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RESUMO
O presente estudo analisou a hipottica relao hierrquica entre eficcia percepcionada, competncia
fsica e auto-estima global em basquetebolistas, bem como eventuais diferenas entre sexos e entre
atletas com e sem deficincia. Analismos tambm a influncia do tempo de prtica e da frequncia de
prtica nos nveis de eficcia, de competncia e de auto-estima global, em cada um dos grupos
estudados. Os participantes foram 193 basquetebolistas, 59 do sexo masculino com deficincia fsica
(32.80 11.64 anos), 80 do sexo masculino sem deficincia fsica (21.48 4.69 anos) e 54 do sexo
feminino sem deficincia fsica (22.91 3.11 anos), envolvidos em competies de nvel nacional. Os
resultados obtidos suportam a existncia de uma organizao hierrquica entre a eficcia
percepcionada, a competncia fsica avaliada atravs das autopercepes no domnio fsico e a autoestima global. Foi igualmente confirmada a existncia da autovalorizao fsica como varivel
moderadora ou preditora entre as percepes da base e o topo do modelo, ou seja, entre as percepes
no domnio fsico e a auto-estima global. Esta relao apresenta um sentido negativo, ou seja,
percepes fortes de competncia e de eficcia no geram sentimentos fortes de confiana e de
satisfao individual em outros contextos do dia-a-dia.
Palavras-chave: auto-eficcia, confiana fsica, auto-estima, desporto adaptado
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to assess the hypothetical hierarchical relationship between self-efficacy,
physical self and global self-esteem, in groups with and without physical disability as well as gender
and condition between groups. A second purpose was to assess the influence of independent variables,
such as time and frequency of sport involvement, on self-efficacy, physical competence and global selfesteem for each of the groups studied. Participants were 193 basketball players, 59 male athletes with
disability (mean age 32.80 11.64), 80 male athletes without disability (mean age 21.48 4.69), and
54 female athletes without disability (mean age 22.91 3.11), all participating in Portuguese national
competitions. Results showed evidence of a hierarchical organization among self-efficacy, physical selfperceptions and global self-esteem. Physical self-worth was also confirmed as a mediator between selfperceptions at the base of the model and feelings in the apex, i.e., between physical self-perceptions
and global self-esteem. However, this relationship was found to be a negative one. Strong perceptions
of self-efficacy and physical competence seem to generate weaker global feelings of self-confidence and
personal satisfaction in everyday life contexts.
Keywords: self-efficacy, physical confidence, self-esteem, disability sport
Financiamento. O projecto que esteve na origem do presente artigo foi financiado pelo Programa de Apoio
Financeiro Investigao no Desporto (PAFID) do Instituto de Desporto de Portugal.
Jos Pedro Ferreira, Pedro Miguel Gaspar, Maria Joo Campos e Cristina Maria Senra. Faculdade de Cincias do
Desporto e Educao Fsica, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal.
Endereo para correspondncia: Jos Pedro Ferreira, Faculdade de Cincias do Desporto e Educao Fsica,
Universidade de Coimbra, Estdio Universitrio Pavilho III, Santa Clara, 3040-156 Coimbra, Portugal.
E-mail: jpferreira@fcdef.uc.pt
Tabela 1
Valores de mdia e desvio padro relativos s autopercepes no domnio fsico, auto-eficcia e auto-estima global em
funo do sexo e da ocorrncia ou no de deficincia
Com deficincia
Sem deficincia
Masculino
Feminino
Masculino
Subescalas
Confiana Fsica
Atraco Corporal
Fora Fsica
Autovalorizao Fsica
Auto-Estima Global
Auto-Eficcia Percepcionada (%)
DP
DP
54
54
54
54
54
54
18.22
15.41
16.56
16.74
20.67
48.70
2.89
3.57
3.20
3.54
4.80
8.02
80
80
80
80
80
80
18.03
16.06
16.08
16.91
19.28
48.25
2.94
2.92
2.93
2.67
4.43
8.96
59
59
59
59
59
59
17.24
15.00
16.37
16.59
18.46
46.44
DP
4.01
3.30
3.06
3.63
4.71
10.30
(31.0)
AEG
AEG
.33**
.39*
(61.3)
.10
.48*
AVF
.33**
.05
.08
.34**
.63*
.68*
.60*
(60.7)
Conf
Fsica
.80*
.56*
.07
Atrac
Corp
(16.1)
Atrac
Corp
.41*
.35**
.51*
(22.7)
Conf
Fsica
Fora
.42*
AEFP
.50*
.22
(4.6)
.25
.05
Fora
.02
.66*
Perform
.01
AEFP
.19
Figura 1. Soluo standardizada e expandida do modelo EXSEM Participantes do sexo feminino sem
deficincia motora
(14.1)
AEG
AEG
.18
.17
.01
(46.8) .43**
AVF
.24
.09
.15
.30
.37**
.26
.56*
(48.1)
Conf
Fsica
.63*
Atrac
Corp
.57*
(9.0)
Atrac
Corp
.43**
.08
.08
.11
(7.8)
Conf
Fsica
Fora
.30
AEFP
.33
.06
(1.0)
Perform
.06
0.16
Fora
.08
.11
.55*
AEFP
.26
Figura 2. Soluo standardizada e expandida do modelo EXSEM Participantes do sexo masculino sem
deficincia motora
(15.9)
AEG
AEG
.33**
.51*
.23
(44.3) .61*
AVF
.28
.07
.12
.51*
.60*
.60*
.43*
(62.1)
Conf
Fsica
.78*
.35**
Atrac
Corp
.61*
(5.9)
Atrac
Corp
.39**
.42*
.51*
(21.1)
Conf
Fsica
Fora
.48*
(.4)
.54*
AEFP
.10
Perform
.23
.19
Fora
.23
.18
.72*
AEFP
.29
Figura 3. Soluo standardizada e expandida do modelo EXSEM Participantes do sexo masculino com
deficincia motora
Tabela 2
Nvel de significncia das variveis dependentes em funo da frequncia de prtica desportiva semanal Estatstica
univariada
At 3 vezes
Mais de trs vezes
p
por semana
por semana
Subescalas
M
M
.012*
16.84
18.48
Confiana Fsica
.001**
14.27
16.23
Atraco Corporal
.580
16.17
16.44
Fora Fsica
.001**
15.52
17.34
Autovalorizao Fsica
.010**
20.71
19.48
Auto-Estima Global
.022*
45.03
49.57
Auto-Eficcia Percepcionada (%)
* p < .05, ** p < .01
auto-eficcia
percepcionada tal como sugerido por
Sonstroem et al. (1991, 1994). igualmente
importante destacar que, para todos os grupos
em estudo, foram encontradas correlaes
negativas entre as autopercepes no domnio
fsico, incluindo autovalorizao fsica (tida
como varivel preditora), confiana fsica,
atraco corporal e fora fsica e a varivel
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quando
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