Ingls Instrumental ESTRATGIAS DE LEITURA

Skimming: leitura rpida para ter-se uma ideia central do texto. Scanning: leitura com objetivo de encontrar algumas informaes especficas no texto. Prediction: significa inferir o contedo de um texto atravs de seu conhecimento prvio sobre o tema (background); atravs do contexto semntico (palavras de um mesmo grupo, por exemplo: hospital, nurse, doctor, ambulance); contexto lingustico (pistas gramaticais); contexto no-lingustico (gravuras, grficos, tabelas, nmeros etc.); conhecimento sobre estrutura do texto (lay out, ttulo, subttulo, diviso de pargrafos etc.). Vale ressaltar a importncia do conhecimento prvio do leitor e das suas expectativas e dedues em relao ao texto. FACILITADORES Cognates: so palavras de origem grega ou latina bem parecidas com as do portugus. Ex. different diferente, infection infeco.

Obs.: Ateno com os falsos cognatos. Ex. pretend no significa pretender, mas sim, fingir; importante observar se a palavra se encaixa no contexto.

Repeated words: se uma palavra aparece vrias vezes no texto, isto significa que ela importante para a compreenso do mesmo. Typographical Evidences: so smbolos, letras maisculas, negrito, itlico, etc., que do dicas teis sobre o texto. Selectivity: leitura seletiva, isto , selecionar os trechos onde se quer encontrar uma determinada informao (pargrafos, por exemplo). Dictionary: o dicionrio deve ser utilizado como ltimo recurso para se descobrir o significado de uma palavra ou expresso desconhecida. Isso para que a leitura no seja lenta demais, e para que o leitor no desanime tendo que parar toda vez que encontrar algo desconhecido. COGNATOS Muito comuns na Lngua Inglesa, os cognatos so palavras de procedncia grega ou latina, bastantes parecidas com as da Lngua Portuguesa, tanto na forma, como no significado. Os cognatos podem ser: Idnticos: radio, piano, hospital, hotel, sofa, nuclear, social, total, particular, chance, camera, inventor, etc. Bastante parecidos: gasoline, banks, inflation, intelligent, population, revolution, commercial, attention, different, products, secretary, billion, dramatic, deposits, distribution,

automatic, television, public, events, models, etc. Vagamente parecidos: electricity, responsible, explain, activity, impossible, lamp, company, etc. PALAVRAS FAMILIARES (ESTRANGEIRISMOS) Familiares so palavras conhecidas pela maioria das pessoas que vive em um pas altamente influenciado pela cultura dos pases de Lngua Inglesa. No tm a mesma origem das palavras da Lngua Portuguesa. Alguns exemplos de Familiares: Software Fast food Delivery Shows Hamburguer Windows Video game Dollar Moto/Office Boy Play Hot dog Credit card Marketing Site DVD / CD Diet Mouse Light Drive-thru Record

FALSOS COGNATOS Tambm chamados de falsos amigos, os falsos cognatos so palavras normalmente derivadas do latim, que tm portanto a mesma origem e que aparecem em diferentes idiomas com ortografia semelhante, mas que ao longo dos tempos acabaram adquirindo significados diferentes.
EM INGLS ACTUAL ACTUALLY ADVERTISE ALUMNUS AMASS APPLICATION APPOINTMENT ARGUMENT ASSIST ATTEND AUDIENCE AVAILABLE BALCONY BARRACS BATON BEEF BOND CAFETERIA CAMERA CASUALTY CIGAR COLLAR COLLEGE COMMODITY COMPASS COMPETITION COMPREHENSIVE CONDUCTOR CONTEST CONVENIENT CONVICT COSTUME DATA DECEPTION DEFENDANT DESIGN DISGUST DIVERT EDITOR EDUCATED EMISSION ENROLL ESTATE SIGNIFICA EM PORTUGUS REAL NA VERDADE ANNCIO EX-ALUNO ACUMULAR INSCRIO HORA MARCADA DISCUSSO AJUDAR FREQUENTAR PLATIA, PBLICO DISPONVEL SACADA QUARTEL BATUTA, CACETETE CARNE DE GADO LAO, LIGAO REFEITRIO MQ. FOTOGRFICA FATALIDADE CHARUTO GOLA, COLARINHO FACULDADE ARTIGO, MERCADORIA BSSOLA CONCORRNCIA COMPLETO, TOTAL COBRADOR COMPETIO, CONCURSO PRTICO CONDENADO ROUPA, FANTASIA DADOS, INFORMAES LOGRO, FRAUDE RU PROJETO, CRIAO, ESTILO NUSEA DESVIAR REDATOR INSTRUDO DESCARGA ALISTAR-SE PROPRIEDADE, IMVEL MAS PARECE SER ATUAL ATUALMENTE ADVERTIR ALUNO AMASSAR APLICAO APONTAMENTO ARGUMENTO ASSISTIR ATENDER AUDINCIA AVALIAR BALCO BARRACA BATOM BIFE BUNDE CAFETERIA CMARA CASUALIDADE CIGARRO COLAR COLGIO COMODIDADE COMPASSO COMPETIO COMPREENSIVO CONDUTOR CONTEXTO CONVENIENTE CONVICTO COSTUME DATA DECEPO DEFENDER DESIGNAR DESGOSTO DIVERTIR EDITOR EDUCADO EMISSO ENROLLAR ESTADO QUE EM INGLS PRESENT NOWADAYS, TODAY WARN PUPIL WRINKLE, DENT, CRUSH INVESTMENT NOTE REASONING ATTEND ANSWER, SERVE COURT APPEARENCE EVALUATE COUNTER HUT, TENT LIPSTICK STEAK STREERCAR, TRAM COFFEE SHOP CHAMBER, TUBE CASUALLNESS CIGARETTE NECKLACE HIGH SCHOOL COMFORT A PAIR OF COMPASSES CONTEST UNDERSTANDING DRIVER CONTEXT APPROPRIATE CERTAIN CUSTOM, HABIT DATE DISAPPOINTMENT DEFEND APPOINT GRIEF ENJOY PUBLISHER POLITE ISSUE WIND, CURL STATE

EXCITING EXIT EXPERT EXQUISITE FABRIC FAMILIAR FILE INGENIOUS INGENUITY INJURY INTEND INTOXICATION INTRODUCE JOURNAL LARGE LECTURE LEGEND LIBRARY LUNCH LUXURY MAGAZINE MANAGE MAYOR MOISTURE NOTICE NOVEL OFFICE ORDINARY ORE PARENTS PARTICULAR PASTA POLICY PORT PORTER PREJUDICE PRESCRIBE PRETEND PREVENT PROCURE PROPAGANDA PROPER PULL PUSH REALIZE RECORD REPORT REQUIREMENT RESPITE RESUME RSUM RETIRE SENSIBLE SORT STABLE STRANGER STUPID SUPPORT SYMPATHETIC TENANT TENTATIVE TUTOR UNIQUE USE VEGETABLES

EMPOLGANTE SADA PERITO APURADO TECIDO CONHECIDO ARQUIVO CRIATIVO, ENGENHOSO ENGENHOSIDADE FERIMENTO PRETENDER EMBRIAGUEZ APRESENTAR PERIDICO GRANDE PALESTRA LENDA BIBLIOTECA ALMOO LUXO REVISTA ADMINISTRAR, CONSEGUIR PREFEITO UMIDADE PERCEBER ROMANCE ESCRITRIO COMUM MINRIO PAIS ESPECFICO MASSA POLTICA, NORMA PORTO CARREGADOR PRECONCEITO RECEITAR FINGIR IMPEDIR CONSEGUIR, ADQUIRIR DIVULGAODE IDIAS APROPRIADO, ADEQUADO PUXAR EMPURRAR PERCEBER GRAVAR, DISCO RELATRIO REQUISITO INTERVALO, PAUSA RECOMEAR CURRCULO APOSENTAR SENSATO ESPCIE, ESCOLHER FIRME, ESTVEL DESCONHECIDO BURRO SUSTENTAR, APOIAR COMPREENSIVO, SOLIDRIO INQUILINO PROVISRIO PROFESSOR PARTICULAR DIFERENTE, SEM IGUAL UTILIZAR, USAR VERDURAS, LEGUMES

EXCITANTE XITO ESPERTO ESQUISITO FBRICA FAMILIAR FILA INGNUO INGENUIDADE INJRIA ENTENDER INTOXICAO INTRODUZIR JORNAL LARGO LEITURA LEGENDA LIVRARIA LANCHE LUXRIA MAGAZINE MANEJAR MAIOR MISTURE NOTCIA NOVELA OFICIAL ORDINRIO OURO PARENTES PARTICULAR PASTA POLCIA PORTA PORTEIRO PREJUZO PRESCREVER PRETENDER PREVENIR PROCURAR PROPAGANDA PRPRIO PULAR PUXAR REALIZAR RECORDAR REPRTER REQUERIMENTO RESPEITO RESUMIR RESUMO RETIRAR SENSIVEL SORTE ESTBULO ESTRANGEIRO ESTPIDO SUPORTAR SIMPTICO TENENTE TENTATIVA TUTOR NICO USAR (VESTIR) VEGETAIS

THRILLING SUCCESS SMART WEIRD FACTORY MEMBER OF THE FAMILY LINE, QUEUE NAIVE NAIVETY INSULT UNDERSTAND POISONING INSERT NEWSPAPER WIDE READING SUBTITLE BOOKSTORE SNACK LUST DEPARTMENT STORE HANDLE BIGGER MIXTURE NEWS SOAP OPERA OFFICIAL VULGAR GOLD RELATIVES PRIVATE FOLDER, PASTE POLICE DOOR DOORMAN DAMAGE EXPIRE INTEND WARN LOOK FOR ADVERTISEMENT OWN JUMP PULL ACCOMPLISH REMEMBER, RECALL REPORTER REQUEST, PETITION RESPECT SUMMARIZE SUMMARY WITHDRAW SENSITIVE LUCK BARN FOREIGNER RUDE BEAR, STAND, TOLERATE NICE, PLEASANT, FRIENDLY LIEUTENANT ATTEMPT, TRY GUARDIAN THE ONLY ONE WEAR PLANTS

DOUBLE SENSE WORDS comum a todas as lnguas a ocorrncia de palavras com significado ou funo gramatical mltiplos. Frequentemente este mltiplo sentido em um idioma no tem correspondente em outro. Quer dizer: os termos nem sempre cobrem as mesmas reas de significado entre diferentes idiomas. Este fenmeno, tambm chamado de polissemia, ocorre

com qualquer idioma; assim como o portugus, o ingls tambm tem inmeras palavras de mltiplo significado. , entretanto a ocorrncia do fenmeno na lngua me do aluno que causa maior dificuldade. Partir do geral para o particular sempre mais difcil do que o inverso. Portanto, sempre que diferentes ideias representadas pela mesma palavra na lngua me do aluno corresponderem a diferentes palavras na segunda lngua, o mesmo ter dificuldades em expressar-se corretamente. As diferentes palavras do ingls que correspondem aos diferentes significados da palavra do portugus podem eventualmente funcionar como sinnimos, portanto neutralizando o contraste entre os dois idiomas. O objetivo, entretanto, mostrar os contrastes nas ocorrncias mais usuais do vocabulrio ingls moderno.
Ingls Abstract Affiliate Affluent Ambulant Apology Application Apply Argument Arm Bachelor Balance Ball Bar Bat Cancel Capital Case Cell Character China Class Classified Club Coll Collect Compass Confirmed Consistent Content Date Directory Easy Effective Entertain Faculty Figure Fix General Primeiro significado Abstrato Filiar-se Afluente Paciente de Ambulatrio Apologia Aplicao Aplicar Argumento Arma Bacharel Balana Bola Bar Basto de beisebol Cancelar Capital Caso Clula Carter China Classe Classificado Clube Fresco Colecionar Compasso Confirmado Consistente Contente Date Diretoria Fcil Efetivo Entreter Faculdade (mental) Figura Fixar General Segundo significado Resumo Determinar Paternidade Rico Capaz de Caminhar Desculpas Requerimento Inscrever-se Discusso Brao Solteiro Equilbrio Baile, Bala (projtil) Barra Morcego Carimbar Maiscula Estojo Cela Personagem, caractere Porcelana Aula Confidencial Taco de golfe Legal Cobrar, coletar Bssola Inveterado Compatvel Contedo Tmara, Encontro Lista telefnica Em Paz / Confortvel Verdadeiro Receber visitas Corpo Docente Nmero Consertar Geral Ingls Individual Interest Just Legend Letter Match Major Manifest Mark Mass Matter Medicine Move Observe Official Oil Operator Order Park Period Plant Principal Pupil Race Rare Record Rest Retire Roll Save Scale Sequel Spectacles Spirits Story Subject To Play Turkey Primeiro significado Individual Interesse Justo Legenda Letra Ligar (Relacionar) Major Manifesto Marca Massa Matria Medicina Mover Observar Oficial leo Operador Ordem Parque Perodo Planta Principal Pupila Raa Raro Recorde Resto Retirar Rolo Salvar Escala Sequela Espetculos Espritos Estria Sujeito Jogar/ Brincar Turquia Segundo significado Indivduo Juros Apenas Lenda Carta Partida (Jogo) Principal bvio Nota Missa Assunto Remdio Mudar Celebrar Autoridade Petrleo Telefonista Pedido Estacionar Menstruao Fbrica Diretor da escola Aluno Corrida Mal passado (carne) Gravar Descansar Aposentar Lista Economizar Balana Sequencia culos Bebida alcolica Pavimento, andar Assunto Tocar / Imitar Peru

English Exercise
A computer is a programmable machine that stores and retrieves data and performs highspeed logical and mathematical operations. However, it is not able to think. It accepts data and instrutions as input, and after processing then, it outputs the results. When we talk about computers, we have to consider the hardware and the software. The hardware consists of all electronic and mechanical parts that make up a computer system, and the software is the collection of data and programs needed to solve problems with a computer. 1 O melhor ttulo para o texto seria: a) The history of computers b) What is a computer? c) Hardware X Software

2 uma ideia presente no texto: a) O computador resolve problemas atravs do seu prprio raciocnio. b) O hardware mais importante para o computador que o software. c) O processamento de dados composto de trs etapas. 3 Do texto, podemos inferir que: a) O computador se presta a diversas aplicaes devido a sua versatilidade. b) O computador est se tornando cada dia menor e mais barato. c) O computador a inveno humana que mais evoluiu nas ltimas dcadas. 4. (...) the software is the collection of data and programs needed to solve problems with a computer. A ideia contida na orao acima est associada a: a) It basically consists of the systems analysts, the programmers, the operators and the technical managers. b) It is the collection of man-written solutions, as well as all documents to guide the operation of a computer. c) It consists of several units: the CPU, the main memory, and the peripherals known as input and output devices. 5. No trecho selecionado para a questo 4, a palavra programs pode ser entendida como: a) canais b) jogos c) instrues 6. A pergunta que pode ser respondida com base nas informaes contidas no texto : a) Quem inventou o computador? b) O que significa software? c) O que um dispositivo de entrada? 7. O melhor pargrafo para finalizar o texto seria: a) Fourth-generation computers are rather faster than third-generation computers and can complete thousands of instructions at a time. b) On the backside of the computer, there are several slots into which we can connect a wide range of peripherals. c) In only a short time, the computer has changed the way in which many jobs are done and has become part of our everyday lives. 8. Faa a correspondncia entre as palavras ( esquerda) e as definies ( direita) a) computer game ( ) The study and development of computer systems, hardware and software. b) computer graphics ( ) All of the hardware and software that can interact with a particular computer. c) computer science ( ) Charts, graphs, diagrams, or pictures produced with the aid of a computer. d) computer security ( ) A computer program designed for amusement or instruction. e) computer system ( )The process of protecting a computer system from access by virus or unauthorized persons. 9. Os fatos abaixo esto relacionados com a histria do computador. Numere-os de 1 a 5, partindo do mais antigo para o mais recente. ( ) In the 17th and 18th centuries, many ways of calculating were invented. ( ) The first analog computer was used in World War II. ( ) The primitive calculating device was the fingers of a mans hands. ( ) Howard Aiken invented the first digital computer, called Mark 1. ( ) The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820. 10.Complete the chart using the information from the texts below: 1. Czechoslovakias minister of Finance, Vaclav Klaus, an advocate of free-market

economic reforms, has emerged as his countrys fastest-rising politician. At a recent congress of the Civic Forum, the the coalition that toppled the Communist regime, Klaus was elected chairman, overwhelming the candidate supported by President Vaclav Havel. Last week in Prague, Klaus, 49, talked with NewsWeeks Andrew Nagorski about the Significance of his upset victory. 2. Last week Mexican poet and essayist Octavio Paz, 76, was awarded this years Nobel Prize in Literature. A day after the announcement, Paz met with Newsweeks Sarah Crichton in New York. 3. Chilean novelist Isabel Allende, 48, a niece of the late President Salvador Allende, is one of the most celebrated authors writing in Spanish. While visiting Rome to promote the release of her latest book, Stories of Eva Luna, she talked to Newsweeks Anne Whaley. 4. Jean-Luc Godard, 60, is widely considered one of the worlds great film directors. A founder of the French New Wave film movement, along with Franois Truffaut and Eric Rohmer, Godard has directed such modern classics as Contempt Starring Brigitte Bardot and others. His latest film, New Wave features Alain Delon. Recently, Godard spoke with Newsweeks Benjamin Iury at at his office in Rolle, Switzerland.

Name Isabel Allende

Age 76

Nationality

Occupation

Czech Film director

11. Leia os segmentos abaixo e selecione todas as palavras que se paream com o Portugus e aquelas que so usadas da mesma forma tanto na Lngua Inglesa como na Lngua Portuguesa. a. Computers are electronic machines that process information. They can perform complex operations in a fraction of time. But, they can't think. b. Computers are divided into two parts: hardware and software. Hardware refers to the actual equipment and software refers to the programs that control and coordinate the activities of the computer. c. The CPU is the part of a computer that executes the arithmetic and logic operations. It controls all the computer activities. d. Memory is the storage area where a computer saves or retrieve data. It is expressed as quantities of K. For example, each K is equal to 1,024 bytes and each byte is equal to 8 bits. e. A mouse is a device that has a ball underneath. It is used to point the cursor at different parts of the screen or at specials symbols called icons. f. There are many different high-level languages. Each one has its advantage or disadvantage. COBOL, BASIC, FORTRAN, ALGOL and PASCAL are examples of high-level languages. g. Data put into a computer is INPUT. The input is processed according to the program that is being used. The results of processing are called OUTPUT. h. Film transparent de qualit suprieure. Faites de votre imprimante couleur HP Deskjet une machine fabriquer ls transparents pour rtroprojecteur. (Hewlett Packard) 12. Leia os segmentos abaixo, utilizando os cognatos e familiares identifique o assunto abordado em cada:

1) One of the most impressive sights in Paris, this construction was built in the second half of the 19th century as an ornament, presumably to show the possibilities of steel, and to allow Parisians to see their own city from above. Now a major tourist attraction for visitors from all over the world and a site for TV and radio transmissions. It is linked in the worlds mind with the image of France and Paris. - ____________________________________________. 2) In computer science, a popular pointing input device, used mostly for playing computer games but used for other tasks as well. It usually has a square or rectangular plastic base to which is attached a vertical stem. Control buttons are located on the base and sometimes on top of the stem. The stem can be moved to control the movement of an object on the screen. - ____________________________________________. 3) A computer peripheral that puts text or image on paper or on another medium, such as a transparency. They can be categorized in any of several ways. The most common distinction is impact x, non impact. Impact physically strike the paper and are exemplified by dot-matrix; non impact include every other type of print mechanism including laser, ink-jet and thermal. - ____________________________________________. 4) Alcoholic drink produced originally in Scotland, Ireland and USA, by fermenting certain cereal grains and then distilling to produce a light-colored liquid containing about 40% alcohol. It is drunk with or without ice, soda or according to taste. - ____________________________________________. 5) A common pointing device. Its basic features are a casing with a flat bottom, designed to be gripped by one hand; one or more buttons on the top; a ball on the bottom; and a cable connecting it to the computer. By moving it on a surface, the user typically controls a cursor. To select items or choose commands on the screen, the user presses one of the buttons, producing a click. - ____________________________________________. FALSE COGNATES EXERCISE A DAY AT WORK In the morning I attended a meeting between management and union representatives. The discussion was very comprehensive, covering topics like working hours, days off, retirement age, etc. Both sides were interested in an agreement and ready to compromise. The secretary recorded everything in the notes. Eventually, they decided to set a new meeting to sign the final draft of the agreement. Back at the office, a colleague of mine asked me if I had realized that the proposed agreement would be partially against the company policy not to accept workers that have already retired. I pretended to be really busy and late for an appointment, and left for the cafeteria. Actually, I didn't want to discuss the matter at that particular moment because there were some strangers in the office. After lunch I attended a lecture given by the mayor, who is an expert in tax legislation and has a graduate degree in political science. He said his government intends to assist welfare programs and senior citizens, raise funds to improve college education and build a public library, and establish tougher limits on vehicle emissions because he assumes this is what the people expect from the government.
Texto e lista extrados do site www.sk.com.br , autor Ricardo Schtz, 1999

Escreva o verdadeiro significado das palavras em destaque no texto acima:

DOUBLE SENSE WORDS EXERCISE 1) Assinale o significado correto das palavras em destaque nas sentenas: 1. I need to cancel your documents. ( ) cancelar ( ) carimbar 2. She is the principal of the school. ( ) diretora ( ) principal 3. His mark was terrible. ( ) marca ( ) nota 4. The operator (a) gave me the wrong number of the plant (b). a- ( ) operador ( ) telefonista b- ( ) planta ( ) fbrica 5. We are lost. We need a compass now. ( ) bssola ( ) compasso 6. He is the most famous bachelor of the party. ( ) bacharel ( ) solteiro 7. Do you know the capital (a) of China (b)? a- ( ) capital ( ) principal b- ( ) porcelana ( ) China 8. Braslia is the capital of Brazil. ( ) capital ( ) maiscula 9. I use capital letter to write my name. ( ) capital ( )maiscula I appreciate Chinese china. ( ) porcelana ( ) China 10. John collects caps. ( ) coleciona ( ) cobro 2) D os respectivos significados das palavras repetidas em cada segmento: 1. a) Mike is not married. He is a bachelor. b) He finished the college last year. Now, he is a bachelor in Biology. 2. We have a directory in order to look for the telephone numbers of the students. This directory is in the directory of the school. 3. The character of this film has a bad character. 4. You have to write the names of the capitals with capital letters.