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Exercicios Resolvidos Sobre Limites, Derivadas e Aplicacao de Derivadas
Exercicios Resolvidos Sobre Limites, Derivadas e Aplicacao de Derivadas
Nicururo_nampula@yahoo.com.br
Por:
Calculodelimites
I.
( x+1)2
1. lim 2
x x +1
1
1+
x
x
2
2
lim 2
( x +1 )
x x +1
||
= lim
x
x 25 x+ 1
2. lim
x 3 x +17
=
||
2
x 5x 1
2
+ 2+ 2
x x x 1
lim =lim =
x 3 x 17 x 0
2
+ 2
x x
3. lim
x
1000 x
=
x 217 ||
x (1000) 1000 1000
lim = lim = lim =lim 0=0
x 17 x x x x
x ( x )
x
2 x 2 +2 x +3
4. lim
x x 38 x +5
= ||
3
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2 3
x 2 (2+ + 2 )
x x 2 2
lim = lim =lim =lim 0=0
x 2 8 5 x x x
x (x + 2 ) x
x x
( 2 x+3 )2 ( 3 x2 )2
5. lim
x x 2+ 5
= ||
( 2 x )2 ( 3 x )2 2
4x 9x
2
36 x
4 2 2
x (36 x ) 36 x
2
63
2
+
lim =lim =lim =lim =lim lim =lim = lim + =+
x
2
x +5 x
2
x +5 2
x x +5 x 2 1 x 1 x 1 x 1 x
x ( 1+ 2 )
x
x 24
6. lim 2
x 2 x 3 x +2
=
0
0||
(x2)( x+ 2) ( x+ 2) 4
= lim =lim =lim 4=4
( x2 ) (x1) x 2 ( x1) x 2 1 x 2
lim
x 2
x 25 x +10 52 55+10 10
7. lim 2
=lim 2
=lim =lim =
x 5 x 25 x 5 5 25 x 5 0 x 5
x 22 x
8. lim 2
x 2 x 4 x + 4
=
0
0||
x (x2) x 2
lim =lim =lim =
x 2 ( x 2)(x2) x 2 (x2) x 2 0
x 2( a+1 ) x+ a 0
9. lim
x a x2 a3
= ||
0
4
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( xa ) ( x1) x 1 a1 a1 a1
lim =lim 2 =lim 2 =lim =
x a ( xa )( x +ax +a ) x a x +ax +a x a a + aa+a x a 3 a2 3 a2
2 2 2 2
10. lim
x 0
x +11 = 0
3 x +11 0 ||
Seja x+ 1=k 6 0+1=k 6 k= 6 1 k =1
lim
k 6 1 =lim k 31 =lim ( k1 ) (k 2+ k +1) =lim k 2 +k +1 =lim 1+1+1 =lim 3 = 3
3 6
k 1 k 1
2
k 1 k 1 k 1 ( k1 ) ( k +1) k1 k +1 k 1 1+1 k 1 2 2
11. lim
x a xa |0 |
x a = 0
( x a ) ( x + a)
=lim =lim =lim =
(xa) 1 1 2 a a a a
lim =lim =lim =lim
x a ( xa ) ( x + a) xa ( xa ) ( x + a) x a x + a x a 2 a x a 4 a x a 2a x a 2 a 2 a
12. lim
x 1
||
x1 = 0
3 x1 0
6
Seja x=t6 t= 1 t=1 onde m , m, c ( 23 )=6
13. lim
x 4
3 5+x 0
=
1 5x 0 ||
5
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1 ( 4x ) (1+ 5x) 1
=lim lim
3+ 5+ x x 4 ( 1 5x ) (1+ 5x ) x 4 ( 4x ) (1+ 5x )
3+ 5+=lim lim
x 4 ( 4x) x 4
1
=lim
1+ 5 x
= lim
3+ 5 +x x 4 3 + 5 +x 1 1
x4 =
3 3
4x
lim
15x x 4
( 3 5+ x ) (3+ 5+ x )
=lim
( 1 5x ) (3+ 5+ x ) x 4
lim
sen x
14. lim =1 emtrigonometria este umlimite notavel
x 0 x
15. lim
x 0
sen 3 x 0
x
=
0 ||
3 sen 3 x sen 3 x
lim =lim lim 3=lim 3=3
x 0 3x x 0 3 x x0 x0
16. lim
x 0
sen 5 x 0
=
sen 2 x 0 ||
1 5 xsen5 x 2x 1 5x 5 5
lim sen 5 x lim =lim lim =lim 5 x lim =lim =lim =
x 0 x 0 sen 2 x x 0 5x x 0 2 xsen 2 x x 0 x 0 2 x x 0 2 x x 0 2 2
17. lim
x 1
senx
=
sen 3 x 0
0
||
1 xsenx 3 x x 1 1
lim senx lim =lim lim =lim =lim =
x 1 x 1 sen 3 x x x x x 1 3 xsen3 x x 1 3 x x 1 3 3
x +1 x
18. lim (
x 2 x +1
=
)
6
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1
2+
x
1
x (1+ )
x 1
x
lim x 2
x
=lim
x
() 2
=lim 0=0
x
lim
x
x 0 0
x +2 0+ 2 2
19. lim
x 0 3x
( )
=lim
x 0 30
=lim
x 0 3
=lim 1=1
x 0
( ) ()
2
x
x 2 +2
20. lim 2
x 2 x +1 ( ) || =
[ ]
lim x
2 2 x
x (1+ 2 )
x 1
lim
x 2 1
x (2+ 2 )
= lim
x
()
2
= lim 0=0
x
senx senx
x 22 x+ 3 x2 2 x +3 3 1 3
( ) ( ) ()
lim
x x
21. lim 2 =lim 2 x 0
=lim =
x o x 3 x +2 x 0 x 3 x +2 x 0 2 2
ln ( 1+ x )
22. lim =1 porque umlimite notvel ou podese tambem escrever
x0 x
1 1
1
lim ln ( 1+ x )=lim ln (1+ x ) x =lim ( 1+0 )0 =|1|
x o x x 0 x 0
23. lim
x0
ln ( cos x ) 0
x
=
0 ||
7
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[ ] [ ] [ ] [
2
1 1
]=ln
1 senx 1 1
lim ( cos x1 ) lim
1 2 2 lim 2 2
x 0 x x 0 x0
24. lim
x0
( 1x ln 1x
1+ x
)=|00|
1
[ ( )]
1
lim ln
x 0
( ) 1+ x x
1x
=ln lim
x 0
1+ x
1x
x
=ln ( 1 )
ln [ e
lim
x 0
( 11+ xx 1) 1x ]=ln [ e lim ( 1+x1x1 x ) 1x ]=ln
x 0
[e lim
x 0
( 1+ x )2 ( 1x )2
x 1x ( 1+ x+ 1x ) ]=ln [e lim
x0
1+ x1 +x
x 1 x ( 1 +x+ 1 x )
]=ln [e lim
x 0
2x
x 1x ( 1+ x+
e x 1 0
25. lim
x x
=
0 ||
( e x 1 )
lim
=lim e x =lim 1=1
x 0 (x) x0 x0
a x 1 0
26. lim
x0 x
=
0 ||
( a x 1 )
lim
=lim a x ln x=lim a0 ln 0=lim 1=1
x 0 x x 0 x 0 x 0
( x+ x )2x 2 ( x )2+ 2 x x+ x2 x2 x 2 +2 xx x ( x +2 x )
lim = lim = lim = lim = lim 2 x=2 x
x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0 x x 0
2 2
lim 2 x =2 a
uma funo definida x R ou seja x a
2
Como se pode v y =x sendo
aR
2 2
Observamos que 2 a a R representa um no real. Nesta ordem de ideia implica que y=x
continua em todo R .
{
2
x 4
2. f ( x )= x2 ; x 2
p ; x=2
lim f ( x )
1: x 2
f ( x )= lim (x)
+
x 2 f ( x ) = f
x2
2 :lim
x 24 0
lim f ( x ) =lim
x 2 x 2 x2 0
= ||
( x2 ) ( x+2 )
lim =lim x+ 2=lim 4=4
x 2 ( x 2 ) x 2 x 2
x2
3. y=
x 2
x2 22 4
lim =lim =lim =lim =
x 2 x2 x 2 0 x 2 0 x 2
1+ x 2 2
4. lim = lim =
x 1 x+1 x 1 0
Portanto esta funo descontnua no ponto x=1 , sendo assim continua nos restantes
pontos de R .
5. y =
7+ x 3
; Df x R { 2 }
x 24
lim
x 2
7+ x3 = 0
x2 4 |0 |
( 7+ x )232 7+ x9 ( x 2 ) 1 1 1
lim =lim =lim =lim =lim =
x 2 ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 ( x2 ) ( x+2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 ( x2 ) ( x+ 2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 ( x +2 ) ( 7+ x ) x 2 12 12
x x x
5. y = x< 0 =1; parax >0, =1 logo :
| x| ; |x| |x|
x x
lim =1 lim =1
x 00 |x| x 0+ 0 |x|
x
Para x=0 a funo no definida. Assim a funo f ( x )= descontinua no ponto x=0
|x|
6. y=ln ( cos x )
lim ln cos x=ln lim cos =ln ( 0 )=
x
x
2
2 2
x=a .
x
Ex : y=
|x|
Ex : y=
7+ x3
; y=ln ( cos x )
x2
III. Derivadas
5 3
1. y =x 4 x +2 x+ 3
' '
y ' =( x 5 ) ( 4 x 3 ) + ( 2 x )' + ( 3 )'
y' =5 x 4 12 x 2 +2
1 1
2. y= x + x 20,5 x 7
4 3
3. y= x
'
' ' ' x 1
( )
y = x y = y'=
2 x 2 x
a
4. y= 3
x2
12
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'
( x 2 ) 2 x 21 a 4 x 2
3 2 '
a
a ( x )
3
3 x3 2
3
a ' 3x a 4 x 2 4 a x2 x (
y'=
( )
3 2
x
y'= 3 2 y'=
( x 2) ( 3 x 2)
2
y' = 2
( 3 x 2 )
y'=
2
( 3 3 x ) ( 3 x 2 )
y'= 3
3x x 4
y'=
x(
5. y =5 senx+3 cosx
5. y =tg xcotg x
1 1 1 1
y ' =( tg x )' ( cotg x )' y ' = 2
+ 2
y'= +
cos x sen2 x
2
cos x sen x
( sen 2 x ) ( cos 2 x )
( sen2 x ) + ( cos2 x ) 1
y'= 2 2
y'= 2 2
sen x cos x sen x cos x
1 1
y ' =( ar tg x )' + ( ac cotg x )' y ' = 2
2
y ' =0
1+ x 1+x
7. y =xarcsenx
x
y ' =( xarcsenx )'
y ' =x' arcsens+ x ( arcsenx)' y ' =arcse nx +
1x 2
8. y=( x1 ) e x
' '
y ' =[ ( x1 ) e x ] y ' = ( x 1 )' e x + ( e x ) ( x1 ) y ' =e x + ( x1 ) e x
x
9. y=sen3 5 x cos2
3
x ' '
x x
(
y ' = sen 3 5 x cos 2
3) '
y ' =( sen 3 5 x ) cos2 + sen3 5 x cos2
3 3 ( )
'
x x x x
'
y ' =3 sen2 5 x ( sin3 5 x ) cos2 +sen 3 5 x 2 cos sin 2
3 3 3 ( )( )
3
x x x 1
y ' =3 sen2 5 x cos 3 (5 x )5 cos 2 + sen3 5 x 2 cos sen 2
3 3 3 3 ( )
x 2 x x
y ' =15 sen2 5 x cos 3 5 x cos 2 sen 3 5 x cos sen2
3 3 3 3
x x 2 x
y ' =sen 2 5 x cos
3 (
15 cos2 5 x cos sen 5 x sen2
3 3 3 )
x8
10. y = 4
8 ( 1x 2)
4 '
( x 8 ) 8 ( 1x 2 ) x 8 [ 8 ( 1x 2 ) ]
' ' 4
'
y=
[ x8
8 ( 1x )2 4 ] y= '
[ 8 ( 1x ) ]
2 4
2
4 3 4 3
' 8 x 7 8 ( 1x2 ) x 8 32 ( 1x2 ) (2 x ) ' 64 x 7 ( 1x2 ) +64 x 9 ( 1x 2 )
y= 8
y= 3 5
64 ( 1x 2 ) 64 ( 1x 2) ( 1 x2 )
2 3
64 ( 1x ) [ x ( 1x ) + x ]
7 2 9
' ' x 7 ( 1x 2 ) + x 9
y= 3 5
y= 5
64 ( 1x2 ) ( 1x 2 ) ( 1x2 )
1
11. y= sen ( x 2)
2
14
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'
[ 1
] 1 1 2x
' '
y'= sen ( x 2) y ' = [ sen ( x 2 ) ] y ' = cos ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) y'= cos ( x 2 )
2 2 2 2
y ' =x cos ( x 2 )
12. y =7 cos ( x 2 )
'
y ' =7 sen ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) = y ' =14 x sen ( x 2)
1
13. y = sin3 ( x2 )
2
1 ' 6x
y ' = 3 sen 2 ( x 2 ) cos3 ( x 2 )( x 2 ) y'= sen 2 ( x 2 ) cos 3 ( x 2 )
2 2
14. y =
( x7 ) 3
4
8 ( 1x 2)
3 ( x7 )2 [ 8 ( 1x 2 ) ] (
4
( x7 ) ) [ 32 ( 1x
3
) ( 1x 2 ) ]
2 3 '
2 ( x7 )
1
y'=
2
[ 8 ( 1x ) ] 2 4
4 3
3 ( x7 )2 8 ( 1x 2 ) +64 x ( ( x7 )3 ) ( 1x 2) 2 ( x 7 )1
' 2 ( x7 )1
y= 8
64 ( 1x 2 )
15
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4 3
24 ( x7 )2 ( 1x 2) +128 x ( ( x7 )3 ) ( 1x 2 ) ( x7 )
1
'
y=
128 [ ( x7 ) ( 1x 2 ) ]
1 8
y= '
3
[
384 ( 1x 2 ) ( x7 ) ( 1x 2 ) +8 x ( ( x 7 ) ) ( x7 )
2 3 1
]
128 ( 1x ) 2 3
[ ( x7 ) 1
( 1x ) 2 5
]
16. y =( x2 x3 ) ( 33 x 2)
2
1. f ( x ) =3 x 4 x noponto ( 2 x , 4 y ) 0 0
y y 0 =f ' ( x 0 ) ( xx 0 )
y y 0 =f ' ( x 0 ) ( xx 0 )
1
y y 0 = ( xx 0 )
f ' ( x 0 )
'
Como j foi calculado o f ( x 0 )=8 e o ponto ( 2x , 4 y ) entao:
0 0
1 x 1
y4= ( x 2 ) y= + +4
8 8 4
x 17
y= + equao da recta normal a curva
8 4
3 x +2
2. Estudo completo da funo y=
x5
D . E { x5 0 { x 5 x R { 5 }
y=0
3 x +2 2
=0 3 x+2=0 x=
x5 3
2.3 Monotonia
17
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' '
3 x+2 3 x+2 ' (3 x +2 ) ( x5 )( 3 x+2 )( x5 )
y=
x 5
y'=
x 5( y'= ) ( x5 )2
3 x153 x2 17
y'= 2
y'=
( x5 ) ( x5 )2
y ND
2.4 Sinal de funo
x 2 5 +
3
y + ND +
'
y= '17
( x5 )[2
= y'=
] 34
( x 5 )3
x 5 +
y'' +
y
18
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2.6. Assimptotas
AH lim
x
3 x +2
x5
=
||
2
lim
3 x +2
=lim
( x)
x 3+
=lim 3=3
x5 5
x (1 )
x x x
AH =3
3 x +2 17
AV lim =lim =
x 5 x5 x 5 o
AV =5
2.7. Grfico
19
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2.8. Contradomnio
D' y ; 0 3 ;+
x3
f ( x )=
3. Estudo a funo 2
x 4
Dy . x R x 24 0 x 2
III.2. Zeros
Se y=0
x3
=0 x3=0 x=3
x 24
III.3. Monotonia
x3 ' 1 ( x 24 ) 2 x ( x 3 ) x 2 +6 x4
'
y= 2
x 4 (
'
y=
)( x2 4 )
2
y '
=
( x 24 )
2
y ' =0
2
x + 6 x4
2
=0 y ' =x 2 +6 x4
2
( x 4 )
=b2 4 ac
=3626
=20
20
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b 6 20
x1 = x 1= x 1=3+ 5 x 2=3 5
2
2a 2
2
x 2 3 5 2 3+ 5 +
y' ND 0 + ND + 0
y ND Min ND Max
Min ( 3 5 ) Max ( 3+ 5 )
x 2 3 5 2 3+ 5 +
y ND + + ND + +
2 x3 18 x 2 +24 x24
y '' = 3
( x 24 )
se y ' ' =0
3 2
x 9 x +12 x12
x 2 2 +
5 5+
33 33
2 2
21
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y'' ND + 0 ND + 0 +
3.6. Assimptotas
x3 5
AV lim = =
x2 x 24 0
x3 1
lim = =
x 2 x 24 0
AV = 2
AH . lim
x
x3
=||
x 24
3
lim
( x)
x 1
1 1
= lim =lim =0
4 x
x (x )
x x x
AH . y=0
3.7. Grfico
22
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