INTRODUO

CROSTA TERRESTRE
(5 Km
K de
d profundidade)
f did d )
O
Si
Al
Fe
Ca
Na
K
Mg
Ti
Total

47%
27%
8%
5%
4%
3%
2,5%
2%
0,5%
99%

Cr
Ni
Zn
Cu
Co
Nb
Pb

0,01%
0,008%
0 007%
0,007%
0,005%
0,0025%
0 0021%
0,0021%
0,0013%

Produo NO funo da abundncia

de Fatores Econmicos e Energticos
g
funo

FLUXOGRAMA GERAL PARA A

OBTENO DE UM METAL

PROSPECO
JAZIDA

RESERVA:
MEDIDA
INDICADA
INFERIDA
MARGINAL

MINERAO
CONCENTRAO

OBTENO DO METAL
3 PURIFICAO
METAL PURO

PROCES
SSOS
PIR
ROMETAL
RGICOS

PRO
OCESSOS
HIDROME
ETALRGIICOS

OCORRNCIA

1 HIDROMETALURGIA
T < 100oC
Uso agente lixiviante
Ex
Ex.:: Au,
Au Ag
Ag, Cu
2 PIROMETALURGIA
T
T > 500oC
Em geral fuso e reduo do metal
Ex.: 2Me.O + C = 2Meo + CO2
3- ELETROMETALURGIA
T < 500oC
Uso de corrente eltrica

DEFINIO

O Tratamento (Preparao ou Beneficiamento) de minrios

compreende aquelas operaes que se aplicam aos bens
minerais para modificar as suas condies de composio
ou de forma,, exigidas
g
ou convenientes ao seu uso ou aplicao
p

OPERAES
TRANSFORMATIVAS Que alteram pprofundamente as espcies
TRANSFORMATIVAS:
p
minerais
do minrio tratado. Operaes trmicas e qumicas (piro e hidrometalurgia).
NO TRANSFORMATIVAS:
TRANSFORMATIVAS Que no alteram as espcies minerais
primitivas do minrio tratado, constituindo-se de operaes fsicas, mecnicas
e fsico-qumicas, que modificam apenas a composio mineralgica ou a sua
forma ou tamanho e estrutura.
Cominuio

Concentrao

REQUISITOS
Para alcanarem-se os objetivos do tratamento de minrios, ou seja,
um concentrado o mais rico possvel e um rejeito o mais pobre possvel,
possvel
trs condies so necessrias:
1 LIBERAO
1.
LIBERAO: Individualizao
I di id li das
d espcies.
i Separao
S
em partculas
t l
livres. (Hidrometalurgia conceito diferente).
2. DIFERENCIAO:
Que exista, ou que se possa criar, pelo menos uma
propriedade ou condio diferenciadora entre as espcies a separar.
Ex.: densidade, magnetismo, hidrofobicidade.
3. SEPARABILIDADE POSSVEL: Que exista uma maneira se separar
efetivamente o concentrado do rejeito.
j

SITUAES ONDE SE JUSTIFICA O

TRATAMENTO DE MINRIOS
1. CONTROLE DO TAMANHO DAS PARTCULAS
PARTCULAS:
Facilita o manejo (mina de subsolo)
Torna o produto vendvel
Ex.: Agregado para a construo civil)
2. FORMAO DE UM PRODUTO DE COMPOSIO E
TAMANHO REGULAR
Ex.: Carvo Candiota: -40 mm e 50% Cz
3. EXPOR OU LIBERAR CONSTITUINTES PARA PROCESSO
SUBSEQENTE
4. CONTROLE
CON O
DE CO
COMPOSIO
OS O
Controle do teor desejado do minrio beneficiado

OPERAES BSICAS NAS

PLANTAS DE BENEFICIAMENTO
1. REDUO DO TAMANHO
TAMANHO:
Cominuio (britagem e moagem)
2. SEPARAES:
SEPARAES
S/S Concentrao e classificao granulomtrica
S/L Desgue
L/L - Hidrometalurgia
3.
3 MANEJO:
MANEJO
Operaes auxiliares, transporte e armazenamento

RESERVAS DAS SUBSTNCIAS MINERAIS - 2000

Medida
Minrio

Indicada

Inferida

Contido

1-METLICOS
A LU M N IO ( B A U X I T A )
B ER ILIO ( B ER ILO)

1 .7 8 4 .3 0 0 .9 1 3

8 8 9 .7 1 0 .6 5 2

5 7 2 .8 5 5 .6 0 1

5 9 0 .0 0 1 .4 1 4

2 5 .2 6 0

3 .3 4 1

2 4 .3 5 2

210

C D M IO

1 0 .0 9 3 .5 3 6

C HU M B O

2 7 .3 9 9 .8 3 1

8 8 5 .8 4 3

2 9 .5 3 1 .3 5 6

1 3 .8 7 1 .9 8 7

C OB A LT O

3 3 .7 4 3 .3 6 2

3 3 .3 8 8

1 .3 5 3 .6 1 3

7 0 9 .6 4 3

9 9 6 .9 7 7 .2 8 0

8 .1 8 4 .5 3 4

1 4 2 .4 3 5 .9 2 9

2 9 0 .7 7 9 .9 5 3

1 8 .7 0 3 .5 2 6

6 .1 1 0 .1 1 0

5 .6 1 8 .7 4 5

4 .1 8 1 .6 3 8

1 7 4 .4 2 6 .5 5 7

2 7 4 .4 6 3 .9 0 8

-2

1 1 .2 7 5 .7 4 9 .9 1 8

6 .6 0 8 . 6 1 5 .9 6 4

9 .8 2 2 .6 9 3 .3 6 6

4 1 .2 1 0 .7 2 5 .3 0 2

1 .3 6 7 .4 4 1

1 2 3 .0 5 8

277

696

5 7 5 .0 0 0

7 .3 0 3

6 3 7 .3 2 4

9 4 4 .2 9 0

6 .0 7 5

375

2 .7 1 6

110

751

33

462

4 ,,3 9

C OB R E
C R OM O ( C R OM IT A )
EST A N HO ( C A SSIT ER IT A )
F ER R O
L T IO ( A M B LIGON I T A )
L T IO ( ESPOD U M EN IO)
L T IO ( LEPID OLIT A )
L T IO ( PET A LIT A )

RESERVAS DAS SUBSTNCIAS MINERAIS - 2000

Medida
Minrio

Indicada

Inferida

Contido

1-METLICOS
M A N GA N S

7 2 . 6 8 1 .0 9 2

2 4 .6 4 6 .6 5 3

8 0 .8 3 4 .4 5 8

3 4 . 1 5 7 .6 1 4

7 6 7 .6 2 4

1 3 2 .6 2 8

9 .2 8 1

2 .0 5 7

N IB IO ( C OL. - T A N T .)

1 9 5 .0 5 0 .4 4 1

4 6 5 .3 7 6

1 6 6 .5 7 9

1 6 3 .6 6 0

N IB IO ( PI R OC LOR O )

2 1 2 .4 8 7 .5 7 5

4 .3 0 2 .2 4 8

2 5 6 .6 6 3 .4 0 6

2 . 8 4 8 . 2 0 9 .2 1 8

N QU EL

2 9 6 .8 6 2 .1 2 0

4 .5 3 8 .7 4 2

9 0 .5 7 9 .5 2 2

8 4 . 0 4 8 .7 1 2

1 . 4 7 8 . 5 3 2 .1 7 4

1 .2 4 6 . 3 5 3 . 5 6 1

-3

2 4 1 . 7 1 0 .0 7 6

6 .9 6 8 .3 7 5

1 7 2 .5 3 9 .1 1 3

-3

1 . 9 3 7 .9 7 7

1 9 5 .0 0 0 .0 0 0

5 8 .5 0 0

6 .0 2 2 .9 4 5

641

79

4 3 8 .2 2 2 .1 0 7

7 7 .3 0 7 .3 4 1

1 8 7 .2 1 6 .9 8 1

5 5 2 . 5 2 9 .0 1 5

2 3 . 7 1 6 .8 9 1

3 .3 1 5 .3 2 2

1 8 .0 9 7 .1 4 0

1 9 3 .4 1 4

7 8 .7 2 0

7 4 .3 9 5

4 .3 8 4

4 .8 3 3

1 .2 8 4 .5 8 8

6 5 0 .2 4 5

1 .0 0 8 .7 7 7

3 . 8 3 5 .7 3 2

V A N D IO

1 2 . 2 2 1 .7
774

1 6 0 .3 1 8

4 9 6 .5 4 6

3 8 1 .4
418

Z IN C O

3 4 . 9 2 6 .6 6 3

3 .1 8 5 .6 0 3

3 4 .0 1 2 .5 8 7

3 4 . 7 4 3 .8 8 7

M O N A Z IT A

OU R O
PR A T A
T N T A LO ( C OL.- T A N T .)
T ER R A S- R A R A S
T IT N IO ( A N A T A SI O)
T IT N IO ( ILM EN IT A )
T IT N IO ( R U T ILO)
T U N GST N IO

0 ,0 3 %

RESERVAS DAS SUBSTNCIAS MINERAIS - 2000

Medida
Minrio

Indicada

Inferida

Contido

2-NO-METLICOS
A G A LM A T OLIT O

1 3 .6 9 4 .1 6 7

1 6 .6 7 7 .8 8 5

8 .2 6 4 .4 3 4

A M IA N T O

2 7 3 .4 0 1 .6 5 3

1 6 .4 0 9 .4 7 9

1 6 .2 1 0

A R D SIA

3 5 4 .1 9 0 .0 1 6

4 3 5 .4 6 7 .9 0 0

1 7 8 .2 5 2 .7 6 2

A R EIA E C A SC A LHO

-1

7 0 3 .1 5 8 .2 2 5

3 5 2 .1 0 0 .4 9 3

A R EIA IN D U ST R IA L

1 .6
6 0 8 .0
0 6 4 .7
764

6 9 8 .6
6 6 4 .2
251

4 4 9 .3
3 1 9 .3
399

A R GILA S C O M . E PLA ST .

1 .8 0 5 .0 1 0 .8 3 6

5 8 9 .6 4 2 .4 7 7

9 3 7 .2 8 9 .7 9 2

A R GILA S R EF R A T R IA S

1 .6 3 0 .0 5 3 .2 7 9

6 2 0 .5 8 4 .6 4 9

1 6 1 .3 3 8 .0 1 4

5 0 .5 3 2 .5 0 3

9 .9 6 8 .5 8 4

3 9 .4 3 2 .1 5 0

4 5 7 .3 6 7 .4 5 6

2 5 4 .7 1 8 .3 0 9

1 3 4 .2 9 2 .8 0 8

2 2 5 .8 5 3 .2 2 5

7 2 .3 7 7 .0 8 6

4 1 .1 6 0 .1 2 1

4 0 .6 4 8 .3 3 4

2 5 .6 2 9 .1 2 4

4 5 .4 5 9 .7 5 8 .2 1 5

2 6 .0 8 7 .1 8 6 .0 8 8

1 8 .9 5 0 .9 9 3 .6 7 6

8 0 .8
8 8 0 .8
839

4 2 .3
3 7 5 .0
061

2 1 .5
5 2 3 .0
006

2 .4 6 7 .9 6 5 .9 3 7

1 .7 7 2 .8 8 6 .8 2 2

5 6 1 .9 1 6 .8 0 7

3 .6 4 3 .0 2 1

5 3 6 .3 2 2

5 3 2 .3 7 7

3 3 7 .2 7 1 .7 4 8

2 3 5 .2 5 0 .3 5 0

1 .3 5 0 .0 0 0

B R IO ( B A R IT A )
B A U X IT A R EF R A T R IA
B EN T ON IT A E A R G.D ESC OR
C A LC R IO
C A LC IT A
C A U LIM
C IA N IT A E O U T .M .R EF R A T
C O N C HA S C A LC A R IA S
C O R IN D O N

1 .5 4 6

8 6 .6 3 1 .5 7 4

RESERVAS DAS SUBSTNCIAS MINERAIS - 2000

Medida
ed da
Minrio

Indicada
d cada

Inferida
e da

Contido

2-NO-METLICOS
D IA T OM IT A

3 .3 3 0 .4 8 8

2 8 7 .1 4 1

1 3 9 .9 9 2

3 .0 4 7 .4 2 8 .1 3 7

9 1 1 .3 5 0 .1 9 3

3 6 0 .5 8 7 .1 8 1

EN X OF R E

1 1 .1 2 4 .5 3 6

1 .3 2 6 .8 2 1

F ELD SPA T O

5 4 .2 4 6 .6 4 0

4 0 .3 2 7 .1 6 5

3 6 .3 0 8 .4 3 7

1 2 6 .2 2 9 .8 1 5

4 0 .3 5 8 .4 9 4

2 4 .6 9 9 .6 9 1

1 3 .8 4 3 .0 0 6

5 .8 3 6 .6 7 5

1 5 8 .3 9 3 .6 3 7

8 8 8 .6 3 9 .5 1 3

3 8 3 .8 7 3 .1 9 2

4 5 6 .6 4 7 .5 2 8

9 9 8 .4 1 8 .2 4 8

7 7 .4 9 8 .0 9 9

1 3 9 .4 0 6 .3 1 4

6 .6 7 8 .9 2 6

3 4 .2 6 2 .4 1 9

2 5 .0 6 4 .9 4 2

3 .2 8 3 .3 3 7 .5 0 0

9 3 9 .1 0 8 .0 3 1

1 .0 1 8 .8 4 0 .4 6 7

D O LO M IT O

F ILIT O
F LU OR IT A E C R IOLIT A
GIPSIT A
GN A ISSE OR N A M EN T A L
GR A F IT A

1 0 0 .0 1 5 .4 7 3

GR A N IT O O R N A M EN T A L
LEU C IT A E N EF EL- SIEN

4 4 4 .0 3 1 .4 4 2

1 4 4 .4 8 4 .9 4 3

1 9 0 .0 9 9 .5 4 3

M A G N ESIT A

4 2 6 .9 1 1 .4 5 1

3 3 4 .4 5 5 .6 3 1

9 1 .9 6 0 .1 3 8

1 0 .9 6 3 .1 8 4

7 .9 7 8 .3 9 8

8 4 6 .4 3 2 .2 4 6

4 9 2 .9 3 3 .0 6 4

M A G N ESIT A O R N A M EN T A L
M R M OR E O R N A M EN T A L
M IC A

1 0 4 .1 2 5

1 0 6 .5 3 1

5 1 .0 0 6

OC R E

1 .5
5 0 1 .1
144

6 2 3 .8
811

9 .5
5 9 1 .1
120

3 .5 7 6 .6 1 3

1 8 3 .6 4 3 .7 4 0

2 .7
7 3 8 .7
736

RESERVAS DAS SUBSTNCIAS MINERAIS - 2000

Medida
Minrio

Indicada

Inferida

Contido

2-NO-METLICOS
OU T R A S PED R A S N A T U R A IS

-1

1 2 .0 9 7 .2 4 1

1 2 .1 1 5 .2 3 2

1 8 .7 3 5 .1 2 0

PED R A S B R IT A D A S

-1

7 .0
0 6 0 .7
7 4 5 .2
287

2 .5
5 2 0 .6
6 9 5 .0
077

1 .7
7 4 6 .4
4 0 4 .5
537

PED R A S N A T U R A IS

8 4 2 .0 0 0
5 .1 5 1 .9 8 4

5 4 .6 9 0

1 7 9 .6 4 9

8 .9 5 6 .7 7 3 .4 8 9

1 .0 0 1 .4 4 2 .8 0 4

3 .5 9 2 .9 9 0 .3 4 5

QU A R T Z IT O IN D U ST R IA L

8 0 8 .1 2 4 .7 9 1

8 8 6 .9 0 4 .0 4 6

4 9 0 .4 5 6 .4 6 4

QU A R T Z IT O OR N A M EN T A L

7 0 6 .5 5 1 .5 8 6

3 1 0 .8 0 7 .8 0 9

3 5 6 .0 1 8 .3 4 8

9 9 .2 7 6 .1 4 2

4 8 .3 7 7 .2 8 4

3 1 .2 9 9 .6 4 5

1 .0 2 9 .2 6 3

1 .2 9 2 .3 9 9

7 7 2 .5 8 5

2 .4 1 2 .4 6 2 .7 6 4

2 1 5 .2 9 8 .4 6 1

1 .1 0 0 .5 9 8 .7 1 9

1 0 .4 9 3 .7 7 1 .3 2 9

1 1 .1 5 8 .5 4 3 .9 0 2

2 .9 8 4 .0 0 0 .0 0 0

SER PEN T IN IT O IN D U ST R .

9 8 .5 6 2 .9 2 7

3 4 .9 2 7 .7 9 0

9 7 .6 6 6 .9 7 1

SILEX

1 5 .1 9 8 .3 0 8

1 5 .1 0 4 .8 1 3

6 .4 0 5 .7 4 6

-1

4 1 .6 4 6 .4 2 5

3 5 1 .9 0 6

T A LC O

5 7 .0 3 1 .7 3 0

1 5 .2 2 9 .7 6 4

1 4 .3 2 4 .1 8 9

TURFA

9 3 .5
5 4 5 .5
566

7 9 .1
1 1 4 .6
691

7 .9
9 3 4 .2
211

V ER M IC U LIT A E PER LIT A

1 0 .3 5 0 .9 4 5

5 .0 5 6 .6 1 1

1 4 .1 7 5 .0 1 0

PIR OF ILIT A
POT SSIO

QU A R T Z O
QU A R T Z O ( C R IST A L)
R .C A LC R IA S
R OC HA F OSF T IC A
SA L- G EM A

SOD A LIT A OR N A M EN T A L

1 .5 1 9 .5 9 0 .2 7 9

3 3 .4 3 8 .4 0 4
1 .0 1 3 .3 7 0 .2 6 0

Minrio

Contido

3 GEMAS E DIAMANTES
3-GEMAS
D IA M A N T E

5 3 9 .7 4 6 .6 6 6

2 0 .9 4 3 .4 4 6

3 .4 7 2 .1 1 5 .0 9 5

2 .1 1 3 .6 1 8 .5 1 6

7 .3 7 8 .0 0 6 .7 8 7

1 0 .8 0 6 .3 5 9 .3 7 3

6 .4 6 1 .0 1 2 .0 1 6

U R N IO E OU T .M .R A D IOA T

9 9 .2 4 7 .7 4 8

1 0 3 .1 9 7

2 1 .8 6 7 .4 8 6

X IST O E OU T .R O C H.B ET U M

2 3 3 .5 2 2 .0 0 7

3 4 3 .1 9 5 .0 0 0

1 6 0 .4 5 6 .0 0 0

GEM A S

1 .8 0 2 .2 7 0 .2 3 3

4-ENERGTICOS
CARV O

6 6 .9 5 7 .8 5 2

FIM