Amrrmrm

Hjrtjejtn

Oursj
 Oursj Hj
H j ej s `g _uo
_uogss
gssjj pjr
pj r
Amrrmrm Hjrjejn 

Jeí Ojkcgntgnrms... Ojkcgntgnrms:: _na, gu `nssg Ojkcgntgnrms pjrqug æ

pmrtnr `mqun vjoä sg tjrkmrí uam irmk`g g rgojkbgon`m Ojkcgntgnrm!
Ojkcgntgnrm!
Hja... Gu ag obmaj Amrrmrm Hjrtjejtn, ojkcgntgnrm pjr pmnxïj m amns
`g 0 mkjs. _ju kmturme `g Vjrtj Megirg kj Xnj Irmk`g `j _ue g qugrj
ojapmrtnebmr oja vjoäs ua pjuqunkbj `m ankbm trmdgtÿrnm kgssg auk-
`j `jog `m Ojkcgntgnrm.
Pu`j ojagéju mpÿs ankbm sgiuk`m igstméïj, pjns dí pu`g kjtmr j qumk-
tj sgrnm `ncáone ag rgojejomr kj agrom`j `g trmhmebj. Mktgs `js hjejs,
sgaprg trmhmebgn ojaj vgk`g`jrm g oja 8 ebms ag tjrkgn uam aïg
mnk`m amns ―kgurÿtnom― oja rgeméïj m kïj pj`gr gstmr pgrtj `ms ankbms
ebms pmrm pmrtnonpmr amns mtnvmagktg ga sgus orgsonagktjs g tmahîa
ga omsj `g meiuam gagriäkonm.
Mpÿs uam ojksuetm aî`nom oja ankbm ebm amns kjvm, m _jm, j aî`n aî`n--
oj ag rgojagk`ju, pjr qugst÷gs `g oun`m`js oja m sum smô`g, ojejomr
gem ga uam gsojenkbm ju orgobg sjagktg mpÿs js ? mkjs, oja nssj ejij
ag vn pgr`n`m g pgksmk`j j qug gu nrnm cmzgr kgssgs prÿxnajs ? mkjs
pmrm tgr `g vjetm ankbm rgk`m g mj agsaj tgapj pj`gr oun`mr ankbm
ebm `m cjram amns ojrrgtm pjssávge. Cjn gxmtmagktg kgssg ajagktj
qug tu`j ojagéju g ag pgiugn egahrmk`j `j agu obí `g crme`m
c rme`m km ejdm
ga qug trmhmebmvm g tj`js ag gejinmk`j g pg`nk`j m rgogntm `j Hjej
`g objojemtg qug gu bmvnm cgntj g egvm`j kmqugeg `nm... Gktïj pgksgn,
pjrqug kïj vgk`gr cmtnms `gssg hjej pmrm agus gx-ojegims `g trmhmebj:!
G mssna ojagéju ankbm djrkm`m `g hjegnrm, vgk`gk`j `urmktg 3 agsgs
cmtnms `g hjej `g pjrtm ga pjrtm kj ojaîronj `m ankbm on`m`g... @gpjns
ojagémrma ms gkojagk`ms `g ankn tjrtms, ga sgiun`m hjejs g tjrtms
amnjrgs g qumk`j vn ankbm migk`m gstmvm ejtm`m pmrm j aäs tj`j.

8 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Mpÿs gstu`mr hmstmktg g cmzgr auntjs oursjs, tgstmr g grrmr auntms rgogntms
rgogn tms
mj ejkij `gssgs amns `g 0 mkjs, gu sgktnm cmetm `g ua ojktmtj amns prÿxn-
aj oja ms pgssjms qug ag prjourmvma pmrm mprgk`gr g tmahîa `g rgogn- rgogn-
tms amns cíogns g `g uam amkgnrm amns prítnom `g cmzgr hjejs, pjr nssj rgukn
ankbms agebjrgs rgogntms g `noms kgssg oursj, oja j nktuntj `g gkourtmr j
sgu omankbj ruaj mj suogssj km Ojkcgntmrnm. Kÿs vmajs omankbmr duktms
ruaj mj tgu suogssj, ams tgkbm ua pjuoj `g pmonäkonm, pjns m Ojkcgntmrnm
kïj î meij cíone, ams oja ms rgogntms ogrtms g cjrém `g vjktm`g, vjoä pj`g-
pj`g -
rí sg tjrkmr m agebjr g amns rgqunsntm`m Ojkcgntgnrm `m sum on`m`g!
Pg `gsgdj tj`j j suogssj `j auk`j, pjns gssg oursj cjn ornm`j oja aun-
tj omrnkbj pmrm vjoä nknonmr ju `mr ua pmssj æ crgktg kgssm prjssïj enk-
enk -
`m `g Ojkcgntgnrm g qug m Ojkcgntmrnm trmkscjrag sum vn`m, mssna ojaj
trmkscjraju m ankbm.
Hgndjs... Amrrmrm Hjrtjejtn

? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ojktgô`j

Wtgksáenjs .......................................................................... 3

XGOGNPM_ @G AM__M_
Amssm Hmsg Hrmkom ........................................................... =6
Amssm `g Objojemtg ......................................................... =8
Amssm Xg` Sgevgt .............................................................. =0
Amssm Hemol ..................................................................... =3
Amssm Oburrjs ................................................................. =2
Amssm Vïj `g Eÿ .............................................................. 86

XGOGNPM_ @G OME@M_
Ome`m oja Egntg Ojk`gksm`j ........................................... 8?

XGOGNPM_ @G XGOBGNJ
Hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj ............................................................. 87
Hrnim`gnrj Prm`nonjkme
Prm`nonjkme ..........
.....................
.......................
.......................
......................
........... 89
89
@jog `g Egntg.................................................................... 8>
Xgobgnj `g Knkbj ............................................................. ?6
Imkmobg pmrm @rnp Omlg ...........
......................
.......................
.......................
................
..... ?8
Imkmobg pmrm Xgobgnj ..................................................... ??
Obmktnknkbj ..................................................................... ?0
Huttgrorgma ...................................................................... ?7
Obmktnknkbj pmrm Hjej ßrgj ............................................. ?3
Obmktnknkbj Gstmhnenzm`j ............
.......................
.......................
.......................
................
..... ?2

HJEJ_ @G _WOG__J
Hjej @rgssg` Omlg ...........
......................
.......................
.......................
......................
............... 06
Hjej @rnp Omlg ................................................................. 0?
Hjej Gsomam`j ................................................................. 07
Hjej Kmlg` Xg` Sgevgt ...................................................... 09
Hjej Kmlg` Omlg `g 8 Mk`mrgs ........................................ 0>
Hjej _pent .......................................................................... 7=
Hjej Gspmtuem`j...........
......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
...................
....... 7?
Hjej `g 8 Mk`mrgs Gspmtuem`j
G spmtuem`j ...........
.......................
.......................
....................
......... 77
Hjej Jk`ms Ojejrn`ms ...................................................... 72
Hjej ßrgj Hrmkoj ............................................................. 3=
Hjej Pgktméïj
Pgktméïj Emlm ............
.......................
.......................
.......................
......................
............... 3?
Hjej Objojemtu`j ............................................................. 37
Hjej Iejw Omlg ............................................................... 39
Hjej Hmhm`nkbj ga Hrnim`gnrj .......... ......................
.......................
....................
......... 3>
Hjej Jstgktméïj @jurm`j ............
.......................
.......................
.......................
..............
... 9=
@noms `g _uogssj .............................................................. 9?
  Wgksááenj
 Wgks enjss
Hmtg`gnrm

Gssm î nk`nspgksívge! Gem vmn cmzgr pmrtg `m sum vn`m

`g Ojkcgntgnrm. ]umk`j pu`gr kïj `gnxg `g nkvgs-
tnr ga uam hmtg`gnrm pemkgtírnm.

Cugt

Geg tga m cukéïj `g ansturmr auntj hga js nkirg-

`ngktgs, meîa `g sgr usm`j tmahîa pmrm hmtgr me-
me-
iuams amssms g orgags.

Hmemkém @nintme

Gem î auntj napjrtmktg g kjs mdu`m km gxmtn`ïj

`js nkirg`ngktgs `ms rgogntms. _ga `ôvn`m cmzgr ms
rgogntms utnenzmk`j m hmemkém kj euimr `ms xnomrms î
hga agebjr.

Gspítuem Xgtm g Mkiuem`m

_ïj cuk`magktmns pmrm gspmebmr js rgobgnjs kjs

hjejs g prnkonpmeagktg pmrm gspmebmr g mensmr ms
ojhgrturms.

Gspítuem g Ojebgr `g _nenojkg

_ïj auntj rgsnstgktgs g gvntma j `gspgr`áonj. _ïj

agebjrgs pmrm ansturmr js nkirg`ngktgs.
n kirg`ngktgs.

3 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Gspítuem Mensm`jrm

Mdu`m m mensmr m ojhgrturm kj hjej, `gnxmk`j mqug-

eg vnsume ensnkbj qug hgnrm m pgrcgnéïj.

Cjrams ju Mssm`gnrms

Gssms sïj napjrtmktássnams, pjns prgonsmajs `gems

pmrm cmzgr enk`ms amssms. Gxnstga `nvgrsjs tmam-
kbjs g cjramtjs, ams sgaprg nk`noj ms amns hmn-
xms oja meturm `g 7oa ju 9oa. Gspgonomagktg ms
qug usmrgajs sïj ms rg`jk`ms `g =2oa x 7oa

Mrj Ojrtm`jr `g Amssms

Gssg î cuk`magktme pmrm quga prgtgk`g trmhmebmr

oja Kmlg` Omlg, dí qug gssg Hjej rgqugr pgrcgn-
éïj kj tmamkbj `ms amssms
amssms g rgobgnjs. Oja j mrj
ojrtm`jr vjoä ojksgiunrí `nsojs pgrcgntjs, tj`js
gxmtmagktg `j agsaj tmamkbj.

Hnojs g _mojs `g Ojkcgntmr

Kïj î prgonsj tgr tj`js js aj`gejs

`g Hnojs, mtî pjrqug gxnstga auntjs
aj`gejs. Ams î hja qug mjs pju-pju-
ojs vjoä ví m`qunrnk`j js prnkonpmns
g amns usm`js, ojaj j =A `m Ynetjk,
==0 Cjebm, 0H g 3H `m Ynetjk, Hnoj
Vîtmem, Hnoj Vgreg M= ju M8 pmrm rg-
rg-
obgmr g ojhrnr js hjejs.
Js smojs `g ojkcgntmr pj`ga sgr
mqugegs `gsomrtívgns ga tmamkbj
aî`nj ju irmk`g.

9 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Vgkgnrms

_ïj auntj utgns, pjns ga meiuams rgogntms g cmrn-

kbm, j omomu g j méôomr sïj pgkgnrm`js. Meîa `nssj
utnenzmajs m pgkgnrm tmahîa pmrm kmenzmr meiuks
hjejs, prnkonpmeagktg Kmlg` Omlgs
Omlgs g Gspmtuem`js.

Vjtgs irmk`gs tnpj Hjwe

_ïj cuk`magktmns, pjns utnenzmajs g auntj, prnkon-

pmeagktg pmrm cmzgr vírnms ojejrmé÷gs kj Obmktneey.
Obmktneey.

Cmom irmk`g `g sgrrm

Î auntj napjrtmktg pjns gem tga ua ojrtg pgrcgntj,

gvntmk`j qug m amssm qug gscmrgem`m mj ojrtmr.

Hmnemrnkm

Pga m cukéïj `g muxnenmr km ajktmiga `j hjej.

Cmonentm g minenzm auntj m vn`m `m ojkcgntgnrm.

Kjssms Aïjs

Vjr ôetnaj g amns napjrtmktg,

kjssms aïjs sgrïj sgaprg kjs-
sj amns napjrtmktg nkstruagk-
tj `g trmhmebj, sïj gems qug vïj
pðr ga prítnom tu`j j qug vmajs
mprgk`gr g naminkmr pmrm prj`u-
éïj `g ua hjej. Oun`g hga `g
sums aïjs, amktgkbm ukbms our-
tms g utnenzg euvms sg pjssávge.

2 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Xgogntms @g
 Amssms
 =

Amssmm Hmsg
Amss H msg Hrmkom 
Hrmkom 
Nkirg`ngktgs

7 jvjs ju ?66i
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju 086i `g
méôomr rgkm`j
866ae `g egntg nktgirme ju egntg
`g ojoj
0 xáomrms `g 866ae ju 066i `g
cmrnkbm `g trnij oja cgragktj
866i `g amrimrnkm igem`m
= ojebgr (sjpm) `g gssäkonm `g
hmuknebm (jponjkme)

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Hmtm km hmtg`gnrm ga vgejon`m`g metm, js jvjs, j méôomr, m amrimrn-

km g m gssäkonm `g hmuknebm, mtî qug sg cjrag ua orgag cjcj g hrmk-
hrmk-
oj. Ga sgiun`m morgsogktg j egntg g hmtm amns ua pjuoj mtî tu`j
sg ansturmr, kgssg ajagktj om ua mspgotj `g qumebm`j, kïj sg
mssustg, î mssna agsaj.

=6 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

8. Mijrm ansturg m cmrnkbm `g trnij. Î napjrtmktg
n apjrtmktg kgstg ajagktj ans-
turmr tj`js js nkirg`ngktgs oja ua Cugt g `gpjns kjvmagktg hm-hm -
tgr km hmtg`gnrm pjr uks =6 sgiuk`js, sÿ pmrm qug tu`j qug hga
ansturm`j.
?. Vrjktnkbj, m amssm om hga pgsm`m g bjajiäkgm.
0. Egvg pmrm mssmr ga cjrkj prî-mqugon`j æ =26 irmus pjr mprjxnam`m-
mprjxnam`m-
agktg ?7 ankutjs.

@nom napjrtmktg4 Wtnenzg m amrimrnkm igem`m, pjns vjoä tgrí uam

amssm amns cjcm. Wtnenzg j egntg g js jvjs ga tgapgrmturm mahngktg.
Gu sgaprg nk`noj mssm`gnrms, (cjrams), hmnxms, pjns vjoä tgrí uam
amssm amns ajebm`nkbm g hrmkqunkbm.

Xgk` n na
  gkt j4
? ms s 
s m` gn r 
r ms ` g
=2oa x 7 oa

== Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 8

Amssmm `g Obj oj
Amss ojeem
mg 
g 
Nkirg`ngktgs

7 jvjs ju ?66i
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju 086i `g
méôomr rgkm`j
866ae `g egntg nktgirme ju egntg
`g ojoj
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju ?66i `g
cmrnkbm `g trnij oja cgragktj
866i `g amrimrnkm igem`m
= ± xáomrms `g 866ae ju =86i `g
objojemtg ga pÿ 96% ju =66%

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Km hmtg`gnrm ga vgejon`m`g metm, hmtm js jvjs, méôomr g m amrimrnkm

mtî cjramr ua orgag hrmkoj g cjcj. Ga sgiun`m morgsogktg j egntg
g hmtm ua pjuoj mtî ansturmr
ansturmr,, kgssm pmrtg m ansturm om pmrgogk`j
qug tmebju, pjns ojejomajs m amrimrnkm igem`m, ams î mssna ags-ags -
aj, kj kme `m supgr ogrtj.
8. Mijrm ojejqug js nkirg`ngktgs sgojs, sgk`j m cmrnkbm g j objojemtg
ga pÿ g ansturg oja ua cugt ju ojebgr irmk`g. @gpjns `g ansturm-
ansturm-

=8 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 `j amkumeagktg, hmtm pjr =6 sgiuk`js km hmtg`gnrm, sÿ pmrm qug js
nkirg`ngktgs sg ansturga pjr ojapegtj.
?. Vrjktj, egvg mj cjrkj prî-mqugon`j ga =26 irmus pjr mprjxnam`m-
mprjxnam`m -
agktg ?7 ankutjs.

@nom napjrtmktg4 _g vjoä qunsgr pj`g tmahîa utnenzmr j objojemtg

ga pÿ 76%.
Wtnenzg m amrimrnkm igem`m, pjns vjoä tgrí uam amssm amns cjcm g
amns metm.

Xgk` n  n agkt j4
? ms s 
sm  ` gn r 
rm  s ` g
=2oa x 7 oa

=? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ?

Amssm Xg` Sgevg 

Nkirg`ngktgs

7 jvjs ju ?66i
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju 086i `g
méôomr rgkm`j
866i `g amrimrnkm igem`m
=66ae `g orgag `g egntg ju
njiurtg kmturme
=66ae `g egntg nktgirme
0 xáomrms `g 866ae ju 066i `g
cmrnkbm `g trnij oja cgragktj
=7i `g omomu ga pÿ 76%
?6i `g ojrmktg ga ige
vgragebj.

Aj`j `g prgpmrj

=. Km hmtg`gnrm ga vgejon`m`g metm, hmtm js jvjs, méôomr g m amrimrnkm

mtî cjramr ua orgag hrmkoj g cjcj. Ga sgiun`m morgsogktg j egntg g
j orgag `g egntg g hmtm ua pjuoj mtî ansturmr,
ansturmr, kgssm pmrtg m ansturm

=0 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 om pmrgogk`j qug tmebju, pjns ojejomajs m
amrimrnkm igem`m, ams î mssna agsaj.
8. Mijrm ojejqug js nkirg`ngktgs sgojs, sgk`j Xgk` n  n agkt j4
m cmrnkbm `g trnij g j omomu ga pÿ, ví ojej- ? ms s 
sm  ` gn r 
rm  s ` g
omk`j mjs pjuojs g ansturg oja ua cugt ju =2oa x 7 oa
ojebgr irmk`g.
?. Vjr ôetnaj ojejqug j ojrmktg ga ige vgrag-
ebj g ansturg amns ua pjuoj. @gpjns `g ans-
ans-
turm`j amkumeagktg, hmtm pjr =6 sgiuk`js
km hmtg`gnrm, sÿ pmrm qug js nkirg`ngktgs sg ansturga pjr ojapegtj.
0. Vrjktj, egvg mj cjrkj prî-mqugon`j ga =76 m =36 irmus pjr mprjxn-
mprjxn -
am`magktg 07 m 76 ankutjs.

@nom napjrtmktg4 Mj utnenzmr j ojrmktg ga ige vgragebj, ojejqug

uam qumktn`m`g ga qug m amssm qug oja ua tja kïj auntj gsou- gsou -
rj, pjns qumk`j m amssm î mssm`m, gem gsourgog ua pjuoj g pjr nssj
sg tnvgr auntj ojrmktg, gem omrí amrrja mj nkvîs `g vgragebm.
Vmrm qug m amssm qug ga ua tja `g vgragebj hga hjkntj, î auntj
napjrtmktg mogrtmr m tgapgrmturm `j cjrkj, `gvgk`j sgr4
Cjrkj geîtrnoj =76 irmus.
Cjrkj m iís =36 irmus.

=7 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 0

Amssmm He
Amss Hemo
mol 
l 

Nkirg`ngktgs

7 jvjs ju ?66i
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju 086i `g
méôomr rgkm`j
866i `g amrimrnkm igem`m
866i `g orgag `g egntg
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju ?66i `g
cmrnkbm `g trnij oja cgragktj
26i `g omomu Hemol (kïj gxnstg
suhstntutj)
06i `g objojemtg ga pÿ 76%

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Km hmtg`gnrm ga vgejon`m`g metm, hmtm js jvjs, méôomr g m amrimrnkm

mtî cjramr ua orgag hrmk`j g cjcj. Ga sgiun`m morgsogktg j org- org-
ag `g egntg g hmtm ua pjuoj mtî ansturmr
ansturmr,, kgssm pmrtg m ansturm om
pmrgogk`j qug tmebju, pjns ojejomajs m amrimrnkm igem`m, ams î
mssna agsaj.

=3 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

8. Mpÿs nssj vmajs morgsogktmr js nkirg`ngktgs
n kirg`ngktgs
sgojs, m cmrnkbm, j omomu Hemol g j objojemtg
ga pÿ, ansturg hga tj`js gssgs nkirg`ngk-
tgs oja m mdu`m `g ua cugt ju ojebgr irmk- Xgk` n  n agkt j4
? ms s 
sm  ` gn r 
r ms ` g
`g, ví nktgromemk`j mjs pjuojs m cmrnkbm g j =2oa x 7 oa
omomu. Vjr ôetnaj, hmtm km hmtg`gnrm pjr =6
sgiuk`js, sÿ pmrm tgr ogrtgzm qug js nkirg-
`ngktgs sg ansturmrma pjr ojapegtj.
?. Vrjktj, egvg mj cjrkj prî-mqugon`j ga =26
irmus pjr mprjxnam`magktg ?7 ankutjs.

@nom napjrtmktg4 Gu ijstj `g mssmr ms amssms ga mssm`gnrms hmnxms,

(7oa `g meturm), pjrqug ms amssms oma amns ajebm`nkbms. _gaprg
usg m amrimrnkm igem`m g js jutrjs nkirg`ngktgs ga tgapgrmturm
mahngktg.
Napjrtmktg4 kïj gxnstg km`m qug suhstntun j omomu Hemol, sjagktg
oja geg vjoä vmn ojksgiunr ua rgsuetm`j pgrcgntj, oja uam amssm
hga gsourm g oja smhjr nkojapmrívge.

=9 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 7

Amssm Oburrjs 
Nkirg`ngktgs
7 jvjs ju ?66i ? =/8 xáomrms `g 866ae ju ?76i `g
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju 086i `g cmrnkbm `g trnij oja cgragktj
méôomr rgkm`j 866i `g amrimrnkm igem`m
866ae `g egntg nktgirme ju egntg `g = ojebgr (sjpm) ju 2i `g omkgem ga
ojoj pÿ

=2 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Hmtm km hmtg`gnrm ga vgejon`m`g metm, js

jvjs, j méôomr, m amrimrnkm g m gssäkonm `g
hmuknebm, mtî qug sg cjrag ua orgag cjcj g
hrmkoj. Ga sgiun`m morgsogktg j egntg g hmtm Xgk` n n agkt j4
? ms s 
s m` gn r 
amns ua pjuoj mtî tu`j sg ansturmr, (kgssg =2oa x 7 oa
rm  s ` g
ajagktj om ua mspgotj `g qumebm`j, kïj
sg mssustg, î mssna agsaj).
8. Mijrm ansturg m cmrnkbm `g trnij g m omkgem.
Î napjrtmktg kgstg ajagktj ansturmr tj-
`js js nkirg`ngktgs oja ua Cugt ju ojebgr
irmk`g g `gpjns kjvmagktg hmtgr km hmtg`gnrm pjr uks =6 sgiuk-
`js, sÿ pmrm qug tu`j qug hga ansturm`j.
?. Vrjktnkbj, m amssm om hga pgsm`m g bjajiäkgm.
0. Egvg pmrm mssmr ga cjrkj prî-mqugon`j æ =26 irmus pjr mprjxnam`m-
mprjxnam`m-
agktg ?7 ankutjs.

@nom napjrtmktg4 Gssm amssm î pgrcgntm pmrm rgobgnjs oja `jog `g

egntg g pmrm cmzgr Kmlg` Omlg tmahîa.

=> Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 3

Amssm
Ams sm Vïj
Vïj `g
`g Eÿ 
Nkirg`ngktgs
3 jvjs (sgpmrm`js oemrms g igams) = ojebgr (sjpm) `g gssäkonm `g
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju 086i `g hmuknebm
méôomr = ojebgr (sjpm) `g cgragktj ga pÿ.
? xáomrms `g 866ae ju ?66i `g 866ae `g egntg nktgirme
cmrnkbm `g trnij pgkgnrm`m

86 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojagog hmtgk`j km hmtg`gnrm j méôomr oja

ms igams g m gssäkonm `g hmuknebm mtî cjr-
cjr-
amr ua orgag hga cjcj. @gpjns m`nonjkg j
egntg g hmtm amns ua pjuoj. Xgk` n n agkt j4
? ms s 
s m` gn r 
rm  s ` g
8. @gseniug m hmtg`gnrm g morgsogktg m cmrnkbm =2oa x 7 oa
`g trnij pgkgnrm`m, j cgragktj g nkojrpjrg
amkumeagktg, ansturmk`j oja ua Cugt,
ojebgr ju gspítuem.
?. Vjr ôetnaj morgsogktg ms oemrms ga kgvg g
ansturg hga.
0. Vrjktj... _ÿ egvmr mj cjrkj prî-mqugon`j ga =26 irmus pjr mprjxn-
mprjxn -
am`magktg ?6 ankutjs.

@nom napjrtmktg4 Kj Vïj `g Eÿ gu prgrj utnenzmr sjagktg j pmpge

amktgnim kj cuk`j `m cjram g kïj uktj ms emtgrmns, mssna ojksnij
ua Vïj `g Eÿ amns metj g rgtj.

8= Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Xgogntms `g
Ome`ms
 9

Ome`m Hís
H ísnom
nom Kgurm 
Kgurm 
Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj Nkirg`ngktgs
=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngktgs 866ae `g íium
ga uam pmkgem g egvg mj cjij
= ojebgr (sjpm) `g gssäkonm `g
mtî cgrvgr pjr 7 ankutjs.
hmuknebm
8. Vrjktj... Mijrm î sÿ `gnxmr 8 ojebgrgs (obí) `g méôomr
gscrnmr. rgkm`j

Ome`m oja
oj a Egn
Egng Oj
Oj k`gksm`j 
Nkirg`ngktgs
Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj
± emtm `g Egntg Ojk`gksm`j
=. Mqun î sÿ ansturmr hga js ? nk-
nk - = ojebgr (obí) `g gssäkonm `g
irg`ngktgs g prjktj. hmuknebm
866ae `g íium

8? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Xgogntms `g
Xgobgnj
 >

 Hrni
 Hr nim`gnrj
m`gnrj hrmkoj 

Nkirg`ngktgs
s gr v 
vg  ` g hms g
8 Egntg Ojk`gksm`j  pmr m qume qugr 
r gobgn j
8 Omnxms (866i)
(866i) `g orgag `g egntg
= Ojebgr (omcî) `g amrimrnkm

87 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngktgs km pmkgem g egvg mj cjij hmnxj, ag-

xgk`j sga pmrmr ga ajvnagktjs onrouemrgs. Oun`g pmrm kïj qugnamr.
qugnamr.
8. Mssna qug ojagémr m sjetmr `j cuk`j `m pmkgem, `gseniug j cjij.
?. J pjktj ojrrgtj î qumk`j j hrnim`gnrj pmrmr `g gsojrrgr ga j rgtj
`m ojebgr g ojagémr m gsojrrgr ga pg`méjs. Gssg pjktj î n`gme pmrm
rgobgmr js hjejs g tmahîa cmzgr `gojrmé÷gs oja hnoj.

@noms napjrtmktgs4
Wtnenzg uam pmkgem `g cuk`j irjssj, pmrm gvntmr qugnamr sgu rgobgnj.
Wtnenzg sgaprg m prjpjréïj `g = pj=, ju sgdm, = egntg ojk`gksm`j pmrm
= orgag `g egntg.
Kïj nk`noj cmzgr amns `j qug 8 egntgs ojk`gksm`js + 8 orgags `g egn-
tgs `g uam sÿ vgz, pjns vmn `gajrmr auntj pmrm obgimr kj pjktj g j
hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj vmn omk`j amns mamrgej `j qug hrmkoj.
M amrimrnkm gktrm ga kjssm rgogntm mpgkms pmrm mdu`mr m gvntmr `g
qugnamr kj cuk`j `m pmkgem, gem kïj `í hrnebj g kga metgrm j smhjr
`j hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj.
Gssm î m hmsg `g qumequgr rgobgnj, m pmrtnr `gssm hmsg, vjoä ojksg-
ojksg -
iug ornmr uam irmk`g vmrng`m`g `g smhjrgs `g rgobgnj, ojaj enaïj,
amrmoudí, ajrmkij, knkbj, gto... Hmstm mpgkms vjoä m`nonjkmr js
smhjrnzmktgs.

Xgk` n  n agkt j4
G s 
s s 
sm  r gogn t 
tm  v mn 
r gk` gr r gobgn j p  pmmr m
ua hje j oja 8
omam` ms ` g r gob
gn j,
c gn t 
tj  ga c jr am ` g
=2oa x 7 oa.

83 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =6

 Hrni
 Hr nim`gnrj
m`gnrj Prm`non
Prm`nonjj kme 
Nkirg`ngktgs
8 Egntg Ojk`gksm`j = Ojebgr (omcî) `g amrimrnkm
8 Omnxms (866i) `g orgag `g egntg 0 ojebgrgs (sjpm) `g objojemtg ga
pÿ 76%

89 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngktgs km pmkgem g egvg mj cjij hmnxj, ag-

xgk`j sga pmrmr ga ajvnagktjs onrouemrgs. Oun`g pmrm kïj qugnamr.
qugnamr.
8. Mssna qug ojagémr m sjetmr `j cuk`j `m pmkgem, `gseniug j cjij,
(nssj `gajrm ga aî`nm 86 ankutjs).
?. Egahrg-sg `g egvmktmr m ojebgr pmrm vgr j pjktj, `gvg gstmr gsojr-
rgk`j ga pg`méjs g kïj ga j rgtj, gxmtmagktg niume mj hrnim`gn
hrn im`gn--
rj hrmkoj. Gssg pjktj î j pgrcgntj pmrm rgobgmr hjejs g trmhmebmr
oja hnojs `g ojkcgntmr.
@noms napjrtmktgs4 Wtnenzg egntg ojk`gksm`j `g hjm qumen`m`g, gu
nk`noj ms amroms Ntmahî, Ntmemo ju Egntg Ajém.
Vmrm ojejomr j rgobgnj kj hjej, utnenzg amkims `g ojkcgntmr sga hnoj,
ju oja Hnoj Vgreg M= ju M8, nssj cmonentm pmrm vjoä tgr omam`ms `g
rgobgnj amns rgtms.
_g vjoä zgr j rgobgnj ga ua `nm g cjr utnenzmr kj jutrj, g geg gstn-
gstn-
vgr auntj rag, vjoä pj`g mqugogr geg kj anorj-jk`ms pjr mprjxn-
mprjxn -
am`magktg = ankutj g ?6 sgiuk`js. J n`gme î trmhmebmr oja gssgs
rgobgnjs ga tgapgrmturm ajrkm. _g vjoä tgktmr pmssmr j rgobgnj kj
hjej, oja geg tjtmeagktg crnj, vmn `nouetmr hmstmktg sgu trmhmebj.

Xgk`n agkt j4 G ssm
r gogn t 
tm  v mn 
n r 
r gk`gr 
r gobgn j p
 pmmr m
ua hje j oja 8
omam`ms `g r gobgn j,
c gn t 
tj  ga c jr am `g
=2oa x 7 oa.

82 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ==

@jog
@j og `g Egn
Egng 
g 
Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj
Nkirg`ngktgs
=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngk-
tgs km pmkgem g egvg mj cjij = Egntg Ojk`gksm`j
hmnxj, agxgk`j sga pmrmr = Omnxms (866i)
(866i) `g orgag `g egntg
ga ajvnagktjs onrouemrgs. = Ojebgr (omcî) `g amrimrnkm
Oun`g pmrm kïj qugnamr.
066i `g `jog `g egntg (pj`g sgr
8. Mssna qug ojagémr m sjetmr ojaprm`j ju j `jog `g egntg
`j cuk`j `m pmkgem, `gseniug cgntj km pmkgem `g prgssïj oja
j cjij. = emtm `g egntg ojk`gksm`j).
@nom napjrtmktg4 Wtnenzg
ua @jog `g Egntg `g hjm
qumen`m`g.

Xgk`nagk t  tjj4
n m v mn
Gssm r gog t
 tm
r gk`gr r gobgnj pmr m
ua hjej oja 8
omam`ms `g r gobgnj,
n j ga c jr am `g
c g t
 tj
=2oa x 7 oa.

8> Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =8

Xgobgnj `g Kn
K nkbj 
Nkirg`ngktgs
8 Egntg Ojk`gksm`j = Ojebgr (omcî) `g amrimrnkm
8 Omnxms (866i) `g orgag `g egntg 2 ojebgrgs (sjpm) `g Egntg Knkbj
ga Vÿ

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngktgs km pmkgem g egvg mj cjij hmnxj, ag-

xgk`j sga pmrmr ga ajvnagktjs onrouemrgs. Oun`g pmrm kïj qugnamr.
qugnamr.
8. Mssna qug ojagémr m sjetmr `j cuk`j `m pmkgem, `gseniug j cjij.

?6 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 @noms napjrtmktgs4 Wtnenzg pmkgem `g cuk`j irjssj g utnenzg tmahîa
j egntg Knkbj jrninkme `m Kgsteî, mssna j smhjr omrí pgrcgntj g vjoä
mirgimrí amns vmejr mj sgu trmhmebj usmk`j prj`utjs `g prnagnrm
qumen`m`g.
@gnxg gscrnmr ga tgapgrmturm mahngktg.

Xgk` n  na
  gkt j4 G s 
ss 
s m 
r gogn t 
tm  v mn r gk` gr 
r gobgn j p pmmr m ua
hje j oja 8 omam` 
ms 
` g r gobgn j, c gn t 
tj  ga
c jr am ` g =2oa x 
7 oa.

?= Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =?

Imkmobg pmrm @rnp Omlg 

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

?. Egvg j orgag `g egntg pmrm gs-

qugktmr mtî cjramr pgqugkms Nkirg`ngktgs
hjebms ga tjrkj `m pmkgem.
866i `g objojemtg mj egntg
0. @gseniug j cjij g ojejqug j
objojemtg mj egntg pnom`j ga =66i `g orgag `g egntg
onam g oja m mdu`m `g ua
Cugt ju ojebgr, agxm mtî tj`j
j objojemtg `grrgtgr g vnrmr
uam ansturm bjajiäkgm.
7. Vrjktnkbj!
@nom napjrtmktg4 S
 Sjoä
joä pj`g
p j`g
usmr tmahîa objojemtg crm-
crm-
onjkm`j, `má î sÿ `grrgtgr g
usmr.

Xgk`nagk t  tjj4
 ntm v mn
Gssm r gog tm
r gk`gr æ `gojr méïj
`g ua hjej c g tj ntj
ga c jr am `g
=2oa x 7 oa.

?8 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =0

Imkmo
Imkmobg
bg pmrm Xg
Xgobg
obgnj 
nj 
Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Egvg j orgag `g egntg pmrm

gsqugktmr mtî cjramr pg- pg- Nkirg`ngktgs
qugkms hjebms ga tjrkj `m
pmkgem. 066i `g objojemtg agnj
mamrij
8. @gseniug j cjij g ojejqug
j objojemtg mj egntg pnom`j ?66i `g orgag `g egntg
ga onam g oja m mdu`m `g
ua Cugt ju ojebgr, agxm mtî
tj`j j objojemtg `grrgtgr g vnrmr uam ansturm bjajiäkgm.
?. Vrjktnkbj!
@nom napjrtmktg4 Vmrm usmr j Imkmobg ojaj rgobgnj î napjrtmktg
`gnxmr gscrnmr hga g tmahîa utnenzmr ua objojemtg kjhrg `g hjm
qumen`m`g, mssna, kj kme vjoä vmn tgr uam Imkmobg amns ensm, hrnebj-
hrnebj-
sm g `genonjsm.

Xgk`nagk t  tjj4 Gssm

 ntm v mn r gk`gr 
r gog tm
r gobgnj pmr m
ua hjej oja 8
omam`ms `g r gobgnj,
n j ga c jr am `g
c g t
 tj
=2oa x 7 oa.

?? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 Xgk`n agkt j4 G ssm
r gogn t 
tm  v mn 
=7
n r 
r g
k`gr æ `gojr méï j
`g ua hje j c gn t  t j
ga c jr am `g
=2oa x 7 oa.

Obmknknkbj 
Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngk-

tgs km hmtg`gnrm g hmtm ua Nkirg`ngktgs
pjuoj ga vgejon`m`g hmnxm
pjr uks 8 ankutjs, `gpjns mu- 866ae `g Obmktneey hga igem`j
agktg pmrm vgejon`m`g aî- aî- 8 Ojebgrgs (sjpm) `g egntg Knkbj
`nm pmrm metm g hmtm pjr amns 0 ga pÿ
ankutjs ju mtî cjramr pnojs. 8 Ojebgrgs (sjpm) `g egntg
8. Vrjktj, gssg î j pjktj n`gme ojk`gksm`j igem`j
pmrm ojhrnr g mensmr j hjej.
@nom napjrtmktg4 M ojejrméïj
`j Obmktnknkbj `gvg sgr cgntm sgaprg mpÿs geg gstmr hmtn`j kj pjktj
ogrtj g utnenzmk`j ojrmktg ga ige.
Sjoä pj`g muagktmr m qumktnm `js nkirg`ngktgs pmrm hjejs amnjrgs,
ví sgaprg `jhrmk`j m qumktn`m`g `js nkirg`ngktgs.

?0 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =3

 Hutgro
 H utgrorgma 
rgma 
Nkirg`ngktgs

=66i `g amrimrnkm ju amktgnim

=66i `g ijr`urm vgigtme
366i `g Ieméôomr pgkgnrm`j
06ae `g egntg enqun`j
?6i `g egntg ga pÿ (jponjkme)
Gssäkonm `g hmuknebm (jponjkme
(jponjkme))

Xgk`n agkt j4 G ssm
r gogn t 
tm  v mn 
n r 
r gk`gr 
æ `gojr méï j `g ua
hje j c gn t 
tj  ga c jr am
`g =2oa x 7 oa.

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojejqug tj`js js nkirg`ngktgs km hmtg`gnrm g ojagog hmtgk`j ga

vgejon`m`g aî`nm g muagktg pmrm metm mtî cjramr ua orgag `g hga
ojksnstgktg g rag.

?7 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =9

Obmkn
bmknknkb
knkbjj pm
pmrm Hj
H j ej ßrgj 
ßrgj 
Nkirg`ngktgs

066ae `g Obmktneey hga igem`j

Agnm omnxm `g egntg ojk`gksm`j
igem`j
3 Ojebgrgs (sjpm) `g egntg Knkbj
ga Vÿ.
8 Vmojtgs `g hnsojntj ßrgj sga
j rgobgnj g dí trnturm`j.

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Egvg m hmtg`gnrm j obmktneey, j egntg ojk`gksm`j g j Egntg Knkbj ga

Vÿ, hmtm ga vgejon`m`g aî`nm mtî obgimr kj pjktj `g ojhrnr j hjej,
qug î j pjktj ua pjuoj amns ajeg qug j pjktj `g hnoj.

?3 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

8. Ga sgiun`m m`nonjkg j hnsojntj ßrgj sga rgobgnj g trnturm`j, (pj`g
trnturmr kj enqun`nom`jr), g hmtm amns ua pjuoj mtî qug gstgdm oja-
oja-
pegtmagktg ansturm`j.
?. Vrjktj... Dí pj`g utnenzmr.

@nom napjrtmktg4 Gssg Obmktnknkbj pj`g sgr utnenzm`j tmktj pmrm

ojhrnr j hjej, ojaj pmrm rgobgmr g mtî cmzgr sjhrgagsms.
_gaprg utnenzmr j obmktneey g j egntg
e gntg ojk`gksm`j hga igem`js, nssj
vmn imrmktnr ua Obmktnknkbj amns rag.

Xgk` n  n agkt j4 G s  ss 

s  m r gogn t 
tm  ,
s g c jr ut n n e 
e z 
n   m` m m pgkms 
n 
 pmr m ojhr n  n r 
r j hje j, v mn 
r gk` gr ` jn s  s hje js c gn t  tj  s 
ga c jr am ` g =2o
a x 
7 oa, s g ut n  n e 
e z 
 n 
n  mr  p
 pmr m
ojhr n  n r 
r g r gobgmr , v mn 
r gk` gr ua hje j.

?9 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 =2

Obmkn
bmknknkb
knkbjj Gsmh
Gsmhnnenzm`j 
Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ansturg tj`js js nkirg`ngk-

tgs amkumeagktg oja ua Nkirg`ngktgs
Cugt ju ojebgr g ga sgiun`m
766ae `g Obmktneey igem`j
egvg m hmtg`gnrm, hmtgk`j
ga vgejon`m`g hmnxm, qumk- 36i `g egntg Knkbj ga Vÿ
`j m ansturm gstnvgr hga Egntg Ojk`gksm`j pmrm
nkojrpjrm`m muagktg pmrm tgxturnzmr
vgejon`m`g aíxnam. =7i `g Iemoä Xgme
8. J pjktj ojrrgtj î qumk`j j
Obmktneey gstnvgr hga rag g
j agnj `m hmtg`gnrm sgpmrmr
`ms emtgrmns. _g kgogssírnj
usg j egntg ojk`gksm`j `g-
pjns qug j obmktnknkbj gstn-
vgr prjktj pmrm tgxturnzmr.
@noms napjrtmktgs4 _gaprg
hmtgr j Obmktneey qumk`j geg
gstnvgr hga igem`j. Xgk`n agkt j4 G ssm
r gogn t 
tm  v mn 
n r 
Vmrm ojejrnr, usg sgaprg ojrmktgs ga ige. r gk`gr 
m `gojr méï j `g `jn s
hje js c gn t 
tj  s ga c jr am
Km bjrm `g `gojrmr, kïj gkobgr auntj j smoj `g `g =2oa x 7 oa.
ojkcgntmr,, pjns j omejr `ms aïjs pj`g aj`nomr
ojkcgntmr
m ojksnstäkonm `j Obmktnknkbj.

?2 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Hjejs `g
_uogssj
 =>

 Hjj ej @rgss
 H @rgs sg` Omlg
Omlg
Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog ojrtmk`j m pmrtg su-

pgrnjr `ms amssms pmrm knvgemr.
8. Mijrm ojejqug m prnagn-
rm amssm km gahmemiga,
(pmssg uam km omam`m
`g rgobgnj km gahmemiga,
nstj sgrvg ojaj ua tnpj `g
―ojem‑ pmrm m amssm xmr g
kïj sg ajvnagktmr), uag-
`gém, ojejqug j rgobgnj oja
muxáenj `g ua smoj `g ojk-
cgntmr g ua hnoj Vgreg =M ju
8M, gu sgaprg nk`noj kïj
ojejomr rgobgnj mtî m hjr`m
`m amssm, `gnxg m ag`n`m
`g ua `g`j `g `nstèkonm `m
hjr`m, pjns mssna qumk`j
cjrajs ojejomr m ojhgrturm
j rgobgnj kïj vmn kjs mtrm-
pmebmr. @gpjns rgpntm j prj-
prj-
ogssj mtî m ôetnam omam`m
`g amssm prgssnjkmk`j `gen-
om`magktg pmrm qug qug j
amns rgtj pjssávge.
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms smhjr objojemtg ju Hemol
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj
Prm`nonjkme (= rgogntm)
866i `g objojemtg agnj mamrij
crmonjkm`j
Vemom `g Pgxturm (aj`gej `g sum
prgcgräkonm)
Obmktneey ga pjktj `g ojhgrturm
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr m amssm
Ajrmkijs g hrnim`gnrjs pmrm
`gojrméïj
Hnoj 0H ju 3H pmrm kmenzmr
Hnoj Vgreg =M ju 8M
Ojrmktg ga ige (ojr `g sum
prgcgräkonm)
Cntm @urgx
Gahmemiga ju prmtj

06 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

?. @gpjns `g ajktm`j, ouhrm tj`j j hjej
hje j oja uam km omam`m `g obmktneey
obmktnee y.
0. Mijrm vmajs m pemom `g tgxturm, `grrgtm j objojemtg kj anorj-jk`ms
`g ?6 g ?6 sgiuk`js pmrm kïj qugnamr, mpÿs j objojemtg gstmr oja-
pegtmagktg `grrgtn`j, vmajs gspmebmr geg sjhrg m pemom `g tgxturm,
(m prjcuk`n`m`g `m pemom `gvg gstmr vnrm`m pmrm onam), cmém nssj oja
m pemom ga onam `g uam hmkom`m ju agsm, gspmebg hga mtî ojhrnr
tj`m m pemom, oun`m`j pmrm kïj ojejomr uam omam`m auntj irjssm `g
objojemtg, tnrg js gxogssjs sg kgogssírnj.
7. Gspgrg ua pjuoj j objojemtg sgomr, qumk`j vjoä gkojstmr j `g`j
km pemom g geg kïj smnr amns sudj `g objojemtg, qugr `nzgr qug gstí

0= Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 kj pjktj ojrrgtj pmrm gk-
vjevgr j hjej oja gssm pem-
om, kgssg ajagktj gsojr-
rgr ua pjuoj `g objojemtg
î kjrame. ]umk`j ojejomr m
pemom ga tj`m m emtgrme, xg
oja ua pg`méj `g tm @u- @u -
rgx, pmrm qug m pemom qug
hga cgobm`m g pjsnonjkm`m
kj hjej. Egvg pmrm m igem-
`gnrm pjr 7 ankutjs ju mtî
j objojemtg gk`urgogr pjr
ojapegtj.
3. Xgtnrg j hjej `m igem`gnrm,
rgajvm m tm `urgx g puxg
m pemom `g tgxturm `genom`m-
agktg, mtî tnrm-em tj`m.
9. Mijrm î bjrm `g utnenzmr sum
ornmtnvn`m`g oja js ajrmk-
ijs g hrnim`gnrjs pmrm `gojrmr m pmrtg supgrnjr `j Hjej.
2. M pemom `g objojemtg om ua pjuoj amns metm qug j Hjej, gxmtmagk-
gxmtmagk-
tg pmrm qug vjoä pjssm ojejomr js ajrmkijs g js hrnim`gnrjs oja
sgiurmkém qug gegs kïj omnma.
>. Vjr ôetnaj kmenzg oja j rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj ga pjktj `g hnoj,
utnenzg j hnoj =A `m Ynetjk, cmzgk`j pntmkims ga tj`m m pmrtg nkcg-
rnjr `j Hjej, nssj mdu`m m gsojk`gr qumequgr pgqugkm napgrcgnéïj `m
pemom `g objojemtg.

08 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 86

 Hjj ej @rnp
 H @rnp Omlg 
Omlg 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms hmsg hrmkom Objojemtg Crmonjkm`j ju
Xgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj (= imkmobg pmrm @rnp
rgogntm) Ojkcgntjs pmrm `gojrméïj
Obmktnknkbj ju Obmktneey Vnruentjs pmrm `gojrméïj
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr (irmk`gs g pgqugkjs)
Amkim `g ojkcgntmr Vÿ `g hrnebj Vîrjem ju Kmomrm`j
Hnoj =A `m Ynetjk Hjrrncm`jr
Vgreg =M ju 8M Hnskmim peístnom
Ojrmktg ga ige Gahmemiga ju prmtj

0? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog ojejomk`j m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm km gahmemiga,

(ojrtg m pmrtg supgrnjr pmrm knvgemr), pmssg uam km omam`m `g rg- rg -
obgnj pmrm ―ojemr‑ m amssm g gvntmr qug gem sg ajvnagktg km gahm-
emiga. Wag`gém m amssm g oja ua smoj `g ojkcgntmr g hnoj Vgreg
=M ju 8M ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, `gnxmk`j sgaprg
m ag`n`m `g = `g`j `m hjr`m sga rgobgnj, pmrm gvntmr qug j rgobgnj
kjs mtrmpmebg km bjrm `g ojhrnr j hjej. Xgpntm js prjogssjs mtî oj- oj -
ejomr m ôetnam omam`m `g amssm g kïj gsqugém `g prgssnjkmr egvg-
agktg ms amssms, pmrm qug j hjej qug j amns rgtj pjssávge.
8. Mijrm obgiju m bjrm `g ojhrnr tj`j j hjej, gsojebm m ojr `g sum prgcg-
räkonm, gu utnenzgn ua mzue oemrj km kjssm vá`gj muem, ojejqug j ojrmktg
ga ige mjs pjuojs kj obmktneey ju obmktnknkbj g ví ansturmk`j oja
uam gspítuem mtî obgimr kj tja `gsgdm`j. @gpjns oja m mdu`m `g ua
smoj `g ojkcgntmr g ua hnoj =M ju 8M ouhrm tj`j j hjej oja kjssj
obmktneey ju obmktnknkbj dí ojejrn`j, mpÿs nssj î vmajs mensmr j hjej
utnenzmk`j ms gspítuems rgtm g mkiuem`m, gssg î ua prjogssj `g pm- pm-
onäkonm pjns `gajrm ua pjuoj mtî j hjej qug ojapegtmagktg ensj.
?. Oja j hjej dí ojhgrtj g mensm`j, vmajs `grrgtgr j objojemtg crmonj-
km`j, gu utnenzgn ua objojemtg qug dí grm rjsm, ams vjoä pj`g tnkinr
j objojemtg hrmkoj oja j ojrmktg mprjprnm`j pmrm objojemtg. Mpÿs
`grrgtn`j j objojemtg g sga kgkbua iruankbj, ojejqug ga ua smoj
`g ojkcgntmr ju uam hnskmim peístnom g vmajs prgssnjkmr egvgagktg m
hnskmim km hjr`m supgrnjr `j hjej cmzgk`j j gsojrrn`nkbj, (cmém ajvn-
agktjs ojaj js `g ua gxmag `g gegtrjomr`njirmam), sg mpgrtmr cjr-
tg ms ijtms vïj gsojrrgr mtî gahmnxj, gktïj `jsg sum cjrém. Pgrankg
`g ojhrnr m pmrtg supgrnjr `j hjej oja gssg agsaj objojemtg.
0. Smajs mijrm `gojrmr m pmrtg supgrnjr, bjrm `g usmr m ornmtnvn`m`g,
gu z uam ansturm `g ojrmktgs km prÿprnm amkim `g ojkcgntmr g usgn
j Hnoj =A `m Ynetjk pmrm cmzgr uams pntmkims inimktgs ojejrn`ms,
ojejqugn tmahîa 8 pnruentjs kj agnj g gspmebgn meiuks ojkcgntjs ga
cjram `g gstrgems. Km pmrtg `g hmnxj tmahîa ojejqugn ga tj`m vje- vje-
tm ojkcgntjs ojejrn`js.
7. Vjr ôetnaj hjrrncgn j pÿ hrnebmktg Vîrjem.
3. Kgssg hjej vjoä pj`g cmzgr vírnms `gojrmé÷gs km pmrtg supgrnjr,
ojaj hrnim`gnrjs, objojemtgs, amomrjks, amrsbameejw g jutrjs
ojkcgntjs `g sum prgcgräkonm.

00 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 8=

 Hjj ej Gs
 H Gsomam`j 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms `g objojemtg ju Hemol _moj `g Ojkcgntmr
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj Prm`nonjkme Hnoj `g Ojkcgntmr Vgreg =M ju 8M
(= rgogntm) Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr
Gspítuem irmk`g Hrnim`gnrjs pmrm `gojrméïj
Gspítuem pgqugkm (tnpj `g pmssmr Gahmemiga ju prmtj
amktgnim kj pïj)

07 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Aj`j `g Vrgpmrj

=. Ojagog ojrtmk`j m pmrtg supgrnjr `ms amssms pmrm knvgemr

knvgemr,, omsj sgdm
kgogssírnj.
8. Ojejqug ua pjuoj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj jk`g sgrí ajktm`j j Hjej,
nstj sgrvg ojaj uam gspîong `g ojem pmrm ramr m amssm g gvntmr
qug gem sg ajvnagktg. @gpjns vmajs ojejomr m prnagnrm omam`m `g
amssm, sgk`j qug m pmrtg `g hmnxj `m amssm, sgrí m `g onam, gktïj
vnrg j `nsoj `g amssm g ―ojeg-j‑ kj prmtj, ví nktgromemk`j amssm g
rgobgnj, sgaprg mpgrtmk`j oja oun`m`j g uag`gogk`j ua pjuoj
m amssm. J rgobgnj vjoä pj`g ojejomr oja j muxáenj `j smoj `g ojk-
cgntmr g j hnoj Vgreg =M ju 8M, (j rgobgnj prgonsm gstmr ajrkj, pjns
ga tgapgrmturm mahngktg, kïj ojksgiunrgajs ua hja rgsuetm`j).
?. @gpjns `g ajktm`j g rgobgm`j, ouhrm tj`j j hjej oja m ojhgrturm,
qug kgstg omsj, sgrí j kjssj rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj, î napjrtmktg
sgaprg usmr rgobgnj `m agsam ojr `m ojhgrturm, gxgapej, sg vjoä
cjr cmzgr ua hjej gsomam`j hrmkoj, ouhrm j hjej oja hrnim`gnrj
hrmkoj. J Xgobgnj `gvg gstmr ajrkj pmrm ojksgiunrajs ojhrnr j
hjej, (pj`g mqugogr kj anorj-jk`ms ju km pmkgem, sg mqugogr km pm-
kgem, ojejqug ua pjuoj `g orgag `g egntg g egvg mj cjij hmnxj ag-
xgk`j sga pmrmr). Mpÿs mqugogr j rgobgnj geg omr oja uam
uam tgxturm
amns ajeg, vmajs ojhrnr tj`j j hjej oja m mdu`m `g gspítuem, sga
sg prgjoupmr oja m gstîtnom, pjns geg kïj prgonsm xmr hga ensj.
0. @gpjns qug j hjej gstnvgr tj`j ojhgrtj, vjoä cmrí m kmenzméïj utnen-
utnen-
zmk`j j hnoj Vgreg =M ju 8M. Cmém uam egnrm `g hjenkbms kj sgktn`j
vgrtnome km emtgrme `j hjej, mssna qug zgr gssm prnagnrm egnrm, pg-
pg-
iug m gspítuem pgqugkm g mensg om`m hjenkbm, mpgrtmk`j kj ogktrj
g puxmk`j, ojaj sg vjoä cjssg mobmtmr gssms hjenkbms kj sgktn`j
bjrnzjktme, m om`m hjenkbm qug zgr, enapg m gspítuem oja ua pgrcgx
ôan`j. Mqun
Mqun kgstg prjogssj, j usj `g uam hmnemrnkm vmn sgr gssäkonm
ga sgu trmhmebj, vjoä pj`g cmzgr gssg prjogssj sgktm`m, pjns tgrí
amns mpjnj g ojjr`gkméïj ajtjrm kms aïjs. Cmém egnrm pjr egnrm
ga tj`m m emtgrme `j hjej, î ua prjogssj `gajrm`j, ams qug om
enk`j!
7. Vmrm kmenzmr, ojejqug hrnim`gnrjs ga onam.

03 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 88

 Hjj ej Kmlg`
 H Kmlg` Xg` Sg
Sgevg 
Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojejqug ua pjuoj `g rg-

obgnj kj prmtj ju gahmem- J qug vmajs prgonsmr
iga jk`g sgrí ajktm`j j
Hjej, nstj sgrvg ojaj uam ? Amssms Xg` Sgevgt
gspîong `g ojem pmrm ramr Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj (=
m amssm g gvntmr qug gem sg rgogntm)
ajvnagktg. _moj `g Ojkcgntmr g hnoj Vgreg
8. Ojrtg js ? `nsojs `g amssms =M ju 8M
ga tmamkbjs gxmtmagk- Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr
tg niumns, (agsam meturm).
Ojebgr pgqugkm
Kmlg` Omlgs sïj hjejs qug
prgonsma `g `nsojs `g ams- Gahmemiga ju prmtj
sms pgrcgntmagktg niumns pmrm Ajrmkijs pmrm `gojrméïj
qug qug hjkntj g pgrcgntj.
?. Vmrm gssg Kmlg` Omlg gu gs-
ojebn j Hnoj Vgreg 8M, ams vjoä pj`g usmr jutrj hnoj tmahîa. Vmrm
rgobgmr m cmzgr m `gojrméïj `ms hjr`ms, j rgobgnj `gvg gstmr ajrkj,
(pj`g mqugogr kj anorj-jk`ms), vjoä prgonsm sgktnr geg ajrkj qumk-
`j ojejomr km amkim `g ojkcgntmr.
0. Wag`gém ua pjuoj m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm, kms hjr`ms qug
î jk`g j rgobgnj `gvg gstmr mpmrgktg g hjkntj, cmém hjenkbms oja j
rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj, usmk`j m amkim `g ojkcgntmr g j hnoj
Vgreg 8M, mpgrtg `genom`magktg g cmém hjenkbms `j agsaj tmam-
kbj. Mpÿs
Mpÿs ojapegtmr tj`m m hjr`m `m amssm, ojapegtg j ogktrj oja

09 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 rgobgnj, cmém tj`js gssgs prj-
og`nagktjs nssj mtî m ôetnam
omam `g amssm. Kjssj Kmlg`
Omlg omrí oja 8 omam`ms `g
rgobgnj.
7. Mijrm vmajs kmenzmr m pmrtg
supgrnjr, ojaj gu ijstj sga-
prg `g `nzgr, gstg î j ajagktj
`m ornmtnvn`m`g. Kgssg Kmlg`
Omlg gu z hjenkbms amnjrgs
ga tj`m m hjr`m supgrnjr g
oja m mdu`m `m pmrtg `g trís `g
uam ojebgr pgqugkm, gu z ua
ajvnagktj puxmk`j g prgssnj-
kmk`j m hjenkbm kj kj sgktn`j `g
cjrm pmrm j ogktrj `j Hjej, z
nssj ga tj`ms, sgaprg enapmk-
`j g uag`gogk`j oja íium m
pmrtg `ms ojstms `m ojebgr. Gssg
momhmagktj om pmrgogk`j j
`gsgkbj `g uam jr. Vmrm km-
km-
enzmr mnk`m ojejqugn meiuks aj-
rmkijs hga kj ogktrj.

02 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 8?

 Hjj ej Kmlg`
 H Kmlg` Omlg
Omlg `g 8 Mk`m
Mk`mrgs 
rgs 
Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Mqun sgiunajs m agsam sg-

quäkonm `g ajktmiga `g J qug vmajs prgonsmr
amssms g rgobgnj `j Kmlg`
Omlg kjrame `g = mk`mr, m ? Amssms Xg` Sgevgt (88oa x
ôknom ojnsm qug kïj prg- 7oa)
onsmajs tgr oun`m`j g dm- ? Amssms Xg` Sgevgt (=7oa x
amns gsqugogr sïj omkjs `g 7oa)
supjrtg.
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj (?
8. Ojaj î ua Kmlg` `g Omlg rgogntms)
`g 8 mk`mrgs, vjoä pj`g jp- _moj `g Ojkcgntmr g hnoj Vgreg =M
tmr pjr ajktmr m pmrtg supg- ju 8M
rnjr sgpmrm`m g `gpjns ojej-
om-em g ogktrmenzm-em ga onam Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr
`j mk`mr `g hmnxj, ju pj`g Ojebgr pgqugkm
ajktmr `nrgtj ga onam `geg. Gahmemiga ju prmtj
?. Mpÿs tgr j prnagnrj g sgiuk- Ajrmkijs pmrm `gojrméïj
`j mk`mr ajktm`js, prgon- _upjrtg pmrm hjej `g mk`mr
smajs mijrm `mr gstruturm æ (omkjs peístnojs)
pmrtg `g hmnxj, pjns gem prg-
onsm supjrtmr j pgsj `j hjej
`j sgiuk`j mk`mr.
0. Gu usgn mqugegs omknkbjs peístnojs hrmkojs, gspgoáojs pmrm supjr-
supjr-
tg `g hjejs `g mk`mr, kj pmojtnkbj vga 7 g oustm km hmsg X$ =8,66.
_g vjoä kïj gkojktrmr pj`g utnenzmr pmentnkbj `g oburrmsoj rgvgstn-

0> Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 `j oja pmpge meuaáknj pmrm
bningknzmr.
7. Gssg supjrtg, (omkj `g peís-
tnoj), prgonsm sgr gxmtmagk-
tg `m meturm `j Hjej `g hmn-
xj, pmrm nssj ojejomajs ua
`gssgs supjrtgs kj agnj `j
hjej mtî gkojstmr kj cuk`j
`j prmtj ju gahmemiga g
`gpjns amromajs m meturm
oja uam cmom ju omkgtm,
ga sgiun`m rgajvgajs
gssg supjrtg, ojrtmajs km
amroméïj g oja gssm ag-
`n`m ojrtmajs amns ?, pmrm
utnenzmrajs 0 `gstgs supjr-
tgs kj tjtme.
3. _jagktg mpÿs ojejomr gstgs
0 supjrtgs gkomnxm`js kj
hjej, qug vjoä pj`grí oj-
ejomr j jutrj hjej ga onam
ju ajktmr j sgiuk`j mk`mr
ga onam `geg.
9. Vmrm kmenzmr gu rgojagk-
rgojagk-
`j ua trmhmebj oja hnoj
ga tj`m m hjr`m gktrg ua
mk`mr g jutrj pmrm ojhrnr
ojapegtmagktg j prmtj `j
sgiuk`j mk`mr.

76 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 80

 Hjj ej _p
 H _p enen  

J qug vmajs prgonsmr

8 Amssms `g Objojemtg ju Hemol Objojemtgs ju hrnim`gnrjs pmrm
Xgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj g `gojrméïj
Hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj Gspítuem pgqugkm
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr _pent (ojkcgntjs `g objojemtg)
Gahmemiga ju prmtj

7= Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog sgaprg pmssmk`j ua pjuoj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj ju gahm-

emiga, nssj sgrvg ojaj ―ojem‑ pmrm qug j hjej kïj sg ajvnagktg.
Ga sgiun`m pmssg j rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj ga tj`m m emtgrme `m prn-
agnrm amssm `j hjej, (j rgobgnj `gvg gstmr hga ajrkj, pmrm nssj
vjoä pj`g mqugog-ej kj anorj-jk`ms).
8. Mijrm vga m pmrtg qug igrm uam ―hmiukonkbm‑ g sudgnrm, pjr nssj
cmém ga uam agsm ju prgcgrgkonmeagktg `gktrj `g uam cjram
irmk`g. Ojejqug `gktrj `gstm cjram irmk`g js _pents, (ojkcgntjs `g
objojemtg, usg ua prj`utj `g hjm qumen`m`g), g `gpjns vmn inrmk`j m
amssm `j hjej mtî qug tj`m m emtgrme qug ojapegtmagktg ojhgrtm
oja spents.
?. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug gssm amssm kj prmtj ju gahmemiga, uag`gém
g ojejqug uam omam`m `g rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj, utnenzg ua
smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j Hnoj =A `m Ynetjk, (vjoä pj`g utnenzmr jutrj
hnoj sg prgcgrnr), ví ojejomk`j ga ajvnagktjs onrouemrgs `ms hjr-
`ms pmrm j ogktrj `j hjej.
0. Mijrm vmajs rgpgtnr j prjogssj `g pmssmr hrnim`gnrj km emtgrme `m
amssm g `gpjns nr inrmk`j `gktrj `m cjram oja _pents, pmrm qug gegs
iru`ga ga tj`m m emtgrme. Gssm amssm î m ôetnam, gktïj vmajs pms- pms-
smr hrnim`gnrj tmahîa ga tj`m m pmrtg supgrnjr
supgrnjr,, egahrmk`j sgaprg
`g vnrmr m amssm g usmr m pmrtg amns rgtm g ensm
e nsm pmrm onam. Kgstg Hjej
gu usgn mpgkms uam omam`m `g rgobgnj, ams vjoä pj`g cmzgr oja
8 ju ? omam`ms `g rgobgnj sg prgcgrnr, pjns geg om tnpj ua Kmlg`
Omlg ojhgrtj oja _pents kms emtgrmns.
7. Cnkmenzg ojejomk`j js _pents tmahîa km pmrtg supgrnjr, egahrmk`j,
usg _pents `g hjm qumen`m`g, pjns sïj gegs qug vïj sgr j `ncgrgkonme
`g hgegzm g vmejr ga sgu trmhmebj g ga sgu Hjej.

78 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 87

 Hjj ej Gs
 H Gspmuem`j 
Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog pmssmk`j ua pjuoj

`g rgobgnj kj prmtj, pmrm xmr J qug vmajs prgonsmr
m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm,
gstg pjuoj `g rgobgnj sgrvg ? Amssms Hmsg Hrmkom
ojaj uam gspîong `g ―ojem‑ Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj Hrmkoj (=
pmrm qug j Hjej kïj sg ajvm. rgogntm)
8. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug m prn- Obmktnknkbj ju Obmktneey
agnrm omam`m `g amssm kj Vÿ `g Hrnebj
prmtj ju gahmemiga g uag-
Hjrrncm`jr
`gém ua pjuoj, mijrm oja
j smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j hnoj Gspítuem
Vgreg 8M, ojejqug m prnagn- Mensm`jr
rm omam`m `g rgobgnj, ega-
Veístnoj eag
hrmk`j qug rgobgnj `gvg
gstmr sgaprg ajrkj, pjns _moj `g ojkcgntmr
cmonentm kgstg ajagktj `g Hnoj Vgreg 8M
gspmebmr ga onam `m amssm.
Vrmtj ju gahmemiga
Xgpntm gstgs prjogssjs mtî m
ôetnam omam`m `g amssm. ? Xjsms kmturmns ju m jr `g sum
prgcgräkonm
?. Mijrm obgiju m bjrm `j oj-
hrnr kjssj hjej, ams sga
sg prgjoupmr auntj oja m
gstîtnom, mpgkms ouhrm tj`j j hjej oja obmktneey ju obmktnknkbj,
(hmtn`j kj pjktj amns ajeg pmrm tgrajs ua rgsuetm`j kme amns

7? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ensj g momhmagktj
pgrcgntj).
0. Oja j Hjej tj`j oj-
hgrtj, vmajs ojag-
émr m trmhmebmr oja m
gspítuem irmk`g, `g-
vg-sg inrmr m hmnemrnkm
g `gnxmr m aïj pmrm`m
pmrm mensmr j obmktneey
obmktneey..
7. Kj hjej gspmtuem`j
pmrtg `m amssm `gvg
omr egvgagktg mpm-
mpm-
rgktg g jutrms pmrtgs
ojhgrtms pgej obmktneey,
ams tgkbm oun`m`j
pmrm kïj amobuomr m
amssm oja m gspítuem.
3. Vmrm cmzgr ms qunkms
pgrcgntms, utnenzg uam
gspítuem mkiuem`m, gem vmn `mr ua hgej momhmagktj km pmrtg supg-
rnjr `j Hjej. Gktrg oja m gspítuem mkiuem`m ga sgktn`j rgtj, ga-
purrmk`j `ms hjr`ms pmrm j ogktrj, enapg m gspítuem g rgpntm gssg
prjog`nagktj mtî tnrmr tj`j j gxogssj `g obmktneey `m pmrtg supgrnjr,
`gnxmk`j ms qunkms g m pmrtg `g onam `j hjej j amns rgtj pjssávge.
9. Mpÿs nssj vmajs gsojebgr ? rjsms hga hjkntms ju m jr `g sum prg-
prg-
cgräkonm, ojrtmr oja tgsjurm ju cmom hjm pmrtg `j omhj. M pjktm `g
omhj qug sjhrju km rjsm, vjoä prgonsm ojhrn-em pjr ojapegtj oja
peístnoj eag, mtî omr hga prjtgin`j, gvntmk`j qumequgr ojktmtj
oja j Hjej.
2. Oja ms rjsms dí `g omhjs ojhgrtjs, g bningknzm`ms oja íeojje, hmstm
gsojebgr m agebjr pjsnéïj pmrm xmr gems kj Hjej.
>. Vmrm kmenzmr gu hjrrncgn j pÿ `g hrnebj g tmahîa ua pjuoj `g méô-
méô-
omr napmepívge. Kïj gsqugém `g enapmr hga j prmtj ju gahmemiga
jk`g gstí j Hjej.

70 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 83

 Hjj ej `g 8 Mk`m
 H Mk`mrgs
rgs Gspmuem`j 
Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. M ajktmiga `gstg Hjej

Gspmtuem`j `g 8 mk`mrgs î
auntj sgagebmktg mj Kmlg`
Omlg `g 8 mk`mrgs, ams kgs-
tg aj`gej `g Hjej `g mk`mr,
kïj pj`gajs ajktmr m pmrtg
`g onam sgpmrm`magktg, tg-
ajs qug cmzgr m ajktmiga
g `gojrméïj `nrgtmagktg
ga onam `j mk`mr `g hmn-
xj, pjns ojaj geg `gvg gstmr
ojhgrtj oja obmktneey, kïj
tgajs ojaj ojejomr m aïj
kgeg pmrm ogktrmenzmr, `ncg-
rgktgagktg `j qug jojr-
rg kjs Kmlg` Omlgs. Gktïj
vjoä vmn tgr qug ajktmr g
`gojrmr prnagnrj m pmrtg `g
hmnxj g `gpjns ajktmr m pmr-
tg `g onam `nrgtmagktg ga
onam `j Hjej.
8. Ojagog pmssmk`j ua pju-
oj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj, pmrm
xmr m prnagnrm omam`m `g
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms Hmsg Hrmkom (88oa x 7oa)
? Amssms Hmsg Hrmkom (=7oa x 7oa)
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj Hrmkoj (?
rgogntms)
Obmktnknkbj ju Obmktneey
Vÿ `g Hrnebj
Hjrrncm`jr
Gspítuem
Mensm`jr
Veístnoj eag
_moj `g ojkcgntmr
Hnoj Vgreg 8M
Vrmtj ju gahmemiga
3 Xjsms kmturmns ju m jr `g sum
prgcgräkonm
_upjrtg pmrm hjej `g mk`mr
(omkjs peístnojs)

77 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 amssm, gstg pjuoj `g rgobgnj sgrvg ojaj uam gspîong `g ―ojem‑
pmrm qug j Hjej kïj sg ajvm. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug m prnagnrm omam-
`m `g amssm kj prmtj ju gahmemiga g uag`gém ua pjuoj, mijrm
oja j smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j Hnoj Vgreg 8M, ojejqug m prnagnrm om-
am`m `g rgobgnj, egahrmk`j qug rgobgnj `gvg gstmr sgaprg ajrkj,
pjns cmonentm kgstg ajagktj `g gspmebmr ga onam `m amssm. Xgpntm
gstgs prjogssjs mtî m ôetnam omam`m `g amssm.
?. Mijrm vmajs ojhrnr j hjej oja obmktneey ju obmktnknkbj. Oja j Hjej
tj`j ojhgrtj, vmajs ojagémr m trmhmebmr oja m gspítuem irmk`g,

73 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 `gvg-sg inrmr m hmnemrnkm g `gnxmr m aïj pmrm`m pmrm mensmr
men smr j obmktneey.
Kj hjej gspmtuem`j pmrtg `m amssm `gvg omr egvgagktg mpmrgktg
g jutrms pmrtgs ojhgrtms pgej obmktneey, ams tgkbm oun`m`j pmrm kïj
amobuomr m amssm oja m gspítuem.
0. Mijrm vmajs `mr gstruturm æ pmrtg `g hmnxj, pjns gem prgonsm supjrtmr
j pgsj `j hjej `j sgiuk`j mk`mr. Gu usgn mqugegs omknkbjs peístnojs
hrmkojs, gspgoáojs pmrm supjrtg `g hjejs `g mk`mr, kj pmojtnkbj
vga 7 g oustm km hmsg X$ =8,66. _g vjoä kïj gkojktrmr pj`g utnenzmr
pmentnkbj `g oburrmsoj rgvgstn`j oja pmpge meuaáknj pmrm bningknzmr.
7. Gssg supjrtg, (omkj `g peístnoj), prgonsm sgr gxmtmagktg `m meturm `j
Hjej `g hmnxj, pmrm nssj ojejomajs ua `gssgs supjrtgs kj agnj `j
hjej mtî gkojstmr kj cuk`j `j prmtj ju gahmemiga g `gpjns amrom-
amrom-
ajs m meturm oja uam cmom ju omkgtm, ga sgiun`m rgajvgajs gssg
supjrtg, ojrtmajs km amroméïj g oja gssm ag`n`m ojrtmajs amns
?, pmrm utnenzmrajs 0 `gstgs supjrtgs kj tjtme.
3. _jagktg mpÿs ojejomr gstgs 0 supjrtgs gkomnxm`js kj hjej, qug
vjoä pj`grí ojagémr m ajktmr j jutrj hjej ga onam `geg.
9. Mijrm cmém km pmrtg `g onam js agsajs prjogssjs `g ajktmiga g
mensmagktj km pmrtg supgrnjr `j hjej, qug sgrí j sgiuk`j mk`mr.
2. Vmrm kmenzmr vmajs utnenzmr ms rjsms kmturmns bningknzm`ms g oja js
omhjs ojrtm`js g ojhgrtjs oja peístnoj eag, pmrm qug kïj tgkbm
ojktmtj oja j Hjej, ojejqug ? jrgs km pmrtg `g hmnxj g ? km pmrtg
`g onam. Sjoä pj`g tmahîa hjrrncmr pÿ `g hrnebj g pgkgnrmr méôomr
napmepívge ga onam, (jponjkme).

79 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 89

 Hjj ej k`ms
 H k`ms Oj
Oj ej
ejrn`ms 
rn`ms 
Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog ojejomk`j m prn-

agnrm omam`m `g amssm km
gahmemiga, (sg kgogssírnj
ojrtg m pmrtg supgrnjr pmrm
knvgemr), pmssg uam km om-
om-
am`m `g rgobgnj pmrm ―ojemr‑
m amssm g gvntmr qug gem sg
ajvnagktg km gahmemiga.
Wag`gém m amssm g oja
ua smoj `g ojkcgntmr g hnoj
Vgreg 8M ojejqug m prnagnrm
omam`m `g rgobgnj, `gnxmk-
`j sgaprg m ag`n`m `g =
`g`j `m hjr`m sga rgobgnj,
pmrm gvntmr qug j rgobgnj kjs
mtrmpmebg km bjrm `g ojhrnr
j hjej. Xgpntm js prjogssjs
mtî ojejomr m ôetnam omam-
omam-
`m `g amssm g kïj gsqugém
`g prgssnjkmr egvgagktg ms
amssms, pmrm qug j hjej - -
qug j amns rgtj pjssávge.
8. Oja kjssj hjej ajktm`j g
rgobgm`j, mijrm vmajs oj-
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms Hmsg Hrmkom
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj Hrmkoj (=
rgogntm)
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr
Obmktneey ju obmktnknkbj
Gspítuem pgqugkm (tnpj mqugems
`g pmssmr amktgnim kj pïj)
Hjrrncm`jr
Vÿ `g hrnebj `jurm`j onktnemktg
g rjsm
Íeojje `g ogrgme ju `gstnem`j
Pjppgr (gu usgn `g hmnemrnkm)
Vîrjems ojagstávgns pmrm
Vîrjems
`gojrméïj
_moj `g Ojkcgntmr
Hnoj Vgreg 8M
Vrmtj ju Gahmemiga

72 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 hrnr oja obmktneey ju obmk-
tnknkbj, sga sg prgjoupmr
oja m gstîtnom. @gpjns qug
gstnvgr tj`j ojhgrtj vmajs
ojagémr m mensmr tj`j geg
oja ms gspítuems, tnrmk`j
tj`j j gxogssj `g obmktneey
g oja m gspítuem mkiuem`m
cmzgr m pmrtg supgrnjr g ms
qunkms pgrcgntms. Gktrg oja
m gspítuem mkiuem`m ga
sgktn`j rgtj, gapurrmk`j
`ms hjr`ms pmrm j ogktrj,
enapg m gspítuem g rgpntm
gssg prjog`nagktj mtî tnrmr
tj`j j gxogssj `g obmktneey
`m pmrtg supgrnjr, `gnxmk-
`j ms qunkms g m pmrtg `g
onam `j hjej j amns rgtj
pjssávge.
?. @gpjns qug j hjej gstnvgr
tj`j mensm`j, vmajs cm-
zgr m tîoknom `ms jk`ms.
Oja uam gspítuem pgqug-
km, cmém ajvnagktjs hga
sumvgs oja aïj suhnk`j g
`gsogk`j, (ua ajvnagktj
`g jk`m), inrmk`j m hmnemrn-
km mtî onrouemr tj`j j hjej
g `gpjns rgpntm j prjogssj
ejij mhmnxj mtî tgr cgntj
nssj ga tj`j j hjej. M pmrtg
`g onam î m agsam ojnsm, ajvnagktjs `g jk`m mtî obgimr kj ogk-
ogk -
trj `j hjej. Gstgs `gtmebgs `g jk`m omrma amns mpmrgktgs qumk`j
hjrrncmrajs j pÿ `g hrnebj ojejrn`j.
0. Mijrm kj hjrrncm`jr ojejqug uam ojebgr, (omcî), hga obgnm, `g pÿ
`jurm`j g m`nonjkg = `g`j `g íeojje `g ogrgme g ansturg hga. Ojag
hjrrncmk`j m pmrtg onam tj`m, ga sgiun`m ví hmnxmk`j g hjrrncmk`j
mtî agtm`g `j Hjej. Gu usgn 8 ojrgs, ams vjoä pj`g usmr ? ju amns
sg qunsgr.
7. Mpÿs hjrrncmr mtî m agtm`g, emvg j hjrrncm`jr oja íium, ojejqug j
pÿ rjsm oja íeojje `g ogrgme, ansturg g snim hjrrncmk`j `m agtm`g
pmrm hmnxj. Ms jk`ms vïj omk`j enk`ms oja gssg gcgntj `g ojrgs g
hrnebj. Enapg hga j prmtj ju gahmemiga g ogrtnqug-sg qug j hjej
oju ojapegtmagktg ojhgrtj oja ms ojrgs g hrnebj.
3. Vjr ôetnaj ojejqug j Pjppgr
Pjppgr ga onam, usg sum ornmtnvn`m`g, pjns gssg
hjej `g jk`ms ojahnkm oja `nvgrsjs Pjppgrs
Pjppgrs g `gojrmé÷gs.
9. Vmrm kmenzmr gu ojejqugn pîrjems irmk`gs ga onam g pgqugkms km
pmrtg `g hmnxj `j hjej, `mk`j ua momhmagktj gspgonme. Vmrm `gnxmr
amns iemaurjsj gssg hjej, vjoä pj`g hjrrncmr pÿ `g hrnebj pîrjem
kgeg.

36 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 82

 Hjj ej ßrgj
 H ßrgj Hrmkoj 
H rmkoj 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms Hemol = Vmojtg `g hnsojntj ßrgj
Xgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj (= rgogntm) _moj `g ojkcgntmr
Obmktnknkbj `g ßrgj Hnoj Vgreg 8M g =A `m Ynetjk
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr Gahmemiga ju Vrmtj

3= Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog ojejomk`j m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm km gahmemiga,

(sg kgogssírnj ojrtg m pmrtg supgrnjr pmrm knvgemr), pmssg uam km
omam`m `g rgobgnj pmrm ―ojemr‑ m amssm g gvntmr qug gem sg ajvn-
agktg km gahmemiga. Wag`gém
Wag`gém m amssm g oja ua smoj `g ojkcgn-
tmr g hnoj Vgreg 8M ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, (rgobgnj
`gvg gstmr ajrkj, sg kgogssírnj, mqugém kj anorj-jk`ms), `gnxmk`j
sgaprg m ag`n`m `g = `g`j `m hjr`m sga rgobgnj, pmrm gvntmr qug j
rgobgnj kjs mtrmpmebg km bjrm `g ojhrnr j hjej. Xgpntm js prjogssjs
mtî ojejomr m ôetnam omam`m `g amssm g kïj gsqugém `g prgssnjkmr
egvgagktg ms amssms, pmrm qug j hjej qug j amns rgtj pjssávge.
8. Mijrm vmajs ojhrnr j hjej oja j obmktnknkbj `g ßrgj, (tga rgogntm
`geg mqun km mpjstnem g tmahîa tga js prjogssjs km vá`gj muem),
ouhrm tj`j j hjej sga sg prgjoupmr oja m mpmräkonm. @gpjns qug
geg gstnvgr tj`j ojhgrtj, vmajs mensmr oja ms gspítuems. Vj`g oj-
agémr mensmk`j m pmrtg supgrnjr, sum aïj om pmrm`m sgiurmk`j m
gspítuem g sÿ m hmnemrnkm vmn inrmk`j. Ga sgiun`m mensg m emtgrme, tnrg
js gxogssjs g `gpjns pmssg m gspítuem mensm`jrm, mssna vjoä vmn `gn-
xmr sgu hjej hga ensnkbj g oja m gspítuem mkiuem`m cmém ms qunkms.
?. Vmrm kmenzmr enapg j prmtj g ga onam `j hjej, oja j hnoj =A `m
Ynetjk, cmém j ajvnagktj `g hmnxj pmrm onam, ojaj sg gstnvgssg
`gojrmk`j ua Oupomlg.
Oupomlg. Cmém nssj ga tj`m m hjr`m supgrnjr
supgrnjr..
0. Vjr ôetnaj ojejqug ga onam `g om`m `gtmebg ua hnsojntj ßrgj nk-
tgnrj, sg mobmr js ankn hnsojntjs ßrgj, tmahîa vmn omr enk`j g amns
`genom`j.

38 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 8>

 Hjj ej Pgkm
 H Pgkméïj
éïj Emlm 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
8 Amssms Xg` Sgevgt ju Hemol =7 Hmrrms pgqugkms `g objojemtg
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj g Emlm
Hrnim`gnrj Hrmkoj Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr
_moj `g Ojkcgntmr Gspítuem pgqugkm
Hnoj Vgreg 8M g 3H `m Ynetjk Vrmtj ju gahmemiga

3? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog ojejomk`j m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm km gahmemiga,

(sg kgogssírnj ojrtg m pmrtg supgrnjr pmrm knvgemr), pmssg uam km
omam`m `g rgobgnj pmrm ―ojemr‑ m amssm g gvntmr qug gem sg ajvn-
agktg km gahmemiga. Wag`gém
Wag`gém m amssm g oja ua smoj `g ojkcgn-
tmr g hnoj Vgreg 8M ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, (rgobgnj
`gvg gstmr ajrkj, sg kgogssírnj mqugém kj anorj-jk`ms), `gnxmk`j
sgaprg m ag`n`m `g = `g`j `m hjr`m sga rgobgnj, pmrm gvntmr qug j
rgobgnj kjs mtrmpmebg km bjrm `g ojhrnr j hjej. Kgssg hjej qug mssgn
ga cjram =7oa x 7oa, usgn mpgkms uam omam`m `g rgobgnj, pjns j
objojemtg Emlm kïj î auntj metj. Wsgn =7 hmrrms kj tjtme, sgk`j =0 km
emtgrme g = km pmrtg supgrnjr pmrm `gojrmr
`gojrmr..
8. @gpjns `g rgobgmr g ojejomr m jutrm pmrtg `m amssm, ga onam `j rg
rg--
obgnj, vmajs ojhrnr tj`j j hjej oja j rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj hrmk-
oj, pmrm nssj prgonsmajs mqugogr gssg rgobgnj kj anorj-jk`ms ju
km egvmk`j mj cjij g morgsogktmk`j ua pjuoj `g orgag `g egntg,
agxgk`j sga pmrmr pmrm kïj qugnamr. @gpjns `g mqugogr j rgobgnj,
pmssg km emtgrme `g tj`j j hjej oja m mdu`m `g uam gspítuem.
?. Mijrm î bjrm `g ojejomr ms hmrrnkbms `g objojemtg Emlm ga tj`m m
emtgrme, ojejqug hga duktnkbj uam `m jutrm.
0. Km pmrtg supgrnjr vjoä pj`g kmenzmr oja j hrnim`gnrj trm`nonjkme,
cmzgk`j pgqugkms pntmkims oja j hnoj 3H `m Ynetjk ga tj`m m pmrtg
supgrnjr g gssg agsaj `gtmebg km pmrtg nkcgrnjr `j prmtj, om enk`j.
en k`j.
7. Vmrm kmenzmr ojejqugn uam hmrrnkbm `g Emlm hga kj ogktrj `j hjej.
Cnom ua euxj. Egahrg-sg qug vjoä pj`g usmr km emtgrme jutrj tnpj `g
objojemtg tmahîa.

30 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ?6

 Hjj ej Obj
 H Objoj
ojemu
emu`j 
`j 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms Hemol _moj `g Ojkcgntmr
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj (8 rgogntms) Hnoj Vgreg 8M g 3H `m Ynetjk
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr Hrnim`gnrjs pmrm `gojrmr
_pents ju Ojkcgntjs `g Objojemtg Vrmtj ju gahmemiga

37 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog pmssmk`j ua pjuoj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj, pmrm xmr m prn-

prn -
agnrm omam`m `g amssm, gstg pjuoj `g rgobgnj sgrvg ojaj uam gs-
pîong `g ―ojem‑ pmrm qug j Hjej kïj sg ajvm.
8. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm kj prmtj ju gahm-
emiga g uag`gém ua pjuoj, mijrm oja j smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j Hnoj
Vgreg 8M, ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, egahrmk`j qug j
rgobgnj `gvg gstmr sgaprg ajrkj, pjns cmonentm kgstg ajagktj `g
gspmebmr ga onam `m amssm. Xgpntm gstgs prjogssjs mtî m ôetnam om-
om -
am`m `g amssm, mpgrtmk`j oja oun`m`j m amssm, pmrm gem iru`mr
kj rgobgnj.
?. @gpjns `g ajktm`j, ouhrm j hjej oja j prÿprnj rgobgnj `g hrnim-
hrnim-
`gnrj, pmrm nssj prgonsmajs mqugogr gssg rgobgnj kj anorj-jk`ms ju
egvmk`j mj cjij g morgsogktmk`j ua pjuoj `g orgag `g egntg, ag-
xgk`j sga pmrmr pmrm kïj qugnamr. @gpjns `g mqugogr j rgobgnj,
pmssg km emtgrme `g tj`j j hjej oja m mdu`m `g uam gspítuem.
0. Mijrm qug j hjej gstí tj`j ojhgrtj `g hrnim`gnrj, vmajs ojejomr js
_pents ga tj`m gssm emtgrme pmrm `gojrmr j hjej. Sjoä `gvg cmzgr nssj
oja ms aïjs, ojemk`j js _pents ga tj`m m emtgrme `j hjej.
7. Vmrm kmenzmr, kj tjpj utnenzg j hnoj 3H `m Ynetjk g js hrnim`gnrjs.

33 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ?8

 Hjj ej Iejw
 H Iej w Omlg 
Omlg 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms Hmsg Hrmkom Hjrrncm`jr
Xgobgnj `g Hrnim`gnrj Hrmkoj (= Gspítuems pmrm mensmr
rgogntm) _moj `g ojkcgntmr
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr Hnoj Vgreg 8M
Obmktneey ju obmktnknkbj Ajrmkijs
Ojrmktg ga ige vgragebj Pjppgr `g Kmtme
Vÿ `g hrnebj pîrjem Gahmemiga ju prmtj

Ajktmiga g `gojrméïj

=. Ojagog pmssmk`j ua pjuoj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj, pmrm xmr m prn-

prn -
agnrm omam`m `g amssm, gstg pjuoj `g rgobgnj sgrvg ojaj uam gs-
pîong `g ―ojem‑ pmrm qug j Hjej kïj sg ajvm.
8. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm kj prmtj ju gahm-
emiga g uag`gém ua pjuoj, mijrm oja j smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j hnoj
Vgreg 8M, ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, egahrmk`j qug j
rgobgnj `gvg gstmr sgaprg ajrkj, pjns cmonentm kgstg ajagktj `g
gspmebmr ga onam `m amssm. Xgpntm gstgs prjogssjs mtî m ôetnam om-
om -
am`m `g amssm, mpgrtmk`j oja oun`m`j m amssm, pmrm gem iru`mr
kj rgobgnj g omr rgtm.

39 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

?. @gpjns vmajs ojhrnr oja j
obmktnknkbj dí tnkin`j km ojr
`gsgdm`m, kgssg omsj gu usgn j
vgragebj, ouhrm oja hmstmktg
obmktnknkbj tj`j j hjej, ga
sgiun`m oja uam gspítuem vm-
ajs ojagémr tnrmk`j j gxogssj
`m pmrtg supgrnjr g `gpjns `ms
emtgrmns oja m gspítuem mensm-
`jrm. Gssm pmrtg `g mensmagktj
rgqugr omeam g pmonäkonm pmrm
qug qug hga ensnkbj g rgqugr
j usj `g uam hjm hmnemrnkm.
Vmrm cmzgr ms qunkms `g onam,
usg uam gspítuem mkiuem`m
pgqugkm.
0. Mijrm qug kjssj hjej gstí ensj
g rgtj, vmajs enapmr j hga j
prmtj ju gahmemiga, pmrm `g-
pjns ojagémr m hjrrncmr tj`j j
pÿ `g hrnebj kj hjej. Vj`g oj-
ejomr hmstmktg hrnebj agsaj,
gxmigrg, pjns Hjejs Iejw Omlgs
sïj mssna agsaj, auntj hrn-
ebjsjs g iemajrjsjs.
7. Vmrm kmenzmr utnenzgn ua Pjppgr
Pjppgr
`g Kmtme g ajrmkijs.
3. Gstg aj`gej `g hjej, vjoä pj`g `gojrmr mpgkms oja crutms ga
onam, cmzgr `m ojr qug qunsgr, oja j tjppgr qug qunsgr g pmrm m `mtm
ojagajrmtnvm qug qunsgr,
qunsgr, geg î suogssj imrmktn`j.

32 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ??

 Hjj ej Hmh
 H H mhm`n
m`nkbj
kbj ga Hrni
Hrnim`g
m`gnnrj 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms hmsg hrmkom ju Hemol Hnoj Cjebm ==0
Xgobgnj ga Hrnim`gnrj Hrmkoj (8 Hnoj Vgreg 8M
rgogntms) 3H `m Ynetjk
Ome`m pmrm uag`gogr _pents ju objojemtg hrmkoj
_moj `g ojkcgntmr Gahmemiga ju Vrmtj

3> Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog pmssmk`j ua pjuoj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj, pmrm xmr m prn-

prn -
agnrm omam`m `g amssm, gstg pjuoj `g rgobgnj sgrvg ojaj uam gs-
pîong `g ―ojem‑ pmrm qug j Hjej kïj sg ajvm.
8. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm kj prmtj ju gahm-
emiga g uag`gém ua pjuoj, mijrm oja j smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j Hnoj
Vgreg 8M, ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, egahrmk`j qug j
rgobgnj `gvg gstmr sgaprg ajrkj, pjns cmonentm kgstg ajagktj `g
gspmebmr ga onam `m amssm. Xgpntm gstgs prjogssjs mtî m ôetnam om-
om -
am`m `g amssm, mpgrtmk`j oja oun`m`j m amssm, pmrm gem iru`mr
kj rgobgnj g omr rgtm.
?. Mijrm vmajs ojhrnr j hjej oja j prÿprnj rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj
hrmkoj, pmrm nssj prgonsmajs mqugogr gssg rgobgnj kj anorj-jk`ms
ju egvmk`j mj cjij g morgsogktmk`j ua pjuoj `g orgag `g egntg,
agxgk`j sga pmrmr pmrm kïj qugnamr. @gpjns `g mqugogr j rgobgnj,
pmssg km emtgrme `g tj`j j hjej oja m mdu`m `g uam gspítuem.
0. @gpjns `j hjej ojhgrtj g ensj g rgtj, vmajs cmzgr js hmhm`nkbjs `m
emtgrme, usg j hnoj Cjebm ==0 g mpgrtg j smoj `g ojkcgntmr `g hmnxj
pmrm onam, cmzgk`j ua ajvnagktj hga rípn`j oja m aïj pmrm
onam g pmrm hmnxj, mtî obgimr kj tjpj. Cmém gssm egnrm uam `j em`j
`m jutrm mtî onrouemr tj`j j hjej, tgktmk`j `gnxmr js hmhm`js j amns
rgtj pjssávge.
7. Mpÿs cmzgr tj`m m emtgrme `j hjej, vjoä pj`g cmzgr oja j hnoj 3H `m
Ynetjk g j hrnim`gnrj uams pntmkims ga tj`m m hjr`m `g onam `j
hjej g kj ogktrj g kmenzgn oja _pents `g objojemtg hrmkoj.
3. Gssg hjej vjoä pj`g cmzgr ga vírnms ojrgs, tnkink`j j hrnim`gnrj
hrmkoj oja js ojrmktgs ga ige ju pj`g mtî agsaj cmzgr js hmhm-
hmhm -
`js ga obmktneey.

96 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 ?0

 Hjj ej Jgk
 H Jgkméïj
méïj @j
@ j urm`j 
J qug vmajs prgonsmr
? Amssms `g Objojemtg Íeojje `g ogrgme
Xgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj hrmkoj ju Hrnim`gnrjs pmrm `gojrméïj
trm`nonjkme (= rgogntm) _moj `g ojkcgntmr
Ome`m pmrm uag`gog Gahmemiga ju Vrmtj
Ojkcgntjs ojejrn`js Hnoj Vgreg 8M
Vÿ `jurm`j

9= Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Ajktmiga g @gojrméïj

=. Ojagog pmssmk`j ua pjuoj `g rgobgnj kj prmtj, pmrm xmr m prn-

prn -
agnrm omam`m `g amssm, gstg pjuoj `g rgobgnj sgrvg ojaj uam gs-
pîong `g ―ojem‑ pmrm qug j Hjej kïj sg ajvm.
8. Ga sgiun`m ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g amssm kj prmtj ju gahm-
emiga g uag`gém ua pjuoj, mijrm oja j smoj `g ojkcgntmr g j Hnoj
Vgreg 8M, ojejqug m prnagnrm omam`m `g rgobgnj, egahrmk`j qug j
rgobgnj `gvg gstmr sgaprg ajrkj, pjns cmonentm kgstg ajagktj `g
gspmebmr ga onam `m amssm. Xgpntm gstgs prjogssjs mtî m ôetnam om-
om -
am`m `g amssm, mpgrtmk`j oja oun`m`j m amssm, pmrm gem iru`mr
kj rgobgnj g omr rgtm.
?. Mijrm vmajs ojhrnr j hjej oja j prÿprnj rgobgnj `g hrnim`gnrj, pmrm
nssj prgonsmajs mqugogr gssg rgobgnj kj anorj-jk`ms ju egvmk`j mj
cjij g morgsogktmk`j ua pjuoj `g orgag `g egntg, agxgk`j sga
pmrmr pmrm kïj qugnamr. @gpjns `g mqugogr j rgobgnj, pmssg km emtg
emtg--
rme `g tj`j j hjej oja m mdu`m `g uam gspítuem.
0. Mpÿs j hjej gstmr ensj g tj`j ojhgrtj, vmajs ―ojemr‑ km emtgrme js ojk-
cgntjs ojejrn`js. Oja ms aïjs ví ojejomk`j mjs pjuojs js ojkcgntjs
ga tj`m m emtgrme `j hjej. Ga sgiun`m enapg j prmtj ju gahmemiga.
7. Km pmrtg supgrnjr `j hjej ojejqug js hrnim`gnrjs hga kms hjr`ms,
ua mj em`j `j jutrj, kj ogktrj ojejqug amns ojkcgntjs ojejrn`js.
3. Vmrm kmenzmr vmajs hjrrncmr tj`j j hjej `g `jurm`j. Ojejqug = oj-
oj-
ebgr `g pÿ `jurm`j g ua `g`j `g íeojje `g ogrgme kj hjrrncm`jr g
ansturg hga g ojagog m hjrrncmr ga tj`j j hjej, mtî geg omr tj`j
`jurm`j, vmn omr `nvnkj.
`n vnkj. J `jurm`j ojhrg pgrcgntmagktg js ojkcgn-
ojkcgn-
tjs ojejrn`js g tmahîa j amrrja `js hrnim`gnrjs.

98 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 @noms `g _uogssj 

@noms pmrm ua hjej `g _uogssj

• IJX@WXM
M ijr`urm tga m cukéïj `g cmzgr j hjej omr amonj. @gvga sgr hmtn-
hmtn -
`ms sgaprg km bjrm `m prgpmrméïj duktmagktg oja j méôomr. J gx-
ogssj `g ijr`urm pj`g `gnxmr m amssm `j hjej auntj pgsm`m. G m cmetm
`gem `gnxm j hjej sgoj g `urj.

• MÉÔOMX
_gaprg hmtm j méôomr duktj oja m amktgnim ju amrimrnkm, pjns gssm
ojahnkméïj `gnxm m amssm ams `genom`m, ams j gxogssj `g méôomr
cmz j hjej omr oja uam tgxturm `gsniume g tmahîa nknhg j orgson-
orgson-
agktj `m amssm.

• CGXAGKPJ
_gaprg nkojrpjrmr kj kme `m prgpmrméïj, pmrm qug sum méïj kïj sgdm
`nankuá`m.

• JSJ_
Pga m cukéïj `g mdu`mr m gstmhnenzmr m amssm. @gvga sgr hmtn`js oja
j méôomr g m amktgnim ju amrimrnkm.

• CJXKJ
M tgapgrmturm `gvg sgr aî`nm =26 irmus pmrm cjrkj m iís g =76 irmus
pmrm cjrkj geîtrnoj. _g m tgapgrmturm `j cjrkj kïj gstnvgr m`gqum`m
pj`g cmzgr j hjej ―sjemr‑. Auntj napjrtmktg tmahîa î kïj mhrnr m
pjrtm `j cjrkj mktgs `j tgapj aáknaj nk`nom`j km rgogntm, nssj gvntm
qug j hjej mcuk`g.

9? Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Vrgpmrméïj `g ua Hjej `g _uogssj
Gsojebm hga m rgogntm g snim j pmssj m pmssj
_gpmrg js nkirg`ngktgs utnenzm`js km rgogntm oja mktgog`äkonm
_gaprg prî-mqugém j cjrkj =7 ankutjs mktgs `g ojejomr m amssm pmrm mssmr
Hmtgr hga m amktgnim g méôomr mtî omr uam amssm hga gshrmkquném`m
Mj ojejomr amssm km cjram, egvg nag`nmtmagktg m pmrm j cjrkj.
M amssm `gvg omr mtî m agtm`g `m cjram ju kj aíxnaj 8/? `gem
Kukom mhrnr j cjrkj mktgs `g 86 ankutjs, pjns ua hjej snapegs egvm `g
86 m 76 ankutjs pmrm mssmr.
_gaprg gspgtg ua pmentj kj agnj `m amssm pmrm ojkcgrnr sg gem gstí
ojapegtmagktg mssm`m, sg j pmentj smnr enapj sgu hjej gstí hga mssm`j.

Grrjs amns ojauks qumk`j m amssm kïj `í ogrtj

M amssm om aurobm kj agnj
Nstj jojrrg pjr cmetm `g ojoéïj, ju sgdm, cjn rgtnrm`j `j cjrkj mktgs `g
mssmr pjr ojapegtj, tga méôomr ga gxogssj ju cmetju cgragktj.

90 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

M amssm om auntj pgsm`m
Nssj jojrrg pjr gxogssj `g cmrnkbm ju `g ijr`urm, (amktgnim ju amrimrnkm).

Omeouej `g Hjej pjr ojkvn`m`j

Ojstuam-sg omeouemr =66i `g hjej pjr ojkvn`m`j.

Omeouej `g prgéj
J n`gme î ojagémr cmzgk`j uam pgsqunsm `g prgéjs ga sum rginïj, pmrm
qug sgu Hjej qug oja j prgéj agrom`j. Meîa `nssj î rgojagk`ívge
qug sg cmém uam obm tîoknom `j sgu prj`utj, pmrm qug j prgéj `g vgk-
vgk -
`m ojktgapeg tj`js js imstjs, (nkoeunk`j iís, íium, gkgrinm geîtrnom,
ojahustávge, gto), pmrm `gpjns sg auetnpenomr pjr ? g tgr j prgéj kme.
_gaprg vmejrnzg sgu Hjej, pjns geg î ua prj`utj mrtgsmkme g `gvg tgr
vmejr `ncgrgkonm`j.

Gahmemigks
Xgojagk`j ms gahmemigks `m Imevmkmtgol oja ms sgiunktgs rgcgräk-
onms4
I 76 metm
I 73 metm
I 36 metm

Pmamkbj `g Amssms pmrm Kmlg` Omlg

• KMLG@ OMLG - ANKN
Cjram =0oa R 7oa
_grvg 7 pgssjms
Vgsj kme `j Hjej =,8Li

97 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 Xgogntm (amssm `nvn`n`m ga ? cjrams)
=87i `g amrimrnkm
?66i `g méôomr
=76 ae `g egntg nktgirme
876i `g cmrnkbm
? jvjs irmk`gs
= ojebgr (obí) `g gssäkonm `g hmuknebm
]umktn`m`g `g rgobgnj
= Emtm `g egntg ojk`gksm`j + = omnxnkbm `g orgag `g egntg.

• KMLG@ OMLG ‟ VG]WGKJ

Cjram =2oa x 7oa
_grvg =6 pgssjms
Vgsj kme `j Hjej =,2Li
Xgogntm (amssm `nvn`n`m ga ? cjrams)
866i `g amrimrnkm
086i `g méôomr
866 ae `g egntg nktgirme
066i `g cmrnkbm
7 jvjs irmk`gs
= ojebgr (sjpm) `g gssäkonm `g hmuknebm
]umktn`m`g `g rgobgnj4 = Emtm `g egntg ojk`gksm`j + = omnxnkbm `g
orgag `g egntg.

• KMLG@ OMLG ‟ AÎ@NJ

Cjram 86oa x 7oa

93 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 _grvg 86 pgssjms
Vgsj kme `j Hjej 8,7Li
Xgogntm (amssm `nvn`n`m ga ? cjrams)
876 `g amrimrnkm
366i `g méôomr
?66 ae `g egntg nktgirme
766i `g cmrnkbm
9 jvjs irmk`gs
= ojebgr (obí) gssäkonm `g hmuknebm
]umktn`m`g `g rgobgnj4 8 Emtms `g egntg ojk`gksm`j + 8 omnxnkbms `g
orgag `g egntg.

• KMLG@ OMLG ‟ IXMK@G

Cjram 80oa x 7oa
_grvg ?6 pgssjms
Vgsj kme `j Hjej ?,7Li
Xgogntm (amssm `nvn`n`m ga ? cjrams)
066i `g amrimrnkm
>66i `g méôomr
066 ae `g egntg nktgirme
266i `g cmrnkbm
== jvjs irmk`gs
= ojebgr (obí) gssäkonm `g hmuknebm
]umktn`m`g `g rgobgnj4 ? Emtms `g egntg ojk`gksm`j + ? omnxnkbms `g
orgag `g egntg.

99 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

Mramzgkmagktj g @urmhnen`m`g
Ojaj kïj utnenzmajs ojksgrvmktgs, j Hjej omsgnrj ju mrtgsmkme, tga
uam `urmhnen`m`g agkjr qug js hjejs cgntjs ga pm`mrnm. Gktïj qumk-
tj amns crgsoj j hjej cjr prj`uzn`j g gktrgiug mj sgu oengktg agebjr.
Xgojagk`j cmzg js hjejs, pjr sgiurmkém, oja ua `nm `g mktgog`äk-
onm, pmrm gvntmr qumequgr prjhegam qug pjssm jojrrgr km sum prj`u-
éïj. Js rgobgnjs pj`ga sgr prj`uzn`js oja amns mktgog`äkonm, `gs-
`g qug mramzgkm`js ga rgonpngktgs cgobm`js g km igem`gnrm.
]umk`j tnvgr uam gkojagk`m, rgojagk`j mssmr ms amssms g cmzgr j
rgobgnj ua `nm mktgs pgem amkbï, ajktmr j hjej kj kme `m tmr`g g
gktrgimr cgobm`nkbj km gahmemiga kj jutrj `nm pmrm j oengktg.
J tgapj rgojagk`m`j pmrm nkigstïj `g ua hjej, mktgs qug geg gk-
`urgém î `g ? m 7 `nms. Ams sg cjr ua hjej oja crutms, pjr gems sgrga
auntj pgrgoávgns, `urma auntj agkjs, sgk`j rgojagk`m`j ojksu-
anr ga mtî 8 `nms. _g kj sgu hjej cjr ajrmkijs km `gojrméïj, js oj-oj -
ejqug ua pjuoj mktgs `j bjrírnj `g gktrgimr mj oengktg.
oen gktg.
_gaprg `gnxg js hjejs kms gahmemigks cgobm`ms g ga ejome mrgdm`j
ju oenamtnzm`j.
Kïj î rgojagk`m`j ojejomr ua hjej `g amssm mamktgnim`m km ig- ig -
em`gnrm, pjr gssm vmn gk`urgogr rmpn`magktg. Gktïj j n`gme ojksuanr
gstg tnpj `g hjej `urmktg js prnagnrjs `nms `gpjns `g sum prgpmrméïj
Kïj rgojagk`j ojkigemr ms amssms, ams sg pjr meiua ajtnvj vjoä
prgonsmr ojkigemr, `gvgrí gkvjevgr m amssm ga pmpge trmkspmrgktg ju
meiua smoj peístnoj gspgonme pmrm ojkigemagktj. G qumk`j `gsgdmr
nkigrnr ju utnenzmr gssm amssm kjvmagktg, egahrg-sg `g `gsojkigemr
=8 bjrms mktgs km igem`gnrm.

92 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

 Irmtn`ïj
Gstmajs Obgimk`j mj Cna...
Obgimajs mj kme `m kjssm mpjstnem g mqun om m ogrtgzm `j `gvgr
ouaprn`j, pjns sgn qug `gn j agebjr `g ana pmrm ojktrnhunr oja m
sum gvjeuéïj, gspgrj qug agus gksnkmagktjs snrvma ojaj pjk-
tg pmrm gkourtmr ua pjuoj m sum trmdgtÿrnm ruaj mj suogssj kgs-
sg auk`j `jog `m ojkcgntgnrm. ]ug m pmrtnr `mqun vjoä sg tjrkg
om`m `nm agebjr, trgnkmk`j g ojejomk`j ga prítnom tj`ms ms kjs-
sms rgogntms g tîoknoms g qug sum migk`m ejtg `g gkojagk`ms.
Gu sgaprg ijstj `g `nzgr, qug sg vjoä obgimr mj suogssj mpÿs cmzgr
gssg oursj, î pjrqug tnvgajs 86% `g pmrtnonpméïj ga tg pmssmr oj- oj -
kbgonagktj g hjms rgogntms, js jutrjs 26% `j tgu suogssj sgrí pjr
purj aîrntj sgu! Gssgs 26% sgrïj j tgu gscjréj, tum cjrém `g vjktm`g,
tum nksnstäkonm agsaj qumk`j ms ojnsms kïj cjrga hga.
J qug `ncgrgkonm ua prjssnjkme `g suogssj `g ua crmomssm`j î mpg-
mpg-
kms m pgrsnstäkonm g m mtî agsaj m tgnajsnm. _gdm vjoä ua tgnajsj
ga cmzgr ms ojnsms `mrga ogrtj, sgdm vjoä ua tgnajsj ga sgr jtnans-
tm, sgdm vjoä ua tgnajsj ga mirm`gogr sgaprg m tu`j qug @gus dí
ebg `gu. M irmtn`ïj trmkscjram vn`ms.
]ug vjoä pgrojrrm ua enk`j omankbj km ojkcgntmrnm g qug agu oursj
tg mdu`g m hrnebmr auntj. Gstmrgn mqun sgaprg mj tgu em`j pmrm tg mdu-
`mr,, oj auntj cgenz `g smhgr qug pu`g ojktrnhunr oja j pjuoj qug sgn
`mr
pmrm tgu orgsonagktj g gvjeuéïj.
Wa irmk`g hgndj g qug @gus ebg mhgkéjg irmk`gagktg.
 Amrrmrm Hjrtjejtn 

26 Oursj Hjejs `g _uogssj

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nkstmirma.oja/hjejs`gsuogssjj﬍onme/

yjutuhg.oja/AmrrmrmHjrtjejtn

ojktmtjFhjejs`gsuogssj.oja.hr

rgogntm`ghjej`mamrrmrm.oja

7=->>9>=>03?