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COMUNIDADES CIGANAS:
REPRESENTAÇÕES E DINÂMICAS DE
EXCLUSÃO / INTEGRAÇÃO

Eduardo Costa Dias


Isabel Alves
Nuno Valente
Sérgio Aires
Biblioteca Nacional- Catalogação na Publicação
Comunidades ciganas: representações e dinâmicas de exclusão-integração/
/Eduardo Costa Dias...[et al.].
(Olhares:6)

ISBN 989-8000-12-0

I-Dias,Eduardo Costa
CDU 397
316

FICHA TÉCNICA

TÍTULO
Comunidades ciganas: representações e dinâmicas de exclusão-integração

AUTORES
Eduardo Costa Dias
Isabel Alves
Nuno Valente
Sérgio Aires

EDITOR
Alto Comissariado para a Imigração e Minorias Étnicas
Rua Álvaro Coutinho, 14, 1050-025 Lisboa
Tel.: 218 106 100 Fax: 218 106 117
e-mail: acime@acime.gov.pt

CONCEPÇÃO GRÁFICA
Helena Valente
CAPA
Jorge Vicente
FOTOGRAFIA DE CAPA
Jorge Firmino

IMPRESSÃO
7H[W\SH$UWHV*Ui¿FDV/'$
Primeira edição
Janeiro 2006
Tiragem
1000 exemplares

ISBN
989-8000-12-0

Depósito legal
237472/06
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