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F
para
Hoje
F para Hoje um ministrio da Editora FIEL. Como
outros projetos da FIEL as conferncias e os livros
este novo passo de f tem como propsito semear
o glorioso Evangelho de Cristo, que o poder de Deus
para a salvao de almas perdidas.
O contedo desta revista representa uma cuidadosa
seleo de artigos, escritos por homens que tm
mantido a f que foi entregue aos santos.
Nestas pginas, o leitor receber encorajamento a fim
de pregar fielmente a Palavra da cruz. Ainda que esta
mensagem continue sendo loucura para este mundo,
as pginas da histria comprovam que ela o poder
de Deus para a salvao das ovelhas perdidas
Minhas ovelhas ouvem a minha voz e me seguem.
Aquele que tem entrado na onda pragmtica que
procura fazer do evangelho algo desejvel aos olhos
do mundo, precisa ser lembrado que nem Paulo, nem
o prprio Cristo, tentou popularizar a mensagem
salvadora.
F para Hoje oferecida gratuitamente aos pastores e
seminaristas.

Editora Fiel
Caixa Postal 1601
12233-300 - So Jos dos Campos, SP
www.editorafiel.com.br

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