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ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was to present recommendations aiming the aerobic training optimization,
from the knowledge of the indexes of functional fitness and their physiological mechanisms. Concerning
highly trained athletes, the accuracy in training elaboration can be the safest way to improve aerobic perfor-
mance, since for these individuals, it is normal that the training load is changeable between an insufficient
stimulus and the overtraining syndrome symptoms onset. Therefore, there are several factors that should
be taken into account for the elaboration of a training program. The knowledge on fatigue mechanisms
and physiological responses at different exercise intensities and durations is essential for the correct training
session elaboration. Moreover, high-intensity interval training is indispensable to improve performance in
highly trained athletes; however, it should be performed only after adequate recovery period. Thus, a good
relationship between coach and athlete is also important for planning suitable recovery periods prior to
excessive fatigue. The coach should keep accurate records of training loads and recovery times, learning
hence the kinds of loads that can be individually tolerated. Among the important factors that can affect
aerobic performance during competition and should be considered, we can name appropriate warm-up
planning and adverse environmental conditions. After collecting all this information, it is possible to ela-
borate the training bases (frequency, volume, intensity and recovery) aiming at progressive improvement
of aerobic performance.
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