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Apostila Limites e Derivadas
Apostila Limites e Derivadas
1. Calcule os limites:
3
a) lim ( x 1)
( x 4 5)
b) lim
x 0
x 2
x 6
c) lim 2
x4 x 1
2
d)
x 3
x 0
(1 4 x )
e) lim
x 3
lim
x 3
_____________________________________
2. Determine:
2
3
7
a) lim
x 4
b) xlim
1
(5 x 3 x)
c) lim
x 2
2
4x
d) xlim
4
1
x
2
( x 4 x 3 x 2 1)
f) lim
x 0
_____________________________________
3. Calcule:
2
a) lim 6 x
b) lim( x 1)( 4 x)
x 3
x1
x 3
4x
x 1
c)
2
6
f ( x) 4
2 x f ( x ) 6
d) lim
x 3
c) lim
x f ( x ) 6
b) lim
x 3
lim
lim(4 x 3 x 2 x 1)
(3 x 2 x 1)
e) lim
x 3
f ( x) x 8
a) lim
x 3
d) lim
x 5
x 1
2
_____________________________________
4. Ache o valor de:
4
81x 4
a) lim
x1
3
x2
b) lim
x 4
x 2 4x 9
c) lim
x 0
d) lim
x 1
2x 4 3
x3 1
e)
3x
9
f ( x) 2
_____________________________________
5 x 3 6 x 2 3x
7. Dada a funo f ( x ) 3
,
x x 2 3x
calcule:
lim f ( x)
f ( x)
a) lim
x1
b)
f ( x)
c) xlim
1
f ( x)
d) lim
x 2
1
2
f ( x)
e) xlim
2
_____________________________________
8. Dada a funo f ( x)
contnua nos pontos:
a) x = 0
1 x
diga se f(x)
x 1
b) x = 1
c) x = 2
_____________________________________
9. Seja m
R e f: R R a funo definida
x 3,
se
x3
2x m ,
se
x3
por: f ( x )
_____________________________________
5. Calcule os limites:
a) lim 3 x 3 x
log 3 9 x log 2 16 x
b) lim
x 1
x 1
_____________________________________
f ( x ) , em cada caso:
6. Calcule lim
x3
x5
, diga
x 3 x 10
se f(x) contnua nos pontos:
2
a) x = 5
b) x = 2
_____________________________________
11. Seja
R e seja f: R R a funo
2x 4 , se x 3
definida por f ( x)
2 , se x 3
2 x 2 , se x 1
f ( x) 2 x, se 1 x 3
4, se x 3
x 4
x 6, se 4 x 0
f ( x) ax b, se 0 x 4
2x 10, se 4 x 8
b) x = 3
_____________________________________
x 2, se x 3
13. Mostre se a funo f ( x)
7, se x 3
contnua ou descontnua em x = 3.
_____________________________________
14. Considere a funo, definida em R por:
2(x 2), se x 1
f ( x)
kx, se x 1
2 x 2
, se x 2
f ( x) x 2
2m, se x 2
18. Determine:
x
sen
a) xlim
3
4
x
b) lim3 cos
x
2
2
_____________________________________
19. Ache o valor de:
a)
lim sen 2 x
b)
3
4
lim tg x
3
4
_____________________________________
20. Calcule:
log 3 2 x 2 5
a) lim
x4
sen 2 x
b) lim
x
c) lim tg x 4
x
2
_____________________________________
21. Calcule:
3
a) lim
x 0 x
b) lim
x 0
3
x
5
e) xlim
0
x
f) xlim
0
c) xlim
d) xlim
3
x
g) xlim
3
x
h) xlim
x
5
_____________________________________
22. Calcule lim
x4
x 1
x 5x 4
2
_____________________________________
23. Determine:
11
11
a) lim 2
c) xlim
x 2
x 0 x
2
2
4
4
b) xlim
d) xlim
0
x
x
24. Calcule xlim
4
x 2
x 4 2
_____________________________________
25. Determine:
a) lim 2 x
x
5x
c) xlim
2x
b) xlim
5x
d) xlim
_____________________________________
2 4x x 2
x 3 5 x 2 x 3
_____________________________________
6 x 2 5x
30. Calcular lim
x 2 x 2 5
_____________________________________
31. Determine:
8x 1
a) xlim
b)
4 x 5
3x 2
lim
x x 2 5 x 6
_____________________________________
4 x 1
c) xlim
2 x 7
b) xlim
4 x 1
d) xlim
6n 1
2n 3
27. Calcule:
6
3
a) lim 3 x 2 x x 4
x3 2x 2
b) xlim
4 x 7 2 x 2 3x
c) xlim
_____________________________________
n 2 3n 1
x
4n 2 1
_____________________________________
1 2 3 n
34. Calcule nlim
n2
_____________________________________
35. Calcule:
7x 2
1 4x3
a) lim
c)
lim
x 4 x 3 x 2
x 1 2 x 2
6x 3
x5 x3
d)
lim
x 4 x 4
x x 2 1
_____________________________________
36. Calcule:
a) lim x 1 x
x
_____________________________________
4x 2 6x 3
x2 5
b) lim
26. Calcule:
a) lim 2 x 7
x
_____________________________________
b) xlim
x2 x 1 x
x2 x 1 x2 x 1
c) xlim
x 2 4x 3 x
d) xlim
x 2 4 x 5 x 2 3x 4
e) xlim
x 2 5x 7 x
f) xlim
_____________________________________
x 5
x 2 25
x5
x 2 5x
x 5
x5
c) lim
_____________________________________
47. Calcule:
a) lim 3 x 6
b)
x3
lim 2a 1
x 1
b) lim
x 0
x2 x
4x
d) lim
x 9
x 2 81
x9
_____________________________________
38. Calcular o valor de lim
x 0
x2 x
x
_____________________________________
39. Determine:
a) lim
x 2
x 2 5 x 14
x2
x 2
x3 8
x2
x 2
x2
x2 2
b) lim
x 4
x 2
x4
x9
x 3
x 9x
2
_____________________________________
43. Calcular o valor da expresso
x 2
x2
1
, calcule:
2
f ( x)
b) xlim
c) lim
7
x 9
d) lim
5
x 36
x 3
4
x2
x6
_____________________________________
4x5 2x 4 x3 2x 2 1
52. Calcule lim
x
2 x 2 3x 5
_____________________________________
4x5 2x3 1
53. Ache o valor de lim
x 2 x 5 3x 2
_____________________________________
54. Calcule:
x4 x3
n3 8
lim
a) lim 3
c)
n 2 n 2
x 1 x x 2
b) lim
a 1
a3 1
a 1
d) lim
x a
x4 a4
xa
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
44. Determine o valor de lim
x 4
1 2x 3
x 2
3
2x 6
_____________________________________
50. Dada a funo
b) lim
x 2
51. Calcule:
4x
a) lim
x 2 x 2
_____________________________________
lim
_____________________________________
f ( x)
a) xlim
_____________________________________
x 2 3x 2
40. Calcule lim 2
x 2 2 x 5 x 2
_____________________________________
41. Multiplique o numerador e o denominador
pelo conjugado de um deles para
determinar:
a) lim
x 2
x 2 3x 1
48. Determine: lim
x 1
f ( x) x 4 2 x 3 x 2 3x
x 2 10 x 25
b) lim
x5
x5
x2 1
3x 2 x
c) lim
d) lim
x 1 x 1
x0
x
e) lim
_____________________________________
4x 1 3
xk
para:
x3 k 3
a) k = 0
b) k 0
_____________________________________
56. Calcular:
a) lim
x 2
3x 2 2
_____________________________________
12
2
2
b) lim
x 1
x 2 3x 2
x2 4
x 2 3x 2
x 2 3x 3 x 2 3x 3
x 1
c) lim
x 1 3
64. Calcule:
2x 6 2
_____________________________________
x5
1
2
_____________________________________
58. Sejam f ( x) x 2 x, x R e a R,
a 0. Determine:
f ( x a) f ( x)
a) Q( x)
a
a)
lim 2 sen x
x
x 2 16
, se x 4
f ( x) x 4
m, se x 4
a)
c) xlim
1
d) xlim
f) xlim
1
b) xlim
1 2
_____________________________________
63. Calcular os limites:
a) lim
x 0
log( x 1) log x
68. Calcule xlim
_____________________________________
69. Calcule:
a) lim
x0
sen 3 x
2x
c) lim
x0
sen 2 x
sen 3 x
b) lim
x0
sen 3 x
x
d) lim
x 0
sen x
5x
_____________________________________
sen x
70. Determinar lim
x0
x
_____________________________________
tg x x
x
_____________________________________
x
_____________________________________
62. Calcule:
2x
a) lim
x 2
log 1 x
b) xlim
0
2
e) xlim
lim log 1 x
_____________________________________
2x
b) xlim
ln 2 x
b) xlim
0
2
a) xlim
2 x 3 x 1
_____________________________________
b) lim 3
x 1
66. Calcular:
a) lim ln x
Q( x)
b) lim
x 0
4 x5 2 x3 2 x
2 4 x 1
b) lim
x 1
_____________________________________
1 cos 2 x
1 cos x
1 tg x
b) lim cos x sen x
x
4
_____________________________________
tg 5 x
x
_____________________________________
76. Calcule:
1 tg x
b) lim cos 2 x
x
sen 5 x
a) lim
x 0 sen 6 x
_____________________________________
sen x
lim
1 , calcule
x0
x
lim
x
4
cos x sen x
cos 2 x
78. Aplicando o
fundamental, calcule:
1
a) xlim
1
x
b)
limite
6x
c)
1
lim 1
x
x
1
x
2
exponencial
1
lim 1
x
x
d) xlim
1
4
x
3
2x
_____________________________________
x 8
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
m
81. Calcule xlim
1
1
82. Determine xlim
1
x 3
_____________________________________
x2
_____________________________________
1
84. Se a xlim
1
2x
, calcule ln a.
_____________________________________
1
1
Sugesto: 2 x 1 y
x1
b) lim
x 2 25
x5
c) lim
x4 x3 x2 1
x2 1
x 5
x 0
2 x 2 12 x 16
.
2. Ache o valor de lim
2
x 2
3 x 3 x 18
_____________________________________
3. Seja um nmero real e seja f: R R a
funo tal que:
2x 1, se x 2
f ( x)
x 3 , se x 2
f ( x)
Calcule para que exista lim
x 2
_____________________________________
4. Sabendo-se que lim
x 2
x 3m 4
, x m,
xm
3
_____________________________________
1. Calcule:
4
3
2
a) lim 2 x 2 x 5 x x 3
2x 1
2x
_____________________________________
RECORDANDO
x 3m 4
xm
3
_____________________________________
x 3, se x 1
5. Seja f definida por f ( x)
2, se x 1
f ( x) :
o valor de lim
x 1
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
_____________________________________
6. Determine:
3
a) lim 4 x x 1
1
2
4
2
2x x
b) xlim
x2 5
c) lim 3
x x 4 x 2 1
x7 2x3
x 5 x 7 4
_____________________________________
d) lim
1
2
7. Calcule lim
x ( x 2) 3 ( x 2) 3
_____________________________________
x2 x
b) lim
x 2 x 3 x :
2
a) zero b) +
c) d) 2
e) 1
_____________________________________
11. Determine:
a) lim
x 3
x 2 4x 3
x3
a 2a 5a 10
6a 12
3
b) lim
a 2
x4 a4
x a
x a x 2 a 2
_____________________________________
12.Calcule:
x 5 3x 2 2 x
x 2 3x
a) lim
b) lim
x 0
x 0
x
2x
c) lim
x2 a2
xa
x 7
2 x3
x 2 49
b) xlim
3
n 4 6n 2 9
n 3
_____________________________________
17. Determine:
x2 1
1 x x2 1
x
b) lim
3 10 x
x 0
m, se x 1
a) lim
4 x
x2
_____________________________________
x3
x3
16. Calcule:
a) lim
x 1
_____________________________________
d) lim
x4 1
d) lim
x1 1 x 2
_____________________________________
13. Dada a funo f: R R, definida por
f ( x k ) f ( x)
f ( x) x 2 1 , calcule lim
k 0
k
_____________________________________
x 2 x 12
c) lim
x 3
x3
1
x7
2
14. Calcule lim
x 2 x 2
x x 6
_____________________________________
22x 4 2 x 3
15. Determine lim
x 0
2x 1
f ( x) x 2 3x 2
, se x 1
x 1
lim
1.
x 0
x 0
x2
x2
1 cos x
que lim
:
x 0
x2
a)
1
2
Conclui-se
b) 0
c)
infinito
d) indeterminado
e) no existe
_____________________________________
tg a 2 1
a 1
a2 1
_____________________________________
21. Calcule lim
22. Calcule:
a) xlim
1
b) lim 1 x x
x 0
_____________________________________
2
Sugesto: 3 x y
_____________________________________
24. Calcular
4x 1
lim
x
4x 1
4x 1
x
3
Sugesto: 4 x 1 1 y
_____________________________________
5 1
25. Determine nlim
DERIVADAS
1. Aplicando a definio, calcule a derivada
da funo f(x) = x2 + x no ponto de abscissa:
a) x = 3
b) x = 2
_____________________________________
2. Dada a funo f(x) = x2 5x + 6. Calcule:
a) f (1)
b) f ( 4)
_____________________________________
3. Dada a funo f(x) = 2 x3, calcule f( 2)
_____________________________________
4. Dada a funo f ( x) 3 x , determine, se
existir, a derivada da funo no ponto de
abscissa:
a) x = 1
b) x = 0
_____________________________________
5. Dada a funo f ( x)
2 x
, determine a
3 x
1
x4
b) f ( x) 5 1
g) f ( x)
c) f(x) = x6
h) f ( x) 4 x
d) f(x) = x-5
i) f(x) = 7x2
1
e) f ( x) x 2
j) f(x) = 4x
10. Ache a derivada das seguintes funes:
a) y
3 10
x
5
b) y
c)
y2
1 4
x
2
d) y 510 x
_____________________________________
11. Dada a funo f ( x) 3 x 2 , calcule a
derivada de f(x) no ponto x = 8.
_____________________________________
12. Ache a derivada f(x) das seguintes
funes:
a) f ( x) 4 sen x
c) f ( x ) 3 cos x
1
3
b) f ( x ) 5 cos x d) f ( x) cos x
_____________________________________
13. Dada a funo f ( x) 4 x . Calcular a
derivada da funo para:
a) x = 1
c) x = 3
b) x = 4
d) x = 6
_____________________________________
14. Ache a derivada f(x) das seguintes
funes:
a) f ( x) 3 x 2 7 x 4
b) f ( x) 10 x 4 5 x 3 2 x 2
c) f (t ) 10 3t 2 4t 4
d) f ( s) s 3 2s 2 s 1
e) f ( x) 7 x 3 2 x 2 x 1
1
2
2
3
1
2
4
3
2
f) f ( x) x x x
1
4
_____________________________________
15. Considere as funes definidas em R por
g(x)= 4x + 1 e h(x) = 2x 3.
a) Calcule f(x), sabendo que f(x) = g[h(x)]
b) Calcule f(2)
_____________________________________
c) x
1
2
b) x = 1
d) x = 2
_____________________________________
24. Determine a derivada f(x) das seguintes
funes:
4x 5
a) f ( x)
3x 2
2x 5
b) f ( x)
4x
_____________________________________
25. Calcule a derivada das funes para x = 2
nos seguintes casos:
x
x2 x 1
a) f ( x)
b) f ( x)
2x 3
4 x x2
_____________________________________
26. Considere a funo definida em R por
2x
f ( x) 2
x 1
a) Determine as razes de f(x)
b) Calcule f(1) e f( 1)
c) Resolva a inequao f(x) < 0
27.
Dada
funo
f ( x)
1 sen x
1 sen x
determine f(x).
_____________________________________
28. Aplicando a derivada do quociente,
demonstre que:
a) Se f(x) = cotg x, ento f(x) = cosec2 x
b) Se f(x) = sec x, ento f(x) = tg x . sec x
c) Se f(x) = cosec x, ento f(x) = cotg x .
cosec x
_____________________________________
29. Dado g ( x)
1 x
1
, calcular g '
1 x
3
_____________________________________
30. Quais os valores de x que anulam a
derivada f(x) da funo f ( x)
x2
x 1
_____________________________________
31. Calcule a derivada das funes:
a) f(x) = cos 6x
b) f(x) = sen (3x + 1)
c) f(x) = sen 3x cos 2x
d) f(x) = sen 2x + sen 4x
_____________________________________
32. Dada a funo f ( x) sen x 2 1 , calcule
f(x)
_____________________________________
33. Calcule a derivada das funes:
a) f(x) = sen2 x
b) f(x) = sen2 (1 x2)
_____________________________________
34. Determinar a derivada das funes:
a) f(x) = (x2 1)3
b) f(x) = (x3 2x)2
c) f(x) = (x4 3x2 + 1)2
_____________________________________
35. Considere a funo definida em R {2}
x 1
x2
por f ( x)
. Calcule:
a) f(x)
b) f(3)
_____________________________________
36. Ache a derivada das funes:
a) f ( x) 1 x 2
b) f (t ) 3 4t 1
_____________________________________
x 1
,determinar:
x 1
a) f(x)
b) f(3)
38. Calcular a derivada da funo
f ( x) 5 x 2 7 x 2 para x = 2.
_____________________________________
39. Sabendo que
f ( x)
3x
1
4
2x 3
determinar f(1).
_____________________________________
40. Determinar a derivada f(x) das funes:
a) f ( x) sen 4 x
sen 2 x
b) f ( x) cos x
_____________________________________
41. Calcule a derivada da funo
f ( x ) x 2 x 2 x 1 para x = 2.
_____________________________________
42. Determine a derivada das funes:
a) f ( x) 3 x
d) f ( x) 5 2 x
1
b) f ( x)
e) f ( x) 10 x
c) f ( x) 33 x 1
f) f ( x) 10 e x
_____________________________________
, calcule f(2).
_____________________________________
44. Dada a funo
f ( x) e 3 x 4 x 2 ,
determinar f(1).
_____________________________________
45. Dado f ( x) x 2 e x , calcule f(1).
_____________________________________
46. Sabendo que f ( x) e sen x , determine
f(x)
_____________________________________
47. Calcule a derivada f(x) das seguintes
funes:
a) f ( x) ln x 2
c) f ( x ) log x 2
2
b) f ( x)
1
ln x
2
d) f ( x) ln x
_____________________________________
48. Se f(x) = ln (x2 4x + ). Calcule f(x).
_____________________________________
f ( x) log10 x 2 1 log10 x 2 1 ,
49. Se
determine f(x).
_____________________________________
50.
Determine
sabendo
que
ln x
.
x
f ( x)
51.
f(x),
Determine
f(x)
sabendo
que
f ( x) log 2 x 1 .
_____________________________________
52. Calcule o valor da derivada de:
a) f ( x) log 2 x 2 2 x 1 para x = 2
b) f ( x) ln x 2 6 x 8 para x = 1
c) f ( x) log 4 x 2 8 x 1 para x = 0
5
d) f ( x) log 3 x 2 2 para x = 1
_____________________________________
2
53. Dada a funo f ( x) log x 2 4 x 4 .
Calcule:
a) f(4)
b) f(6)
c) f(10)
_____________________________________
54. Ache as quatro primeiras derivadas da
funo f(x) = x5 x4 + x3 x2 + x 1.
_____________________________________
55. Se f(x) = sen x + cos x, determine f(4)(x).
_____________________________________
56. Determine a derivada segunda de
f(x) = 4x3 5x2 + 2x 1 no ponto x = 0.
_____________________________________
57. Calcule a derivada terceira da funo
2
f ( x)
1
para x = 2.
x
_____________________________________
58. Seja a funo f(x) = 4x3 + 2x2 5x + 2,
calcule f(0) + f(0) + f(0).
_____________________________________
59. Obtenha as leis das duas primeiras
funes derivadas de f ( x )
x3
.
x4
_____________________________________
60. Dada a funo f(x) = sen x cos x.
Calcule:
a) f
b) f
c) f
3
_____________________________________
61. Calcule o coeficiente angular da tangente
ao grfico das funes a seguir nos pontos de
abscissa tambm indicados:
a) y
4x 1
para x = 1
2x
b) f ( x) x 2 7 x 12 para x = 4
c) f ( x) 3 x 2 para x = 8
1,
?
da funo y
2 no ponto
2
1 x
_____________________________________
65. Considere a funo f: R R definida por
f(x) = x3 3x2 + x + 2. Calcule as
coordenadas dos pontos do grfico dessa
funo nos quais a reta tangente tem
coeficiente angular igual a 1.
_____________________________________
66. Determine a equao da reta tangente ao
grfico da funo f(x) = x2 4 e que seja
paralela reta de equao y = 2x 1.
_____________________________________
67. Determinar um ponto sobre a curva
f(x) = x3 1 de tal modo que a reta tangente
curva nesse ponto seria paralela reta
y = 12x + 1.
_____________________________________
68. Determine a equao da reta tangente ao
grfico de f(x) = 3 cos x no ponto em que
x .
2
_____________________________________
69. Determinar a equao da reta tangente
curva y = 2x2 1, no ponto de abscissa x = 1.
_____________________________________
70. Em que ponto da curva f(x) = x2 3x 4 a
reta tangente paralela ao eixo Ox?
_____________________________________
71. Determine a equao da reta tangente ao
grfico de f(x) = x2 4x + 1, que
perpendicular reta 2y + x 5 = 0.
_____________________________________
72. Determinar a equao da reta tangente
curva f ( x) 2 x 4 no ponto de abscissa
x = 10.
_____________________________________
Aplicando a regra de LHospital, resolva:
73. lim
x 9
x 3
x 9x
2
74. lim
x1
x 1
2x 6 2
_____________________________________
22x 4 2 x 3
75. lim
x 0
2x 1
_____________________________________
76. lim
x 0
sen 8 x
3x
_____________________________________
1 cos x
77. lim
x 0
x2
_____________________________________
78. Determine os intervalos de crescimento e
decrescimento das funes:
a) f ( x) x 4
b) f ( x) x 2 6 x 7
x3
2 x 2 3x 2
3
d) f ( x) x 3 9 x 2 15 x 6
e) f ( x) x 4 2 x 2
c) f ( x)
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1
3
kx 2
x3,
2
f ( x)
x3
4 x 12 ,
3
determine:
a) o ponto em que o grfico corta o eixo y
b) os pontos em que a reta tangente ao grfico
de f(x) paralela ao eixo x
c) um esboo do grfico de f(x)
d) o conjunto em que f(x) crescente
e) o conjunto em que f(x) decrescente
f) um esboo do grfico de f(x)
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81. Considerando a concavidade da parbola,
classifique os pontos cujas abscissas so os
pontos crticos das funes quadrticas:
a) f(x) = x2 x + 1
b) f(x) = x x2
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82. Determine os pontos cujas abscissas so
pontos crticos da funo
f(x) = x4 4x3 + 4x2 + 2
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83. Calcule os pontos x0 , f ( x 0 ) , sendo que
x 0 o ponto crtico das funes:
a) f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 + 1
b) f(x) = x3 3x
c) f(x) = (x2 1)2 + 3