Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
2006
Qumica do Carbono
Elemento qumico
(carbono)
C
Com suas 4 valncias (-4)
Qumica do Carbono
Outro elemento qumico
(hidrognio)
H
Com sua valncia (+1)
Qumica do Carbono
H
1 Carbono ligado a 4 Hidrognios (H)
C
H
Forma o METANO
Qumica do Carbono
Vrios Carbonos juntos
C
H
Qumica do Carbono
Vrios Carbonos juntos
Dois Carbonos
H H H H C HH HH C H C C H H H H
ETANO
Qumica do Carbono
Vrios Carbonos juntos
Trs Carbonos
H H H H H C H H C HH C C HH C H H H H H H H Propano
Qumica do Carbono
Quando o metano oxida-se (O)
C
H
HO
Forma-se um lcool
METANOL
Qumica do Carbono
Quando o etano oxida-se (O)
C H H C HO
H H
Forma-se outro lcool
ETANOL
Qumica do Carbono
C HO H C HO H C HO
H H
Forma-se o PROPANOTRIOL ou
GLICERINA
Qumica do Carbono
A oxidao de um lcool produz um cido
H H
C
H
HO
Qumica do Carbono
A oxidao de um lcool produz um cido
H HO H
HO
Qumica do Carbono
A oxidao de um lcool produz um cido
H
H H
C H C HO
H
Qumica do Carbono
A oxidao de um lcool produz um cido
H
H HH
C H C
HO
Qumica do Carbono
A oxidao de um lcool produz um cido
H
H
C H C
HH O HO
Forma-se o cido etanico (cido actico)
Qumica do Carbono
As cadeias de carbono podem ser muito compridas Podem ter 4,5,..., 10 ou mais CARBONOS Os cidos orgnicos que formam os leos tem 16 - 18 CARBONOS
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
H C H
H C H
H C H
H C H
H C H C
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C OH
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H
Base
C H
C
H
C H
Glicerina (glicerol)
(3 Carbonos)
H H H C C H
H H C H C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H H e O se recombinam, formando 1 molcula do ster e 3 molculas de gua (H2O)
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C OH
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
Base
C H
Glicerina (glicerol)
(3 Carbonos)
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H H e O se recombinam, formando 1 molcula do ster e 3 molculas de gua (H2O)
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C O H
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
Base
C H
Glicerina (glicerol)
(3 Carbonos)
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H H e O se recombinam, formando 1 molcula do ster e 3 molculas de gua (H2O)
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
Base
C H
Glicerina (glicerol)
(3 Carbonos)
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H H e O se recombinam, formando 1 molcula do ster e 3 molculas de gua (H2O)
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
Glicerina
C H
(glicerol)
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H H e O se recombinam, formando 1 molcula do ster e 3 molculas de gua (H2O)
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
Glicerina
C H
(glicerol)
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (3 cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C OH C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Monoglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C OH C C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Diglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O O C O O C O O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O O C O O C O O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Qumica do Carbono
cidos e bases formam sais
Sais so chamadas de ster:
cidos Graxos (cadeias de 18 C)
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Glicerol
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
Triglicerdio
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
Estes triglicerdios vegetais e cidos e bases (leos formam sais gorduras animais) so a matria prima para a Sais so chamadas de ster: produo de BIODIESEL
H H H C H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H H C H C H C H C H H C H C H
Qumica do Carbono
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H
H
C H H C H H C H C O C O C O
H
C H
H H H C H C H
H H C H C H
C H
ster Triglicerdio +
H H H C H C H
H
C
H C
H H C C H
C H H
BIODIESEL
O processo de produo de biodiesel chamado de:
Processo de trans-esterificao
Triglicerdio
(1 molcula)
+(3 molculas)
+ (3 molculas)
Metilster
Processo de trans-esterificao
+(3 molculas)
CH3OH
Metanol
catalisador (1 molcula)
CH3 O CO C17 H33 CH3Metilster O CO C17 H33 CH3 O CO C17 H33 Metilster
(3 molculas) (3 molculas)
Glicerina
(1 molcula)
(3 molculas)