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HIdraulica 2 PDF
HIdraulica 2 PDF
PARTE I II
APRESENTAES DE APOIO S AULAS TERICAS
A. Betmio de Almeida
(Steep)
(R. LENTO)
(Mild)
CURVAS DE REGOLFO
H=ENERGIA ESPECFICA
CAUDAL CONSTANTE
REGIME LENTO
REGIME RPIDO
REGIME CRTICO
RESSALTO
SINGULARIDADES
Exemplo
INTEGRAO NUMRICA
. H(x)
h(x)
CURVA DE REGOLFO
RESSALTO HIDRULICO
Fr>1
(>2.5)
Ressalto Ordinrio
Fr<1
Fr<2
M = Shg +
' Q2
g
M1 = M 2
PERDA DE CARGA
LOCALIZADA
Hydraulic Jumps
In open channel flow the fluid depth can
change very rapidly over a short distance.
This discontinuity is known as a hydraulic
jump.
COMPRIMENTO DO RESSALTO
Hydraulic Jumps
Hydraulic Jumps
Pressure at
1
base*depth*width
(gy1)y1b
2
1
F2 = (gy2)y2b
2
F1 F2 = Q(V2 V1) = V1 y1b(V2 V1)
F1 =
Momentum flux
with bulk fluid flow
Hydraulic Jumps
Hydraulic Jumps
Conservation of mass requires:
y1bV1 = y2bV2 = Q
The momentum equation can be written
as:
2
1
2
2
y y V1 y1
=
(V2 V1)
2 2
g
=
V1 = 1 1 (y1 y2)
2 2
g y2
gy2
2
y y
2 + 2 2Fr12 = 0
y1 y1
(cancel y1 y2,
then multiply by y2 / y12)
where Fr1 =
V1
gy1
10
Hydraulic Jumps
Solving this quadratic shows that:
y2 1
= (1 + 1 + 8Fr12 )
y1 2
A statement of conservation of energy can
allow for an energy loss term due to
turbulence:
y1 +
V12
V2
= y2 + 2 + hL
2g
2g
11
Pequena
perturbao
12
13
14
CANAL COLECTOR
15
CANAL
COLECTOR
Q1<Q2
Q(x)
h(x) ?
IMPULSO TOTAL
CONSTANTE
16
CANAL DESCARREGADOR
17
Q1>Q2
Q(x)
h(x) ?
18
CANAL DESCARREGADOR
VARIAO DO CAUDAL
TERMO NOVO
DESCARREGADOR LATERAL
19
Quando diferente de
zero
PARA:
20
21
22
SOBREELEVAO DO FUNDO
ESTREITAMENTOS
23
EXEMPLOS
i>ic
i<ic
24
25