Confira se os dados contidos na parte inferior desta capa estão corretos e, em seguida, assine no

espaço reservado para isso.

1
Se, em qualquer outro local deste Caderno, você assinar, rubricar, escrever mensagem, etc., será
excluído do Exame.
Este Caderno contém 5 questões discursivas referentes à Prova da Língua Estrangeira escolhida
2
pelo candidato. Não destaque nenhuma folha.
Se o Caderno estiver incompleto ou contiver imperfeição gráfica que impeça a leitura, solicite
3
imediatamente ao Fiscal que o substitua.
Será avaliado apenas o que estiver escrito no espaço reservado para cada resposta, razão por
4
que os rascunhos não serão considerados.
Escreva de modo legível, pois dúvida gerada por grafia, sinal ou rasura implica rá redução de
5
pontos.
6 Só será permitido o uso de dicionário INGLÊS/INGLÊS.
A Comperve recomenda o uso de caneta esferográfica, confeccionada em material transparente,
7
de tinta preta. Em nenhuma hipótese se avaliará resposta escrita com grafite.

8 Utilize para rascunhos, o verso de cada página deste Caderno.

9 Você dispõe de, no máximo, três horas, para responder as 5 questões que constituem a Prova .

10 Antes de retirar-se definitivamente da sala, devolva ao Fiscal este Caderno.

Assinatura do Candidato: ________________________________________________

UFRN  Exame de Proficiência 2018_1  Inglês

As questões de 01 a 05, cujas respostas deverão ser redigidas EM PORTUGUÊS, referem -se
ao texto abaixo.

VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND CARDIOMETABOLIC SYNDROME: IS THE EVIDENCE SOLID?

Lubna A.G. Mahmood, Reem Al Saadi, Lorraine Matthews
Introduction
Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) or commonly referred to as metabolic syndrome (MS) is
a group of metabolic abnormalities that can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and
type 2 diabetes. It affects over one third of American adults and accounts for high healthcare
costs annually. It develops in an individual with any three of the following risk factors: obesity,
diabetes, hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia, and thrombosis. Recent evi dence has suggested that
inadequate Vitamin D may play a role in the development of some of these risk factors. MS is
more common in western societies compared to underdeveloped countries. In western societies,
individuals frequently consume a high calorie diet that lacks essential nutrients, and coupled with
limited sun exposure can restrict their Vitamin D synthesis. Both dietary and environmental
factors, along with the sedentary lifestyle, can lead to MS risk factors. Active research has
revealed the role of inadequate Vitamin D in the development of obesity, diabetes, inflammation,
and HTN. In contrast, limited research has been done on the role of Vitamin D in other risk factors
such as thrombosis and dyslipidemia. Research outcomes propose to increase the current
Vitamin D fortification level in foods to reduce the risk factors of MS. The aim of this paper is to
provide an overview of existing research studies and their approaches concerning the relationship
between Vitamin D intake and the development of CMS.
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin which has an important role in bone metabolism with
some anti inflammatory and immune modulating properties. It is very unique since it can be made
in the skin from exposure to sunlight. It is a hormone precurs or which presents in two forms:
Ergocalciferol or Vitamin D2 is found in plants and some fish and seafood cholecalciferol or
Vitamin D3 which is synthesized in the skin by sunlight. Vitamin D3 is synthesized from 7
dehydrocholesterol in the skin and transp orted to the liver by Vitamin D binding protein where it
undergoes hydroxylation to 25(OH)D (the inactive form of Vitamin D), and then, it is hydrolyzed in
the kidney by the enzyme 1 hydroxylase to 1,25(OH)D into its active form. The half life of Vitamin
D in the liver is about 3 weeks. Humans can fulfill their Vitamin D requirements normally by either
being exposed to the sun for enough time to produce adequate amounts or ingesting Vitamin D.
Vitamin D works with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to mediate skelet al mineralization by controlling
calcium absorption in the small intestine and maintaining calcium homeostasis in the
bloodstream. Good food sources of Vitamin D include certain kinds of fish, egg yolks, and milk,
and it can also be added to some food type s such as fortified products including margarine, milk,
rice, oats, and juices.
Vitamin D deficiency (VD) is a well-recognized condition which is prevalent worldwide,
particularly at northern latitudes, because of the low levels of UVB light exposure in w inter at
these latitudes. Several European studies have shown variation in Vitamin D status within
countries, which could be explained by factors such as reduced sunlight exposure, low dietary
intake of foods rich in Vitamin D, fortification of food with V itamin D, low physical health status, or
differences in biochemical assays used to measure Vitamin D levels. A study published in 2001
reported a prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency from 2% to 30% of European adults but found that
it increased to 75% or more in institutionalized older persons. Data from the Third National Health
and Nutrition Survey (NHANES III) showed that approximately one ‐quarter to one-half of
American adolescents and adults are deficient in Vitamin D if one uses a threshold of 25 ng/mL.
Data from various studies on postmenopausal women revealed that the levels of 1, 25 DHCC
below 75 nmol/L (30 ng/mL) ranged from 42% in Brazilian women to 92% in South Korean women.
Very deficient levels (≤10 ng/mL) are most prevalent in South Asia and the Middle East, possibly
because of cultural dress that limits sun exposure and extended periods of breastfeeding without
Vitamin D supplementation.
Disponível em: <http://www.amhsjournal.org on Friday>. Acesso em: 30 mar. 2018. [Adaptado].

UFRN  Exame de Proficiência 2018_1  Inglês  Ciências da Saúde 1

Questão 1
Explique, segundo o texto, qual a relação entre a síndrome metabólica e a vitamina D e por que
há maior incidência dessa síndrome no mundo ocidental.
Espaço para Resposta

Questão 2
Explique por que a Vitamina D é importante e descreva as duas formas pelas q uais o organismo
humano pode sintetizá-la, de acordo com o texto.
Espaço para Resposta

UFRN  Exame de Proficiência 2018_1  Inglês  Ciências da Saúde 2

Questão 3
Explicite a que os pesquisadores atribuem a variabilidade no status da Vitamina D em estudos
conduzidos em diferentes países europeus.
Espaço para Resposta

Questão 4
Discorra sobre os achados de pesquisa reportados no texto em relação à deficiência de vitamina D :
(a) nos Estados Unidos, (b) em mulheres na pós-menopausa e (c) na Ásia e Oriente Médio.
Espaço para Resposta

UFRN  Exame de Proficiência 2018_1  Inglês  Ciências da Saúde 3

Questão 5
Traduza o fragmento textual abaixo no espaço reservado para isso.
Seu texto deverá apresentar clareza e estar bem articulado tanto em termos estruturais
quanto de sentido.

In contrast, limited research has been done on the role of Vitamin D in other risk
factors such as thrombosis and dyslipidemia. Research outcomes propose to increase
the current Vitamin D fortification level in foods to reduce the risk factors of MS. The
aim of this paper is to provide an overview of existing research studies and their
approaches concerning the relationship between Vitamin D intake and the
development of CMS.

ESPAÇO DESTINADO AO TEXTO DEFINITIVO

UFRN  Exame de Proficiência 2018_1  Inglês  Ciências da Saúde 4