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TEMPOS
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MODOS VERBAIS
Tabelas comparativas de todos os tempos e
modos verbais do Inglês e do Português para
melhor assimilação e aprendizagem

ELIEZER M. PIANO
 TEMPOS E MODOS VERBAIS 

INGLÊS & PORTUGUÊS 

 
⚜​ ​Como usar 
Este  ebook  foi  desenvolvido  para  otimizar  o  aprendizado  dos 
tempos e modos verbais do estudante de inglês. 

Nele  você  encontrará  uma  comparação  entre  os  tempos  e 

modos  verbais  do  Português  e  do  Inglês  para  que  possa  assimilar 
melhor  as  variantes  deste  último  ao  contrastar  com  nossa  língua 
materna. 

Em  primeiro  lugar,  os  modos  verbais  são indicados por esferas 

ao  início  de  cada  página.  A  linha  horizontal  representa  o  modo 
indicativo,  seja  no  português,  seja  no  inglês.  Acima  da  linha  teremos 
o modo subjuntivo; abaixo, o imperativo.  

Quanto  mais  para  a  esquerda  formos,  teremos  os  tempos  que 

se  referem  ao  passado;  quanto  mais  à  direita,  o  futuro.  Ao  meio 
encontra-se  o  tempo  presente.  Cada  coluna  para  baixo  da  linha  é 
uma  coluna  explicativa  dos  tempos  e  conjugações  indicadas  no 
esquema que acabamos de explicar. 

⚜  ​Atualize  este  ebook  ​CLICANDO 

AQUI 
PORTUGUÊS
 Modo verbal: subjuntivo (DÚVIDA OU
HIPÓTESE)

SUBJUNTIVO PRETÉRITO SUBJUNTIVO PRETÉRITO

Eliezer Marcon Piano SUBJUNTIVO PRESENTE

2 SUBJUNTIVO PRETÉRITO
3 2 4

PRETÉRITO PERFEITO SÍMPLES E COMPOSTO

PRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO FUTURO COMPOSTO DO SUBJUNTIVO SUBJUNTIVO FUTURO
PRETÉRITO MAIS QUE PERFEITO
PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO
Modo verbal: Indicativo (CERTEZA) FUTURO DO PRESENTE COMPOSTO FUTURO DO PRETÉRITO
12 1
2 3
1. Os modos indicam a maneira como a ação se realiza FUTURO DO PRESENTE COMPOSTO
FUTURO DO PRETÉRITO SÍMPLES E COMPOSTO FUTURO DO PRESENTE
2. O tempo é a forma do verbo que expressa presente COMPOSTO
passado ou futuro IMPERATIVO
Modo verbal: Inperativo (ORDEM)

1
PRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO DO PRETÉRITO MAIS-QUE- PRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO DO PRETÉRITO PERFEITO PRESENTE DO INDICATIVO IMPERATIVO E INFINITIVO PRESENTE DO SUBJUNTIVO FUTURO DO PRESENTE
SUBJUNTIVO (Subjuntivo PERFEITO INDICATIVO SIMPLES IMPESSOAL COMPOSTO Tempo derivado do presente O futuro do presente é
pretérito) Tempo verbal derivado do USO: do indicativo derivado do infinitivo
pretérito perfeito USO: INDICAR ESTADOS OU USO: 1. Indicar ações ou USO:
USO: FATOS PASSADOS QUE SÃO 1. INDICA UMA AÇÃO estados IMPERATIVO USO: INDICAR DESEJO 1. Indicar fatos certos
1. EXPRESSAR USO: TIDOS COMO CONTÍNUOS CONCLUIDA, permanentes Tempo derivado do presente (VOLIÇÃO), HIPÓTESE OU ou prováveis
PROBABILIDADE, 1. Expressa ação ACABADA E 2. Ações habituais do indicativo DÚVIDA posteriores ao
DESEJO OU encerrada anterior PONTUAL 3. Verdades FORMA: momento de
SENTIMENTO a uma ação passada → Ele estudou USO: DESIGNAR ORDEM OU RADICAL + TERMINAÇÕES enunciação
FORMA: PEDIDOS
2. PODE SE REPORTAR → Quando Mariano chegou, 2. COM LOCUÇÕES Ar Er/Ir 2. Incerteza sobre o
AO PRESENTE José já jantara. RADICAL + TERMINAÇÕES ADVERBAIS PODE FORMAÇÃO presente
E A
→ Tivesses coragem, terias o 2. Fato vagamente INDICAR AÇÃO FORMA AFIRMATIVA: ES AS 3. Forma polida do
mundo! situado no passado Ar Er/Ir REPITIDA OU RADICAL + TERMINAÇÕES Exemplário com verbo E A presente
3. PASSADO Nascera na Senzala AVA IA CONTÍNUA sonhar. EMOS AMOS 4. Expressão de súplica
→ Ainda que você não 3. Suavização de AVAS IAS → Ele Jantou no clube todos Ar Er Ir EIS AIS ou desejo
entrasse, faria o mesmo pedido ou afirmação AVA IA os domingos O O O TU SONHA* EM AM FORMA
4. FUTURO Viera pedir-lhe um favor ÁVAMOS ÍAMOS AS ES ES ELE SONHE** INFINITIVO + TERMINAÇÕES
→ Talvez aparecesse antes de haver tomado café, ÁVEIS ÍEIS FORMA A E E NÓS SONHEMOS** FUTURO DO SUBJUNTIVO
amanhã! mas já foi. AVAM IAM AMOS EMOS IMOS VÓS SONHAI* Uso: EI
RADICAL + TERMINAÇÕES AIS EIS IS ELES SONHEM** 1. Expressa uma ÁS
FORMA FORMA: AM EM EM eventualidade no AMAR- Á
Ar Er Ir * A segunda pessoa do futuro EMOS
SEGUNDA PESSOA DO SEGUNDA PESSOA DO EI I I → conto, contos, conto, singular e plural têm a forma Uso gramatical: EIS
PRETÉRITO PERFEITO MENOS PRETÉRITO PERFEITO ASTE ESTE STE contamos, contais, contam. verbal dada pelo presente do 1. Ocorre em orações ÃO
SUA DESINÊNCIA MENOS SUA DESINÊNCIA OU EU IU indicativo menos o s final subordinadas LOCUÇÕES QUE SUBSTITUEM
+ + AMOS EMOS IMOS → vendo, vendes, vende, adverbiais O FUTURO DO PRESENTE:
TERMINAÇÕES TERMINAÇÕES ASTES ESTES ISTES vendemos, vendeis, vendem. Tu vendes → venda! condicionadas,
ARAM ERAM IRAM conformativas e Hei de vencer.
Exemplo verbo vender: Exemplo verbo partir: →porto, portes, porte, ** Todas as demais formas temporais Tenho de obter o poder.
VERBOS IRREGULARES partimos, partis, portem. verbais são derivadas do 2. Orações Vou sair
Vendeste → Vende. Partiste → Parti. IMPORTANTES: presente do subjuntivo subordinadas
adjetivas FUTURO DO PRESENTE
SSE RA COMPOSTO
SSES RAS FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA USO:
Vende. SSE Parti. RA Toda a forma verbal negativa SEGUNDA PESSOA DO 1. INDICAR AÇÃO FUTURA
(ê)SSEMOS (Í)RAMOS é fornecida pelo subjuntivo PRETÉRITO PERFEITO MENOS QUE ESTÁ CONSUMADA
(ê)SSEIS (Í)REIS presente: SUA DESINÊNCIA ANTES DE OUTRA
SSEM RAM + 2. EXPRIMIR UMA CERTEZA
TU NÃO SONHES TERMINAÇÕES SOBRE FATOS PASSADOS
ELE NÃO SONHE Exemplo verbo vender
NÓS NÃO SONHEMOS Vendeste → Vende.
VÓS NÃO SONHEIS R* FORMA:
ELES NÃO SONHEM RES
1 VENDE R* TER/HAVER NO FUTURO DO
RMOS PRESENTE
RDES +
REM PARTICÍPIO DO VERBO
*Cuide para não errar a PRINCIPAL
conjugação de verbos
irregulares e não confundir → Terei (haverei) cantado
esta forma com o infinitivo.
 PRETÉRITO MAIS QUE PRETÉRITO PERFEITO FUTÚRO DO PRETÉRITO
Eliezer Marcon Piano (CONDICIONAL)
PERFEITO COMPOSTO COMPOSTO VERBOS IRREGULARES
(INDICATIVO) IMPORTANTES
USO: AÇÕES QUE SE TER TIVER USO:
USO: Possui o mesmo uso do REPETEM ATÉ O TEMPO VIR VIER 1. Exprime incerteza
pretérito mais-que-perfeito PRESENTE VER VIR sobre fatos do
simples: ação no passado REAVER REOUVER passado
anterior a outra ação passada FORMA MANTER MANTIVER 2. Frases
PRESENTE DO IND. VERBO INTERVIR INTERVIER condicionadas a algo
TER (se...)
FORMA: + FUTURO COMPOSTO DO 3. Referência a fatos
PARTICÍPIO ou estados que
SUBJUNTIVO nunca aconteceram
PRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO DO
VERBO TER e provavelmente
Tenho cantado muito USO: Indica um fato futuro
+ não acontecerão
nestes últimos meses a outro fato também
PARTICÍPIO DO VERBO
PRINCIPAL futuro, expressando uma
FORMA
possível eventualidade
→ Quando a política surgiu, o
homem já tinha inventado a INFINITIVO + TERMINAÇÕES
filosofia
FORMA IA
IAS
SUBJUNTIVO DO VERBO AMAR- IA
TER (OU HAVER) ÍAMOS
ÍEIS
PRETÉRITO MAIS QUE + IAM
PERFEITO COMPOSTO
(SUBJUNTIVO) PARTICÍPIO VERBOS IRREGULARES
IMPORTANTES:
USO:
Quando o apresentador
1. Indica uma ação
irreal no passado tiver entrado, os atores já
2. Indica uma ação já estarão preparados?
passada em
referência a outra
ação passada

FORMA

PRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO DO
SUBJUNTIVO DO VERBO TER
+
PARTICÍPIO DO VERBO
PRINCIPAL

Se ele tivesse estudado, teria

mais sorte na vida
 FUTURO DO PRETÉRITO
Eliezer Marcon Piano COMPOSTO

USO:
1. Indicar fato que teria
acontecido no
passado mediante
certa condição
2. Expressar
possibilidade de fato
passado
3. Incerteza sobre
fatos passados

FORMA

TER / HAVER NO FUTÚRO DO

PRETÉRITO
+
PARTICÍPIO DO VERBO
PRINCIPAL

Teria (haveria) cantado

inglês

Past Subjunctive
ConditionalEliezer
PerfectMarcon Piano Progressive
and Perfect
Past Perfect Progressive
1
TENSES WITH AUXILIARY
PAST PERFECT
PROGRESSIVE*
1 PRACTICAL USE: Talk about
PRACTICAL USE: We use the
past perfect progressive to
give emphasis on continuity
within the past. It has the
same function of present
perfect progressive. However,
Present perfect progressive
draw its attention to effects
in the present; Past Perfect
progressive, to its effects in
the past (see line above).
1. Actions in progress
throughout a period
She had been typing
2. Drawing conclusions
from the past
She had been crying
3. Repeated actions
He had been phoning
FORM:
HELPING VERB HAD
+ GRAMMATICAL USE: Indicate a
‘PROGRESSIVE BE’ IN PAST
PARTICIPLE FORM
+ Different from Past perfect
PRESENT PARTICIPLE VERB
FORM
Progressive ‘be’ in past
participle form: been
Present participle: Present
participle is an ‘ing’ for of a
verb
Had → Been → Waiting
Signal Words
How long: How long had
been raining?
For: I had been waiting for
two hours
Since: She had been crying
since yesterday
Past Progressive
Past Perfect
Progressive tenses (continuous effects)
TENSES WITH AUXILIARY
PAST PERFECT
PRACTICAL USE:
1. Past events that took
place before another
past event or time.
When I went into the
bathroom, I found that the
bath had overflowed
By 10 o’clock most people had
gone home
2. In reported speech,
simple past and
present perfect goes
‘one tense back’ to
past perfect
I have been mistaken
He said he had been mistaken
GRAMMATICAL USE:
1. Indicate a verb in its
past participle form,
preceded by an
auxiliary verb ‘had’.
2. The phrase often
have a conjunction
like ‘when, after, as
soon as…’
progressive in the past
perfect tense the action was
completed.
FORM:
HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE VERB
I had We had
You had You had
He/She/It had They had
Past Participle: Have + -en or
–ed
I had written to him
You had walked last morning
She had played with us…
TENSES WITH AUXILIARY
PAST PROGRESSIVE*
situations that started
before a particular point in
the past and was still in
progress at that point.
1. Temporary actions
It was raining all night.
2. Actions which
were in progress
when something
else happens
When I was leaving, the
phone rang.
3. Simultaneous
actions
While I was reading,
Vinicius was singing
4. Repeated actions
(adverb like
always)
When I worked here, I was
always making mistakes
5. Polite inquiries
I was wondering if you…
FORM:
HELPING VERB
PROGRESSIVE BE +
PRESENT PARTICIPLE VERB
Progressive be: was; were
Present participle: Present
participle is an ‘ing’ for of a
verb
I was watching
You were playing
He/She/It were running
We were dancing
You were masking
They were counting
Simple present (7)
Present Progressive (1-3) Future Progressive (1)
Present Subjunctive Present Progressive (4)
Present perfect Progress. Future perfect progressive
Conditional Simple and Progressive Simple future
Future Progressive (2) Future Perfect
Simple Past Simple Present (1-6)
PPP (2)
Progressive tenses (continuous effects)
Present Perfect
Imperative
TENSES WITH AUXILIARY TENSES WITH AUXILIARY TENSES WITH AUXILIARY
SIMPLE PAST SIMPLE PRESENT:
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE FUTURE
PRACTICAL USE: PRACTICAL USE:
You use the past simple for PRACTICAL USE: PRACTICAL USE: We use modals
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE*
1. Permanent truths
completed actions in the past, (then used in zero 1. Connection with now: (will/shall) to future references
Actions beginning in PRACTICAL USE:
often with an expression of conditional 1. Hopes, expectations
time, e.g. yesterday, last week, the past and and predictions. 1. Actions that shall be
sentences)
in 2001, a few years ago, etc: continuing up to the I hope she shall get the job in progress in the
1. We use simple past
Summer follows winter.
present Who shall win on Sunday? future
If I say I love you, I mean it. I have lived here for 20 years
tense for old actions 2. Things that we have I shall be lying on the beach
or situations already 2. The present period I have met many people in last just decided.
2. Planed actions on
finished. My sister works in a bank few days I will stop and ask for help
3. Habitual actions future time
J.S. Bach was a composer who 2. Actions that 3. Future possibilities in
I get up at 7 I will be spending money
wrote more than 1000 pieces of happened at an first conditional
4. Observations and there
music unspecified time in sentences.
2. Repeated Situations declarations the past. Often we are If you don’t stop that I’ll call the 3. To be polite
that existed over a I hope talking about general police. When shall you be seeing
period of time in the 5. Instructions experiences. 4. Talk about future facts me?
past but not now First, you weigh these items I have watched him on TV several and ask questions
My professor argued that times; Have you seen this film? about the future
6. Commentaries FORM:
International System was not Senna is the first (Different from simple past) The wedding will take place
anarchical. 7. Future reference Has been Has gone tomorrow
MODAL WILL (OR SHALL) +
with time references Jill has been Jill has gone When will you be back?
PROGRESSIVE BE + PRESENT
(TIME OR ADVERBS to France to France GRAMMATICAL USE: In Great
PARTICIPLE VERB
Different from present perfect, OF TIME) (now she is (she is in Britain shall is more frequently
in simple past we need to back) France now) use than will.
The concert begins at 7:00
express when something Will + be + (-ing)
evening
happened.
7.1 We use present tense
3. New and very recent Negative short forms are:
information often I will not → I Won’t I will be learning
verbs in
with just, already and I shall not → I Shan’t You will be watching
verb in its past tense without subordinated clauses
yet: He/She/It will be dancing
any helping verb. that indicate future Have you just arrived? FORM:
references We will be masking
I have cut my finger (new – and AUXILIARY WILL/SHALL +
I will write to her when I have You will be speaking
after this information, we use INFINITIVE
time. (Not when I’ll have time.) They will be working
FORM: simple past)
→ Different from Present This is the first time I have driven Will vs. Shall
REGULAR VERBS FORM THEIR progressive (4), here the a car Shall = used with I and we FUTURE PERFECT
PAST TENSE BY ADDING THE timetables are fixed GRAMMATICAL USE: Indicate a I shall be late this evening
SUFFIX –ED IN INFINITIVE What time does the train verb in its present form with an Shall we go? PRACTICAL USE: We use it for
FORMS. (VOTED) arrive? auxiliary verb ‘have’ actions that shall be
Will = other pronouns complete before certain time
→ Exceptions: GRAMMATICAL USE: Indicate FORM:
in the future.
See saw a verb in its present tense TWO FORMS OF THE VERB HAVE: Signal words: adverbs of time
Write wrote with no helping verb HAVE; HAS + VERB ON ITS PAST WHEN
I’ll phone you when I get home FORM:
Hit Hit PARTICIPLE FORM
preceding it. They are 2 phrases
Break broke
Have had →The first is with the model will AUXILARY WILL + PERFECT
I have We have
Form : (I will phone you)
HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
You have You have →The second is with the adverb
BASE VERB : TO + STUDY
Be: He/She/It has They have of time. We do not use will here
Or
I was* We were (when I get home) I shall have retired by 2050
You were You were BASE VERB FOLLOWED BY -es Past Participle: Have + -en or – BEFORE/UNTIL…
He/She/It was* They were ed
*In past subjunctive we use were → Exceptions: I have written
in all persons, even first and Be: You have walked
third singular (see past I am We are She has played
subjunctive box). You are You are We have given
He/She/It is They are You have seen
They have spoken
 FORM:
Eliezer Marcon Piano HELPING VERB
PROGRESSIVE BE +
PRESENT PARTICIPLE VERB
* Stative verbs does not take progressive form, Progressive be: was; were
Only if they are describing actions:
Present participle: Present
participle is an ‘ing’ for of
→It feels like silk (feels =stative) a verb
→ I am not felling very well (feeling = progressive
I was watching
action)
You were playing
He/She/It were running
We were dancing
You were masking
They were counting
→ Verbs that have the same
form in present and in the
past:
Burst/cost/cut/hit/put…
In the third person
(he/she/it) we have a‘s’ in
the present
He put on a clean shirt (past)
He puts on a clean shirt
(present)
Now, with the other
pronouns the context or the
adverb tell us the tense
I put on a clean shirt
yesterday (past)
I put on a clean shirt today
(present)
USED TO, WOULD, BE USED
TO, GET USED TO
1. USED TO:
We use this constructions
for things that happened in
the past but don’t happen
now (= PRACTICAL USE 2
FROM SIMPLE PAST)
1.1 Afirmative: Used to +
base form of verb
We used to live in Brussels
(not used to living or used to
to live)
1.2 Negative: Didn’t use to +
base form or used not to or
never used to + base form
I didn’t use to like classical
music / I Used not to like
classical music.
1.3 Interrogative: did+
subject + use to + base form:
Did you use to have long hair?
2. WOULD
We use would for repeated
actions or habits in the past (=
PRACTICAL USE 2 SIMPLE
PAST). We never use Would
with verbs of state, just
actions or habits.
2.1 Would + base verb form
(never -ing or to infinitive)
The children would collect
stones every summer.
IMPERATIVE
PRACTICAL USE: give orders;
offer something; point
directions, prohibit and
warnings.
FORM: WE USE BARE
INFINITIVE FOR THE
IMPERATIVE
WAIT!
VARIATIONS
1. With pronouns and
names
You wait here; Hary, you wait
here; Everybody shut up!
2. With question tags
Stop shouting, will you?
3. Double imperatives
(joined only by
conjunction ‘and’)
Wait and see
FUTURE PROGRESSIVE VS.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PERFECT
TENSE* These people are standing
in a queue to get into the
PRACTICAL USE: cinema.
1. Actions in Progress 1) PROGRESSIVE
I am making a cake Half an hour from now,
2. Repeated actions the cinema will be full.
with adverbs like Everyone will be watching
always, constantly, the film.
continually and 2) PERFECT
forever
Three hours from now, the
He is always helping me cinema will be empty. The
3. Temporary situations film will have finished.
not necessarily in Everyone will have gone
progress home
My son is studying at Oxford
4. Future references
for planed actions
TENSES WITH AUXILIARY
(New or first time
events)
We are spending next winter FUTURE PERFECT
in England PROGRESSIVE
I am going to bed now
What are you going to do PRACTICAL USE: We use the
tomorrow? future perfect progressive
→ Different from simple tenses to show that
present (7), here the action something in progress now
has not a fixed time will be in progress in the
What time are you arriving? future. It is a continuity in
the future.
(4) Signal Words
Be going to FORM:
 possible actions
 things that we MODALS (SHALL/WILL)
have already +
decided PERFECT HAVE
I’m going to have a party +
→decided before PROGRESSIVE BE IN PAST
→possible but not certain PARTICIPLE FORM
+
FORM: PRESENT PARTICIPLE VERB
HELPING VERB ‘PROGRESSIVE BY this time of the year, I
BE’ + PRESENT PARTICIPLE shall have been studying for
VERB Itamaraty by two years.
Progressive be: am, is, are
I ‘m considering
You are masking
He/She/It is working
We are being
You are learning
They are sounding
Present participle: Present
participle is an ‘ing’ for of a
verb
1. General rule: just
add –ing to base
form
Wait → waiting
2. Verbs ending in –e
we omit it
Use→ using
3. Single vowed
followed by a
consonant we
Eliezer Marcon Piano
PAST SUBJUNCTIVE
Definition: Past subjunctive is
called were-subjunctive and
is used in clauses of
hypothetical condition. We
refer to the present or future
time of something that we
imagine.
FORMATION
CONDITIONAL CLAUSE
(IF/UNLESS)
+ it with all tenses.
WERE IN ALL PERSONS (EVEN
IN FIRST AND THIRD PLURAL)
+ in subordinate
WOULD
IF I WERE YOU I WOULD
OWN UP
→ This construction is an
alternative form of Past
conditional.
USED TO, WOULD, BE USED
TO, GET USED TO
2. WOULD
2.2 To state verbs we use
simple past or used to.
3. BE/GET USED TO
To say that someone or
something is becoming
familiar to you. (= PRESENT
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE 1)
3.1 Get used to: We can use
Pete soon got used to
travelling around the country.
3.1 Be used to: only with a
noun and –ing form.
I'm used to getting up early in
the morning.
Sit→ sitting Present perfect vs. Present perfect Continuous
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE 1. Two-syllable verbs Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous
we double the last 1. When the result of the 1. When the activity is
Definition: subjunctive is a consonant if the process is important important
clause or a sentence form → I’ve solved the problem. → I’ve been solving this problem
second syllable is
for three hours now.
expressing hypothesis or stressed
2. With stative verbs 2. X (stative verbs doesn’t take
non-factuality. In more Begin → beginning → I’ve always known the dog progressive form)
ancient English considered a 2. Ic → ick/ ie → y was strange.
verb form, modern English Pinic → pinicking/ lie → lying
prefer the use subjunctive
constructions or clauses, PRESENT PERFECT
once it has few distinct verb PROGRESSIVE* Contrastive future
forms (unlike French, Present Simple Present Simple Future
Spanish, Portuguese…) PRACTICAL USE: Progressive
We use Present perfect 1. Use going to for 1. To talk about 1.Hopes,
PRACTICAL USE: progressive when we want to general plans for timetable or expectations and
1. MANDATIVE focus on the activity that the future scheduled events predictions.
SUBJUNCTIVE: used may still be going on or may → I’m going to stop → The plane takes I hope she shall get
recently have finished. eating all sugary off at 16.06 from the job
clauses following an things. Brazil and lands at Who shall win on
1. An activity in
2. And predictions 18.05 at Paris. Sunday?
expression of progress in the past
based on something 2.Things that we
command, necessity for a period until we can see now have just decided.
suggestion or now, which has → Look at those I will stop and ask
possibility recently finished clouds. It’s going to for help
→ I recommended that he I have waited all day rain most of 3.Future
write an apologize I have been waiting all day! weekend. possibilities in first
→ Or with should: I (Not awaiting anymore) 3. Fixed plans and conditional
recommended that he should 2. An activity in arrangements in the sentences.
write an apologize future, especially If you don’t stop that
progress in the past
when we mention a I’ll call the police.
for a period until
not specific time or 4.Talk about future
2. FORMULATIC OR now, which is still in place facts and ask
OPTATIVE progress → She is babysitting questions about the
SUBJUNCTIVE: used I have painted this wall for Sarah and Marc. future
in expressions (completed – Present perfect) The wedding will
→ God save the Queen I have been painting this wall take place tomorrow
(not completed)
GRAMATICAL USE: FORM:
1. Formally it is exactly
the same as the HELPING VERB ‘PERFECT
present tense, HAVE’
excepting: third +
person singular (-s) ‘PROGRESSIVE BE’ IN PAST
and for ‘be’ whose PARTICIPLE FORM
present subjunctive +
form is ‘be’ PRESENT PARTICIPLE VERB
2. On MANDATIVE FORM
SUBJUNCTIVE we
have a noun clause Progressive ‘be’ in past
(a dependent clause participle form: been
functioning as a
noun phrase for the Present participle: Present
main clause of a participle is an ‘ing’ for of a
complex sentence). verb
Some call that ‘that
clause’ Have → Been → Waiting
Signal Words
How long: How long has been
raining?
FORMATION
For: I have been waiting for two
THAT CLAUSE + INFINITIVE hours
I recommended that he write
Since: She has been crying since
an apologize yesterday
SHOULD + INFINITIVE
I recommended that he All day/the whole day: I have
should write an apologize been waiting all day
Eliezer Marcon Piano

Conditional tenses
Definition: These 'tenses' are not tenses properly. They are part of a particularly sentence construction called Conditional Sentences.

Conditional sentences are constructions that connect two situations by a cause which we don't have certainty that shall happens
Tense Use Form Examples affirmative Exammples negative examples interrogative
I wouldn't work. Would I work?
• sth. that might happen
I I would work. He would work. I would go. He would He wouldn't work. Would he work?
Conditional Simple Would + infinitive
go. I wouldn't go. Would I work?
• main clause in type II of the Conditional sentences
He wouldn't go. Would he work?
emphasis: length of time of an action
Conditional Progressive would + be + infinitive + ing I would be working. I wouldn't be working. Would I be working?
• sth. that might happen

• sth. that might have happened in the past

Conditional Perfect • main clause in type III of the Conditional would + have + past participle I would have worked. I wouldn't have worked. Would I have worked?
sentences

sth. that might have happened in the past

Conditional Perfect would + have + been + infinitive + I wouldn't have been Would I have been
I would have been working.
Progressive emphasis: length of time of an action ing working. working?
⚜ ​Outras dicas importantes 
● Para  ganhar  prática  é  necessário  ler  bons  escritores  de  língua 
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● Ser  um  Autodidata  em  línguas  requer  algumas  instruções 

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● O  melhor  (e  mais  fácil)  modo  de  ganhar  vocabulário  no  inglês 
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○ Ler bons escritores e marcar de 3 a 4 palavras por dia 
○ Ter  um  bom  dicionário  de  citações  para  ver  essas 
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