Eee Eee SALEH LAMEI MOSTAFA THE CAIRENE SABIL: “The objec of this ty ito determine dhe connections between Iamie doctrine and si bling, and partic. tll to demonstrate thatthe characteristic Features of the sbils in Cairo have thee soares inthe Quran and the hadith, Studies ts far have concentrated solely on areitectural description a have overlooked thes bole meaning of these structures eeause from ancient times mankind has aleays bem aware that water it eaental to ile and survival ‘deh i plays apart in every biological process, not ‘surprisingly tha als played s major role ina vatiety of mythological and religious conmogonies. When the Tonian philnpher Thaler of Miles (628-543 0.6.) replaced the gods with natural law ae te force govern ‘ng all phenomena, he made water the central element in his theory. Even Newton in De Nata. Aer ‘tsumed tha all rubtancrs cam be reduced to water ‘All civilizations have also veceaarily been proc capied with the peoblems of supplying water, which they have solved by building aqueduct, cisterns, and wall, and devising other means of entaring a sendy ‘water supply: The question then arises, do structures in the Islamic world that provide water Simply represent Je another nippy sytem, of do they ely Yoaares Inspired by the shar'a nd, because of tas, represent tan archicectual type that i distinely Islamic? ‘Acqick urvey of structures comparable to the sails in the ancient cnlzations that one occupied the area vere by Iam is needed before the question can be fnawered; for fit we must ascertain whether any con: nections existed between ancient an Ilaie abil, oF Irhether the later were entirely the eretion of Iam ‘vlan, Tn pharaonie Egypt! wells were dugin the Ni basin, Jn the oases mainly for ieigation and in the deser for Avinking water Among the lat, the major knows achievement of dhe Egyptians are the wells dug during fn expedition by Mentahotep TV to the Hammamat Valley; a wel inside the temple built by Siti on the rund to the gol mines in Barnmiyn by Ela in Upper ype the well dug by Ramer Hon the eoad tothe FORM AND MEANING fd mines inthe SAlagi Valley, and che water statin, ‘with itshieroglyphi inscriptions, on the Red Sea inthe Garr Valley which is atsibuted to the Tenth Dynany. Nether that insertion nor Egyptian papyr ‘mention any religous dictum about the charitable oflerng of water othe thiesty, however, ais the ease in Ka. “The importance of ate Er survival wis also well recogiize by the ancient Mesopotamian and Persian Civilizations, whove water god! was named Ea? [Although these is indaputable evidence that both feapler but wll, cere, and canals to amply palaces and houses ~ as, for example in Sargon palace Jn Khorsabad (722705 v.c.)"— there are no known references to ther having tilt them a» 4c pro Pitaiog god that would make thelr tuctuves com Parable the sbi ult in Islamic towns ‘Water-supply systems buile in ancient Greece, for cxample the sith-entury ac. pipeline in Athens Srdered by Pisitestur sed the svcd well with the ‘ine canals! were built of fnelyeut stone and plastered ‘on the nse, The Grecks also used eartherware pipce that were sometimes glazed. ‘Thert were pub fot fvidence that their construction iad ay particular religions significance ‘The Reman Empire, of course, had sn extroe linarly well-developed seater supply sytem, oth public and private Aqueducte were constructed (o transport water from high places, and lead pipes ear Fed i t0 secondary citerns, fountains, sathe, and ‘ther public buidinge* Romans collected thei water From public ountains ia some places, wate’ consuni tion er peson reached fy gallons a day."The water supply elements were formed lakes or foentaine, oF Sometimes both in one composition; they were adorned with columns and sculpture. Wealthy Romans also bul fountains inthe atrium and patos of hei vis, xccuted in marble or granite and decorated with bronze nymphs. In Pompeii water was used as a decorative element in living spaces: bronze Eons headeu sau nats Howrars were intl in moraicdecorated niches from which water owed. I the palace of Augustus, water ra from a niche into a large rectangular bsin surrounded by columns.” Clearly the Romane appreciated clear running water, and used it t0 help. devorate the ‘monumental buildings they. constructed. to. com rmerorate thet herves and honor thei dead. ‘They swere probably the fist to use for eymbole purposes, © Werern culties contnsed the practice of hiding fountains in central squares at publi sevice al a slecortion fora public place* ‘The word sah—derived from the verb all, eo lec fl, drop Jet hang doven o lose eyes ort shed tears” means “a road, or pth.” Inthe Quran ie ‘ned both iterally and metaphorically." An exaunpe of it lieral wae cam be found in sah 97, a ili ld lst hij bet man ita ap eae ("And pilgrimage to che Bouse is a. duty unto Allah for mankind, for him who can find a way thither”). An ‘example of metaphorical ut efi edi, ""on Beal of God and his religion, that it, to Fight aginst the infiele asa religions duty (iid), to seek know, fad to perform charitable act onered by Ga ‘Another is surah 25:27; lyn tlds a's a= asi saban ("Als, would Ghat Thad chosen a ay together with the Mlewenge fo Allab]"), where sei! means in the Prophet's way, the eve way” Another Is surah 415,‘ jj Al lh vbion ("Alla sppoint for them away"), where soi is used in the Sense af “aequiing an objet," oF "a way ont of i ficuley or rouble.” The expression i ase, meaning Ieraly, "son of the Toad,” hss the metaphorical meaning, alms alah wagu'a Ubi tbat is Steam.” The use of sai to refer to publi drinking builing or Fountain i probably derived rom ite meas ing refering to « work done on behalf of Go ‘Scholar have given all ors of reaton forthe use of water inn architectural setting. Grabar ses tat a sual composition for the emblishment offer and outer spaces: "For instance water ia the shape of Streams, a pool of feuntain infancy gardens around oF within lings serves to identify a palatial sting Father than a sanctuary." Jone regattas a eee rent for environmental trestient in secular buildings fr for situal washing in meoaques: "Tess for decor ion ae well cones thet seen in hone and palace architecture rather than ja eligious buildings, where the paramount function of water ie for ritual por pose" Eleanor Sim,'*in her stay om markets and caravanserais, notes that “an assured source of water vas necled for drinking, bathing and situa abluion.” “According to Ardalan and Bakhtiar, "Water, cold and wet, x aymbolically the giver of life, whois mer ‘if in Sending down rain, the element that parties Sad returns life oie primordial sate. fash water ko syenbolzes the descent of revelation; in ablation favough water, the Muslim i symbobealy returing ito his primordial sae." Atala’ in srprtation ‘marks an imporiant step in defining the symbolic meaning of water, but his sole support for ie a Feference to a study by Corbi, For the Muslims the Quean and Sanna are the only sources of law. They define forthe ther vay of ile Iehavior, manners, euler for busines and for social relations. Verus in the Quran upon which his belie i bse include surah 6:38, "We have negated nothing inthe Book [of our decrees)" and sural 1:34, “And ‘erly, We have displayed for mankind in thi Ouran manner of siaides."" ‘Water wat srested in Islam ot only because of its Immporiance tothe maintenance of ife and the ealiva tion ofland, but also bees ofthe importance of ital ablation and because of the numerous ferences 1 ‘water in the Creation. Surth 21:30, "And We made ‘very living thing of water, wil they then belive?” forah 24:5, “All hath created every animal of water”; and sarah 25:54, “And He it ie Who hath feated man from water.” cleaely state that he ‘mmipotence of Ash is revealed inthe craton of all ‘reature fom water” ‘Water also represents spiritual purity, a symbolized retaphoriealy expresed by references to fertility eturned (fallow land. Examples are found in surah 25:48-49, “And We send down pusiying water frm the aky, that We may give life thereby to dead land, find We give many beats and men that We have seated te drink there” Otlering water to pilgrims on their way toMeces was sleeady a cotom in prefslamie times th the Arabian Denials or Meces war place of sanity ong before Islam. Surah 9:19 says, "Count ye the saking of poli’ thirst and tenance ofthe involae paces of ‘ship at fequal tothe worth of him who aleve in [Alla td he lat lay and vet inthe wey of Ala? ‘They are not equal in te sight of Alb. Al guideth sot wrongdoing fll." Thee are no veresdietly fexorting the Islamic faithal to quench the plgrim's thirst, However, but the hadith does include exhortssions 10 aller water co tiesty creatures, both human land unisal, and the Quran requires Masti to follow the aith it they aze ta wen God's approval and Tovgivenest (curah 480, “Whoo obeyeth the Mes senger bath obeyed Alla; surah 59:7, “And what Sever the messenger giveth you take i. And what fccver he forbiddeth abstain [from i]"). According To ‘Abu Hurayra, the Messenger said! Three [persone], Allah wil ot Took to onthe day of resureecton, [they ‘will be chastened and will have a severe puniahrsent [One is] man wha far water on the road, but denkes Ie to the wayfaer.” According to Abu Hutayra, the Mesenger also said,** “While a man was walking, he ‘eae thitsty; he dherefore went to a well, where he rank, Ashe went ou, he mets dog wit ling tongue tho was eting the damp earth (or ts moetre] fom thirst He sid “The sume hing has befallen this (dog) ‘ut happened eo me.” He filed his shoe [with water, held tin his mouth, and went up and gave water othe dog. God thane him and forgave im. They [the people] sid, "© Messenger, wehave chariey for [giving ‘eater fo] animals. He replied "a cooling every living thing there sehaity”" And in another passage,” TT lone of God's slaves die, his deeds cease, xcept for thyee: continuous cavity knowledge that is benefc tnd a ighteous son praising God.” Tn the Quran, is made ear that water ia blessing shed by God ho offers i to men and to animals to ‘rink, Surah 15:2, ""And We eend the winds fer Jing and cause water to descend fron the sky, and give itto yout dink. espa ye who are the hoers of the Hore thereof” Surah 3668-6, "Have ye observed the rater wien ye drink? Is tye who sed I rem the fhineloud, or are We the sheer?” If the shedding of ‘waterisal the doing of God, what ete role of the man in the Ilanie conception? Sura 2:30 say, "And then thy Lord sid unto the angels: Lol Lam about place a ceroy in the earth" By this, God did not mean Tierally a vieroy: he was referring to Adam and his descendants who were ordered to obey Allah, to judge Taint, and to obey his commandments aecording tothe dlieetives in the Quran." Wis obvious fom al thie that sabi isnot merely a plece of commemorative architecture Providing & public place that supple water wo both men and Shimals implements oxe of God's commandments and fotos the dictates ofthe hadchregoeing charity on Techall of God. Why these structures became ach rohisticated and clabonsteuilligs, particularly 8 under the Mamluks andl the Ottomans, aowever, is another question, since the wost modest asin oF fue ‘ain would have full the required charitable fone ‘ion, Probubly they sought to build, not just a source of water, but = holy bailing suitable for divine cevel Son, sine water was regarded ae divine and aot mundane gif. Tee shed by God, and i God who fives ito the thirsty, Water symbolizes Craton, The ‘bil is therefore one of God's houses, Waglyyas ell ue that inthe Mamluk peti, some sail even employed (Quran secters** In the Oxtoman peed, a sil wat furnished with a miheab and had wifi’: one of the sabilsomployocs sted an imam, and thes was wed ‘ts muala forthe five situal prayers” The sab of Sultan Maud in Caizo (odes 308, 1163/1750) was orginally also wied as Quran schoo, andthe abil of Mustafa Sinan (Inclex 246, 1040/1680), alsin Cairo, roe attache fo musa, ‘Sahil in Cairo ear pious inscriptions chat testify to their function in both relgiont and secular boilings® The one om the Sabi al-Amir Shaykh (index 14, dated Dh al-Qa‘da 758/Nov Dee. 1358) reads (Basmala) ql Ras Ah sll Aah lp woe alam: ff Bll dt kab bar je wail alt Aa Soap ewan: ayy aml fal, gil rgy ((hosmnala "The Messenger of God, God bes hrm and ‘rant him slitaton, said ln every ehirty Bong thing, there ichaity, Ad he was aked, What works are be ter than eves? He asi, Giving water for dining”) Tide the mosque of Fara thm Bargug by the Bab ‘uvayla (Index 205, dated 1 Daw a-Os¢€ SLU March 1409), is sabil (ee appendix) an which is flake their chr.” The sail fn the eabiatab and twakala of Quitbay at al-Anhat (ndex 75:76, Shatban TLUNow Dee. 1876) sex the same passage in alighly fuller frm, “Their Lord wil lake their hie wih 3 pure drink. The sabi in the mausoleuin 6 Qathay in the ceetery (Index 99, 877-79/1472-7) nes 763-7 [Bssinala) “Lat the righteous shall drink of 3 cup whereof the mite is Afr A spring wherelrom dhe ‘laver of Allah drink, making it gush forth sbundandy, [Because] they perform the yaw and fears day wheredt {he evils wite-spreaing” The Sabil Yusuf a-Kurd {Undex 230,100 16h century) has 765-28, che Sabil Yusuf Bey (Index 219; 1040/1638) nace 765-9, Many ofthese ame verses are also fo be fund onthe walle ‘nd wood lias where drinking water is provided in religious buildings (usenet; mazprn) The Quran provided the Meaim architect ithsie carn ss a Inspiration through it descriptions of Para with its sings, rit, and tees, and led hi to try to atin kindof perfection which is both symbolic and tence Sembud?® quotes Ibn Zabala who reports that the workers who were sting the slats mossie ‘decorations (fsyfe?) On the walls of the Prophets tomb in Medina, told him "We have done thes ccording to our netion of what the paradive and ie places look lik.” Bxcivations in Ragga of buildings from the ninth century have uncovered a pavement that looks asf is furface were water." This can be traced back to the ‘description of the pavement inthe place of Solomon in fhe Quran (20:4) “was ad nto her= Enter the bal, and when she saw it she decrned jt a pool and ‘bare her legs, [Solomon] said: Eo itis «all wade smooth of glass.” "The Muslim architect tied to attain perfection by introducing the abil at a metaphor for 8 pring in Parade: "There are they watered witha cup whereof fhe misture i of Zanjabil, [the water of] 3 apeing ‘herein, named Saiabil” (7617-18) In many of them, ‘he tala with its mabe shidlrn’® isthe foul ele. ‘ment ofa sophisticated composion, The inclined mar le slab, or shadhurean, resting in a niche and so ‘mounted by a gilded and colorlly painted mugarnas hood, is decorated with chevronsin the middle ands rounded by figures of animale drinking and by fh “Theamooth low af water ver the chevron pater with the surrounding animal figures achieves an interplay between the sound of eiekling water, the sculptured surfice, andl dhe sn's cay falling onthe plyehromed {Gidea Surtace. The water x colleeed in a marble basin ‘Secorated. with colored marble mosaics, where. i ‘remains cool and palatable. Ts the Quran, drinking water is often described ax “gushing” (may itera visible running water”) amples are surahe 23:50, "We gave chem refuge ot A height, x place of flocks und water springs 37:45 406," cup rom 4 gurhing spring is brut round for them, dliious tothe deinkers"; 36:18, "With bow and ewers and a cup from a pure sping": 67:0, "Say Have ye thought If [al] your water were to disappear into the earth, who then could bring you gushing water.” For this ens sale were efem designed to fchieve great outpouring of water; forthe purpose Some of them used bronze ide Figures mounted on the shadurwan. Sable ao show a sophnicated ae of ‘varied material ad color: pavement of colored mar ble mosaics in geometec patterns, wood clings that are carved, decorated, pated, and gilded—someimes {nthe form ofhanging stalactte—and wall nai with ged marble wth a reze of carved wooden inscip {ions Both the composition ofthe sls and the fr ishing of ts Interior ae inspied by Quratic verses ‘ater sunning over the slab symboees the an ‘whlch Allah sends dawn from the heavens which in tum isa sjmbel for the descent of divine revision) in ‘form that revive the dead and which symtesics the esurtection) In 35:9 and 26:27:""And Alla Who fesieth the winds and they rise a cloud thes We lee iunto a dead land and revive therewith the earth fer fits death. Sach isthe Resurrection... Hast tho not seen that All enuseth wate to fll from the sky, anc tre produce therewith fats of diverse hues and among the ils are steaks of white and ve of diverse hues snd [others] raven blac; and of men and beasts and cate sn lke manner diverse bes? "The prototype forthe sai aa iba rectangular or square space (rd) with a carved, Finely decorated and painted wooden ceiling” Walls ae bul of Snel cut Welles Tinestone in alerting white and redPy courses (ably). Marble moses, ialaid marble panes farved on incised stone and stucco work, and insrp. tions conatate the inerio decoration. The fagade haa large windows with bronze giles through which people can reach in for water as they pass by Lintels and sil fre formed or encrusted with black oF red-andovhite ‘are in akermating geometric and arabesque pat teens. Comers are aotened by decorative chiseled eo tun, The exterior architecture ie simple and pe; the inner space i alvays choerfol snd color. In eligiout tng, the sabi is always bul into the eorner of the ‘ling where the streets ntrseet adjacent tothe main cntrance. In the Mak period, they ar rarely found. {8 independant building, and never in private or ren {al housing but the Ottomans frequently bul separate tones" They are also found in secular buildings fo fexamnple, che ati (Index 76, €81/1476) next to Osi bby" vinala st al-Ashar, Until ecetiy, no nb were owen in domestic architecture in he Mamluk period.» Sabil are almont always ound in association ‘vith Quran schools stab matted aa) on the upper Moos. These schools were founded to teach orphans t0 ‘write and to read the Quran; one of ther x mentioned In the endowment for dhe sabi-kuttu of Sultan Far bn Bavqug "The oldest known Foundation inerision ona asi ie in Damasus, Tein dated 470 (1077-78) and rece: tetha'a hath obi maa oad ao ie Ah (aij Muhanad a Jabbar Sf AUG Sr sant ibn ‘ewarsin?a ("Cd's poor slave alHajj Muhammad AlJahbur, may Allah forgive hin, use ehis blessed {abil in che year 470 (1077))2" The oldest surviving ‘cainpe In Cairo on the Sabi a-Nuair Muaromad ibn Qala (bul by Aqqush and Arghun), dated 740 (1340). The oldest conneried to a Aula iv that of ‘Asanbughs (Index 185, 1721370). Some references ‘ge a9 an cater example a sabil tha is no longer extant, which one ond beside the mosque of Aga que (Index 128, 747-4801346-47). ANuwaye anys that QulaPun be sabi with fata above, but Since he isthe nly historian to mension it, this i Soul. In some sbi, the upper oor was bas parent forthe misarmela or ar a ge% forthe ‘ener Sable have cisterns built underneath of Bred Brick and a waterproof mortar whic if aso used for plastering Sebil architecture wat inspired by descriptions of Paradise in the Quran. The Muslin atcitet tid to atains kind of perfection in using water for symbole relisiows purposes: Oflering water is an art of God's harty and decorations inthe slither com position eophasice that theme, The gushing water, polychrome effects, and other devoraton ae meant t Fepresent perfection inform and fst Water serv in dhe at distinct religious symbal, and not merely 4 publi Function. Cire for Conration and Prenton of the Ilamic Artista Hritage Caio, Eee APPENDIX: DESCRIPTION OF THE SABIL IN ‘THE ENDOWMENT DEED OF SULTAN FARAJ IBN BARQUO “The passages reprtduced here cancer dh description in the endowment deed forthe raiya snd sab of Fara on Barqug (Index 203, 1408), ofthe sabi (ines 108-20), is reguatons (lines #3239), ants moe of ‘operation (ines 603-19). The deed wa rs kept in the Court of Vital Statics in ‘Shubra, Cairo, and ‘eginered under no, 66 makita Toy tithe in the National Endowments Buildiog by the Citadel of Caio ~ Soa oe CA J) GL ALD A tay I ay en Dial # Sih —N- By Ay wh ele 1a ye ale GV 658 le NAAT EWN ooo ly Sip a cA Obed i oo St det dey LB ae sl a Yas tl ty OA SA i at opt AS ae ge Ch yl Bi yar ge Mae Uy Ap ee me tnd ly Cal Sat yt By 99 he Sl OU ca Ja) EBV NT eo a pa al i Gta 2H 23 gol hg DY Da op 8) oh BS Sed goals VN) Joe ase Og A pop ply Se I ty Sl only Ol a St ae ee yA ll gp yal [OF] Lal cp le wg wt Foe Sl yal ae GALI Dal oy poy pal SAM 8 eae (ANE el al pee CAee woe eee 0 Se BL a of BEL Sy et ay 8p ALD gl (18) Jae in in Pes aie shew le dps le Ah pe Je Sb ae SF pl eg NNT TN) cSt FF Je Se OB ap Ha 5 at i) all ante ae Ay oa SA BEEN Jy abe Di i a wis aie col 2% rudy ply Wily Sha SiN a eh OLN gS me a 194) SH DN oO dl ae INV] as ab Jey Se EU NTN Sowa ja al Say Sd Set ply ast 28 AFT) el ged iy) sal Sed BIO co pl fal J by 1 nos oe gl) py al [ATF] oe lel el oF te ea HE) od Cat OM 0) a ob Oe {EF 9] dy al eo wt yy Gel Sie el yl SD A ly hag 2 2 el Se as Jo SCA) Lg Boece eh oR my Yo et st iy SU CAVA) ply FFB ON gM ae le a po SIS cp lg dang lay AS, JE Ne gS (48 de el sk Bay By 80 SB om oe yy TY Bop at be ISM gaya Lot ye il pole rel de Fp oe ya A aa UL OB fob AO Say Bal oo J a th a Wie 2 a BI fy aly ity (A) 5 Sl OS ky SEBS VM cel UL Syl nie any US SS sah bal eA nied ph iy el ph i PROP Ah aae J ll Bp RT oly dyn Fd maa PMN at has aS oe sl Dl Bn f Sy te Bo Wily otis Susy Ad Ub SS ay (ANT) le ae al Jee TAUTT Jelt Ba BBD ay aS EB JO ee AS Bap SoBe Ok BAD SNA Se pn ey ws VED Wy Sine) spi a de gall Lge os SSSA SUD Je op ye ga Jae Sa 6 (gs Ys ga I pl (AYN) al iy ate Bis ath Pe ey ae se By 8a ie Ud BO ay OY, oe a as 8) 58 et Be pe ge OS FI a os ot ah hg gd ob Oh Sy wh a (O04) td A 2S py Desrgion of the Sait {108} .. and the dour we promised to mension rst— dhe one an the lefchand side of the int corridor ii [109] with a quadrangular frame (mesa ley) — a wooden door that it painted in colors and covered ‘with gold-plated bronze (uhit mudhathal) and gilded Inscriptions Tchas a marble tresbold and atone intel ‘made from water stone (Hajar alm’. [110] Through ‘id door one enters the sabi room (ini at), This ie square room (Hing mabe, paved with diffrent {ypes of precious colored marble and having skiing all around i. The sketing consis of [111] great plates ‘of precious marble, ike prophyry (asain black marble (elzerar), mylle-gren marble (a nase), white and ed masble(lshaln-lab),and the like Inside the sai room onthe right ta gilded ‘Aadhare with gilded ‘ala, [112] Above the ‘hadhowdn there ie an arched niche covered by colored Imayble mosaics, colored segmented marl, amazing Aecorations, and silk profiles (‘ng #420), ‘There are some lon (143) made of golplated bronce that are ‘wed for having the wate Naw over the shad, aed tthe bottom of said shidharadn is @ white alabster Sasi for (alleen the water. Above al ofthis (114) re various decorations (auras nthe veting of wit Souls take delight. On the sides of the roc aleady ‘mentioned are two large windows with thik lates (Candi pil) of gol pated bronze. One ofthese wi ‘doves overlooks [115] the roa (ar coming fom the surest (alba algbine), The other ovecaoks the radin front of Bab Zanwayl, Inthe late small doo removed, and here water is stributed [116] ad the cupbearer (alagg) sis. In frost of enh 0 these two ‘windows isthe stone plate that is borne bythe project Ing corel, intended forthe placing of weal. Both of the aforementioned windows are (117) cord over by | pac of wooden shutters that are painted sad ye and they are rooted over by a gilded cling sided with {glide stalactites In (118] thie room there isin the way Stfine handicraft gilding, marble, and decorative work that whieh soule find pleasant to look sty and itssre caren sae 4 splendor extinguishes (119) thir. Ie has increased in baty ad beneicence, and righteousnes has seed there forall of ine, Beneath di [si and that which inadjcent [120] he cistern (sr, buk deep into the eth with baked bricks andl waterproof motor (nine mains). [The cistern] i for woring water sd tha been referred to above Postion 491) As for the aforementioned stem, it was flowed forthe purpose of eolletng the ptable water ‘aria to it from the blesed Nile 0 thatthe water ‘ould be disibuted to Mudims—a done by sar [493 cisterns. The sali oom mentioned and described hove war endowed for having deposited therein the ‘ees prepared forthe distribution [454] of water and for moring whatever is init im the way of clay ary, rugs, and the like. T¢ was also endowed in order to have water distributed al day long-and all night long [495] during the month off Ramadan-—and for the seating ofthe cupbearer employed for tha tsk) [Thi {a} ollowing the model of similar say, Te cupbearer 1S supposed to wash the vessels [436] in the above mentioned sbi all day long Ae for the rest of the (grounds and places mentioned above, among them [497) is the elementary school (mated lub), dex tribe above. It war endowed as place in which ito Site teacher f orphans-mentioned later ona well =the orphans [themselves], (488) also mentioned later ‘on. The concern ofthe elementary schoo are the study fof dhe Quran (Lita Aah) and the teaching of hand Writing. Tis fashioned inthe manner that silat sob sebools ate, [499] generally speaking Made of Option {603} The [mag adminitetor (-b) aranges for & beneficent man of noble chascer, who i song, honest, ai chactable to iy nthe 0m, whieh is sated oer [60] the opening uf the cern (at stig ith of Bab Zawya ovo ‘pon [605] the sloomentioned,cupbeaer to rie weir from the cer and put ito ver 4 pve rink othe people; to was aid veal, [606] dean them, and protect them om. creping roptle Cl {280}, vera attain), and ise hak rd) ‘by covering them; to clean the space mentioned, weep i (607) wipe and hep i dear om dit 0 vessel and mugs (i), pur them in he places made Tnethem, provide them drinker, 608 and el he cmp ro song tem; alt faa drisking forthe people, wenn them with Kener ad pe sant manner apd going as lr a pose (608) in taking arvng person oat ese, Forti puro] the cupbrarer is from forenoon fo ssc every ay fnd ding Ramadan [610 fom blr he rein o the fast othe at ewning mal and rom before daw Uupunil dave, so tht there be astirg eat and con Maal benelaction (611) daylong. May God rake the chariable its of he donor ofthe wag! fow forever, and i tonarchy lat forever. God ori that this wor forsake hr. (612) The aeminiatoe a the sag pays othe sforementioned espirarer whatever isconssredtecestary to sain Mim. The xin Seaton loo pays every year dating the day of the owing ofthe Nie whatever [61] hast be spent to Bl the abovementioned cern fm the water of the sed Nile, and pays he ot of two Baca cane and number [614] of waterains (rad engi) and ‘ens (ut) for transporting water he aoremen Sone tern om the Moreen lswed Nie {oethe eae year without nteruptn; snd [pay] for [613] te expenss of te aforementioned camels nd the charges for workers whatever br dent shoul be Spent om he money ofthe forenentone wa [I {hs in 90 -that work gona on cotiually and the transport of water fom [616 he Me (aba) he Gaerne perenial without ingemuplon, And. fr Shatever rm among the gp and serie comes {oan end the [waa] admiitrtor bys replacement $0 thatthe nate of fas remains unchanged. Like wise, 617 he adit of he waa pends rom the toney ofthe soremnentoned wacf whatever be dees appropriate to be spent fbr he cast the ar sishing ofthe Friday mosque an, che fray] Snonqe (a-magji), an the emenay soa, [18] iighting ei lamps (gos, chain and siping rage (Gtr emai); sponges and vende forthe at he Carpeting afevery ace with wha sable fo i ‘usa in spaces [619] snd which bot om: tnon cio and the race of ine rege, a he Cost of andes Ramadan andthe mcrae fling ain sid month, ao ua 1 W. tld and Oro, Ls de dpi a. Wika, 2 alma rv by Kew Kala he Gon" une tein xi Ha Je ie aie Pinan Aon. 24 ed (1979), pp ABA, Fas ngage eBags ‘nti 97) 9 ‘me ar Mine of dno Lande, 1950). AW Mile and. Vogl Bast (Mich, 178, Sil Chon, rod de ined Wns Ta ‘en i a i so 8 al "Si" Engl en tH. W. Lan, Ae ic at La a Lan, 177 fp i913, Ry ‘Sipps ot abn my vo a, 180 FP Iria it £9, 59084 Bt Daa, a ‘Mire iy 1 pp 91 20 S60 Surat dat ahi Fk tan Soi 8 ‘Sei he es dS Meng, eae Mita Lem 88 3 on ta Uh i ‘Neer Ans air Tear Uni Cheng akc of Chg Po 7) pp. S88, 9 1 ‘Al Cun talators ve de Ho arma aka, 4 ssf (any. NS SUNY Prem) {hn Ke af A Oho Aa, an Mise (Cam Be Sr, 0 [Av] Wenn nF M: Mena, aun an abe ia ee Sa (Crd te fe ie nh va 2 (ese 1989 9 i a 9 ee, 1985, p20 The yi ct 1 (Ca, Pop 1008 i tly Si aT nen Hse espa al Nae ah Bag ah ese eee see or mci an Vin ec, Man a Spt igang tee (Gh aby En Cote ee Sad cote We Ape nca ce AG? se See i a,» Moni ataa l tp e ‘ey Sina tt a Motes ie tg sy ou aD a ih id ie fre: Ted Sim ait erie. sin i Rly 15%. Sing Tey aap. hs nanan Tad Me wt np ‘cd a aa aa mt. ‘ce Nea or i i Seo PARSE tnd bo a es ‘hs nay capa St Si a ara Sey ncaa to sap Teh Man Semele a ater tn Fy ay tte le tie Rabe? Gch 7h i Forte Man cme ‘sta tt a Ph as ‘iia atta a, ta ln cn 04 SI a ese, moe Feet Noy Mom i ee regsing te doco ae pie in ‘tive. "Te Fag wanton arp by be Kei sy