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1. F é uma primitiva de f se F ′ = f 2 2
− +1
′
′ ( x + 2 x + 8)
4 2 2
4 x3 + 4 x
1.3. (
F ′ ( x ) = ln ( x 4 + 2 x 2 + 8 ) = 4 )
x + 2x + 8
2
= 4
x + 2x2 + 8 x2
1
x2
1
= + c, c ∈ ℝ = + c, c ∈ ℝ =
1 1
Como F ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) , então F é uma primitiva de f .
2 2
1.4. (
F′ ( x) = ex− x
2
) = ( x − x )′ e 2 x − x2
= (1 − 2 x ) e x − x .
2
= 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 x −3 +1
Como F ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) , então F é uma primitiva de f . 2.9. ∫x d x = ∫ x −3 d x = + c, c ∈ ℝ =
3
−3 + 1
1.5.
x ′
F ′ ( x ) = =
( x )′ (1 − x ) − x (1 − x )′
= =
x −2
+ c, c ∈ ℝ =
−2
1− x (1 − x )
2
1
1 =− + c, c ∈ ℝ
(1 − x ) + x 2x2
=2 x = 1
(1 − x )
2 1 1
x x2 −1 −
2.10. ∫ x
d x = ∫ d x = ∫ x 2 d x = ∫ x 2 d x , por 2.8., temos que
x
( x)
2
1− x + ×2 1 − x + 2x 1
−
= 2 x = 2 x2 =
x +1 ∫x 2
d x = 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
(1 − x ) (1 − x ) 2 x (1 − x )
2 2
1
3 1 2
x x3 −1 −
1
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
F ( x ) = ∫ f ( x ) dx ∫ sin x dx = − cos ( x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 7
4.4.
x3 x x3 × x 2 x2 13
2.14. ∫ 4 dx = ∫ 1
d x = ∫ 1 d x = ∫ 4 dx =
x
x 5π
x4 x4 O gráfico de F contém, o ponto P , 3 , portanto,
13 17 6
+1
x4 x4 5π 5π
= + c, c ∈ ℝ = + c, c ∈ ℝ = F = 3 ⇔ − cos + c = 3 ⇔
13 17
+1 6 6
4 4
π
4 17 4 ⇔ − − cos + c = 3 ⇔
= x 4 + c, c ∈ ℝ = 4 x17 + c, c ∈ ℝ = 6
17 17
3 3 3
4 44 ⇔ +c= 3⇔c= 3− ⇔c=
= x x + c, c ∈ ℝ 2 2 2
17
3
Logo, a primitiva pedida é F ( x ) = − cos ( x ) + .
Pág. 105 2
F ( x ) = ∫ f ( x ) d x ∫ e x d x = e x + c, c ∈ ℝ
3.1. ∫ sin d x = − cos x + c, c ∈ ℝ 4.5.
2
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
∫ 2e d x = e + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 1 2x 2x
x2
x 3 − −1 6.1.
=∫ d x − 2 ∫ dx = ∫ x 2
d x − 2∫ x 3
dx =
x x
∫ 4x
4 4
1 2
6.2. 3
e x d x = e x + c, c ∈ ℝ
− +1 1 − +1 1
2 3
x x
= − 2× + c, c ∈ ℝ = 2 x 2 − 2 × 3 x 3 , c ∈ ℝ = ∫ (1 + 2 x ) e
x + x2 2
6.3. d x = e x + x + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 2
− +1 − +1
2 3 ln x 1 ln 2 x
= 2 x − 6 x + c, c ∈ ℝ3
6.4. ∫ x
d x = ∫ ln x d x =
x 2
+ c, c ∈ ℝ
d x = ln x 2 + 1 + c, c ∈ ℝ = ln ( x 2 + 1) + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 2x
5.10. ∫ x − 2 x
−3 1
d x = ∫ d x − 2∫ x d x =
−3 6.5. ∫x 2
+1
x
d x = 5ln ( x 2 + 1) + c, c ∈ ℝ
10 x 2x
= ln x − 2 ×
x −3 +1
+ c, c ∈ ℝ =
6.6. ∫x 2
+1
d x = 5∫ 2
x +1
−3 + 1
∫ 3x cos x dx = sin x + c, c ∈ ℝ
2 3 3
6.7.
x −2
= ln x − 2 × + c, c ∈ ℝ =
−2 6.8. ∫ 2sin ( 2 x ) d x = − cos ( 2 x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
= ln x + x −2 + c, c ∈ ℝ =
x 1 2x ln ( x 2 + 1)
1
= ln x + 2 + c, c ∈ ℝ
6.9. ∫x 2
+1
dx = ∫ 2
2 x +1
dx =
2
+ c, c ∈ ℝ
x
1 1
3x − x3 3x x3 6.10. ∫ cos ( 5 x ) d x = 5 ∫ 5cos ( 5 x ) d x = 5 sin ( 5 x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
5.11. ∫ x
dx = ∫
x
dx−∫
x
dx =
1
∫ ( x − 3) ( x − 3 ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
8 9
6.11. dx =
x x3 9
= 3∫ dx−∫ 1
dx =
x 1 1 1
x2
∫ ( 2 x + 5) d x = 2 ∫ 2( 2 x + 5) d x = 4 × 2 ( 2 x + 5)
3 3 4
6.12. + c, c ∈ ℝ =
5 1 5
x
= 3∫ d x − ∫ x d x = 3∫ x d x − ∫ x d x =
2 2 2
1
( 2 x + 5 ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 4
2
=
x 8
1 5 3 7
+1 +1 1 3
∫ 3e d x = 3∫ e 2 x d x = 3 × ∫ 2e 2 x d x = e 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
2x
x2 x2 x2 x2 6.13.
=3 − + c, c ∈ ℝ = 3 − + c, c ∈ ℝ = 2 2
1 5 3 7
+1 +1 1
2 2 2 2
1
3
2 72 6.14. ∫ dx = ∫ x dx = ln ln x + c, c ∈ ℝ
= 2x 2 − x + c, c ∈ ℝ = x ln x ln x
7
x
2 7 cos
=2 x − x + c, c ∈ ℝ =
3 x 2
6.15. ∫ sin dx = − + c, c ∈ ℝ =
7 2 1
2 3 2
= 2x x − x x + c, c ∈ ℝ
7 x
= −2cos + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 1 2
5.12. ∫ − sin x + 2 cos x d x = ∫ sin x d x + 2 ∫ cos x d x = sin ( e x ) d x = − cos ( e x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
∫e
x
6.16.
1
= − ( − cos ) + sin x + c, c ∈ ℝ = 2 1
2 6.17. ∫ cos 2
x
d x = 2∫
cos 2 x
d x = 2 tan x + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 6 3
= cos x + sin x + c, c ∈ ℝ
2 6.18. ∫ cos ( 3x ) d x = 2∫ cos ( 3x ) d x = 2 tan ( 3x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
2 2
3
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
1 1 1 p ( t ) = ∫ v ( t ) dt
cos ( x −1 ) d x = ∫
1 1
6.25. ∫x 2
x2
cos d x = − ∫ − 2 cos d x
x x x Assim,
1 p ( t ) = ∫ v ( t ) dt = ∫ ( 0,5t 2 + 4t ) dt =
= − sin + c, c ∈ ℝ
x = 0,5∫ t 2dt + 4 ∫ t dt =
1
1 2 x t3 t2
6.26. ∫ d x = 2∫ d x = 2 tan + c, c ∈ ℝ = 0,5 + 4 + c, c ∈ ℝ =
x
x 2 3 2
cos 2 cos 2
2 2 t3
= + 2t 2 + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 6
6.27. ∫ sin ( 2 − 4 x ) d x = − 4 ∫ −4sin ( 2 − 4 x ) d x = A distância pedida é dada por p ( 3) − p (1) .
1
= − ( − cos ( 2 − 4 x ) ) + c, c ∈ ℝ = Logo,
4
33 13
p ( 3) − p (1) = + 2 ( 3) + c − + 2 (1) + c =
2 2
1
= cos ( 2 − 4 x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ 6 6
4
27 1
1 = + 18 + c − − 2 − c =
6.28. ∫ cos ( 3x + 2 ) d x = 3 ∫ 3cos ( 3x + 2 ) d x = 6 6
26 61
1 = + 16 =
= sin ( 3 x + 2 ) + c, c ∈ ℝ 6 3
3
61
1 −1 A distância pedida é metros.
6.29. ∫ 3 − x dx = − ∫ 3 − x dx = − ln 3 − x + c, c ∈ ℝ 3
∫ ( 3x )
− 5 x + 2 dx = 3∫ x 2dx − 5 ∫ xdx + 2 ∫1 dx =
2
1 20 x 9.1.
6.30. ∫ 20 d x = x
∫ ln ( 20 ) 20 x d x = + c, c ∈ ℝ
ln 20 ln 20 1
+1
−2 +1 x3 x2
2 1 x = 3× − 5 × + 2 × x + c, c ∈ ℝ =
6.31. ∫ 2 d x = 2 ∫ 2 d x = 2 ∫ x −2 dx = 2 + c, c ∈ ℝ = 3 1
x x −2 + 1 +1
2
= 2 ( − x − x ) + c, c ∈ ℝ = − + c, c ∈ ℝ
2 3
x x2
= x − 5×3
+ 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ =
sin ( 2 x ) 3 −2sin ( 2 x ) 3 3
∫ dx = − 3 cos ( 2 x ) + c, c∈ℝ
2 ∫ 3 3 cos 2 ( 2 x )
6.32. dx = − 2
3
cos 2 ( 2 x ) 2
2
= x 3 − 5 x x + 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ =
3
Pág. 107
2
= x3 − x 5 x + 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
7. ∫ a ( t ) dt = ∫ 5dt = 5t + c, c ∈ ℝ 3
4
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
1
1 3 1
2 1 1 −
t 4 2t 3
∫ 2x x2 x 2 ∫ x ∫ ∫ 2 dx = ∫−2 ( t − 2t + 3) dt = 4 − 3 + 3t =
−2 1
9.2. − + dx = dx − 2 x d x + 3 x 1.3. 3 2
−1
1 1
( −2 ) 2 ( −2 )
4 3
= ln x − 2 ( −1) x −1 + 3 2 x 2 + c, c ∈ ℝ = 14 2 × 13
2 = − + 3 × 1 − − + 3 × ( −2 ) =
4 3 4 3
1 2
= ln x + + 6 x + c, c ∈ ℝ 1 2 16 16 31 10 3
2 x = − + 3 − + − 6 = − = −
4 3 4 3 12 3 4
∫ 3e + x + ln ( 2 ) dx = 3∫ e
8 1
9.3. x x
dx + 8∫ dx + ln 2 ∫1dx = 2
x 2 t3 1 t4 t2 t
1.4. ∫ − t + dt = − + =
( ) 2 2 8 2 2 1
1
= 3e x + 8ln x + ln 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
24 22 2 14 12 1
1 1 1 = − + − − + =
∫ ( 2 x + 6) dx = 2 ∫ 2( 2 x + 6) dx = 2 × 6 x ( 2 x + 6) + c, c∈ℝ =
5 5 6
9.4. 8 2 2 8 2 2
1 1 1 1 7
=
1
( 2 x + 6 ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
6
= ( 2 − 2 + 1) − − + = 1 − =
12 8 2 2 8 8
2t e2
dt = ln t + 1 e = ln ( e + 1) − ln ( e + 1) =
1 1 e2
∫x 6∫ ∫
6 6 6
e1− x dx = − −6 x 5 e1− x dx = − e1− x + c, c ∈ ℝ
5 2 4 2
9.5. 1.5. 2
6 e
t +1
2x4 x4 2 5x4 e4 + 1
9.6. ∫x 5
+1
dx = 2 ∫ 5
x +1
dx = ∫ 5
5 x +1
dx = = ln 2
e +1
2
= ln x5 + 1 + c, c ∈ ℝ
ln 4 4
ln 4 e 4t e 4 ln 4 e0 eln 4 1
5 1.6. ∫
0
e 4 t dt = =
4 0 4
− =
4 4
− =
4
2ln x ln x 1
9.7. ∫ x dx = 2∫ x dx = 2∫ x ln x dx = 44 1 255
= − =
ln 2 x 4 4 4
= 2× + c, c ∈ ℝ = ln 2 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
∫ ( e + e ) dt = e − e = ( eln 2 − e − ln 2 )( e − ln 2 − e ln 2 ) =
ln 2 ln 2
−t −t
2 1.7. t t
− ln 2 − ln 2
1 1 2
∫ xe ∫
x2 2
9.8. dx = 2 x e x dx = e x + c, c ∈ ℝ 1 1
2 2 =2− − +2=3
2 2
10 x3 − 5 x 20 x 3 − 10 x 4 x3 − 2 x
9.9. ∫ dx = ∫ dx = 5∫ dx = π π
π π
x4 − x2 + 6 2 x4 − x2 + 6 2 x4 − x2 + 6 1.8. ∫3
π 2sin (t ) dt = [−2cos (t )] 3 π = −2cos − −2cos − =
−
3
−
3 3 3
= 5 x 4 − x 2 + 6 + c, c ∈ ℝ
1 π 1
= −2 × + 2cos = −1 + 2 × = −1 + 1 = 0
∫ sin x cos x dx =
2
9.10. 2 3 2
= ∫ − ( − sin x ) cos 2
x dx = − ∫ ( − sin x ) 3cos 2 x dx = π 2π
π
sin 2 sin −
π
sin ( 2t ) 3 3 − 6 =
1.9. ∫3
cos ( 2t ) dt = =
cos3 x −
π
=− + c, c ∈ ℝ 6 2 − π 2 2
6
3
3 2π π 3 3
1
( x + 3) 2 sin sin − −
9.11. ∫ x + 3 dx = ∫ ( x + 3 ) 2 dx = + c, c ∈ ℝ = = 3 − 3
= 2 − 2 =
3 2 2 2 2
2
3 3 2 3 3
2 = + = =
( x + 1)
3
= + c, c ∈ ℝ 4 4 4 2
3
3
dt = [3ln t ] 1 , t > 0 =
e
∫
e
1 −2sin ( 2 x ) 1 1.10.
∫ tan ( 2 x) dx = − 2 ∫ cos ( 2 x )
dx = − ln cos ( 2 x ) + c, c∈ℝ
1
9.12. e 2 t e2
2
1
= 3ln e− 3ln 2 = 3 × 1 − 3ln ( e−2 ) = 3 − 3 × ( −2 ) = 9
Ficha para praticar 20 e
∫0 ( 5t − 2t ) dt = 3 − t = 3 − 2 − 0 =
2
2
1.2. = ln ln = − ln 4
0 2 4
40 28
= −4=
3 3
5
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
14π
t e ln t e1 ln 2 ( t )
e
1 7 7π
7π
7
7 7π 2 2
1 2
1
= −7 cos ( 2π ) + 7 cos ( π ) = −7 × 1 + 7 × ( −1) = −14 =
ln e
−
2 2
( )
ln (1)
=
ln e
− 0 = 2 −0 =
2 2 2 2 2
1
e3 1 e3 e3
1
1.13. ∫ dt = ∫ t dt = ln ln t e = 1
e t ln t e ln t = 4 =
2 8
= ln ( ln e3 ) − ln ( ln e ) = ln 3 − ln1 = ln 3 − 0 = ln 3
1 3t 1 3t 1 3t
1 2 2 2
1
2 2
1.23. ∫ ( t + 1)
0 2
− 2t
dt = ∫
0 t 2 + 2t + 1 − 2t ∫0 t 2 + 1
= =
∫ 2e dt = e3t = e3 − e0 = e3 −
3t
1.14.
0
3 0 3 3 3 3 1
3
dt = ln ( t 2 + 1) =
3 1 2t
2 ∫0 t 2 + 1
π π =
3 3 2 2 0
1.15. ∫6
π
cos 2 ( 2t )
dt = ∫
2 cos 2 ( 2t )
dt = 6
π
12 12 3 3ln 2
= ( ln 2 − ln1) =
3 π
3 π π 2 2
= tan ( 2t ) 6π = tan − tan =
2 2 3 6 π π
− sin t π
∫ tan t dt = − ∫ 6π dt = − ln cos t 6 π =
12 6
1.24. π
− − −
3 3 3 2 3 3 3 cos t 3
= 3 − = × = 3
2 3 2 3 π π 3 1
= − ln cos − − ln cos − = − ln + ln =
9 3 9 6 3 2 2
1.16. ∫ dt = 6 t = 6 9 − 6 4 = 6 × 3 − 6 × 2 = 18 − 12 = 6
4
t 4
1 3 1 2 1 3
π = ln − ln = ln 2 × 3 = ln 3 = ln 3 .
π π 1 π 2 2
1.17. ∫ π sin 2t + dt = − cos 2t + =
−
2 2 2 2 − π
2
Pág. 109
1 π 1 π π
= − cos 2π + − − cos 2 × − + = x4 44
4
24
∫ (x + 2 ) dx = + 2 x = + 2 × 4 − + 2 × 2 =
4
2 2 2 2 2 2.1. 3
2
4 2 4 4
1 π 1 π
= − cos + cos − = 0 = ( 64 + 8 ) − ( 4 + 4 ) = 64
2 2 2 2
ln 5 2 2 Geometricamente, significa que a medida da área da região
ln 5 e 2t e 2 ln 5 e 2 ln 3 eln 5 eln 3
∫ln 3 e dt = 2 = 2 − 2 = 2 − 2 =
2t
1.18. do plano delimitada pelo gráfico da função y = x 3 + 2 , o
ln 3
eixo Ox e as retas de equações x = 2 e x = 4 é igual a
25 9
= − =8 64 u.a..
2 2 1
−
1
3 2
2
( x − 3x ) dx = x3 − 32x =
2 −
π2
∫
π π
π 2
2t cos ( t 2 ) dt = sin t = sin − sin 0 = sin − 0 =
2
2.2.
∫4 2 4
1.19. −1
4 −1
16
0 0
π2 1 3 1
2
= sin − 3 −
2 ( −1) 3 ( −1)
3 2
=
2
16 − − − =
3 2 3 2
e
4π
3 sin ( ln t ) e
4π
3
1
4π
sin ( ln t ) dt = − cos ( ln t ) eπ =
e3
1.20. ∫
eπ t
dt = ∫ π
e t
1 3 1 3 5 11 17
4π = − − −− − = − + =
= − cos ln e − − cos ( ln e π ) =
3
( ) 24 8 3 2 12 6 12
Geometricamente, significa que a medida da área da região
4π 1 1 1 do plano delimitada pelo gráfico da função y = x 2 − 3 x , o
= − cos + cos π = − − − 1 = − 1 = −
3 2 2 2 1
t 1
eixo Ox e as retas de equações x = −1 e x = − é igual a
1 et 1 t− 1 2
1.21. ∫ 1
dt = ∫ e 2
dt = 2 ∫ e dt = 2
(e ) 17
0 0 0
t 2
u.a..
12
1
t 1
( ) ∫ ( e + 1) dx = e + x = ( eln 3 + ln 3) − ( e0 + 0 ) =
ln 3 ln 3
x x
= 2 e 2 = 2 e 2 − e0 = 2 e −1 = 2.3.
0 0
0
= 3 + ln 3 − 1 = 2 + ln 3
=2 e −2 Geometricamente, significa a medida da área da região do
plano delimitada pelo gráfico da função y = e x + 1 , o eixo
6
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
3 e +1 e 1
= − ln e − ( − ln1) = −1 + 0 = −1
e
de equações x = e −1 e x = 3 e é igual a ln −1 . 7.2. ∫ − x dx = − ln x
1 1
e +1
2 −1 2
3. A área pedida, A , é dada por: 7.3. ∫−2
x + 1 dx = ∫
−2
( − x − 1) dx + ∫−1 ( x + 1) dx =
1
x3
(−x + 9 ) dx = − + 9 x =
1
A=∫ 2
−1 2
−2
3 −2 x2 x2
= − − x + + x =
2 −2 2 −1
( −2 ) 26 8
3
1
= − + 9 − − + 9 × ( −2 ) = − − 18 =
3 3 3 3
( −1)2 ( −2 )2
= − − ( −1) − − − ( −2 ) +
2 2
26 8
=
− + 18 = 24
3 3
( −1)
2
22
A medida da área pedida é igual a 24 u.a.. + + 2 − + ( −1) =
2 2
4. A área pedida, A , é dada por:
5π 5π
5π π
A = ∫π4 sin x dx = [ − cos x ] π4 = − cos − − cos = 1 1
4 6 = − +1+ 2 − 2 + 4 − +1 = 5
6 6 2 2
2 3 2+ 3 2 −2 2
= − −
2
+
2
=
2
7.4. ∫−3
2 x + 4 dx = ∫
−3
( −2 x − 4 ) dx + ∫−2 ( 2 x + 4 ) dx =
−2 2
2+ 3 = − x 2 − 4 x + x 2 + 4 x
A medida da área pedida é igual a u.a.. −3 −2
2
( ) (
= − ( −2 ) − 4 × ( −2 ) − −3 × ( −3) − 4 × ( −3) +
2 2
)
Pág. 110
3 3 x2
f ( x ) dx = ∫ ( −3 x + 2 ) dx = −3 + 2 x =
3
2
(
+ ( 2 2 + 4 × 2 ) − ( −2 ) + 4 ( −2 ) =
)
5. ∫2 2
2 2
= −4 + 8 + 9 − 12 + 12 + 4 = 17
32 22
= −3 × + 2 × 3 − −3 × + 2 × 2 = 2x
dx = ln ( x 2 +1) =
5 5
2 2 7.5. ∫ 2 x2 + 4 2
27 11
( 5 ) +1− (ln ( 2 ) +1) =
=−
+6+6−4= − 2 2
2 2 = ln
Geometricamente, significa que o simétrico do integral
3 6
∫ f ( x ) dx
2
é igual à medida da área da região do plano = ln 6 − ln 3 = ln = ln 2
3
delimitada pelo gráfico de f , pelo eixo Ox e pelas retas de
4 3 4
equações x = 2 e x = 3 , ou seja, essa área é igual a 7.6. ∫ x − 3 dx = ∫ ( − x + 3) dx + ∫ ( x − 3) dx =
2 2 3
11
− ∫ f ( x ) dx =
. x2 x2
3 4
2 = − + 3x + − 3x =
6. Seja A a medida da área pedida. 2 2 2 3
π 5π
A = ∫π3 cos x dx − ∫ 4 cos x dx = 32 22 42 32
π = − + 3×3 − − + 3× 2 + − 3× 4 − − 3×3 =
4 2 2 2 2
π 5π
= [sin x ] 3π − [ sin x ]π4 = 9 9
= − + 9 + 2 − 6 + 8 − 12 − + 9 = 1
4 2 2
π π 5π
= sin − sin − sin − sin π = ( −x + 1) dx + ∫ ( x 2 − 1) dx =
2 1 2
∫ − x 2 + 1 dx = ∫ 2
7.7.
3 4 4 −1 −1 1
3 2 2 3 x3 x3
1 2
= − − − − 0 = = − + x + − x =
2 2 2 2 3 −1 3 1
7
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
13 ( −1)
3
23 13 Como P ( 0 ) = 2,2 m, vem que p ( t ) = −0,4t 2 + 2t + 2,2 é a
= − + 1 − − + ( −1) + − 2 − − 1 =
3 3 3 3
função variação do ponto material P .
10.1. a ( 6 ) = 4 × 6 − 1 = 23
1 1 8 1 8
= − +1− +1+ − 2 − +1 = No instante t = 6 a partícula desloca-se com uma aceleração
3 3 3 3 3
de 23 m/s 2 .
t
π π
sin 2 x π
1 − cos 2 x 10.2. v ( t ) − v0 = ∫ a ( t ) dt =
∫ tan x dx = ∫ dx = ∫ 4 dx =
4 2 4 0
7.8. 2
0 0 cos x 0 cos 2 x t
= ∫ ( 4t − 1) dt =
0
π
1 π
= ∫4 − 1 dx = [ tan x − x ]04 =
t
4t 2 t
0 2
cos x = − t = 2t 2 − t =
2 0
0
π π π π
= tan − − ( tan ( 0 ) − 0 ) = 1 − − 0 = 1 − = ( 2t 2 − t ) − ( 2 × 0 2 − 0 ) =
4 4 4 4
= 2t 2 − t
8. Determinemos as abcissas dos pontos do gráfico de f que
Assim,
têm ordenada nula. v ( t ) − v0 = 2t 2 − t ⇔ v ( t ) = 2t 2 − t + v0
f ( x ) = 0 ⇔ x − 3x + 2 x = 0 ⇔ x ( x − 3x + 2 ) = 0 ⇔
3 2 2
Como v ( 2 ) = 26 , vem que:
⇔ x = 0 ∨ x 2 − 3x + 2 = 0 ⇔ v ( 2 ) = 26 ⇔ 2 × 22 − 2 + v0 = 26 ⇔
⇔ 8 − 2 + v0 = 26 ⇔ v0 = 20
3 ± 9 − 4 ×1× 2
⇔ x = 0∨ x = ⇔
2 Portanto, v ( t ) = 2t 2 − t + 20
⇔ x = 0 ∨ x = 1∨ x = 2
Logo, v ( 6 ) = 2 × 62 − 6 + 20 ⇔ v ( 6 ) = 72 + 14 ⇔ v ( 6 ) = 86 .
1 2
∫ f ( x ) dx − ∫ f ( x ) dx =
0 1
No instante t = 6 a partícula desloca-se a uma velocidade de
86 m/s .
= ∫ ( x 3 − 3 x 2 + 2 ) dx − ∫ ( x 3 − 3x 2 + 2 x ) dx =
1 2
t
0 1 10.3. s ( t ) − s0 = ∫ v ( t ) dt =
0
1 2
x 4 3 x3 2 x 2 x 4 3 x 3 2 x 2 2t 3 t 2
t
= − + − − + =
t
= ∫ 2t 2 − t + 20 dt = − + 20t =
4 3 2 0 4 3 2 1 0
3 2 0
x4 x4
1
2
2t 3 t 2 2 × 03 0 2
= − x3 + x 2 − − x3 + x 2 = = − + 20t − − + 20 × 0 =
4 4 3 2 3 2
0 1
2t 3 t 2
1 0 2
4
1 = − + 20t
= −1+1 − − 0 + 0 − − 23 + 22 − −1+1 = 3 2
4 4 4 4
2t 3 t 2
Assim, s ( t ) − s0 = − + 20t
1 1 2 1 3 2
= −0−0+ = =
4 4 4 2 2t 3 t 2
Como s0 = 0 , vem que s ( t ) = − + 20t é a função
1 3 2
A medida da área pedida é igual a u.a.. posição desta partícula.
2
Por outro lado, pretende-se determinar a posição desta
partícula no instante t = 6 , logo,
Pág. 111
2 × 63 6 2
9.
t
P ( t ) − P ( 0 ) = ∫ v ( t ) dt = s ( 6) = − + 20 × 6 ⇔ s ( 6 ) = 246 .
0 3 2
t No instante t = 6 a partícula encontrava-se a 246 m do ponto
= ∫ ( 2 − 0,8t ) dt =
0
em que se encontrava no instante t = 0 .
t
0,8t 2 11.1. Ponto A : g ( x ) = 0 ⇔ x − 2 = 0 ⇔ x = 2 , portanto,
= 2t − =
2 0
A( 2 , 0)
t
= 2t − 0,4t 2 =
( x)
2
f ( x ) = g ( x) ⇔ x = x − 2 ⇒ = ( x − 2) ⇔
0 2
Ponto B :
= ( 2t − 0, 4t 2
) − ( 2 × 0 − 0, 4 × 0 ) =
2
⇔ x = x2 − 4 x + 4 ⇔ x2 −5 x + 4 = 0 ⇔
= 2t − 0,4t 2
5 ± 25 − 4 × 4
Assim, ⇔x= ⇔
2
P ( t ) − P0 = 2t − 0,4t 2 ⇔ P ( t ) = −0, 4t 2 + 2t + P0 ⇔ x = 1∨ x = 4
8
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
∫ ( 3x + 3) − ( − x + x + 2 ) dx + ∫1 ( −3 x + 6 ) − ( − x 2 + x + 2 ) dx =
0 2 2
2 2
( )
2 4
=∫ x dx + ∫ x − ( x − 2 ) dx = −1
2
0 2
2 4
2 3 2 3 x2 1
= x 2 + x 2 − + 2x = = ∫ 2 ( x 2 + 2 x + 5 )dx + ∫1 ( x 2 − 4 x + 4 ) dx =
2
3 0 3 2 2 −1
2
2 3 2 3 42 2 3 22 1
2
= × 2 2 − 0 + × 4 2 − + 2× 4 − × 2 2 − + 2× 2 = x3 x3
2
3 3 2 3 2 = + x2 + 5x + − 2x2 + 4x =
3 −1 3 1
2 32 2 32 2 3 2
= × 2 + × 4 − 8 + 8 − × 22 + 2 − 4 =
3 3 3 19 1 8 37 9 9 9
= − − + − = + =
3 3 24 3 3 24 8 8 4
× 4 − 2 = × (2 )
2 2 2 3 16 10
= 2 2 2
−2= ×2 −2 = −2 =
3 3 3 3 3 9
A medida da área pedida é igual a u.a.
10 4
A medida da área pedida é u.a.
3
Ficha de teste 10
12. ▪ f ( x ) = 0 ⇔ − x2 + x + 2 = 0 ⇔
Pág. 112
−1± 1− 4 ( −1)× 2 −1+ 3 −1− 3
⇔ x= ⇔ x= ∨x= ⇔ 1. Como F é uma primitiva de f , tem-se que F ′ = f .
2 ( −1) −2 −2
Assim, vem:
⇔ x = −1 ∨ x = 2
3 ′
F ′ ( x ) = (1 − 3e x ) = 3 (1 − 3e x ) (1 − 3e x )′ =
2
▪ Equação da reta tangente ao gráfico de f no ponto de
abcissas x = −1
= 3 (1 − 3e x ) ( −3e x ) = −9e x (1 − 3e x )
2 2
f ′ ( x ) = ( − x + x + 2 )′ = −2 x + 1
2
Resposta: (D)
f ′ ( −1) = −2 ( −1) + 1 = 2 + 1 = 3 6 1
2. F ( x ) = ∫ f ( x ) dx = ∫ dx = 6 ∫ dx = 6ln x + c, c ∈ ℝ
x x
f ( −1) = 0
Então,
Como F ( e ) = 4 , vem que:
3 x
y − f ( −1) = f ′ ( −1)( x + 1) ⇔ y − 0 = 3 ( x + 1) ⇔ 2
6ln 3 e x + c = 4 ⇔ 6ln e 3 + c = 4 ⇔
⇔ y = 3x + 3
Equação da reta tangente ao gráfico de f no ponto de 2
⇔ 6× +c=4⇔ 4+c =4⇔ c=0
3
abcissa x = 2 .
Portanto, F ( x ) = 6 ln x .
f ( 2 ) = 0 ; f ′ ( 2 ) = −2 × 2 + 1 = −3
Resposta: (A)
y − f ( 2 ) = f ′ ( 2 )( x − 2 ) ⇔ y − 0 = −3 ( x − 2 ) ⇔ 10π 2π
5π
− cos − cos
5π
− cos ( 2t ) 3 3 − 6 =
⇔ y = −3x + 6 3. ∫ π
3
sin ( 2t ) dt = =
6 2 π 2 2
▪ Consideremos, agora, o gráfico de f e das 6
Logo, v ( t ) = 6t + v0 .
9
6. Primitivas e cálculo integral
v ( t ) = 6t + 6
= 2 ln ( ln t ) e = 2 ln ( ln e 2 ) − ln ( ln e ) =
e2
g ( x ) − f ( x ) dx = ∫ ( − x 2 + 4 ) − ( x 2 − 2 x ) dx =
Pág. 113 2 2
4
∫−1 −1
x
∫ − x + − 2 x 2 + π dx =
5
6.1. 2
10 2
( −2 x + 2 x + 4 ) dx = − x 3 + x 2 + 4 x =
2
=∫ 2
1 −1
3 −1
= − ∫ x 5dx +
10 ∫
x 4 dx − 2∫ x 2dx + π ∫1 dx =
2 2
= − × 23 + 22 + 4× 2 − − ×( −1) + ( −1) + 4×( −1) =
3 2
x 6 1 x5 x3 3 3
= − + × − 2 × + πx + c , c ∈ ℝ =
6 10 5 3
x 6 x5 2 3 16 2
= − + 4 + 8 − + 1 − 4 =
=− + − x + πx + c, c ∈ ℝ 3 3
6 50 3
x2 − x x2 x =9
6.2. ∫ 3x dx = ∫ 3 x dx − ∫ 3 x dx = Portanto, a medida da área da região do plano representada a
1
1 1 1 sombreado é igual a 9 u.a..
x2 x 2 2− −
=∫ 1
dx − ∫ 1
dx = ∫ x 3
dx − ∫ x 2 3 dx = 9. Determina-se as abcissas dos pontos de interseção dos
3 3
x x
5 1
gráficos de f e de g .
5 1 +1 +1
x3 x6
= ∫ x dx − ∫ x dx =
3
− 6
+ c, c ∈ ℝ = f ( x ) = g ( x ) ⇔ x2 = x + 6 ⇔ x2 − x − 6 = 0 ⇔
5 1
+1 +1
3 6
1 ± 1 − 4 × ( −6 ) 1+ 5 1− 5
8 7 ⇔x= ⇔x= ∨x= ⇔
x 3
x 3 6
6 2 2 2
= − + c, c ∈ ℝ = x 2 3 x 2 − x 6 x + c, c ∈ ℝ
8 7 8 7 ⇔ x = 3 ∨ x = −2
3 6
Assim, a medida da área pedida é dada por:
2 x3 1 4 x3 1
∫ x 4 + 2 dx = 2 ∫ x 4 + 2 dx = 2 ln x + 2 + c, c ∈ ℝ =
4
6.3. 3 5
∫ g ( x ) − f ( x ) dx + ∫ f ( x ) − g ( x ) dx =
−2 3
= ln ( x 4 + 2 ) + c, c ∈ ℝ
1
3 5
2 = ∫ x + 6 − x 2 dx + ∫ x 2 − ( x + 6 ) dx =
−2 3
e5 x 1 1 1 e5 x
∫ 15 dx = 15 ∫ e dx = × ∫ 5e5 x dx = + c, c ∈ ℝ
5x
6.4. 3 5
15 5 75 x2 x3 x3 x 2
= + 6x − + − − 6 x =
1 1 1 2 3 −2 3 2 3
∫ ( 2e + e ) dt = 2∫ ( e + e ) dt = 2 e − e
ln ln
−t −t −t
7.1. 1
2 t 2
1
t t
12 =
ln ln ln
8 8 8 27 22 5 7
= − − − − − =
ln
1
− ln
1
ln
1
− ln
1
2 3 6 2
= 2 e 2
−e 2
− e 8
−e 8
=
125 38 67
= + =
1 ln 2 1 6 3 2
= 2 − e − − eln 8 =
2 8 Portanto, a medida da área da região do plano representado a
1 1 3 63 63 51 67
= 2 − 2 − − 8 = 2 − + = −3 + = sombreado é igual a u.a..
2 8 2 8 4 4 2
10