
Window
Filtro
digital
freq.
44
wc
sin ( wc .k )
k
k = ( N 1) / 2, ( N 1) / 2
h[ k ] =
40
20
0
-20
w=2f
TF
Filtros FIR
Magnitude (dB)
Filtros FIR
SF
=2f/fa
fa=1/
TFTD
-40
SFTD
-60
-80
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Normalized Frequency
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
Normalized Frequency
0.6
0.7
( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
100
Phase (degrees)
EPUSP
-100
-200
45
-300
-400
EPUSP
0.6
0.7
( rad/sample)
0.9
46
h[n] =
1
2
H (e
H (e
0.8
).e jn d
0.6
)=
h[n].e
jn
n =
0.4
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
20
15
10
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Exemplo:
N = 25
0.8
WR (e jw ) =
Filtros FIR
n
2
Filtros FIR
Janela (windowing)
0.6
( N 1) / 2
1.e
jwn
n = ( N 1) / 2
sin( wN / 2)
WR (e iw ) =
sin ( w / 2)
wN
sinc(
)
2
=N
w
sinc(
)
2
0.4
0.2
0
-40
-30
-20
-10
10
20
30
40
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
filtro na frequencia
30
20
10
-10
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
2
N
Matlab: Fir1() e Fir2()
EPUSP
47
EPUSP
gH
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
10
15
20
25
30
25
20
15
0.5
1.5
2.5
49
EPUSP
Filtro
idealiz.
Resp.
impuls.
IDFT
Window
Filtro
Digital
temp.
Filtro
digital
freq.
51
Filtros FIR
Transf.
bilinear
IDFT
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Normalized Frequency ( rad/sample)
0.8
0.9
-100
-200
50
Filtros FIR
EPUSP
Discretiz.
-fitting
-optim.
3.5
Especificaes
no dom. freq.
(freq. corte, ...)
-80
-400
Filtro
analg.
-60
-300
EPUSP
-40
10
0
-20
100
resp. freq.
20
Magnitude (dB)
Phase (degrees)
N 1
N 1
n
2
2
40
Filtros FIR
2n
)
N
Filtros FIR
Janela de Hamming
g H [n] = + (1 ) cos(
48
EPUSP
52
E ( w) = ( H ( w) H d ( w))
min | E ( w) |
{bn }
sujeito a D(w)
fa/2
Filtros FIR
IIR
EPUSP
53
EPUSP
61
Filtros FIR
Bibliografia
EPUSP
62