5.laplace Casos Especiais.1234.Sol

4.
Translation Theorems
45. For y 4y = 6e3t 3et the transfer function is W (s) = 1/(s2 4s). The zero-input response is

s5
5 1 1
1
5 1
y0 (t) =
=
= e4t ,
s2 4s
4 s 4 s4
4 4
and the zero-state response is
y1 (t) =

=
=
6
3
(s 3)(s2 4s) (s + 1)(s2 4s)
27
1
2
5 1 3
1
+
20 s 4 s 3 4 s 5 s + 1
27 4t
5 3
e 2e3t + et .
20
4 5
46. From Theorem 4.4, if f and f are continuous and of exponential order,
{f (t)} = sF (s) f (0). From
{f (t)} = 0 so
Theorem 4.5, lims
lim [sF (s) f (0)] = 0
and
For f (t) = cos kt,

lim sF (s) = lim s
lim F (s) = f (0).
s
= 1 = f (0).
s2 + k 2
EXERCISES 4.3
1.
3.
5.
6.
7.
9.

te10t =

t3 e2t =
11.
2.
3!
(s + 2)4

2
t et + e2t
=

e2t (t 1)2 =

et sin 3t =
4.

te2t + 2te3t + te4t =

t2 e2t 2te2t + e2t =
3
(s 1)2 + 9
{(1 et + 3e4t ) cos 5t} =

10.
1
(s 10)2

te6t =

t10 e7t =
1
(s + 6)2
10!
(s + 7)11
1
2
1
+
+
2
2
(s 2)
(s 3)
(s 4)2
2
2
1
+
(s 2)3
(s 2)2
s2
8.

e2t cos 4t =
{cos 5t et cos 5t + 3e4t cos 5t} =
s+2
(s + 2)2 + 16
s1
3(s + 4)
s
+
s2 + 25 (s 1)2 + 25 (s + 4)2 + 25

4
t
5
t
9
e3t 9 4t + 10 sin
+
=
9e3t 4te3t + 10e3t sin
=
2
2
s 3 (s 3)2
(s 3)2 + 1/4

1
1
2
1
=
= t2 e2t
(s + 2)3
2 (s + 2)3
2
207
4.3 Translation Theorems

12.
1
(s 1)4

=
1
6
3!
(s 1)4

=
1 3 t
t e
6
1
1
= e3t sin t
=
s2 6s + 10
(s 3)2 + 12

1
2
1
1
= et sin 2t
=
2
2
2
s + 2s + 5
2 (s + 1) + 2
2

s
s+2
1
2
= e2t cos t 2e2t sin t
=
s2 + 4s + 5
(s + 2)2 + 12
(s + 2)2 + 12

2s + 5
5
1
1
(s + 3)
= 2e3t cos 5t e3t sin 5t
=
2
s2 + 6s + 34
(s + 3)2 + 52
5 (s + 3)2 + 52
5

s+11
1
s
1
=
=
= et tet
(s + 1)2
(s + 1)2
s + 1 (s + 1)2

5s
5(s 2) + 10
5
10
+
=
=
= 5e2t + 10te2t
(s 2)2
(s 2)2
s 2 (s 2)2

2s 1
5
1
4
2
5
3
3
=
= 5 t 5et 4tet t2 et
s2 (s + 1)3
s s2
s + 1 (s + 1)2
2 (s + 1)3
2

(s + 1)2
1
3!
2
1
1
+
=
= te2t t2 e2t + t3 e2t
4
2
3
4
(s + 2)
(s + 2)
(s + 2)
6 (s + 2)
6
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

s
Solving for
{y} y(0) + 4
{y} =
1
.
s+4
{y} we obtain
{y} =
1
2
.
+
2
(s + 4)
s+4
Thus
y = te4t + 2e4t .
s
Solving for
{y}
{y} =
{y} we obtain
{y} =
1
1
1
1
1
= +
.
+
+
3
s(s 1) (s 1)
s s 1 (s 1)3
Thus
1
y = 1 + et + t2 et .
2

s2
Solving for
1
1
+
.
s (s 1)2

{y} sy(0) y (0) + 2 s

{y} y(0) +
{y} we obtain
{y} =
2
1
s+3
+
=
.
(s + 1)2
s + 1 (s + 1)2
Thus
y = et + 2tet .
208
{y} = 0.
4.3

s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) 4 [s
{y} y(0)] + 4
{y} =
6
.
(s 2)4
1
5!
1 5 2t
t e .
. Thus, y =
20 (s 2)6
20
Solving for
{y} we obtain
s2
Solving for
{y} =
{y} sy(0) y (0) 6 [s
{y} y(0)] + 9
{y} =
1
.
s2
{y} we obtain
{y} =
1
10
1
1 + s2
2 1 1 1
2
+
+
=
.
3)2
27 s 9 s2
27 s 3
9 (s 3)2
s2 (s
Thus
y=
2
1
2
10
+ t e3t + te3t .
27 9
27
9

s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) 4 [s
{y} y(0)] + 4
{y} =
6
.
s4
{y} we obtain
{y} =
s5 4s4 + 6
13
1
3 1 9 1
3 2
1 3!
1 1
+
=
+
+
+
.
4
2
2
3
4
s (s 2)
4 s 8 s
4 s
4 s
4 s2
8 (s 2)2
Thus
y=
3 9
3
1
1
13
+ t + t2 + t3 + e2t te2t .
4 8
4
4
4
8

s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) 6 [s
{y} = 0.
{y} we obtain
{y} =
Thus
3
2
3
=
.
s2 6s + 13
2 (s 3)2 + 22
3
y = e3t sin 2t.
2

2 s2 {y} sy(0) + 20 s
Solving for
{y} y(0)] + 13

{y} y(0) + 51
{y} = 0.
{y} we obtain
{y} =
2s + 20
2(s + 5)
10
4s + 40
=
=
+
.
2s2 + 20s + 51
(s + 5)2 + 1/2
(s + 5)2 + 1/2 (s + 5)2 + 1/2
Thus
y = 2e5t cos(t/ 2 ) + 10 2 e5t sin(t/ 2 ).

s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) [s
{y} y(0)] =
209
s1
.
(s 1)2 + 1

Solving for
{y} we obtain
{y} =
1 1 1
s1
1
1
1
=
+
.
s(s2 2s + 2)
2 s 2 (s 1)2 + 1 2 (s 1)2 + 1
Thus
1 1 t
1
e cos t + et sin t.
2 2
2
y=

s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) 2 [s
{y} y(0)] + 5
{y} =
1
1
+ 2.
s s
{y} we obtain
{y} =
=
4s2 + s + 1
7 1 1 1
7s/25 + 109/25
=
+
+
2
2
2
s (s 2s + 5)
25 s 5 s
s2 2s + 5
7 1 1 1
s1
2
7
51
+
+
.
25 s 5 s2
25 (s 1)2 + 22
25 (s 1)2 + 22
Thus
y=
1
7
7
51
+ t et cos 2t + et sin 2t.
25 5
25
25
31. Taking the Laplace transform of both sides of the dierential equation and letting c = y(0) we obtain
{y } +
s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) + 2s

2
{2y } +
{y} = 0
{y} 2y(0) +
{y} = 0
{y} cs 2 + 2s
{y} 2c +

s2 + 2s + 1
{y} = 0
{y} = cs + 2c + 2
cs
2c + 2
{y} =
+
(s + 1)2
(s + 1)2
=c
=
Therefore,

y(t) = c
1
s+1

+ (c + 2)
1
(s + 1)2
s+11
2c + 2
+
(s + 1)2
(s + 1)2
c+2
c
+
.
s + 1 (s + 1)2
= cet + (c + 2)tet .
To nd c we let y(1) = 2. Then 2 = ce1 + (c + 2)e1 = 2(c + 1)e1 and c = e 1. Thus

y(t) = (e 1)et + (e + 1)tet .
32. Taking the Laplace transform of both sides of the dierential equation and letting c = y (0) we obtain
{y } +
s2
{8y } +
{20y} = 0
{y} y (0) + 8s
{y} + 20
{y} = 0
{y} + 20
{y} = 0
(s2 + 8s + 20)
{y} = c
{y} c + 8s
{y} =
210
c
c
=
.
s2 + 8s + 20
(s + 4)2 + 4
4.3
Therefore,

y(t) =
c
(s + 4)2 + 4

=
c 4t
e
sin 2t = c1 e4t sin 2t.
2
To nd c we let y () = 0. Then 0 = y () = ce4 and c = 0. Thus, y(t) = 0. (Since the dierential equation
is homogeneous and both boundary conditions are 0, we can see immediately that y(t) = 0 is a solution. We
have shown that it is the only solution.)
33. Recall from Section 3.8 that mx = kx x . Now m = W/g = 4/32 =
1
8
slug, and 4 = 2k so that k = 2 lb/ft.
Thus, the dierential equation is x + 7x + 16x = 0. The initial conditions are x(0) = 3/2 and x (0) = 0.
The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is
s2
Solving for
3
{x} + s + 7s
2
{x} +
21
+ 16
2
{x} = 0.
{x} we obtain
3s/2 21/2
3
s + 7/2
15/2
7 15
{x} = 2
=
.
s + 7s + 16
2 (s + 7/2)2 + ( 15/2)2
10 (s + 7/2)2 + ( 15/2)2
Thus
3 7t/2
7 15 7t/2
15
15
t
e
t.
cos
sin
x= e
2
2
10
2
34. The dierential equation is
d2 q
dq
+ 20 + 200q = 150,
dt2
dt
The Laplace transform of this equation is
s2
Solving for
{q} + 20s
q(0) = q (0) = 0.
{q} + 200
150
.
s
{q} =
{q} we obtain
{q} =
3 1 3
s + 10
10
3
150
=
.
s(s2 + 20s + 200)
4 s 4 (s + 10)2 + 102
4 (s + 10)2 + 102
Thus
q(t) =
3
3 3 10t
e
cos 10t e10t sin 10t
4 4
4
and
i(t) = q (t) = 15e10t sin 10t.
d2 q
dq
E0
+ 2 + 2 q =
,
dt2
dt
L
s2
or
Solving for
{q} + 2s

{q} + 2
s2 + 2s + 2
q(0) = q (0) = 0.
{q} =
{q} =
E0 1
L s
E0 1
.
L s
{q} and using partial fractions we obtain

E0 1/ 2
(1/ 2 )s + 2/ 2
s + 2
E0 1
{q} =
2
=
.
L
s
s + 2s + 2
L 2 s s2 + 2s + 2
211

For > we write s2 + 2s + 2 = (s + )2 2 2 , so (recalling that 2 = 1/LC)

1
s+
{q} = E0 C
.
s (s + )2 (2 2 ) (s + )2 (2 2 )
Thus for > ,

sinh 2 2 t .
q(t) = E0 C 1 et cosh 2 2 t
2 2

For < we write s2 + 2s + 2 = (s + )2 + 2 2 , so

1
s+
{q} = E0 C
.
s (s + )2 + ( 2 2 ) (s + )2 + ( 2 2 )
Thus for < ,

t
2
2
2
2
sin t .
cos t
q(t) = E0 C 1 e
2 2
For = , s2 + 2 + 2 = (s + )2 and

E0
1/2
1/
1
1
E0 1/2
E0 1
{q} =
=
=
.
L s(s + )2
L
s
s + (s + )2
L2 s s + (s + )2
Thus for = ,

q(t) = E0 C 1 et tet .

dq
1
+ q = E0 ekt , q(0) = 0.
dt
C
R
Rs
Solving for
{q} +
1
C
{q} = E0
1
.
s+k
{q} we obtain
{q} =
E0 C
E0 /R
=
.
(s + k)(RCs + 1)
(s + k)(s + 1/RC)
When 1/RC = k we have by partial fractions

E0 1/(1/RC k) 1/(1/RC k)
1
1
E0
1
{q} =
=
.
R
s+k
s + 1/RC
R 1/RC k s + k s + 1/RC
Thus
q(t) =

E0 C kt
et/RC .
e
1 kRC
When 1/RC = k we have

{q} =
1
E0
.
R (s + k)2
Thus
q(t) =
37.
38.

(t 1)
e2t
es
(t 1) = 2
s

(t 2) =
e(t2)
E0 t/RC
E0 kt
te
te
=
.
R
R

e2s
(t 2) =
s+1
212
4.3
39.

(t 2) =
{(t 2)
(t 2) + 2
(t 2)} =
e2s
2e2s
+
s2
s
Alternatively, (16) of this section could be used:

{t
40.

(t 1) = 3
(3t + 1)
2s
2s
{t + 2} = e
(t 2)} = e
(t 1)

(t 1) + 4
1
2
+
2
s
s
3es
4es
(t 1) = 2 +
s
s
41.

(t ) =
cos 2t
{(3t + 1)
(t 1)} = e
{cos 2(t )
(t )} =
{3t + 4} = e
3
4
+
2
s
s
ses
s2 + 4

{cos 2t
42.

sin t

=
2
(t )} = es

cos t
2
{cos 2(t + )} = es
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
e2s
s3
49. (c)
55.
56.
57.
{cos t} = es/2
s2
s
.
+1

1 2 2s
1
3e
= (t 2)2 (t 2)
2 s
2

(1 + e2s )2
1
2e2s
e4s
+
+
=
= e2t + 2e2(t2) (t 2) + e2(t4) (t 4)
s+2
s+2
s+2
s+2
s
e
= sin(t ) (t ) = sin t (t )
s2 + 1
s/2

se

t
= cos 2t
t
= cos 2 t
2
s +4
2
2
2

es
es
es
=
= (t 1) e(t1) (t 1)
s(s + 1)
s
s+1

2s

e2s
e2s
e2s
e
+
= (t 2) (t 2) (t 2) + et2 (t 2)
s2 (s 1)
s
s2
s1
43.
s
.
s2 + 4
ses/2
= 2
2
s +1

sin t
t
sin t +
= es/2
= es/2
2
2
{cos 2t} = es
50. (e)
51. (f )
52. (b)
2 4
(t 3) = e3s
s s

1 e4s
e5s
+
1 (t 4) + (t 5) =
s
s
s
2

2
t
(t 1) =
(t 1) + 2t 1
(t 1) =

2
2
1 s
=
+
+
e
s3
s2
s
53. (a)
54. (d)
24
213
(t 1)2 + 2(t 1) 1

(t 1)

Alternatively, by (16) of this section,
{t2

58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
sin t

tt
3
2

(t 2) =
(t 1)} = es

3
cos t
2
=

f (t) =

f (t) =
3
2

=
2
2
1
+ 2+
s3
s
s
se3s/2
s2 + 1

1
e2s
2e2s
(t 2) = 2 2
s
s
s
2s

e
1
sin t sin(t 2) (t 2) = 2
s + 1 s2 + 1
t (t 2)

(t 2) =
sin t sin t
{t2 + 2t + 1} = es
(t 2) 2
(t a)
eas
ebs
(t b) =
s
s
(t 1) +
(t 2) +
es
e2s
e3s
1 es
+
+
+ =
(t 3) + =
s
s
s
s 1 es

{y} y(0) +
s
Solving for
{y} we obtain
{y} =
5 s
e .
s
{y} =

1
5es
1
= 5es
.
s(s + 1)
s s+1
y=5
(t 1) 5e(t1)
Thus
(t 1).

s
Solving for
{y} we obtain
{y} =
{y} y(0) +
{y} =
1 2 s
e .
s s

1
1
2es
1
1
1
=
2es
.
s(s + 1) s(s + 1)
s s+1
s s+1
Thus

y = 1 et 2 1 e(t1) (t 1).

s
Solving for
Thus
{y} y(0) + 2
{y} =
1
s+1
es 2 .
2
s
s
{y} we obtain

1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
s s + 1
s 1 1
{y} = 2
e
=
+
e
+
+
.
s (s + 2)
s2 (s + 2)
4 s 2 s2
4 s+2
4 s 2 s2
4 s+2

1 2t
1 2(t1)
1 1
1 1
+ (t 1) e
(t 1).
y = + t+ e
4 2
4
4 2
4

s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) + 4
214
{y} =
1 es
.
s
s
4.3
Solving for
{y} we obtain
{y} =

1
1 1 1 s
1 2
1 s
1s
s
s 1 1
e
=
.
s(s2 + 4)
s(s2 + 4)
4 s 4 s2 + 4 2 s2 + 4
4 s 4 s2 + 4
Thus
y=

1 1
1
1 1
cos 2t sin 2t
cos 2(t 1) (t 1).
4 4
2
4 4

s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) + 4
{y} we obtain
1
.
s2 + 1

s
1
1 2
2s 1
+
e
.
s2 + 4
3 s2 + 1 6 s2 + 4
{y} =
Thus
{y} = e2s

y = cos 2t +
1
1
sin(t 2) sin 2(t 2)
3
6
(t 2).

s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) 5 [s
{y} y(0)] + 6
{y} =
es
.
s
{y} we obtain
1
1
+
s(s 2)(s 3) (s 2)(s 3)

1 1
1 1
1
1
s 1 1
+
+
.
=e
6 s 2 s2 3 s3
s2 s3
{y} = es
Thus
1 1 2(t1) 1 3(t1)
e
+ e
6 2
3
y=
(t 1) e2t + e3t .

s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) +
{y} we obtain
s
{y} = e
{y} =
e2s
es
.
s
s

1
s
s
1
2s 1
.
e
+ 2
s s2 + 1
s s2 + 1
s +1
Thus
y = [1 cos(t )]
(t ) [1 cos(t 2)]
(t 2) + sin t.

s2
Solving for

{y} sy(0) y (0) + 4 s

{y} y(0) + 3
{y} we obtain
{y} =
e4s
e6s
1 e2s
+
.
s
s
s
s

1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
2s 1 1
{y} =
+
e
+
3 s 2 s+1 6 s+3
3 s 2 s+1 6 s+3

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1 1
1 1
+
+ e6s
.
e4s
3 s 2 s+1 6 s+3
3 s 2 s+1 6 s+3
215

Thus
y=

1 1 t 1 3t
1 1 (t2) 1 3(t2)
e + e
e
+ e
(t 2)
3 2
6
3 2
6

1 1 (t4) 1 3(t4)
1 1 (t6) 1 3(t6)
e
e
+ e
+ e
(t 4) +
(t 6).
3 2
6
3 2
6
71. Recall from Section 3.8 that mx = kx + f (t). Now m = W/g = 32/32 = 1 slug, and 32 = 2k so that
k = 16 lb/ft. Thus, the dierential equation is x + 16x = f (t). The initial conditions are x(0) = 0, x (0) = 0.
Also, since

f (t) =
20t, 0 t < 5
t5
0,
and 20t = 20(t 5) + 100 we can write

f (t) = 20t 20t
(t 5) = 20t 20(t 5)
(t 5) 100
(t 5).

s2
Solving for
{x} + 16
{x} =
20 20 5s 100 5s
e .
2e
s2
s
s
{x} we obtain
20
100
20
e5s
e5s
s2 (s2 + 16) s2 (s2 + 16)
s(s2 + 16)

25 1 25
5 1
4
s
5
2
2
1 e5s

2
=
e5s .
4 s
16 s + 16
4 s
4 s + 16
{x} =
Thus

5
25 25
5
5
5
sin 4t (t 5)
sin 4(t 5)
(t 5)
cos 4(t 5)
(t 5)
x(t) = t
4
16
4
16
4
4
=
5
5
5
t
sin 4t t
4
16
4
(t 5) +
5
sin 4(t 5)
16
(t 5) +
25
cos 4(t 5)
4
(t 5).
72. Recall from Section 3.8 that mx = kx + f (t). Now m = W/g = 32/32 = 1 slug, and 32 = 2k so that
k = 16 lb/ft. Thus, the dierential equation is x + 16x = f (t). The initial conditions are x(0) = 0, x (0) = 0.
Also, since

f (t) =
sin t, 0 t < 2
0,
t 2
and sin t = sin(t 2) we can write

f (t) = sin t sin(t 2)
(t 2).

s2
Solving for
{x} + 16
{x} =
1
1
e2s .
s2 + 1 s2 + 1
{x} we obtain
1
1
e2s
(s2 + 16) (s2 + 1) (s2 + 16) (s2 + 1)

1/15
1/15
1/15
1/15
+ 2
2
+ 2
= 2
e2s .
s + 16 s + 1
s + 16 s + 1
{x} =
216
4.3
Thus
x(t) =

=
1
1
1
sin 4t +
sin t +
sin 4(t 2)
60
15
60
1
60
sin 4t +
1
15
(t 2)
1
sin(t 2)
15
(t 2)
sin t, 0 t < 2
t 2.
0,
2.5
dq
+ 12.5q = 5
dt
(t 3).
{q} + 5
2 3s
e .
s

s
Solving for
{q} =
{q} we obtain
2
{q} =
e3s =
s(s + 5)
Thus
q(t) =
2
5
2 1 2
1

5 s 5 s+5
2
(t 3) e5(t3)
5
e3s .
(t 3).
dq
+ 10q = 30et 30et (t 1.5).
dt
10
s
Solving for
{q} we obtain
{q} =
Thus
q(t) =
q0
3
q0
2
{q} q0 +
3
2

{q} =
3e1.5 1.5s
3
e
.
s 1 s 1.5
3
1
1
+
3e1.5
s+1 2 s1
2/5
2/5
+
s+1
s 1.5

3
6
et + et + e1.5 e(t1.5) e1.5(t1.5)
2
5
e1.5s .
(t 1.5).
75. (a) The dierential equation is

3
di
3
+ 10i = sin t + cos t
t
,
dt
2
2
i(0) = 0.

s
Solving for
{i} + 10
{i} =
1
se3s/2
+
.
s2 + 1
s2 + 1
{i} we obtain
1
s
+
e3s/2
(s2 + 1)(s + 10) (s2 + 1)(s + 10)

1
s
10
10
10s
1
1
1
2
+ 2
+ 2
+ 2
=
+
e3s/2 .
101 s + 10 s + 1 s + 1
101 s + 10 s + 1 s + 1
{i} =
Thus
i(t) =

1 10t
e
cos t + 10 sin t
101

1
3
3
3
+
10e10(t3/2) + 10 cos t
+ sin t
t
.
101
2
2
2
217

i
(b)
0.2
1
-0.2
The maximum value of i(t) is approximately 0.1 at t = 1.7, the minimum is approximately 0.1 at 4.7.
76. (a) The dierential equation is
1
dq
+
q = E0 [
dt
0.01
(t 1)
(t 3)],
q(0) = 0
dq
+ 100q = E0 [
dt
(t 1)
(t 3)],
q(0) = 0.
50
or
50
{q} + 100
50s
{q} = E0

1 s 1 3s
e e
.
s
s
{q} we obtain

e3s
1
1
es
E0
1 1
E0 1 1
{q} =
=
es
e3s .
50 s(s + 2) s(s + 2)
50 2 s s + 2
2 s s+2
Solving for
Thus
q(t) =
(b)

E0
(t 1) 1 e2(t3)
(t 3) .
1 e2(t1)
100
q
1
The maximum value of q(t) is approximately 1 at t = 3.

d4 y
= w0 [1 (x L/2)].
dx4
Taking the Laplace transform of both sides and using y(0) = y (0) = 0 we obtain

w0 1
s4 {y} sy (0) y (0) =
1 eLs/2 .
EI s
Letting y (0) = c1 and y (0) = c2 we have

c1
c2
w0 1
1 eLs/2
{y} = 3 + 4 +
5
s
s
EI s
so that

1
1
1 w0
L
L
2
3
4
y(x) = c1 x + c2 x +
x x
x
.
2
6
24 EI
2
2
EI
To nd c1 and c2 we compute
2
1 w0
L
x2 x
y (x) = c1 + c2 x +
2 EI
2
and
218
L
x
2
4.3
y (x) = c2 +

L
L
w0
x x
x
.
EI
2
2
Then y (L) = y (L) = 0 yields the system
2
L
1 w0
3 w0 L2
c1 + c2 L +
L2
=0
= c1 + c2 L +
2 EI
2
8 EI
c2 +
w0
EI

L
1 w0 L
= 0.
= c2 +
2
2 EI
Solving for c1 and c2 we obtain c1 = 18 w0 L2 /EI and c2 = 12 w0 L/EI. Thus

1
1 4
1
w0 1 2 2
L
L
3
L x Lx + x
y(x) =
x
x
.
EI 16
12
24
24
2
2
d4 y
= w0 [ (x L/3) (x 2L/3)].
dx4

w0 1 Ls/3
s4 {y} sy (0) y (0) =
e2Ls/3 .
e
EI s
EI

{y} =

c1
c2
w0 1 Ls/3
2Ls/3
e
+
+
e
s3
s4
EI s5
so that
1
1 w0
1
y(x) = c1 x2 + c2 x3 +
2
6
24 EI
1 w0
y (x) = c1 + c2 x +
2 EI
and
y (x) = c2 +
w0
EI
L
x
3
L
x
3
L
x
3
L
x
3
2L
x
3
2L
x
3
2L
x
3
2L
x
3

.

L
L
2L
2L
x
x
x
x
.
3
3
3
3

2
2
2L
L
1 w0
1 w0 L2
c1 + c2 L +
=0
= c1 + c2 L +
2 EI
3
3
6 EI
c2 +
w0
EI

2L L
1 w0 L
= 0.
= c2 +
3
3
3 EI
Solving for c1 and c2 we obtain c1 = 16 w0 L2 /EI and c2 = 13 w0 L/EI. Thus

4
1 2 2
L
1
1
w0
L
2L
3
L x Lx +
x
y(x) =
x
x
EI 12
18
24
3
3
3
EI

d4 y
L
2w0 L
x
+
x
=
dx4
L
2
2
219
L
2

.
2L
x
3

.


1
2w0 L
1 Ls/2
4

s
{y} sy (0) y (0) =

+ 2e
.
EIL 2s s2
s

L
c1
c2
2w0
1
1 Ls/2
{y} = 3 + 4 +
6+ 6e
s
s
EIL 2s5
s
s
so that

1
2w0 L 4
1 5
1
L
1
L
2
3
x
x +
x
y(x) = c1 x + c2 x +
x
2
6
EIL 48
120
120
2
2

5L 4
1
w0
L
L
1
x x5 + x
x
= c1 x2 + c2 x3 +
.
2
6
60EIL 2
2
2
3
w0
L
y (x) = c1 + c2 x +
30Lx2 20x3 + 20 x
60EIL
2
L
x
2
and
2
w0
L
2
60Lx 60x + 60 x
y (x) = c2 +
60EIL
2
L
x
2

.

w0
5
5w0 L2
c1 + c2 L +
=0
30L3 20L3 + L3 = c1 + c2 L +
60EIL
2
24EI
w0
w0 L
c2 +
[60L2 60L2 + 15L2 ] = c2 +
= 0.
60EIL
4EI
Solving for c1 and c2 we obtain c1 = w0 L2 /24EI and c2 = w0 L/4EI. Thus

5
w0 L2 2
5L 4
w0 L 3
w0
L
5
y(x) =
x
x +
x x + x
48EI
24EI
60EIL 2
2
L
x
2
d4 y
= w0 [1 (x L/2)].
dx4

w0 1
s4 {y} sy (0) y (0) =
1 eLs/2 .
EI s
EI

{y} =
so that

c1
c2
w0 1
+ 4+
1 eLs/2
3
5
s
s
EI s
4
w
1
1
1
L
0
2
3
4
x x
y(x) = c1 x + c2 x +
2
6
24 EI
2
L
x
2
2
w
1
L
0

2
x x
y (x) = c1 + c2 x +
2 EI
2
220
L
x
2

.

.

.
4.3
Then y(L) = y (L) = 0 yields the system
4
L
1
1
1 w0
1
5w0
1
2
3
4
c1 L + c2 L +
L
L4 = 0
= c1 L2 + c2 L3 +
2
6
24 EI
2
2
6
128EI

2
L
1 w0
3w0 2
L2
L = 0.
= c1 + c2 L +
c1 + c2 L +
2 EI
2
8EI
9
57
w0 L2 /EI and c2 = 128
w0 L/EI. Thus
Solving for c1 and c2 we obtain c1 = 128

9 2 2
19
1
1
L
w0
L
L x
Lx3 + x4
x
y(x) =
x
.
EI 256
256
24
24
2
2
81. (a) The temperature T of the cake inside the oven is modeled by
where Tm
dT
= k(T Tm )
dt
is the ambient temperature of the oven. For 0 t 4, we have
Tm = 70 +
Hence for t 0,

Tm =
300 70
t = 70 + 57.5t.
40
70 + 57.5t,
300,
0t<4
t 4.
In terms of the unit step function,

Tm = (70 + 57.5t)[1
(t 4)] + 300
(t 4) = 70 + 57.5t + (230 57.5t)
(t 4).
The initial-value problem is then

dT
= k[T 70 57.5t (230 57.5t)
dt
(b) Let t(s) =
or
(t 4)],
T (0) = 70.
{T (t)}. Transforming the equation, using 230 57.5t = 57.5(t 4) and Theorem 4.7, gives

70 57.5 57.5 4s
st(s) 70 = k t(s)
2 + 2 e
s
s
s
t(s) =
70k
57.5k
57.5k
70
+
e4s .
s k s(s k) s2 (s k) s2 (s k)
After using partial functions, the inverse transform is then

1
1
1
1
+ t ekt 57.5
+ t 4 ek(t4)
T (t) = 70 + 57.5
k
k
k
k
(t 4).
Of course, the obvious question is: What is k? If the cake is supposed to bake for, say, 20 minutes, then
T (20) = 300. That is,

1
1
1
1
300 = 70 + 57.5
+ 20 e20k 57.5
+ 16 e16k .
k
k
k
k
But this equation has no physically meaningful solution. This should be no surprise since the model predicts
the asymptotic behavior T (t) 300 as t increases. Using T (20) = 299 instead, we nd, with the help of a
CAS, that k 0.3.
82. In order to apply Theorem 4.7 we need the function to have the form f (t a)
rewrite the functions given in the forms shown below.
221
(t a). To accomplish this

(a) 2t + 1 = 2(t 1 + 1) + 1 = 2(t 1) + 3
(b) et = et5+5 = e5 et5
(c) cos t = cos(t )
(d) t2 3t = (t 2)2 + (t 2) 2
{tekti } = 1/(s ki)2 . Then, using Eulers formula,
83. (a) From Theorem 4.6 we have

{tekti } =
{t cos kt + it sin kt} =
{t cos kt} + i
{t sin kt}
1
(s + ki)
s k
2ks
= 2
= 2
+i 2
.
2
2
2
2
2
(s ki)
(s + k )
(s + k )
(s + k 2 )2
Equating real and imaginary parts we have

{t cos kt} =
s2 k 2
(s2 + k 2 )2
{t sin kt} =
and
2ks
.
(s2 + k 2 )2
(b) The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

s2
Solving for
{x} + 2
{x} =
s2
s
.
+ 2
{x} = s/(s2 + 2 )2 . Thus x = (1/2)t sin t.
{x} we obtain
EXERCISES 4.4
Additional Operational Properties
10t
d
}=
ds
1.
{te
3.
d
{t cos 2t} =
ds
5.
6.
7.
8.
1
s + 10
s
2
s +4
1
=
(s + 10)2
s2 4
(s2
+ 4)
2.
d3
{t e } = (1)
ds3
4.
d
{t sinh 3t} =
ds
3 t
1
s1
3
s2 9
6
(s 1)4
6s
(s2

1
d2
6s2 + 2
{t sinh t} = 2
=
3
ds
s2 1
(s2 1)

2s s2 3
s
1 s2
d2
d
2
{t cos t} = 2
=
=
3
ds
s2 + 1
ds (s2 + 1)2
(s2 + 1)

2t

6
d
12(s 2)
te sin 6t =
=
2
ds (s 2)2 + 36
[(s 2)2 + 36]

3t

s+3
d
(s + 3)2 9
te
cos 3t =
=
2
ds (s + 3)2 + 9
[(s + 3)2 + 9]
2

s
Solving for
{y} +
{y} =
2s
.
(s2 + 1)2
{y} we obtain
{y} =
1 1
1 s
1
2s
1 1
s
+
+
=
+ 2
.
(s + 1)(s2 + 1)2
2 s + 1 2 s2 + 1 2 s2 + 1 (s2 + 1)2
(s + 1)2
222
9)
4.4
Thus
1
y(t) = et
2
1
= et +
2
1
1
1
1
sin t + cos t + (sin t t cos t) + t sin t
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
cos t t cos t + t sin t.
2
2
2

{y}
s
Solving for
{y} =
2(s 1)
.
((s 1)2 + 1)2
{y} we obtain
{y} =
2
.
((s 1)2 + 1)2
Thus
y = et sin t tet cos t.
s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) + 9
Letting y(0) = 2 and y (0) = 5 and solving for

{y} =
s
.
s2 + 9
{y} =
{y} we obtain
2s3 + 5s2 + 19s 45

5
s
2s
+
+
= 2
.
(s2 + 9)2
s + 9 s2 + 9 (s2 + 9)2
Thus
5
1
sin 3t + t sin 3t.
3
6
y = 2 cos 3t +
s2
Solving for
{y} sy(0) y (0) +
{y} =
1
.
s2 + 1
{y} we obtain
{y} =
s3 s2 + s
1
1
s
+
= 2
.
(s2 + 1)2
s + 1 s2 + 1 (s2 + 1)2
Thus
y = cos t sin t +
1
1
sin t t cos t
2
2

= cos t
1
1
sin t t cos t.
2
2

s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) + 16
{y} =
{cos 4t cos 4t
(t )}
or by (16) of Section 4.3 in the text,

(s2 + 16)
s
es
s2 + 16
s
es
=1+ 2
s + 16
{y} = 1 +
Thus
{y} =
and
y=
{cos 4(t + )}
{cos 4t} = 1 +
s
s
es .
s2 + 16 s2 + 16
s
1
s
+
2
es
s2 + 16 (s2 + 16)2
(s + 16)2
1
1
1
sin 4t + t sin 4t (t ) sin 4(t )
4
8
8
223
(t ).
4.4 Additional Operational Properties

s2
{y} sy(0) y (0) +

(s2 + 1)
or
Thus
{y} =

1

+ sin t
t
2
2

1 1 s/2
sin t +
e
+ es/2
s s
2
1 1 s/2
=s+ e
+ es/2 {cos t}
s s
s
1 1
es/2 .
= s + es/2 + 2
s s
s +1
{y} = s +
1
1
s
s
+
es/2 + 2
es/2
s2 + 1 s(s2 + 1) s(s2 + 1)
(s + 1)2

1
1
s
s
s
s
+
= 2
es/2
es/2 + 2
s + 1 s s2 + 1
s s2 + 1
(s + 1)2

1
s
1
s
=
es/2
es/2 + 2
s
s s2 + 1
(s + 1)2
{y} =
and
15.

1

y = 1 1 cos t
t
+
t
sin t
2
2
2
2
2

1
t
cos t
t
.
= 1 (1 sin t)
t
2
2
2
2
y
16.

2
y
4
0.5
2
1
-2
-0.5
-4
-1
17. From (7) of Section 4.2 in the text along with Theorem 4.8,
dY
d
d
{y } = [s2 Y (s) sy(0) y (0)] = s2
2sY + y(0),
ds
ds
ds
so that the transform of the given second-order dierential equation is the linear rst-order dierential equation
in Y (s):
4
4
3
s2 Y + 3sY = 3
or
Y+ Y = 5 .
s
s
s
The solution of the latter equation is Y (s) = 4/s4 + c/s3 , so
{ty } =
y(t) =
{Y (s)} =
2 3 c 2
t + t .
3
2
18. From Theorem 4.8 in the text

dY
d
d
{y } = [sY (s) y(0)] = s
Y
ds
ds
ds
so that the transform of the given second-order dierential equation is the linear rst-order dierential equation
in Y (s):

3
10
Y+
2s Y = .
s
s
{ty } =
224
4.4
Using the integrating factor s3 es , the last equation yields

5
c 2
+ 3 es .
s3
s
But if Y (s) is the Laplace transform of a piecewise-continuous function of exponential order, we must have, in
Y (s) =
view of Theorem 4.5, lims Y (s) = 0. In order to obtain this condition we require c = 0. Hence

5
5
y(t) =
= t2 .
s3
2
19.
21.
1 3!
6
1 t3 =
= 5
s s4
s

et et cos t =

23.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
{et } =
e cos d
0
t
1
s
et d
1
s
1
s

e2t sin t =
2
s3 (s 1)2
1
(s 2)(s2 + 1)
s
1
= 2
+ 1)
s +1
s(s2
1
s+1
s+1
et cos t =
=
s (s + 1)2 + 1
s (s2 + 2s + 2)

1
1
2
d
1 2s
{t sin t} =
=
=
2
2
s
ds s2 + 1
s (s2 + 1)2
(s + 1)
{et } =
{t}
=
1
1)
s2 (s

sin cos(t ) d

t2 tet =

=
22.
1
s(s 1)
{cos t} =
sin d

28.
s1
(s + 1) [(s 1)2 + 1]
1
s

27.

26.
cos d

25.
e d

24.
20.
{sin t}
{cos t} =
s
(s2
+ 1)
t

t

d
d 1 1
3s2 + 1
t
sin d =
sin d =
=
2
2
2
ds
ds s s + 1
s (s2 + 1)
0
0
t

t
1
d
d 1
3s + 1
t
e d =
e d =
= 2
ds
ds s (s + 1)2
s (s + 1)3
0
0

t
1
1/(s 1)
e d = et 1
=
=
s(s 1)
s
0

t
1
1/s(s 1)
(e 1)d = et t 1
=
=
s2 (s 1)
s
0

t
1
1/s2 (s 1)
1
(e 1)d = et t2 t 1
=
=
3
s (s 1)
s
2
0

1
Using
= teat , (8) in the text gives
(s a)2

t
1
1
ea d = 2 (ateat eat + 1).
=
s(s a)2
a
0
35. (a) The result in (4) in the text is

F (s) =
{F (s)G(s)} = f g, so identify
(s2
2k 3
+ k 2 )2
and
225
G(s) =
4s
.
s2 + k 2
4.4 Additional Operational Properties

Then
f (t) = sin kt kt cos kt
so
8k 3 s
(s2 + k 2 )3
and
g(t) = 4 cos kt

{F (s)G(s)} = f g = 4
=

=4
0
f ( )g(t )dt
(sin k k cos k ) cos k(t )d.
Using a CAS to evaluate the integral we get

8k 3 s
= t sin kt kt2 cos kt.
(s2 + k 2 )3
(b) Observe from part (a) that

and from Theorem 4.8 that

t(sin kt kt cos kt) =
8k 3 s
,
+ k 2 )3
(s2

tf (t) = F (s). We saw in (5) in the text that
{sin kt kt cos kt} = 2k 3 /(s2 + k 2 )2 ,
so

2k 3
d
8k 3 s
t(sin kt kt cos kt) =
=
.
ds (s2 + k 2 )2
(s2 + k 2 )3

s2
{y} +
2s
1
{y} = 2
.
+
(s + 1) (s2 + 1)2
50
Thus
2s
1
+ 2
2
+ 1)
(s + 1)3
and, using Problem 35 with k = 1,
{y} =
(s2
y=
50
1
1
(sin t t cos t) + (t sin t t2 cos t).
2
4
37. The Laplace transform of the given equation is

{f } +
Solving for
{f } we obtain
{f } =
{t}
{f } =
{t}.
1
. Thus, f (t) = sin t.
s2 + 1

{f } =
Solving for
{f } we obtain
{2t} 4
{sin t}
{f }.
2s2 + 2
5
2 1
8
=
.
+ 2
{f } = 2 2
2
s (s + 5)
5 s
5 5 s +5
Thus
f (t) =
{f } =
2
8
t + sin 5 t.
5
5 5

tet +
226
{t}
{f }.
10
15

5.laplace Casos Especiais.1234.Sol

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Título original

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

5.laplace Casos Especiais.1234.Sol

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

4.

(s 3)(s2 4s) (s + 1)(s2 4s)

{f (t)} = sF (s) f (0). From

Theorem 4.5, lims

lim [sF (s) f (0)] = 0

For f (t) = cos kt,

lim F (s) = f (0).

{(1 et + 3e4t ) cos 5t} =

{cos 5t et cos 5t + 3e4t cos 5t} =

4.3 Translation Theorems

21. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

23. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

24. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) 4 [s

{y} sy(0) y (0) 6 [s

26. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) 4 [s

27. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) 6 [s

28. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

y = 2e5t cos(t/ 2 ) + 10 2 e5t sin(t/ 2 ).

29. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) [s

4.3 Translation Theorems

30. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) 2 [s

{y} sy(0) y (0) + 2s

To nd c we let y(1) = 2. Then 2 = ce1 + (c + 2)e1 = 2(c + 1)e1 and c = e 1. Thus

slug, and 4 = 2k so that k = 2 lb/ft.

34. The dierential equation is

{q} and using partial fractions we obtain

4.3 Translation Theorems

36. The dierential equation is

When 1/RC = k we have by partial fractions

When 1/RC = k we have

Alternatively, (16) of this section could be used:

Alternatively, (16) of this section could be used:

Alternatively, (16) of this section could be used:

Alternatively, (16) of this section could be used:

4.3 Translation Theorems

63. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

64. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

65. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

66. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) + 4

67. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) + 4

68. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) 5 [s

69. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

{y} sy(0) y (0) +

70. The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

4.3 Translation Theorems

and 20t = 20(t 5) + 100 we can write

The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

and sin t = sin(t 2) we can write

The Laplace transform of the dierential equation is

The Laplace transform of this equation is

74. The dierential equation is

75. (a) The dierential equation is

The Laplace transform of this equation is

4.3 Translation Theorems

The maximum value of q(t) is approximately 1 at t = 3.