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s o m e t i m e a f o l l o w e r o f t h e C o u r t o f C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d ; b u t at l e n g t h h e r e t i r e d t o
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s a i d m a s s d a i l y t o t h e E n g l i s h n u n s , a n d d i e d t h e r e after t h e R e s t o r a t i o n . O f t h e E a r l
o f B r i s t o l ' s t w o d a u g h t e r s , t h e e l d e s t , M a r y , w a s m a r r i e d t o A r t h u r , E a r l o f D o n e g a l ,
a n d t h e s e c o n d , A b i g a i l , t o G e o r g e t h e s o n a n d h e i r o f J o h n F r e k e , E s q . o f S h r o w t c n ,
f u \ f 'co"*!?-' 'n D o r s e t s h i r e . T h i s L a d y d i e d y o u n g , a n d w a s b u r i e d a t S h e r b o r n e (< ).
coiiim's Peer- L o r d B r i s t o l h a s f u m e title t o n o t i c e a s a n a u t h o r . I n h i s y o u t h h e w a s a P o e t ; a n d ,
D u g d D e f i d e s h i s v e r s e s o n t h e d e a t h o f S i r H e n r y U n t o n , w r o t e o t h e r P o e m s : o n e o f w h i c h ,
obi supra. a n air f o r t h r e e v o i c e s , w a s set b y H e n r y L a w e s , a n d p u b l i s h e d in h i s " A y r e s a n d
" D i a l o g u e s , " L o n d o n , 1 6 5 3 , folio. T h e rest o f t h e E a r l ' s w o r k s w e r e a s f o l l o w s :
A T r a c t w h e r e i n is set d o w n t h o s e m o t i v e s a n d ties o f r e l i g i o n , o a t h s , l a w s , l o y a l t y ,
a n d g r a t i t u d e , w h i c h o b l i g e d h i m t o a d h e r e u n t o t h e k i n g in t h e l a t e u n h a p p y w a r s
i n E n g l a n d . A tract, w h e r e i n h e v i n d i c a t e s h i s h o n o u r a n d i n n o c e n c y f r o m
h a v i n g i n a n y k i n d d e s e r v e d t h a t i n j u r i o u s a n d m e r c i l e s s c e n s u r e o f b e i n g e x c e p t e d
f r o m p a r d o n o r m e r c y , e i t h e r in life o r f o r t u n e s . T h e s e t w o p i e c e s h a v e t h e
g e n e r a l title o f h i s " A p o l o g y . " A n A p p e n d i x t o t h e first T r a c t , p r i n t e d t o g e t h e r
w i t h b o t h p i e c e s , a n d t w o o f h i s s p e e c h e s , at C a e n , 1 6 4 7 . t h i n folio. R e p r i n t e d
i n 1 6 5 6 , q u a r t o . *' A n s w e r t o t h e D e c l a r a t i o n o f t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s , F e b r u a r y
" 1 1 t h , 1 6 4 7 , a g a i n s t m a k i n g a n y m o r e a d d r e s s e s t o t h e K i n g . " C a e n , 1 6 4 8 . q u a r t o .
" A n A d d i t i o n t o t h e a b o v e . " I n m a n u s c r i p t . " S e v e r a l L e t t e r s in t h e C a b a l a , C l a -
" r e n d o n ' s S t a t e P a p e r s , a n d t h e P a r l i a m e n t a r y H i s t o r y . " " A T r a n s l a t i o n o f P e t e r D u
" M o u l i n ' s B o o k , e n t i t u l e d , " A D e f e n c e o f t h e C a t h o l i c F a i t h , c o n t a i n e d in t h e B o o k
o f K i n g J a m e s a g a i n s t t h e A n s w e r o f N . C o e f f e t e a u , & c . " L o n d o n , 1 6 1 0 . " T h e D e d i -
(j) Waipoie's c a t i o n t o his M a j e s t y is in t h e n a m e o f J. S a n d f o r d , t h e E a r l ' s C h a p l a i n ( d ) .
V o m ^ i ^ T ' M r . W a l p o l e ' s b r i e f c h a r a c t e r o f h i s L o r d s h i p is d r a w n u p w i t h e l e g a n c e a n d spirit: " J o h n
213. ' " D i g b y , E a r l o f Bristol, f a t h e r o f t h e c e l e b r a t e d L o r d D i g b y , w a s b y n o m e a n s i n c o n -
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" a f i g u r e i n . v a r i o u s l i g h t s as f o r t u n e a n d h i s o w n t a l e n t s s e e m e d t o p r o m i s e . M a r k e d f o r a
" s e a s o n a s a f a v o u r i t e b y K i n g J a m e s , h e w a s e c l i p s e d b y t h e p r e d o m i n a n t l u s t r e o f t h e
" D u k e o f B u c k i n g h a m ; a n d t r a v e r s e d b y t h e s a m e i m p e t u o s i t y in h i s S p a n i s h n e g o t i a -
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" o v e r b e a r i n g m a n , h e r e p e l l e d a n d w o r s t e d h i m ; a n d s h o n e g r e a t l y a m o n g t h e d i s c o n -
" t e n t e d i n P a r l i a m e n t . B u t t h e v i o l e n c e s o f t h a t a s s e m b l y s o o n d i s g u s t e d h i s s o l e m n d i s -
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" f o r p o p u l a r i t y . H e w o u l d h a v e b e e n a s u i t a b l e M i n i s t e r f o r A u s t r i a n p h l e g m , o r a
" p r o p e r P a t r i o t in a D i e t , w h i c h w o u l d h a v e b e e n c o n t e n t t o p r o c e e d b y r e m o n s t r a n c e
( 0 ibid. a n d m e m o r i a l . A m e r c u r i a l f a v o u r i t e , a n d a m i l i t a r y s e n a t e , o v e r s e t h i m s V ) "
p a n , a n . L o r d C l a r e n d o n i n f o r m s u s , t h a t t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l w a s a v e r y h a n d s o m e m a n ; a n d
t h a t it w a s this c i r c u m s t a n c e w h i c h first r e c o m m e n d e d h i m t o t h e f a v o u r o f K i n g J a m e s .
B e a u t y a n d d i g n i t y o f p e r s o n s e e m t o h a v e c h a r a c t e r i z e d t h e D i g b i e s o f t h e last c e n t u r y .
T h e N o b l e H i s t o r i a n a d d s , t h a t t h o u g h L o r d B r i s t o l w a s a m a n o f g r e a t p a r t s , a n d a
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h a d l i v e d little i n c o n s o r t , h e w a s p a s s i o n a t e a n d s u p e r c i l i o u s i n C o u n c i l , a n d d i d n o t
b e a r c o n t r a d i c t i o n w i t h o u t m u c h h e a t . H e w a s , l i k e w i s e , t o o v o l u m i n o u s in d i s c o u r s e ;
(f) Hist, of the s e t n a t h e w a s n o t c o n s i d e r e d a t t h e B o a r d w i t h t h a t r e s p e c t t o w h i c h h e w a s o t h e r w i s e
Rebellion, e n t i t l e d ( / ) . ] K .
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() Athene m o n t h o f O c t o b e r 1 6 1 2 , d u r i n g h i s f a t h e r ' s first e m b a s s y in S p a i n ( a ) . I n t h a t k i n g d o m ,
oxonienies. w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n o f a j o u r n e y o r t w o i n t o E n g l a n d , h e r e c e i v e d his e d u c a t i o n , till h e
. 5 7 1 . w a j t h j r t e e n y e a r s Q f a g e ; t h e c o n s e q u e n c e o f w h i c h w a s , t h a t h e b e c a m e s u c h a m a s t e r
o f t h e S p a n i s h l a n g u a g e , t h a t h e c o u l d e v e r a f t e r s p e a k it a s w e l l a s if h e h a d b e e n a n
o r i g i n a l S p a n i a r d . W h e n , t h r o u g h t h e a l l - d i s p o s i n g p o w e r o f t h e D u k e o f B u c k i n g
h a m , t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l w a s n o t o n l y r e m o v e d f r o m C o u r t , b u t c o m m i t t e d t o t h e T o w e r ,
o u r y o u n g L o r d w a s s e n t w i t h a p e t i t i o n t o t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s in h i s f a t h e r ' s b e h a l f ,
w h i c h h e d e l i v e r e d at t h e b a r , a n d a c c o m p a n i e d it w i t h a s h o r t s p e e c h o f h i s o w n . T h e
c o n f i d e n c e w i t h w h i c h h e s p o k e it, in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h h i s t e n d e r y e a r s , h i s d e l i c a t e
f e a t u r e s , a n d a v e r y g r a c e f u l p e r s o n , m a d e a g o o d i m p r e s s i o n u p o n t h a t b o d y , a n d
(A) Supplement c a u s e d h i m t o b e l o o k e d u p o n a s a y o u t h o f g r e a t e x p e c t a t i o n A f t e r a n e x c e l l e n t
state* Papers. c o u r s e o f p r e p a r a t o r y l e a r n i n g , h e w a s s e n t t o t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f O x f o r d , a n d e n t e r e d a
Vol. 111. p. li. N o b l e m a n o f M a g d a l e n C o l l e g e , o n t h e f i f t e e n t h o f A u g u s t , 1 6 2 6 . H e r e h e d e r i v e d
c o n s i d e r a b l e a d v a n t a g e f r o m t h e d i r e c t i o n s a n d c o n v e r s a t i o n o f P e t e r H e y l i n , a F e l l o w o f
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ubi supra. g u i s h e d b y h i s r e m a r k a b l e i m p r o v e m e n t in all k i n d s o f l i t e r a t u r e . O n q u i t t i n g t h e
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 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) . m

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ticular, t o t h e m o s t c u r i o u s p a r t s o f p h i l o s o p h y , a n d w a s e x c e l l e n t l y v e r s e d in t h e L a t i n
a n d G r e e k F a t h e r s , - a n d in t h o s e c o n t r o v e r s i e s in w h i c h t h e i r a u t h o r i t y w a s in t h a t a g e
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w r o t e a d i s c o u r s e , a d d r e s s e d t o h i s r e l a t i o n S i r K e n e l m e D i g b y , a g a i n s t t h e C a t h o l i c
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t i m a t e l y c o n v e r l a n t ; a n d f r o m h i s p e n p r o c e e d e d n o t o n l y s e r i o u s c o m p o s i t i o n s , o f a
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ill u s a g e h e h a d r e c e i v e d . H i s o w n w r o n g s b e i n g t h u s a d d e d t o t h o s e w h i c h his f a t h e r
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f o r e l e e n w h a t c o u n s e l s h e i n t e n d e d t o f o l l o w . B u t this s t a g e a l l o w e d so s h o r t a t i m e f o r
a c t i o n , t h a t n o p o s s i b l e c o n c l u s i o n c o u l d b e m a d e ; f o r o n t h e fifth o f M a y t h e P a r l i a m e n t
w a s d i s s o l v e d . T h i s a b r u p t m e a s u r e o n l y i n v o l v e d t h e K i n g in still g r e a t e r difficulties.
I n a f e w m o n t h s , t h e d i s c o n t e n t s o f t h e p e o p l e w e r e g r o w n h i g h e r t h a n e v e r , a n d t h e
r e v e r e n c e t o G o v e r n m e n t m u c h i m p a i r e d . N e v e r t h e l e s s , at t h i s crisis, C h a r l e s t h e F i r s t
w a s a g a i n laid u n d e r t h e n e c e s s i t y o f h a v i n g r e c o u r s e t o t h e p a r l i a m e n t a r y a d v i c e a n d
a s s i s t a n c e o f h i s s u b j e c t s . W h e n t h e f a m o u s L o n g P a r l i a m e n t m e t o n t h e t h i r d o f
N o v e m b e r , 1 6 4 0 , L o r d D i g b y t o o k h i s f e a t i n it a s t h e s e c o n d t i m e a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f o r
t h e C o u n t y o f D o r s e t , t o w h i c h h o n o u r h e h a d b e e n e l e c t e d a s u n a n i m o u s l y a s b e f o r e ;
a n d it w a s s o o n d i s c e r n e d t h a t h e m e a n t t o m a k e h i m s e l f o f a s m u c h c o n s e q u e n c e a s h e
p o s s i b l y c o u l d . I f a n y t h i n g w a s s p o k e n t o o b l u n t l y a n d r u d e l y a g a i n s t t h e G o v e r n m e n t ,
h e r e l u m e d t h e a r g u m e n t a n d p o l i l h e d it, r e n d e r e d t h e e d g e m o r e ssiarp to w o u n d , a n d
d r e s s e d t h e g e n e r a l c h a r g e w i t h s u c h l i v e l y i n s t a n c e s , a s a d d e d t o t h e sensibility o f t h e
e n o r m i t y d e s c r i b e d . A l l this, u n i t e d w i t h t h e m o s t p l e a s i n g m a n n e r o f d e l i v e r y a n d
s p e a k i n g , a n d a p e r s o n u n c o m m o n l y b e a u t i f u l a n d g r a c e f u l , w o n d e r f u l l y r e c o n c i l e d h i m
t o h i s a u d i t o r s . W h e n a n y g r i e v a n c e s in r e l i g i o n w e r e t o u c h e d u p o n , a n d t h e G o v e r n
m e n t o f t h e C h u r c h a s s a u l t e d o r r e p r o a c h e d , h e i m p r o v e d t h e d i s c o u r s e w i t h m o r e b i t t e r
n e s s a n d a n i m o s i t y , t r e a t i n g o f t h e t h i n g s h e w o u l d b e t h o u g h t t o v a l u e g r a v e l y , a n d ,
a s it s e e m e d , w i t h p i e t y a n d d e v o t i o n . W i t h r e g a r d t o t h e p e r s o n s a g a i n s t w h o m h e
f o u n d it a c c e p t a b l e t o i n v e i g h , h e e x p o s e d t h e m w i t t i l y , p l e a l a n t l y , a n d s c o r n f u l l y ; s o
t h a t t h e M e m b e r s o f t h e H o u s e w h o t o o k t h e l e a d in o p p o s i t i o n t o t h e H i e r a r c h y , b e l i e v e d
t h a t t h e y h a d g o t t e n a c h a m p i o n t o t h e i r o w n d e s i r e , w h o w o u l d b e e q u a l t o t h e i r s t o u t e s t
3 a d v e r s a r i e s ,
 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) .
(/) clarendon, a d v e r s a r i e s , a n d e v e n t o t h e B i s h o p s t h e m s e l v e s ( / ) . T h a t this
ubisupra. e l o q u e n c e is, i n g e n e r a l , t r u e , is e v i d e n t f r o m s u c h o f h i s s p e e c
a n d w h i c h h a v e a p e r s p i c u i t y a n d e l e g a n c e o f c o m p o s i t i o n b e y o
o f t h e t i m e . A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e y w i l l f i n d a p r o p e r p l a c e in o u r
t h a t a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n d e l i v e r e d b y h i m w a s o n t h e n i n t h
H o u s e o f C o m m o n s r e s u m e d t h e affair o f g r i e v a n c e s . U p o n
h i m s e l f a s w i l l b e s e e n b e l o w [ A ] , T h e n e x t s p e e c h w h i c h w
\_A] U p o n this occasion be expressed himself as "will be
s e e n belonx>.\
4 M r . Speaker,
' Y O U h a v e received n o w a s o l e m n account,
f r o m most of the Shires o f E n g l a n d , o f the several
grievances a n d oppressions they sustain j but nothing
' as yet f r o m Dorsetlhiie. Sir, I w o u l d not h a v e y o u
4 think that I serve for a land of Goslien ; that w e live
4 there in sun-fliine, whilst darkness a n d plagues over-
spread t h e rest o f the land. A s little w o u l d I h a v e
y o u think, that, being u n d e r the f a m e (harp m e a s u r e
as the rest, w e 'are either insensible or b e n u m b e d ,
o r that t h a t S h i r e w a n t e t h a s e r v a n t to r e p r e s e n t its
' sufferings boldly.
It is true, M r . S p e a k e r , t h e C o u n t y o f D o r s e t
h a t h n o t d i g e s t e d its c o m p l a i n t s i n t o t h a t f o r m a l
w a y of petition, w h i c h othets, I fee, h a v e d o n e ;
but h a v e intrusted t h e m to m y partner's, a n d m y
delivery of t h e m , b y w o r d of m o u t h , to this h o n o u r -
able H o u s e . A n d there w a s g i v e n unto u, in
4 the C o u n t y - C o u r t , the d a y of our election, a short
m e m o r i a l of the heads o f t h e m , W h i c h w a s read in
the hearing of the F r e e h o l d e r s there presenr, w h o
all u n a n i m o u s l y , w i t h o n e voice, signified u p o n
e a c h p a r t i c u l a r , t h a t it w a s t h e i r d e s i r e t h a t w e f l i o u l d
represent t h e m to the Parliament ; w h i c h , w i t h
y o u r leave, I shall do, a n d these they are :
First, T h e great a n d intolerable b u r d e n of S h i p -
M o n e y , t o u c h i n g the legality w h e r e o f they are
unsatisfied.
Secondly, 1 T h e m a n y great abuses in prelling of
soldiers, a n d raising m o n i e s c o n c e r n i n g the f a m e .
Thirdly, ' T h e M u l t i t u d e o f M o n o p o l i e s .
Fourthly, 4 T h e n e w canons, a n d the oath to b e
t a k e n b y L a w y e r s , Divines, bfc.
Fifthly, 4 T h e oath required to be taken b y C h u r c h -
officers, to present a c c o r d i n g to articles n e w a n d
' unusual.
Besides this, there w a s likewise presented to us,
b y a very considerable part o f the C l e r g y of that
county, a note o f r e m e m b r a n c e containing these
t w o particulars :
First, T h e imposition o f the n e w oath required
to b e t a k e n b y all M i n i s t e r s a n d others ; w h i c h t h e y
conceive to b e illegal, a n d such as they c a n n o t take
' w i t h a g o o d conscience.
* Secondly, 4 T h e requiring o f a pretended bene-
' volence, but, in effect, a subsidy, u n d e r the penalty
of suspension, e x c o m m u n i c a t i o n , a n d deprivation,
a n d all benefit o f a p p e a l e x c l u d e d .
44 T h i s is all w e h a d p a r t i c u l a r l y i n c h a r g e ; b u t ,
that I m a y not a p p e a r a remiss servant o f m y C o u n -
try a n d o f this H o u s e , give m e leave to a d d s o m e -
' w h a t o f m y o w n sense.
4 T r u l y , M r . Speaker, the injurious sufferings o f
s o m e w o r t h y M e m b e r s of this H o u s e , since the dis-
solution o f t h e t w o last P a r l i a m e n t s , are so frelh in
m y m e m o r y , that I w a s resolved not to o p e n m y
m o u t h in a n y business, w h e r e i n f r e e d o m a n d plain
4 dealing w e r e requisite, untill such time as the breach
o f o u r privileges w e r e vindicated, a n d safety o f
4 speech settled.
' B u t since such excellent M e m b e r s o f o u r H o u s e
4 t h o u g h t fit, t h e o t h e r d a y , t o l a y a s i d e t h a t c a u t i o n ,
4 a n d to discharge their souls so freely in the w a y o f
4 zeal to his Majesty's service, a n d their C o u n t r y ' s
4 good, I shall interpret that consilience o f theirs for a
4 lucky o m e n to this Parliament; a n d , w i t h y o u r per-
4 mission, license m y t h o u g h t s t o o a little.
4 M r . Speaker, u n d e r those heads w h i c h I pro-
4 posed to you, as the grievances o f Dorsetshire, I
4 suppose are c o m p r i z e d the greatest part of the mis-
4 chiefs w h i c h have, o f late years, laid battery either
4 to our estates or consciences.
4 Sir, I d o n o t c o n c e i v e this, t h e fit s e a s o n t o s e a r c h
c h a r a c t e r o f L o r d D i g b y ' i
h e s a s a r e ilill p r e s e r v e d i
n d t h e c o m m o n s t a n d a r d
n o t e s . T h e first s p e e c h
o f N o v e m b e r , w h e n t h e
this o c c a s i o n h e e x p r e s s e d
e h a v e u p o n r e c o r d is i n
p u r s u a n c e
a n d ventilate particulars ; yet, T profess, I c a n n o t
f o r b e a r to a d d s o m e w h a t to w h a t w a s laid, the last
day, b y a learned g e n t l e m a n ot the long robe, c o n
cerning the acts of that revetend n e w lyt.ol, m a d e
out ot a n old convocation. D o t h not eveiy Par
l i a m e n t - m a n ' s h e a r t rife to, f e e t h e P t e i a t e s t h u s u s u r p
to ihemselves the g r a n d p r e - e m i n e n c e o f Parliament?
T h e granting of subsidies, a n d that u n d e r so pre-"
posterous a n a m e as of a benevolence, tor that w h i c h
is a m a l e v o l e n c e i n d e e d : a m a l e v o l e n c e , I a m c o n *
fident, in those that g r a n t e d it, against P a r l i a m e n t s j
a n d a m a l e v o l e n c e s u r e l y in t h o s e t h a t r e f u t e it,
a g a i n s t t h o s e t h a t g r a n t e d it ; ( f o r h o w c a n it i n c i t e
less, w h e n t h e y fee w r e s t e d f r e m t h e m w h a t t h e y
are n o t willing to part with, u n d e r n o less a p e n a l t y
than the loss both of h e a v e n a n d eaith ; of h e a v e n ,
b y e x c o m m u n i c a t i o n ; a n d o f the earth, by depiiva*
tion ; a n d this w i t h o u t r e d e m p t i o n b y a p p e a l ?) w h a t
g o o d Christian c a n think with patience o n such a n
e n s n a r i n g o a t h , as that w h i c h is, b y the n e w c a n o n s ,
enjoined to b e t a k e n b y all Ministers, L a w y e r s , P h y
sicians, a n d G r a d u a t e s in the Univeisnies ? W h e r e ,
besides s w e a r i n g such an impertinence, as that
things necessary to salvation are contained in dilci*
; pline; besides swearing those to be ot divine sights
w h i c h , a m o n g s t the l e a r n e d , n e v e r p r e t e n d e d to it,
; a? the arch things in our hierarchy; besides fwcar-
; ing not to consent to the c h a n g e o f that, w h i c h the
1 S t a t e m a y , u p o n g r e a t r e a s o n , t h i n k fit t u a l t e r ?
besides the bottomless perjuty o f an Etcatera; b ikies
1 all this, M r . S p e a k e r , m e n m u s t s w e a r that t h e y
1 swear freely a n d voluntarily w h a t they art c o m p e l l e d
' u n t o ; a n d lastly, that t h e y take that o a t h in the)
' literal sense, w h e r e o f n o t w o of the m a k e r s t h e m -
' selves, that I h a v e heard of, couid ever agree in the
1 understanding.
' I n a w o r d , M r . S p e a k e r , to tell y o u m y o p i n i o n
4 o f t h i s o a t h , it is a c o v e n a n t a g a i n s t t h e K i n g , f o r
4 B i s h o p s a n d H i e r a r c h y , as t h e S c o t s c o v e n a n t is
' against t h e m ; orly so m u c h w o r s e than that of the
4 Scots, as they a d m i t not ot the s u p r e m a c y in eccle-
4 siastical a f f a i r s , a n d w e a r e s w o t n u n t o ir.
N o w , M r . Speaker, for those particular h e a d s
o f grievances w h e r e b y o u r estates a n d properties
4 are so radically i n v a d e d ; 1 suppose, as 1 laid before,
' t h a t it is n o s t a s o n n o w t o e n ' e r i n t o a strict d i s c u s -
' s i o n o f t h e m : o n l y t h u s m u c h 1 s o , ill f a y o f t h e m
' w i t h application to the c o u n t y for w h i c h I serve,
4 that n o n e c a n m o r e justly c o m p l a i n ; since n o n e c a n
4 m o r e justly challenge e x e m p t i o n f r o m iuch b u r d e n s
4 t h a n D o r i e t s h i i e , w h e t h e r y o u c o n s i d e r it a s a c o u n t y
4 subsisting m u c h b y trade, or n o n e oi the most p o p u -
lous, or e x p o s e d as m u c h as a n y to foreign invasion.
4 But, alas! M r . Speaker, pat ticular lamentation*
4 are hardly distinguisoable in universal groans.
4 M r . S p e a k e r , it h a t h b e e n a m e t a p h o r f r e q u e n t l y
in P a r l i a m e n t ; a n d , if m y m e m o r y fail m e n o t ,
w a s m a d e use o f in ihe L o r d - K e e i e r s speech at the
o p e n i n g o f t h e last, 44 T h a t w h a t m o n e y K i n g *
r a i s e d f r o m t h e i r s u b j e c t s , it w a s b u t a s v a p o u r s
d r a w n u p f r o m the earth b y the fun, to b e distilled
4 u p o n it a g a i n i n f r u c t i f y i n g s o o v v e r s . " T h e e n m -
4 parifon, M r . Speaker, hath h e M of late years, in
4 this k i n g d o m , too unluckily. W h a t hath b e e n
4 raised f r o m the subject b y those violent attractions
4 h a t h b e e n f o r m e d , it is t r u e , i n t o c l o u d s ; b u t h o w ?
4 T o d a r k e n the son's o w n lustre ; a n d hath fallen
4 again u p o n the lanJ, on?y in liailstones a n d m i l d e w s ,
4 t o b a t t e r a n d p r o s t r a t e still m o r e a n d m o r e o u r
4 liberties, a n d to blast a n d wither o u r affections, h a d
4 n o t t h e l a t t e r o f t h e s e b e e n still k e p t a l i v e b y o u r
4 K i n g ' s o w n personal virtues ; w h i c h will ever pre-
4 s e r v e h i m , i n s p i g h t o f all ill c o u n s e l l o r s , a s a c r e d
object b o t h os o u r admiration a n d o u r love.
M r . S p e a k e r , it h a t h b e e n o l t e n said in this
4 H o u s e , and, I (hink, can never be too often repeated,
. 4 tba
 D I G B
p u r s u a n c e o f t h e s l i m e s u b j e c t [ 5 ] . O n t h e 1 9 t h o s J a n u a r y , 1 6 4 0 - 4 1 , h e w a s c a l l e d
f o r t h t o d i s p l a y his e l o q u e n c e o n a v e r y i m p o r t a n t t o p i c . T h i s w a s t h e bill f o r p r e
v e n t i n g
t h a t ' t h e K i n g s o f E n g l a n d c a n d o n o w r o n g :' b u t
t h o u g h they could, M r . Speiker, yet Princes h a v e
n o p a r t i n t h e ill o f t h o s e a c t i o n s w h i c h t h e i r j u d g e s
assure t h e m to be just ; their counsellors, that they
are p r u d e n t ; a n d their divines, that they are c o n
scientious.
* T h i s consideration, M r . S p e a k e r , leadeth m e
t o t h a t w h i c h is m u c h m o r e n e c e s s a r y , at t h i s sea
son, than a n y farther laying o p e n of o u r miseries;
that is, the w a y to t h e r e m e d y , b y s e e k i n g to re
m o v e f r o m o u r Sovereign such unjust judges, such
pernicious counsellors, a n d such dilconseientious di
vines, as have, o f late years, b y their w i c k e d prac
tices, p r o v o k e d aspersions u p o n the g o v e r n m e n t o f
(he most gracious a n d best 01 K i n g s
* M r . S p e a k e r , let m e n o t b e m i s u n d e r s t o o d ; I
' level at n o m a n w i t h a fore-laid d e s i g n ; let t h e
' faults, a n d those well proved, lead us to the m e n ;
* it is t h e o n l y t r u e p a r l i a m e n t a r y m e t h o d , a n d t h e
* o n l y fit o n e t o i n c l i n e o u r S o v e r e i g n : f o r it c a n n o
* m o r e consist w i t h a gracious a n d righteous Prince,
' to expose his servants u p o n irregular prejudices,
' than with a wise Prince to with-hold malefactors,
1 h o w great soever, f r o m the course of orderly justice.
* L e t m e acquaint y o u , M r . Speaker, w i t h an
a p h o r i s m in H i p p o c r a t e s , n o less authentic, I think,
i n t h e b o d y p o l i t i c t h a n i n t h e n a t u r a l : t h i s it is,
M r . S p e a k e r : bodies, to be t h o r o u g h l y a n d effec
tually p u r g e d , m u s t h a v e their h u m o u r s first m a d e
fluid a n d m o v e a b l e . T h e h u m o u r s , that I u n d e r
stand to h a v e c a u s e d all t h e desperate m a l a d i e s o f
t h i s n a t i o n , a r e t h e ill m i n i s t e r s : t o p u r g e t h e m
a w a y c l e a r l y , t h e y m u s t b e first l o o s e n e d , u n s e t t l e d ,
a n d extenuated; w h i c h c a n n o w a y be effected w i t h
a gracious master, b u t b y truly representing t h e m
u n w o r t h y o f his protection. A n d this leadeth m e
to m y m o t i o n , w h i c h is, t h a t a select C o m m i t t e e
m a y b e a p p o i n t e d t o d r a w , o u t o f all that h a t h h e r e
b e e n represented, such a remonstrance as m a y b e a
faithful a n d lively representation unto his M a j e s t y
of the deplorable estate o f this his k i n g d o m ; a n d
such as m a y happily point o ut u n t o his clear a n d
e x c e l l e n t j u d g m e n t , t h e p e r n i c i o u s a u t h o r s o f it :
a n d that this r e m o n s t r a n c e b e i n g d r a w n , w e m a y ,
w i t h all s p e e d , repair to t h e L o r d s , a n d desire t h e m
t o j o i n w i t h u s i n it. A n d this is m y h u m b l e
(1) Part. Hist. m o t i o n (i).*
Vol. IX.
p - t i g 124.
[ 5 ] T h e n e x t s p e e c h i v h i c h - w e h a v e u p o n record is
in pursuante of the s a m e subject.]
' M r . Speaker,
T h i s h a p p y m e e t i n g is t o b e m o a n a n d r e d r e s s
* the u n h a p p y state o f this c o m m o n w e a l t h . L e t
* m e have, I beseech you, y o u r leave to give you, in
* a w o r d , a short v i e w o f o u r griefs ; then fee w h e n c e
they flow. O u r laws, o u r liberties, o u r lives, and,
" w h i c h is t h e life o f all, o u r r e l i g i o n , all w h i c h h a v e
been, b y the e n d e a v o u r s of so m a n y ages, secured,
a n d m a d e so m u c h o u r o w n , c a n scarcely n o w be
called ours. O u r laws, the only sinews a n d liga
m e n t s o f o u r estates, w h i c h m o u l d r u n in a n e v e n
stream, are n o w m a d e to disdain their banks, a n d to
overflow a n d d r o w n those fields, w h i c h they should
gently refresh; o u r liberties, the very spirit a n d
essence o s o u r weal, w h i c h should differ us f r o m
slaves, a n d speak us E n g l i s h m e n , are torn a w a y b y
t h e m , w h o , e v e n while they take t h e m f r o m us,
c a n n o t b u t confess they are o u r p r o p e r due-. A i e
not o u r lives in danger, w h e n a p r o v o k e d e n e m y ,
d i s g u i s e d l i k e a f r i e n d , is, a s it w e r e , s u f f e r e d ( b e c a u s e
indirectly a n d in vain resisted) to c o m e almost into
o u r b o s o m ; to rifle s o m e o f their g o o d s , o t h e r s o f
their loyalty, w h i c h p e r h a p s they could not, neither
* w o u l d h a v e touched, m i g h t w e , w i t h united force,
* h a v e lellsted ? A n d , lastly, w h i c h is t h e s o u l o f all
' o u r grievances, o u r Religion, w h i c h should h a v e
* b e e n o u r c o r d i a l in all o u r d i s t e m p e r s , like a forced
* v i r g i n , e v e r l a m e n t s t h a t h e r p u r e i n n o c e n c y is t a k e n
f r o m her. A n d surely all these effects m u s t h a v e
their causes.
T h a t w e h a v e jast a n d wise laws, w e m a y t h a n k
V o l . V .
Y ( G e o r g e ) . 2
those K i n g s that m a d e t h e m ; the settled exposition
o f just circumscribed laws, to b i n d a n d d e f e n d t h e
subject, w e o w e to the judges of f o r m e r times, a d
that they are so well f r a m e d a n d useful, as to c o n
tain e n o u g h to m a k e a g o o d K i n g a n d people p e r
fectly safe a n d h a p p y .
* W h a t d o w e not o w e to those g r a v e crunselloi,
w h o sat h e r e b e f o r e us, a n d that outlive the m a l i c e
o f s o m e u n b o u n d e d spirits? W e ;ire b e h o l d e n t o
t h e m for retrieving o u r laws f r o m ruin, with their
lives a n d fortunes ; w e call t h e m ours, because w e
are freely b o r n to t h e m , as to the air w e b i e a t h e in ;
w e claim t h e m , a n d should possess t h e m u n d e r the
p r o t e c t i o n o f o u r g r a c i o u s K i n g , w h o is t h i i r g r e a t
patron, a n d disposes t h e m not inconsiderately j but
b y the advice of those learned expositors ot t h e m ,
the judges, a n d those w h o m he trusts to be his great
a n d taithtul counsellor?. It these p r e v e r t t h e g r o u n d
a n d m e a n i n g ot the law, a n d contract the p o w e r o f
it, o r m a k e it s p e a k l o u d e r o r softer, a s t h e y t h e m
selves a r e t u n e d lor it, t h e b l a m e s h o u l d d e s e r v e d l y
fail o n those mistrusted ministers, w h o are the I ase
betrayers of his Majesty's h o n o u r , a n d his people's
rights ; to vindicate w h i c h , necessity hath h e r e
assembled y o u .
' M r . S p e a k e r , is n o t h i s o f f e n c e a n d m a l i c e as
g r e a t w h o s h o u l d u n d e r m i n e m y t e n u r e , a n d stir-
' reptitioully deprive m e o f m y evidence b y w h i c h I
' hold m y inheritance, as he w h o , b y violence, should
' w r e s t it f r o m m e i T h e S c o t s w e h a v e h e a r d b r a n d e d
' as traitors, because t h e v have, contrary to the l a w o f
' nations a n d their loyalty, i n v a d e d o u r k i n g d o m in
' a r m s ; w h a t o t h e r title h a v e t h e y m e r i t e d , w h o h a v e
' i n v a d e d o u r laws a n d liberties, the precious e vi-
' d e u c e b y w h i c h w e should freely e n j o y ourselves a n d
1 o u r estates f T h e first w e m a y relist a n d d r i v e f o r t h
' b y u n i t e d force ; a n d it will b e called p i e t y to o a r
' K i n g a u d C o u n t r y ; if force b e laid against the other,
4 it will b e stiled r e b e l l i o n .
' W h a t n o w r e m a i n s but that w e should use the
1 l a w ; w h i c h , b e c a u s e it h a t h b e e n i n v e n t e d a n d
' t u r n e d a g a i n s t us, c o n t r a r y to its o w n n a t u r a l a n d
' p l a i n disposition, s h o u l d n o w right us a n d itself against
' o u r a d v e r s a r i e s j S u r e l y t h e l a w is n o t so w e a k a n d
' improvident, to take care for others, a n d never pro-
' vide for its o w n d e f e n c e against those ( b e t h e y P e e r s
o r P e o p l e ) t h a t h a v e a b u s e d it. I f w e e x a m i n e t h e
' l a w w e l l , it w i l l n i l u s w h a t h a t h b e e n t h e r e w a r d
o f soch ambitious m e n as h a v e m o n o p o l i z e d a n d
abused the King's authority ; w h a t h a t h b e e n the
4 p u n i s h m e n t o f such as h a v e betrayed the w e l l - m e a n -
1 ing subject to the K i n g ' s displeasure, a n d his Prince's
' counsel to his enemies; w h a t they deserve, w h o
' h a v e raised m o u n t a i n s o f m o n o p o l i e s , heap.- o f i m -
' positions, oceans o f grievances ; w h a t haih b e e n
the p u n i s h m e n t of such as belied justice a n d their
' conscience, a n d h a v e m a d e truth a n d honesty out o f
' fasoion.
4 A n d , lastly, if n o p e n a l t y b e f o u n d for these, surely
' t h e r e is s o m e for s u c h as h a v e s o d i l g u i l e d l e l i g i o a
4 in fantastic dresses, that H e a v e n a n d E irth c a n n o t bat
' b e a n g r y t o s e e it : a n d , i n t h e i r p o l i t i c p r i d e , h a v e
' b e e n so long m o u l d i n g a n e w b o t h State a n d C h u r c h
' f o r t h e i r o w n a d v a n t a g e , rill t h e y h a v e , b y t h e i r
< too m u c h order, put all out o f f r a m e ; a n d m a d e
u s o b j e c t s o f pity, a n d t h e m s e l v e s o f h a t e . W h a t if,
' for these innovations, w e innovate a n e x e m p l a r y
4 p u n i s h m e n t ? T h e s e are the g r o u n d - w o r k ot o u r
miseiies : a n d surely, M r . Speaker, there are t o o
4 m a n y o f all t h e s e forts, w h i c h , l i k e e n v i o u s c l o u d s ,
4 h i n d e r us f r o m the g r a c i o u s stiine o u r f u n intends u s ;
4 therefore for his gi eater lustre, a n d o u r m o r e assured
4 comfort, let us e n d e a v o u r to r e m o v e these inter-
4 posers ; that h e m a y freely see into his people's
4 bosoms, a n d lead, in their hearts, firm characters
4 o f loyally a n d glad o b e d i e n c e ; w h i c h the practice*
4 of these latter limes h a v e e n d e a v o u r e d to obliterate,
' but in vain.
4 I shall not dare to b o r r o w o n e m i n u t e m o r e ; b u t
4 n o w m a k e a n end, t h o u g h I h a v e but n e w b e g u n .
4 If w e consider the just extent os our grievances,
the d e e p search o f this w o u n d I leave to better
l i t ' abilities :
 > I G B
V e n t i n g i n c o n v e n i e n c e s w h i c h h a p p e n b y l o n g i n t e r m i s s i o n o f P a r l i a m e n t s .
t i m e n t s a d v a n c e d b y h i m * in f a v o u r o f f r e q u e n t P a r l i a m e n t s , a r e s o t r u l y p a t r i o t i c , a n d
s o c o n g e n i a l , w e d o u b t n o t , t o t h e f e e l i n g s o f m o s t o f o u r R e a d e r s , t h a t t h e y w i l l p e
r u s e t h e m w i t h p e c u l i a r p l e a s u r e [ C j .
* abilities : I beseech y o U think not that I sigh out
' these complaint?, u n d e r t a k i n g to instruct the grave
4 council ot this G r e a t A s s e m b l y ; m y infant-advice
* p r e s u m e s n o t t o r e a c h s o h i g h : it is b u t to" let y o u
* see h o w m u c h t h e slightest p a r t s ot' this a b u s e d c o m -
' m o n w e a l t h are not only m a d e sensible of o u r
' w r o n g s , b u t that w h a t w e feel is far e x c e e d e d b y
' the numberle's n u m b e r of o u r just fears ; w h i c h
4 would, before this time, h a v e utterly distracted us,
* h a d not our G r e a t Physician n o w , at length, applied
* bis sovereign r e m e d y to k e e p u p o u r fain'ing h o p e s ;
* b y w h i c h w e m u s t either s t a n d or fall (2).'
[(?] T h a t they w i l l perust than -with peculiar plea
sure.}
4 M r . S p e a k e r *
' I rife n o t n o w , w i t h a n intent to speak to the
* f r a m e a n d structure o f this bill, n o r m u c h b y w a y
* of a n s w e r to objections that m a y b e m a d e ; 1 h o p e
4 there will be n o occasion for this, but that w e shall
' c o n c u r , all u n a n i m o u s l y , in w h a t c o n c e r n e t h all so
* universally.
* O n l y , Sir, b y w a y o f preparation, to the e n d that
w e m a y not be discouraged in this great w o r k b y
* difficulties t h a t m a y a p p e a r i n t h e w a y o f it, I (hall
* deliver u n t o y o u m y apprehensions in general o f
* the vast i m p o r t a n c e a n d necessity that w e Ihould g o
' t h r o u g h w i t h it.
* T h e result o f m y sense is, in short, this ; that,
* unless there be s o m e such course settled for the fre-
* q u e n t c o n v e n i n g o f Parliaments, as m a y not b e
* eluded, neither the people can b e prosperous a n d
* secure, nor the K i n g himself solidly h a p p y . I take
* this to b e the u n u m nccejsarium : let us p r o c u r e this,
* a n d all o u r o t h e r desires will effect t h e m s e l v e s . I f
4 this bill m i s c a r r y , I shall h a v e n o p u b l i c h o p e s left
* m e ; a n d , o n c e past, I shall b e freed o f all p u b l i c
fears.
T h e essentialntfs, Sir. o f frequent Parliaments to
* the happiness of this k i n g d o m m i g h t be inferred
* u n t o y o u b y the reason o f contraries, a n d f r o m the
* woful experience w h i c h f o r m e r times h a v e h a d of the
4 mischievous effects o f a n y long intermission of t h e m .
4 But, M r . Speaker, w h y should w e c l i m b higher
* than the level w e are o n ; or think further than o u r
4 horizon ; or h a v e recourse for e x a m p l e s in this
4 business to a n y other p r o m p t u a r y than o u r o w n
4 m e m o r i e s , nay, t h a n the experience almost of the
4 youngest here i
4 T h e reflection, b a c k w a r d , o n the distractions o f
4 f o r m e r times u p o n intermission o f Parliaments, a n d
4 the consideration, fotward, of the m i chiefs likely
4 still t o g r o w f r o m t h e f a m e c a u s e , i f n o t r e m o v e d ,
4 d o u b t l e s s l y g a v e first life a n d b e i n g to t h o s e t w o d o r -
4 m a n t statutes of E d w a r d III. for the yearly h o l d i n g
4 o f a P a r l i a m e n t ; a n d shall not the fresh a n d bleeding
4 experitnee, in the present a ge of miseries f r o m the
* f a m e sprinp, not to b e paralleled in a n y other,
* obtain a w a k e n i n g , a resurrection o f t h e m ?
4 T h e intestine distempers, Sir, o f f o r m e r ages
4 u p o n the w a n t o f Parliaments, m a y a p p e a r to h a v e
4 h a d foitie o t h e r c o - o p e r a t i v e causes ; as, s o m e t i m e s ,
4 unsuccessful w a r s a b r o a d ; sometimes, the absence
4 o f t h e P r i n c e ; s o m e t i m e s , c o m p e t i t i o n s o f titles to
4 the C r o w n ; sometimes, perhaps, the vices o f the
4 K i n g himself.
4 L e t us enly consider the posture, the aspect o f
4 this State, b o t h t o w a r d itself a n d t h e rest o f t h e
' w o r l d ; the person of our Sovereign, a n d the nature
4 of o u r suffering, since the third of his reign : a n d
4 there c a n b e n o cause, colourably inveniible, w h e r e -
4 unto to attribute t h e m , b u t the intei mission, or,
* w h i c h is w o r s e , t h e u n d u e f r u s t r a t i o n o f P a r l i a m e n t s ,
4 b y the u n l u c k y use, if not abuse, o f prerogative in
dissolving t h e m .
4 T a k e into y o u r view, M r . Speaker, a k ' n g d o m
4 in a state o f the greatest quiet a n d security that c a n
4 b e fancied ; not o n l y enjoying the calmest peace
Y ( G e o r g e ) .
T h e s e n
O n e
4 itself, b u t to i m p r o v e a n d s e c u r e its h a p p y C o n d i -
4 tion, all the r e d o f the w o r l d at the f a m e t i m e in
' tempest*, in combustions, in u n c o m p o f a b l e wars.
4 T a k e into y o u r view, Sir, a K i n g , S o v e r e i g n o f
4 t h r e e k i n g d o m s , b y a c o n c e n t r i n g o f all t h e R o y a l
' lines in his person, as indisputably as a n y m a t h e m a -
4 tical o n e s in E u c l i d ; a K i n g firm ? n d k n o w i n g in
4 his religion, e m i n e n t in v i m i e ; a K i n g , that hath,
4 in his o w n time, g i v e n all the rights a n d liberties
4 ot his subjects a m o r e clear a n d a m p l e confirmation,
4 fieily a n d graciously (1 m e a n in the petition o f right)
4 than a n y ot his predecessors, ( w h e n the people h a d
4 t h e m at advantage), extortedly. T h i s is o n e m a p
4 o f E n g l a n d , M r . S p e a k e r .
' A m a n , Sir, that should present u n t o y o u , n o W j
4 a k i n g d o m , g r o a n i n g u n d e r that s u p r e m e l a w w h i c h
4 falus populi periclitata w o u l d enact ; the liberty, the
4 property, ot the subject f u n d a m e n t a l l y subverted,
4 ravislied a w a y b y the violence ol a pretended neces-
4 siiy ; a triple C r o w n s h a k e n w i t h d i s t e m p e r s ; m e n
4 o t the best conscience r e a d y to fly into the wilder-
4 ness for religion ! w o u l d net o n e swear that this
4 w e r e the antipodes to the o t h e r ? A n d yer, let m e
4 tell y o u , M r . S p e a k e r , t h i s is a m a p o f E n g l a n d
4 too, a n d b o t h at t h e f a m e t i m e b u t too true.
A s it c a n n o t b e d e n i e d , M r . S p e a k e r , t h a t , s i n c e
4 the Conquest, there* hath not b e e n in this k i n g d o m
4 a fuller c o n c u r r e n c e of-aircircumstances in the for-
4 m e r character, to h a v e m a d e a k i n g d o m h a p p y ,
4 t h a n f o r t h e s e t w e l v e y e a r s last p a s t ; so it is most:
4 certain, that there h a t h n o t b e e n , in all that d e d u c -
4 to swift ruin a n d desolation.
I will b e bold to say M r . S p e a k e r ( a n d I t h a n k
4 G o d , w e h a v e so g o o d a K i n g , u n d e r w h o m w e
4 m a y s p e a k b o l d l y o f t h e a b u s e o f h i s p o w e r b y ill
4 ministers, w i t h o u t reflection u p o n his person), that
4 a n a c c u m u l a t i o n ot all t h e public g r i e v a n c e s since
4 m a g n a charta, o n e u p o n another, into a n act o f
4 Pailiament, w o u l d not a m o u n t to so oppressive, I
4 a m sure not to so destructive, a height a n d m a g n i -
4 t u d e to the rights a n d property ot the subject, as
4 o n e b r a n c h of our beslaving since the Petition o f
4 R i g h t ! T h e b r a n c h I m e a n is t h e j u d g m e n t c o n c e r n -
4 i n g ship-money.
4 T h i s being a true representation of E n g l a n d , in
4 b o i h aspects, let h i m , M r . S p e a k e r , that (for t h e
4 u n m a t c h e d oppression a n d enthralling of free subjects,
4 in a time of the best K i n g ' s re;n, a n d in m e m o r y
4 o f the best laws enacted in favour of subjects liberty,)
4 c a n find a truer cause than the ruptures a n d inter-
4 mission o f P a r l i a m e n t s ; let h i m , I fay, a n d h i m
4 alone, be against the settling o f this inevitable w a y
4 for the frequent h o l d i n g of t h e m .
4 'Tis true, Sir, w i c k e d ministers h a v e b e e n the
4 p r o x i m a t e causes o f o u r miseries ; but the w a n t o f
4 P a r l i a m e n t s t h e p r i m a r y , t h e efficient c a u s e s : ill
4 m i n i s t e r s h a v e m a d e ill t i m e s ; b u t t h a t , S i r , h a t h
4 m a d e ill m i n i s t e r s .
4 I h a v e read, a m o n g the laws o f the Athenians,
4 a f o r m of recourse, in their oaths a n d v o w s of their
4 greatest a n d public c o n c e r n m e n t , to a thiee-fold deity,
fupplicium e.xaudrtori, purgatcri, m a l o r u m dcpulfiri.
4 1 d o u b t not but w e , here assembled for the c o m m o n .
4 w e a l t h in this P a r l i a m e n t , shall m e e t w i t h all these
4 attributes in o u r Sovereign. I m a k e n o question
but he will graciously hear o u r supplications, p u r g e
4 a w a y our grievances, a n d expel malefactors; that
4 is, r e m o v e ill m i n i s t e r s , a n d p u t g o o d i n t h e i r
4 places. N o less c a n b e e x p e c t e d f r o m his w i s d o m
4 a n d goodness.
4 B u t let m e tell y o u , M r . S p e a k e r , if w e p a r t a k e
4 not o f o n e attribute m o r e in h i m ; if w e address n o t
4 ourselves u n t o that, I m e a n bonorum conservator:, w e
4 c a n h a v e n o solid, n o d u r a b l e c o m f o r t in all t h e
4 rest : for let his M a j e s t y h e a r o u r c o m p l a i n t s n e v e r
4 so compassionately ; let h i m p u r g e a w a y o u r griev-
5 4 ances
 I ) I G 6 ( G e o r g e ) .
" j
On e o s t h e p r i m e o b j e c t s t o w h i c h t h e first o p e r a t i o n s o f t h e L o n g P a r l i a m e n t w e r e di
r e c t e d , w a s t h e p r o s e c u t i o n o f t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d ; i n t o w h i c h b u s i n e s s L o r d D i g b y
e n t e r e d w i t h d i s t i n ^ u i f l u d a r d o u r . H e r e p r e s e n t e d t h e E a r l as t h e c h i e f a u t h o r o t all
t h a t w a s g r i e v o u s in E n g l a n d , a n d i n v e i g h e d a g a i n s t h i m w i t h s u c h s t r e n g t h a n d s e v e r i t y
a s i n d u c e d m a n y , w h o m i g h t n o t o t h e r w i s e h a v e d o n e it, t o u n i t e in t h e r e s o l u t i o n o f
c h a r g i n g S t r a f f o r d w i t h h i g h t r e a s o n . B y this c o n d u c t h e g a i n e d t h e e n t i r e c o n f i d e n c e

' a n c e s n e v e r so efficaciously; let h i m p u n i s h a n d dispel ' is h o w to r e g a i n t h e m ; to w h i c h three t h i n g s are

4 ill m i n i s t e r s n e v e r s o e x e m p h i r i l y ; let h i m m a k e E q u a l l y necellary,
* c h o i c e o f .good o n e s n e v e r so exactly : yet if there b e ' Re-inllating t h e m in their former liberty.
* not a w a y settled to preserve a n d k e e p t h e m g o o d , 4 A v e n g i n g t h e m o f tlie a u t h o r s o f t h o s e violations.
the mischiefs a n d t h e y will al! g r o w a g a i n like S : m p - A n d ,
* son's locks, a n d pull d o w n the house u p o n o u r h e a d * ' S e e m i n g t h e m f r o m apprehensions o f the like
* b e l i e v e it, M r . S p e a k e r , tfu:y will. ' again.
* It h a t h b e e n a m a x i m a m o n g t h e w i s e s t l e g i s l a t o r : , T h e first, G o d b e t h a n k e d , w e are in a g o o d
* that w h o s o e v e r m e a n s to settle g o o d laws m u s t pto- 1 w a y o f K
c e e d in t h e m w i t h a sinister o p i n i o n o f all m a n k i n d ; ' T h e filfond, in w a r m pursuit of.
* a n d l u p p o s e t h a t w h o s o e v e r il n o t w i c k e d , it is f o r 4 B u t t h e tAitfff a s e s s e n t i a l a s all t h e rest, 'till w e
* w a n t only of the opportunity. ^ , ' be certain o f triennial Parliaments, at the least, I
4 It is t h a t o p p o r t u n i t y o f b e i n g ill,. M r . S p e a k e r , ' profess I c a n h a v e but cold hopes of.
* that w e m u s t take a w a y , if ever w e m e a n ' t'p-'be ' I beseech y o u then, since that security for the
* h a p p y ; w h i c h c a n never be done, but "bjtth'e fre- ' f u u r e is so n e c e s s a r y to t h a t blessed u n i o n o f affec-
* q u e n c y of Parliaments. 4 tions, a n d this bill so neceslary to that security ; let
* N o State c a n wisely b e confident o f a n y public * us n o t b e so w a n t i n g to ourselves, let us r.ot b e so
* minister's c o n t i n u i n g g o o d , l o n g e r t h a n the t o d is ' w a n t i n g to o u r Sovereign, as to forbear to offer u n t o
* over h i m . 1 h i m this powerful, this everlalling philter, to c h a t m
* L e t m e a p p e a l to all t h o s e that w e r e present in 4 u n t o h i m the hearts o f his psople, w h o s e virtue
this H o u s e , at the agitation o s the Petition of R i g h t : * can never evaporate.
a n d let t h e m tell u s truly, o f w h o s e p r o m o t i o n t o 4 T h e r e is n o m a n , M r . S p e a k e r , so s e c u r e o f
the m a n a g e m e n t of affairs d o t h e y t h i n k the g e n e 4 another's friendship, but will think frequent inter-
rality w o u l d , at that time, h a v e h a d better hopes 4 course a n d access very requisite to the support, to
than of the late M r . N o y a n d Sir T h o m a s W e n t - < t h e c o n f i r m a t i o n o f it : e s p e c i a l l y if ill offices h a v e
w o r t h ; b o t h b e i n g at that time, a n d in that business, 4 b e e n d o n e b e t w e e n t h e m ; if t h e raising o f j e a l o u -
* as I h a v e heard, most k e e n a n d active patiiots ; a n d 4 {jes h a t h b e e n a t t e m p t e d .
* the latter of t h e m (to the eternal aggravation o f his 4 T h e r e is n o f r i e n d b u t w o u l d b e i m p a t i e n t t o
* i n f a m o u s t r e a c h e r y t o t h e c o m m o n w e a l t h b e it 4 b e debarred f r o m giving his friend succour a n d relief
s p o k e n ) t h e first m o v e r a n d infister t o h a v e this 4 in his necessities.
* c l a u s e a d d e d to t h e P e t i t i o n o f R i g h t , 44 T h a t , for 4 M r . Speaker, p e r m i t m e the c o m p a r i s o n o f great
* the c o m f o r t a n d safety of his Majesty's subjects, h e ' t h i n g s w i t h little. W h a t friendship, w h a t u n i o n
' w o u l d b e pleased to declare his will a n d pleasure, * c a n there be so cornfbrtable, so h a p p y , as b e t w e e n a
* that all his ministers s h o u l d serve h i m a c c o r d i n g to 4 gracious Soverejfjo a n d his people ? A n d w h a t
* the laws a n d statutes o f the realm." 4 greater m i s s o r t ^ e c a n there b e to both, t h a n to b e
* A n d yet, M r . S p e a k e r , to w h o m n o w c a n all t h e ' kept f r o m imerconsfe, f r o m the m e a n s of clearing
* inundations u p o n o u r liberties, u n d e r pretence o f 4 misunderstandings, f r o m \interchange o f m u t u a l
* l a w , a n d t h e late s h i p w r e c k , at o n c e , o f all o u r 4 benefits ? _ T ^ v
property, b e attributed m o r e than to N o y ; a n d 4 T h e people o f E n g l a n d , Sir, cannot o p e n theif
* thole, a n d all o t h e r mischiefb w h e r e b y this m o n a r c h y 4 ears, their hearts, their m o u t h , or their purses,
* hath b e e n b r o u g h t almost to the b r i n k o f destruc- 4 to his Majesty, but in Paili.unent* W e c a n neither
* tion, so m u c h to a n y as to that g r a n d apostate to the 4 hear h i m , nor c o m p l a i n , n o r a c k n o w l e d g e , nor give,
c o m m o n w e a l t h , the n o w Lieutenant of Ireland? 4 but there.
4 T h e first, 1 h o p e , G o d h a t h f o r g i v e n in t h e o t h e r 4 T h i s bill, Sir, is t h e sole k e y t h a t c a n o p e n t h e
w o r l d ; a n d the latter m u t t not h o p e to be p a r d o n e d 4 w a y to a fraque,ncy.,of those reciprocal e n d e a r m e n t s ,
4 in this, till h e b e d i s p a t c h e d t o t h e o t h e r . 4 w h i c h m u l t nfeki a n d perpetuate the happiness o f
4 L e t every m a n b u t consumer those m e n as o n c e 4 the K i n g a n d r r U c t o m . ,
* t h e y w e r e , t h e e x c e l l e n t la-vy for t h e s e c u r i t y o f . ^tj'Let n o m a n object a n y derogation f r o m the King's
4 the subject, enacted immediately before their coming.' 4l p r e r o g w i v e b y it. W e d o b u t p r e s e n t t h e b i l l , 'tis
* into e m p l o y m e n t , in the contriving w h e r e o f t h e m - 4 to be rnade a l a w b y h i m . H i s h o n o u r , his p o w e r ,
* selves w e r e principal actors ; the goodness a n d vir- 4 w i l l b e a s c o n s p i c u o u s iii c o m m a n d i n g a t o n c e t h a t
4 tue of the K i n g they served, a n d yet the h i g h a n d 4 P a r l i a m e n t s shall assemble e v e r y third year, as in
4 public oppressions t h y / in his time, they h a v e 4 c o m m a n d i n g a Parliament to be called this or that
4 w r o u g h t ; a n d s u r e l y t h e r e is n o n n n i b u t w i l l c o n - 4 y e a r . T h e r e is m o r e o f M a j e s t y in o r d a i n i n g pri-
4 elude wiih m e , that, as the deficience o f Parliaments 4 n u r y a n d universal causes, rhan in the actuating
4 h a t h b e e n t h e c a u s a c a u s a r u m ot all t h e m i s c h i e f s a n d 4 particularly of subordinate effects.
4 distempers of the present times ; so the frequency o f 4 I d o u b t n o t b u t that glorious K i n g , E d w a r d Iff.
t h e m is t h e s o l e C a t h o l i c a n t i d o t e t h a t c a n p r e s e r v e 4 w h e n he m a d e thole laws for the yearly calling o f
a n d secure the suture f r o m the like. 4 P a i l i a m e n t s , d i d it w i t h a r i g h t s e n s e o f his d i g n i t y
4 M r . S p e a k e r , let m e yet d r a w m y discourse a 4 a n d h o n o u r .
little n e a r e r to his M a j e s t y h i m s e l f , a n d tell y o u , 4 T h e t r u t h is, Sir, t h e K i n g s o f E n g l a n d a r e n e v e r
t h a t t h e i r e q u e n c y o f P a r l i a m e n t s is m o l t essentially 5 in their glory, in their splendor, in their Majestic
necessary to the p o w e r , the security, the glory o f 4 sovereignty, but in Parliament.
the K i n g . 4 W h e r e is t h e p o w e r o f i m p o s i n g taxes ? W h e r e
4 T h e r e are t w o ways, M r . Speaker, of p o w e r f u l 4 is t h e p o w e r o f restoring f r o m incapacities ? W h e r e
* rule, either b y fear, or love ; but only o n e of h a p p y 4 is ( h e legislative a u t h o r i t y ? W h y , m a r r y , in t h e
' a n d safe rule, t h a t is, b y l o v e ; \ h z \ f i r m i j f i m u m int' 4 K i n g , M r . Speaker. B u t h o w ? In the K i n g cir-
4 p e r i u m quo obedientes g a u d a i t : T o this Camillus 4 cled in, sonified, a n d tvirtuated b y his Parliament.
4 adviled the R o m a n s : ' L e t a Prince consider w h a t 4 T h e K i n g , out o f Parliament, haih a limited,
4 it is t h a t m o v e s a p e o p l e , p r i n c i p a l l y , t o a f f e c t i o n 4 a circumscribed jurisdiction ; but, waited o n b y his
4 a n d dearnefs t o w a r d s their S o v e r e i g n , h e shall see 4 P a r l i a m e n t , n o M o n a r c h o f t h e E a s t is s o a b s o l u t e
4 t h a t t h e r e n e e d s n o o t h e r a r t i f i c e i n it t h a n t o let 4 in dispelling grievances.
4 t h e m enjoy, unmolestedly, w h a t belongs u n t o t h e m * M r . S p e a k e r , i n c h a s i n g ill m i n i s t e r s , w e d o b u t
* of right : if that h a t h b e e n invaded a n d violated in 4 dissipate clouds that m a y gather again ; but, in
4 a n y kind, w h e r e b y affections are alienated, the next 4 v o t i n g this bill, w e shall contribute, as m u c h as in
4 consideration for a wise Prince, that w o u l d be h a p p y , us lies, to t h e p e r p e t u a t i n g o u r f u n , o u r S o v e r e i g n ,
in his vertical, in his n o o n - d a y , ?ustre (3).' (3) Ibid.
o r p- 1 9 7 " 4 .
 2 l 6 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e . )

o f t h e g r a n d l e a d e r s o f t h e i m p e a c h m e n t , a n d w a s a d m i t t e d i n t e all t h e i r s e c r e t s . lie-
sides b e i n g f i x e d u p o n t o p r e p a r e p a r t o f t h e c h a r g e a g a i n s t t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d , t h e
w h o l e c o u r s e o f t h e i n t e n d e d p r o c e e d i n g s , a n d t h e o b s t r u c t i o n s t h a t w e r e m o s t a p p r e
h e n d e d w e r e as c l e a r l y u n d e r s t o o d b y L o r d D i g b y a s b y M r . P y m a n d M r . H a m p d e n
t h e m s e l v e s . H a v i n g t h u s g o t t e n h i m s e l f to t h e t o p o f t h e p i n n a c l e , h e b e g a n t o l o o k
a b o u t h i m , a n d t o t a k e t h e full p r o s p e c t o f all t h a t w a s t o b e s e e n . It is p o s s i b l e , p e r
h a p s p r o b a b l e , t h a t , u p o n s e r i o u s reflection, h e m i g h t b e c o n s c i e n t i o u s l y dissatisfied w i t h
t h e l e n g t h s t o w h i c h t h e p r o s e c u t i o n a g a i n s t S t r a f f o r d w a s d e s i g n e d t o b e c a r r i e d . W h a t
e v e r m i g h t b e h i s m o t i v e s , h e r e s o l v e d t o s t e e r a n o t h e r c o u r s e , a n d , w i t h a d e x t e r i t y
in w h i c h h e e m i n e n t l y e x c e l l e d , h e c o n t r i v e d t o m a k e t h e C o u r t a c q u a i n t e d w i t h h i s i n
t e n t i o n s , a n d t o raise a h i g h o p i n i o n o f t h e m e r i t o f h i s f u t u r e s e r v i c e s . H i s o v e r t u r e s ,
e s m a y r e a s o n a b l y b e i m a g i n e d , w e r e v e r y c o r d i a l l y a c c e p t e d . I n c o n f o r m i t y t o h i s n e w
v i e w s , h e b e c a m e m o r e m o d e r a t e in h i s p a r l i a m e n t a r y l a n g u a g e , a n d ( h e w e d , in s e v e r a l
i n s t a n c e s , t h a t h e w a s n o t d i s p o s e d t o e m b a r k w h o l l y ori t h e b o t t o m o f t h e p a r t y w i t h
w h i c h h e h a d h i t h e r t o a c t e d . H e still, h o w e v e r , c o n t i n u e d h i s c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e
p r o s e c u t o r s o f t h e L o r d S t r a f f o r d , a n d t o o k h i s p a r t in t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f t h e e v i d e n c e
a g a i n s t h i m ; b u t w i t h s u c h a t e m p e r , a s s u f f i c i e n t l y m a n i f e s t e d t h a t h e n e i t h e r b r o u g h t
t h e spirit, n o r w o u l d b r i n g t h e t e s t i m o n y t h a t h a d b e e n e x p e c t e d f r o m h i m b y h i s c o a d j u -
ft) clarendon, t o r s in t h e i m p e a c h m e n t (j-).
ph'iji liii tn's r'inc a c ' r c u r n s t a n c e o c c u r r e d o f a s i n g u l a r n a t u r e . A p a p e r o f g r e a t c o n s e
q u e n c e t o t h e trial w a s m i s t i n g i n t h e c l o s e C o m m i t t e e o f t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s ; a n d
b y t h e E a r l o f S t a f f o r d ' s a n s w e r it w a s s u p p o s e d t h a t h e h a d s e e n it, a n d t h a t it h a d b e e n
c o n v e y e d t o h i m b y s o m e o n e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e . M r . W h i t e l o c k , w h o w a s i n t h e c h a i r ,
a n d w h o h a d t h e c h a r g e a n d c u s t o d y o f all t h e p a p e r s , w a s s u s p e c t e d m o r e t h a n a n y o t h e r
p e r s o n t o h a v e b e e n g u i l t y o f t h i s p i e c e o f t r e a c h e r y . Strict s e a r c h w a s m a d e f o r t h e
p a p e r ; b u t it c o u l d n o t t h e n b e f o u n d . M r . W h i t e l o c k a l l e d g e d , in h i s o w n v i n d i c a
t i o n , t h a t a m o n g s t s u c h a m u l t i t u d e o f p a p e r s a s h e h a d in h i s c u s t o d y , it w a s n o t e a s y
t o s e e t h a t h e h a d t h e m all a g a i n , w h e n t h e y w e r e b r o u g h t f o r t h , o r a n y o f t h e m c a l l e d
for. H e a d d e d , t h a t h e n e v e r s h e w e d t h e p a p e r t o a n y b u t t h e C o m m i t t e e ; t h a t h e
k n e w n o t w h o h a d it, o r w h a t w a s b e c o m e o f it ; t h a t h e d i d n o t c o n v e y it a w a y h i m s e l f ,
a n d w a s totally i g n o r a n t b y w h o m it h a d b e e n c o n v e y e d . T h i s a p o l o g y d i d n o t g i v e full
satisfaction. T h e H o u s e w a s a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e affair, a n d it w a s o r d e r e d , t h a t e v e r y
e n e o f t h e C o m m i t t e e s h o u l d m a k e a s o l e m n p r o t e s t a t i o n , t h a t t h e y d i d n o t c o n v e y
a w a y t h e p a p e r in q u e s t i o n , n o r k n o w w h a t w a s b e c o m e o f it. A l l o f t h e m m a d e t h i s
p r o t e s t a t i o n , a n d t h e L o r d D i g b y w i t h m o r e e a r n e s t n e s s a n d d e e p e r i m p r e c a t i o n s t h a n
a n y o f t h e rest. N e v e r t h e l e s s , w h e n , a t t h e b a t t l e o f N a s e b y , t h e K i n g ' s c a b i n e t w a s
t a k e n , a c o p y o f t h i s i n d i v i d u a l p a p e r w a s f o u n d i n it, w r i t t e n i n h i s L o r d s h i p ' s o w n
h a n d . T h u s w a s M r . W h i t e l o c k c l e a r e d , a n d t h e c o n v e y e r o f t h e p a p e r t o h i s M a j e s t y ,
(m T ! 'eslodt 's a n c ' ^ r o m k ' m t o ^ a r ' ^ S t r a f f o r d , f u l l y d i s c o v e r e d ( b ) . L o r d C l a r e n d o n s e e m s u n -
p. 43. 44.' " w i l l i n g t o c r e d i t t h e t r u t h o f t h i s s t o r y ; b u t it a p p e a r s t o r e s t o n a f o u n d a t i o n t o o s t r o n g
v " \ x r t > s 1 0 ^ e e a n ^ v A ^ e n . W h a t h i s L o r d s h i p o b s e r v e s is, t h a t it m a y b e p r e s u m e d , t h a t a
xl'9. p'*4 ' m a n w h o h a d g o t t e n a p a p e r in s u c h a m a n n e r , w o u l d , at least, a f t e r s u c h a n e n q u i r y
(0 clarendon, W:-1S m a d e u p o n it, h a v e c a s t it i n t o t h e f i r e (/'). 1 h e E a r l o f C l a r e n d o n , w h o is o t h e r -
ubi supra. w i s e m i s t a k e n i n h i s r e l a t i o n o f t h e affair, s h o u l d h a v e r e c o l l e c t e d , t h a t it w a s n o t i n
L o r d D i g b y ' s p o w e r t o d e s t r o y h i s c o p y o f t h e p a p e r , a f t e r h e h a d c o n v e y e d it t o t h e
K i n g .
A s s o o n a s t h e trial o f t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d w a s e n d e d , a n d it w a s d i s c e r n e d t h a t t h e
H o u s e o f P e e r s w o u l d n o t p a s s u p o n h i m a j u d g m e n t o f h i g h - t r e a s o n , t h e C o m m o n s
d e t e r m i n e d t o p r o c e e d a g a i n s t h i m b y bill o f a t t a i n d e r . U p o n this o c c a s i o n it w a s t h a t
L o r d D i g b y p u b l i c l y a v o w e d t h e c h a n g e o f h i s s e n t i m e n t s . A t t h e t h i r d r e a d i n g o f
t h e Bill, o n t h e 2 i s t o f A p r i l , 1 6 4 1 , h e o p p o s e d t h e p a s t i n g o f it in a s p e e c h full o f
e n e r g y a n d spirit [ D j . G r e a t o f f e n c e w a s t a k e n b y t h e p r e d o m i n a n t p a r t y at h i s L o r d
s h i p ' s

[ Z > ] H e o p p o s e d t h e p a j j i n g o f it, i n a s p e e c h f u l l o f * this' H o u s e a n d t o m y C o u n t r y , i n t h e p r o g r e s s o f

energy a n d spirit.] this great cause, so I trust I shall d o n o w in the last
4 M o . ' p e r i o d o f it t o G o d a n d t o a g o o d c o n s c i e n c e . I
M r . speaker, , ^ W){h (he ^ o f that u m o myselfj a n d th(S
* W e are n o w u p o n the point o f giving (as m u c h blessings o f A l m i g h t y G o d to m e a n d m y posterity,
* as in us lies) the final s e n t e n c e u n t o d e a t h o r life a c c o r d i n g as m y j u d g m e n t o n t h e life o f this m a n
4 o n a great minister o f State, a n d p e e r o f this k i n g - shall b e c o n s o n a n t w i t h m y heart, a n d the best o f
* d o m , T h o m a s E a r l o f Sirafford ; a n a m e o f h a t r e d m y u n d e r s t a n d i n g in all integrity.
in t h e p r e s e n t a g e b y his p r a c t i c e s , a n d fit t o b e * I k n o w well, M r . Speaker, that b y s o m e thing*
1 m a d e a terror to future ages b y his punishment. I h a v e said o f late, whilst this bill w a s in agitation,
I h a v e h a d the h o n o u r to be e m p l o y e d b y the ' 1 h a v e raised s o m e prejudices u p o n m e in the cause.
H o u s e i n this g r e a t b u s i n e s s f r o m t h e first h o u r t h a t Y e a , s o m e (I t h a n k t h e m for their plain dealing)
* it w a s t a k e n i n t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n . It w a s a m a t t e r o f h a v e b e e n s o f r e e a s t o tell m e , t h a t I h a v e s u f f e r e d
great trust ; a n d I will say, with confidence, that I m u c h b y the b a c k w a r d n e s s I h a v e s h e w n in the bill
h a v e s e r v e d t h e H o u s e i n it, n o t o n l y w i t h i n d u s t r y , o f a t t a i n d e r o f t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d , a g a i n s t w h o r a
1 a c c o r d i n g to m y abilities, but w i t h m o s t exact faith- I h a v e formerly b e e n so k e e n , so active.
4 fulness a n d justice. ' I b e g o f y o u , a n d the rest, b u t a suspension o f
* A n d as I h a v e h i t h e r t o d i s c h a r g e d m y d u t y t o j u d g m e n t c o n c e r n i n g m e , till I h a v e o p e n e d m y
2 heart
 D I G B
s h i p ' s c o n d u c t . A m o t i o n w a s i m m e d i a t e l y m a d e t h a t , o n t h e n e x t d a y , h e s h o u l d e x
p l a i n h i m s e l f , w i t h r e g a r d t o s o m e t h i n g s t h a t h a d o c c u r r e d in h i s s p e e c h . T h i s h e a c
c o r d i n g l y
heart a m o you, clearly a n d freely, in this business.
T r u l y , Sir, I a m still t h e ( a m e i n m y o p i n i o n s a n d
affections as to the Earl of Strarlord : I confidently
believe h i m to b e the moll d a n g e r o u s minister, the
m o s t insupportable to free subjects, that c a n b e
charactered. 1 believe his practices in themselves
as high, as tyrannical, as a n y subject ever v e n t u r e d
o n ; a n d the malignity os t h e m hugely a g g r a v a t e d
b y those rare abilities o f his, w h e r e o f G o d h a t h
g i v e n hirst t h e use, b u t t h e devil the application.
I n a w o r d , I b e l i e v e h i m t o b e still t h a t g r a n d
apostate to the c o m m o n w e a l t h , w h o m u s t not e x
p e c t t o b e p a r d o n e d i n t h i s w o r l d , till h e b e d i s
p a t c h e d to t h e O t h e r . A n d y e t , let m e tell y o u ,
M r . Speaker, m y h a n d mull not b e to that dispatch:
I protest, as m y conscience stands informed, I h a d
r a t h e r it w e r e off.
* L e t m e unfold to y o u the mystery, M r . S p e a k e r :
I will not dwell m u c h u p o n justifying u n t o y o u m y
s e e m i n g variance at this t i m e f r o m w h a t I w a s
formerly, b y putting y o u in m i n d o f the difference
b e t w e e n prosecutors a n d judges, h o w m i s b e c o m i n g
that fervour w o u l d b e in a judge, w h i c h , perhaps,
w a s c o m m e n d a b l e in a prosecutor. J u d g e s w e are
n o w , arid m u s t p u t o n another/ p e r s o n a g e . It is
honest a n d noble to b e earnest, in order to the dis
covery of truth ; b u t w h e n that hath b e e n b r o u g h t
s o f a r as it c a n t o l i g h t , o u r j u d g m e n t t h e r e u p o n
o u g h t to be c a l m a n d caution's. In prosecution
u p o n probable g r o u n d s , w e are accountable only
for o u r industry or remiflncfs; but in j u d g m e n t
w e a r e d e e p l y l e i p o n s i b l e to G o d A l m i g h t y tor its
rectitude o r o b l i q u i t y . I n cafes o f life, t h e j u d g e is
G o d ' s s t e w a r d of the party's blood, a n d m u s t g i v e a
strict a c c o u n t for e v e r y d r o p .
' But, as I told y o u , M r . Speaker, I will not
insist l o n g u p o n this g r o u n d o f difference in m e
n o w f r o m w h a t I w a s formerly.
T h e t r u t h o f it is, S i r , t h e f a m e g r o u n d w h e r e
u p o n I, w i t h t h e rest o f t h e f e w to w h o m y o u first
c o m m i t t e d the consideration o f m y L o r d Strafford,
b r o u g h t d o w n o u r o p i n i o n , t h a t it w a s fit h e m o u l d
be accused o f treason : u p o n the s a m e g r o u n d I w a s
e n g a g e d , with earnestness, in his prosecution ; a n d
h a d the s a m e g r o u n d r e m a i n e d in that force o f
b e l i e f w i t h m e , w h i c h till v e r y l a t e l y it d i d , I s h o u l d
n o t h a v e b e e n tender in his c o n d e m n a t i o n : but
truly, Sir, to deal plainly w i t h y o u , that g r o u n d of
o u r accutation, that spur to o u r prosecution, a n d
that w h i c h should b e the basis of m y j u d g m e n t o f
t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d , as to treason, is, t o m y u n d e r
standing, quite vanished a w a y .
* T h i s it w a s , M r . S p e a k e r : h i s a d v i s i n g t h e K i n g
to e m p l o y the a r m y in Ireland to reduce E n g l a n d .
T h i s I w a s assured w o u l d b e proved, b e f o r e ! g a v e
m y consent to his accusation. I w a s confirmed in
the f a m e belief d u r i n g the prosecution ; a n d for
tified m o s t o f all i n it, s i n c e S i r H e n r y V a n e ' s p r e
paratory examination, b y assurances w h i c h that w o r
t h y m e m b e r , M r . H y m m e , g a v e m e , that his testi
m o n y w o u l d b e m a d e c o n v i n c i n g b y s o m e notes o f
w h a t p a s s e d a t t h e j u n c t o , c o n c u r r e n t w i t h it ;
w h i c h I ever u n d e r s t a n d i n g to b e o f s o m e other
Counsellor, y o u see n o w p r o v e but a c o p y of the
s a m e Secretary's notes, discovered a n d p r o d u c e d in
the m a n n e r y o u h a v e h e a r d ; a n d those such dis
jointed fragments o f the v e n o m o u s part of discourses :
n o results, n o conclusions of Councils, w h i c h are
t h e only things that Secretaries m o u l d register ;
there b e i n g n o use of the other, but to accuse a n d
bring m e n into danger.
' B u t , Sir, this is n o t that w h i c h o v e r t h r o w s t h e
evidence with m e c o n c e r n i n g the a r m y in Ireland ;
n o r yet, that all the rest o f the j u n c t o r e m e m b e r
n o t h i n g o f it ; b u t t h i s , S i r , w h i c h I i h a l l tell y o u ,
is that w h i c h y.orks w i t h m e , u n d e r favour, to a n
utter o v c r t h r o W o f his evidence, as u n t o that o f the
a r m y of Ireland : before, whilst I w a s prosecutor,
a n d under rye o f secrecy, I m i g h t not discover a n y
weakness of the cause, w h i c h n o w , as a judge, I
must. M r . Secretary w a s e x a m i n e d thrice u p o n
V o l . V .
Y ( G e o r g e ) .
o a t h , at t h e p r e p a r a t o r y C o m m i t t e e . T h e first t i m e
h e w a s q u e s t i o n e d to all t h e i n t e r r o g a t o r i e s ; a n d t o
that part of the seventh, w h i c h concerns the a r m y
in Ireland, h e said positively these w o r d s , ' I c a n
n o t c h a r g e h i m w i t h t h a t ;' b u t , f o r t h e rest, h e
desired time to recollect himself ; w h i c h w a s granted
h i m .
* S o m e days after h e w a s e x a m i n e d a second time,
a n d then deposed these w o r d s concerning the K i n g ' s
being absolved f r o m rules o f G o v e r n m e n t , a n d so
forth, very clearly. B u t b e i n g pressed to that part
c o n c e r n i n g the Irish a r m y again, h e said, h e could
say n o t h i n g to that.
* H e r e w e t h o u g h t w e h a d d o n e w i t h h i m ; till,
divers w e e k s after, m y L o r d of N o r t h u m b e r l a n d ,
a n d all d t h e r s o f t h e j u n c t o , d e n y i n g to h a v e h e a r d
a n y thing c o n c e r n i n g those words, o f reducing E n g
l a n d b y t h e Irish n r m y , it w a s t h o u g h t fit t o e x a m i n e
the Secretary o n c e m o r e ; a n d then he deposed these
w o r d s to h a v e b e e n s p o k e n b y the Eari o f Strafford
to his Majesty, ' y o u h a v e a n a r m y in Ireland,
w h i c h y o u m a y e m p l o y here to r e d u c e (or s o m e
w o r d s to that fense) this k i n g d o m . '
* M r . Speaker, these are the circumstances w h i c h *
I confess with m y conscience, thrust quite ou t o f
doors that g r a n d article o f o u r charge, c o n c e r n i n g
his desperate advice to the K i n g , os e m p l o y i n g the
Irish a r m y here.
' L e t not this. I beseech you, b e driven to a d
aspersion u p o n M r . Secretary, as if h e should h a v e
s w o r n o t h e r w i s e t h a n h e k n e w o r believed ; h e is
too w o r t h y to d o that ; o n l y let thus m u c h b e in
f e r r e d f r o m it, that h e w h o t w i c e u p o n o a t h , w i t h
t i m e of recollection, could not r e m e m b e r a n y thing
o f such a business, m i g h t well a third t i m e m i s -
r e m e m b e r s o m e w h a t : a n d in this business the differ
e n c e o f o n e w o r d , here for there, or that for this,
quite alters the case j the latter also b e i n g the m o r e
p r o b a b l e , since it is c o n f e s s e d o h all h a n d s , that t h e
debate then w a s c o n c e r n i n g a w a r w i t h Scotland ;
a n d y o u m a y r e m e m b e r that, at the bar, he o n c e
said 'to e m p l o y there.' A n d thus, M r . Speaker, h a v e
I f a i t h f u l l y g i v e n y o u a n a c c o u n t w h a t it is t h a t h a t h
b l u n t e d the e d g e o f the hatchet, o r bill, w i t h m C j
t o w a r d s m y L o r d Strafford.
' T h i s w a s that w h e r e u p o n I accused h i m w i t h a
free heart, prosecuted h i m w i t h earnestness ; a n d
h a d it, t o m y u n d e r s t a n d i n g , b e e n p r o v e d , s h o u l d
h a v e c o n d e m n e d h i m w i t h innocence; whereas,
n o w , I c a n n o t satisfy m y c o n s c i e n c e t o d o it. I
profess 1 can h a v e n o notion of a n v body's intent
to subvert the laws, treasonably, but b y force j
a n d this design o f force n o t a p p e a r i n g , all his o t h e r
w i c k e d practices cannot a m o u n t so high with m e ;
* I c a n find a m o r e easy a n d m o r e natural spring
f r o m w h e n c e to d e r i v e all his o t h e r c r i m e s , t h a n
f r o m a n intent to bring in tyranny, a n d to m a k e
his o w n posterity, as well as us, slaves; as, f r o m
revenge, f r o m pride, f r o m avarice, f r o m passion,
a n d f r o m insolence of natuie.
' B u t h a d t h i s o f t h e Irish a r m y b e e n p r o v e d , it
w o u l d h a v e diffused a c o m p l e x i o n of treason over
all ; it w o u l d h a v e b e e n a w i t h e i n d e e d to b i n d
all t h o s e o t h e r s c a t t e r e d a n d lesser b r a n c h e s * a s it
were, into a faggot o f treason.
' I d o n o t fay but the rest m a y represent h i m a
rnan as w o r t h y to die, a n d perhaps worthier, than
m a n y a traitor. I d o not fay but they m a y justly
direct us to enact, that they shall b treason for
the suture.
' B u t G o d k e e p m e f r o m giving j u d g m e n t o f d e a t h
o n a n y m a n , a n d of ruin to his innocent posterity,
u p o n a law m a d e a posteriori.
L e t the m a r k b e let o n the d o o r w h e r e t h e p l a g u e
is, a n d t h e n let h i m t h a t will e n t e r die.
1 I k n o w , M r . S p e a k e r , t h e r e is in P a r l i a m e n t a
d o u b l e p o w e r o f life a n d d e a t h b y bill, a judicial
p o w e r , a n d a legislative: the m e a s u r e o f t h e o n e is,
w h a t is l e g a l l y just ; o f r h e o t h e r , w h a t is p r u d e n -
tially a n d p o l i t i c k ! / sit f o r t h e g o o d a n d p r e s e r v a t i o n
K k k o f
2 l 8 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) ,

c o r d i n g l y d i d , a n d h e r e t h e m a t t e r r e s t e d f o r t h e p r e s e n t ; b u t f u t u r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s w e r e
{*) Parliamen e m b r a c e d o f d i s p l a y i n g t h e r e s e n t m e n t w h i c h w a s c o n c e i v e d a g a i n s t h i m ( k ) .
tary History. F r o m t h i s t i m e L o r d D i g b y w a s l o o k e d u p o n a s a t least t h e d e s e r t e r , if n o t t h e b e *
Vol. IX. p. 6.
t r a y e r , o f his political f r i e n d s : a n d h e w h o at C h r i s t m a s w a s t h e o b j e c t , n o t o n l y o f
t h e h i g h e s t e s t e e m , b u t a l m o s t e v e n o f a d o r a t i o n 5 b e f o r e E a s t e r w a s f a l l e n s o l o w in t h e
o p i n i o n o f t h o s e w h o w e r e d e v o t e d t o t h e r i g h t s o f t h e p e o p l e , t h a t t h e y t h o u g h t n o
r e p r o a c h e q u a l t o h i s d e m e r i t . I n d e e d , t h r o u g h t h e w h o l e c o u r s e o f h i s life h e h a d a
w o n d e r f u l facility o f a r r i v i n g s o o n e r t o a h i g h p i t c h o f e s t i m a t i o n a u d a f f e c t i o n t h a n a n y
ffian w h o in t h a t a g e v v a s k n o w n , a n d t h e n o f m a k i n g t h e g r e a t e s t h a s t e t o fall i n t o a
g u l p h o f p r e j u d i c e a n d d e t e s t a t i o n . T h e e f f e c t o f t h i s w a s , t h a t h e b a d s c a r c e l y e v e r a
n o t a b l e e n e m y w i t h w h o m h e h a d n o t b e e n c o n n e c t e d i n t h e closest f r i e n d s h i p , o r a t
l e a s t t o w h o m h e h a d n o t p r o f e s s e d s u c h a n i n c l i n a t i o n a s in a n y o t h e r c a f e w o u l d h a v e
a m o u n t e d t o f r i e n d s t i i p . A t t h e f a m e t i m e h e b o r e b o t h t h e s e e x t r e m e s w i t h p e r f e c t
u n c o n c e r n , i m p u t i n g t h e e s t e e m a n d r e g a r d h e w a s h e l d in t o h i s o w n v i r t u e a n d t r a n f -
c e n d a n t p a r t s , a n d h i s d e x t e r i t y i n t h e m a n a g e m e n t o f m a n k i n d ; a n d a s c r i b i n g t h e e n
m i t y t h a t f o l l o w e d t o t h e u n s t e a d i n e s s a n d i n c o n s t a n c y o f m e n ' s h u m o u r s , a n d t o t h e i r
(/) Clarendon, e n v y a n d j e a l o u s y o f h i s s u p e r i o r f a c u l t i e s ( / ) .
ubi supra P>L1V. A s L o r d D i g b y w a s n o w b e c o m e v e r y o b n o x i o u s t o t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e H o u s e o f
C o m m o n s , a n d c o u l d n o t b e o f a n y s e r v i c e t o t h e K i n g i n t h a t H o u s e , it w a s t h o u g h t
p r o p e r t o r a i s e h i m t o t h e P e e r a g e . T h e w r i t f o r t h a t p u r p o s e b o r e d a t e o n t h e n i n t h
o f J u n e ; a n d t h e n e x t d a y h e t o o k h i s feat a m o n g t h e L o r d s . D r . N a l f o n a n d A n t h o n y
W o o d assert, t h a t t h e v e r y f a m e d a y in w h i c h h e w a s i n t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e H o u s e o f P e e r s
h e w a s e x p e l l e d t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s . B u t t h e r e d o e s n o t a p p e a r t o b e a n y s u f f i c i e n t
f o u n d a t i o n f o r this a s s e r t i o n . N o s u c h c i r c u m s t a n c e is f o u n d in R u f l i w o r t h , W h i t e l o c k *
o r C l a r e n d o n ; a n d w h a t is m o r e t o t h e p u r p o s e t h e r e is n o e n t r y o f t h a t k i n d i n t h e
J o u r n a l s . T h e w h o l e o f w h a t w e f i n d t h e r e , is, a n o r d e r f o r t h e i s s u i n g o u t a w r i t f o r
t h e e l e c t i n g a K n i g h t f o r D o r s e t s h i r e i n b i s r o o m , w i t h o u t t h e least m e n t i o n w h e t h e r t h e
v a c a n c y w a s o c c a s i o n e d b y e x p u l s i o n o r p r o m o t i o n . I m m e d i a t e l y o n h i s a d m i s s i o n a m o n g
t h e P e e r s , it w a s o r d e r e d t h a t h i s n a m e s h o u l d b e a d d e d t o all t h e i r s t a n d i n g C o m m i t
(m) Athen*. t e e s ( ) .
Oxonienses. T h o u g h L o r d D i g b y w a s t h u s p r e f e r r e d o u t o f t h e w a y o f t h e G o m m o n s , t h e i r r e
Vol. II. col. 579.
P a i l. H i s t , u b i s e n t m e n t p u r s u e d h i m in a v e r y s e v e r e a n d u n j u s t i f i a b l e m a n n e r ; a n d in a m a n n e r t o t a l l y
supra, p. 379. c o n t r a r y t o t h o s e p r i n c i p l e s o f l i b e r t y w h i c h t h e y p r o f e s s e d t o a c t u p o n , a n d w h i c h i n
m a n y r e s p e c t s t h e y m a i n t a i n e d . O n t h e t h i r t e e n t h o f J u l y , a n o r d e r w a s m a d e t h a t t h e
s p e e c h w h i c h h e h a d d e l i v e r e d i n " t h e c a s e o f t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d , a n d w h i c h h a d b e e n
p r i m e d a n d p u b l i s t i e d , s h o u l d b e b u r n t b y t h e h a n d s o f t h e c o m m o n h a n g m a n ; a n d this
o r d e r w a s f o l l o w e d b y a r e s o l u t i o n t o m o v e t h e P e e r s t o j o i n in a p e t i t i o n t o h i s M a j e s t y ,
t h a t h e w o u l d b e p l e a s e d t o f o r b e a r to c o n f e r a n y h o n o u r o r e m p l o y m e n t u p o n t h e p e r s o n
{ ) Parl. Hist, o f L o r d D i g b y , w h o h a d d e s e r v e d s o ill o f t h e P a r l i a m e n t ( a ) . A f u l l e r a c c o u n t o f t h i s
ubi supra, t r a n s a c t i o n , t o g e t h e r w i t h s o m e o f b i s L o r d s h i p ' s j u s t r e f l e c t i o n s u p o n t h e o c c a s i o n w i l l
p. 487, 43- b e s e e n b e l o w [2TJ.
I n

* of the w h o l e : b u t these two* tinder favour, are 4 T h e d a n g e r b e i n g so great, a n d the case so d o u b t *

* not to b e c o n f o u n d e d in j u d g m e n t . W e m u s t not
* piece u p w a n t of legality w i t h m a t t e r of convenience,
4 n o r ihe desailance of prudential fitness w i t h a pre-
* tence of legal justice.
* T o c o n d e m n m y L o r d of Strafford judicially, as
* for treason, m y c o n s c i e n c e is n o t assured that t h e
4 m a t t e r w i l l b e a r it : a n d t o d o it b y t h e legislative
* p o w e r , m y reason) consultively, c a n n o t agree to
* that i since I a m persuaded neither the L o r d n o r the
' K i n g will pass this bill ; a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y , that o u r
' passing it will b e a c a u s e o f g r e a t divisions a n d c o n -
* bustions in the State.
4 T h e r e f o r e m y h u m b l e a d v i c e is, that, l a y i n g
' aside this bill o f attainder, w e m a y t h i n k o f a n o t h e r ,
4 s a v i n g o n l y life, s u c h as m a y secure the State f r o m
* m y L o r d o f S t r a f f o r d , w i t h o u t e n d a n g e r i n g it as
* m u c h b y division c o n c e r n i n g his punishment, as h e
* h a t h e n d a n g e r e d it b y h i s p r a c t i c e s .
If this m a y n o t b e h e a r k e n e d unto, let m e con-
* e l u d e in faying that to y o u all w h i c h I h a v e t h o -
' roughly inculcated in m i n e o w n conscience u p o n this
4 occasion. L e t every m a n lay his h a n d u p o n his
* o w n heart, a n d seriously consider w h a t w e are g o i n g
4 to d o w i t h a breath, either justice or m u r d e r ; justice
4 o n the o n e side, or m u r d e r h e i g h t e n e d a n d aggra-
4 v a t e d to its s u p r e m e s t e x t e n t o n t h e o t h e r : for, as
* t h e casuists fay, h e w h o lies w i t h his sister c o m m i t s
* incest, b u t h e that m a r r i e s his siller sins higher,
* b y a p p l y i n g G o d ' s O r d i n a n c e to his c r i m e ; so,
4 doubtless, h e that c o m m i t s m u r d e r w i t h the s w o r d
* o f justice, heightens that c r i m e to the utmost.
4 ful, that I see the best l a w y e r s in diametrical o p p o -
4 sition c o n c e r n i n g it, let e v e r y m a n w i p e h i s h e a r t ,
4 as h e does his eyes, w h e n h e w o u l d j u d g e o f a nice
4 a n d s u b t l e o b j e c t . T h e e y e , i f it b e p r e t i n c t e d
4 w i t h a n y c o l o u r , is vitiated i n its disc -ruing. L e t
4 us take h e e d o f a blood-lhotteh e y e in j u d g m e n t .
4 L e t e v e r y m a n p u r g e his h e a r t clear o f all passions.
I k n o w this great a.:d wife b o d y politic can h a v e
4 n o n e ; but I (peak to individuals f r o m the w e a k -
4 ness w h i c h I find in myself. A w a y with personal
4 a n i m o s i t i e s ; a w a y w i t h all flatteries to the p e o p l e ,
in b e i n g t h e sharper against h i m , b e c a u s e h e is
4 o d i o u s to t h e m ; a w a y w i t h all fears, lest b y
4 the sparing his b l o o d they m a y b e incensed ;
4 a w a y w i t h all s u c h c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , a s t h a t it is
4 n o t fit f o r a P a r l i a m e n t t h a t o n e a c c u s e d b y i t
4 o f t r e a s o n ssiould e s c a p e w i t h life. L e t n o t f o r m e r
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4 Earl o f Stafford's life (4).' (4) Parliamen
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a s L o r d D i g b y w a s d e e m e d a m a t t e r o f n o s m a l l c o n s e q u e n c e . G r e a t t h i n g s w e r e e x
p e c t e d f r o m t h e q u i c k n e s s o f h i s c o n c e p t i o n s , t h e v i g o u r o f h i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g , a n d t h e
f e a r l e s s n e s s o f h i s c o u r a g e . I n d e e d ,
" S i d u o p r t e r e a tales I d a tulisset
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it is I m p o s s i b l e t o f a y w h a t m i g h t , o r m i g h t n o t h a v e r e s u l t e d f r o m t h e b o l d n e s s o f h i S
t e m p e r . T h e effect m i g h t h a v e b e e n u s e f u l , o r it m i g h t h a v e b e e n h u r t f u l , i n t h e h i g h
est d e g r e e . B y t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f L o r d D i g b y i n t o t h e H o u s e o f P e e r s life a n d s p i r i t
w e r e a d d e d t o t h e p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h a t H o u s e . T h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e L o r d s r e t a i n e d a
s t r o n g a f f e c t i o n t o t h e K i n g , t o t h e C h u r c h , a n d t o G o v e r n m e n t } a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y w e r e
w e l l i n c l i n e d t o f o l l o w h i s L o r d s t i i p ' s e x a m p l e , a n d t o b e s w a y e d b y h i s a r g u m e n t s , w h i c h
w e r e a l w a y s d e l i v e r e d b y h i m w i t h p e c u l i a r a d v a n t a g e s o f g r a c e f u l n e s s a n d e l o c u t i o n .
H e w a s k n o w n t o b e c o n f i d e d in, a n d t o b e a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e v i e w s o f t h e C o u r t , w h e r e h e
w a s l o o k e d u p o n , n o t a s h a v i n g d e s e r t e d h i s p r i n c i p l e s o r h i s p a r t y , b u t a s h a v i n g r e
c e d e d f r o m t h e l e a d e r s o f o p p o s i t i o n , b e c a u s e t h e y h a r b o u r e d e x o r b i t a n t d e s i g n s u n d e r
fair p r e t e n s i o n s , a n d b e c a u s e h e w o u l d n o t p a r t f r o m h i s i n t e g r i t y . P e r h a p s if t h e t o o
g r e a t a c t i v i t y a n d restlessness o f h i s n a t u r e w o u l d h a v e p e r m i t t e d h i m t o h a v e f u t e n stillj
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d e n t s o f t h e t i m e s , h e m i g h t , in c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h w i f e , s o b e r , a n d m o d e r a t e m e n , h a v e
c o n t r i b u t e d , t o p r e v e n t t h e c a l a m i t i e s t h a t e n s u e d . B u t h i s d i s p o s i t i o n w a s i m p a t i e n t o f r e
p o s e , a n d h e a l w a y s e m b r a c e d t h e b o l d e s t a n d m o s t h a z a r d o u s c o u n s e l s , w h i c h h e t h o u g h t
w o u l d g i v e a g r e a t e r l u s t r e t o h i s w i t a n d c o n d u c t . T h i s u n h a p p y i n f i r m i t y a n d v a n i t y
m a d e h i m r e s e r v e d t o t h o s e w h o m h e m o s t i n t i m a t e l y c o n s u l t e d , a n d w i t h o u t w h o s e c o n
c u r r e n c e h e p r e t e n d e d t o r e s o l v e n o t h i n g . I n a n y d e t e r m i n a t i o n t h a t w a s a g r e e d u p o n
b e t w e e n t h e m , h e a l w a y s k e p t t o h i m s e l f s o m e i m p o r t a n t p a r t i c u l a r , w h i c h w o u l d i n
t r u t h h a v e c h a n g e d t h e w h o l e c o u n s e l , a n d h a v e c a u s e d t h e m all t o p r o t e s t a g a i n s t t h a t
w h i c h h e r e s o l v e d t o h a v e d o n e a s if it h a d b e e n a m a t t e r m u t u a l l y a d j u s t e d b e t w e e n
t h e m . N o r d i d h e a c t t h u s f r o m j e a l o u s y o r d i s t r u s t o f t h o s e w i t h w h o m h e w a s c o n
n e c t e d , o r f r o m a c o n t r a d i c t i o n t o t h e i r o p i n i o n s a n d j u d g m e n t , w i t h w h i c h h e w a s
m o s t r e a d y t o c o m p l y . I n d e e d , u p o n a n y d e b a t e , h e w a s m o r e easily p e r s u a d e d t o d e
p a r t f r o m h i s o w n i n c l i n a t i o n s t h a n a l m o s t a n y m a n t h a t w a s e v e r k n o w n w h o p o s s e s s e d
s u c h a n e x t e n t o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g . T h e r e s e r v a t i o n p r o c e e d e d o n l y f r o m a n o p i n i o n , t h a t
J i i s c o n c e a l i n g s o m e t h i n g w h i c h w a s u n i h o u g h t o f b y t h e r e s t w o u l d , in t h e s e q u e l ,
a d d g r e a t l y t o h i s o w n c r e d i t a n d r e p u t a t i o n . B y this u n f o r t u n a t e t u r n o f d i s p o s i t i o n h e
i n v o l v e d b o t h h i m s e l f a n d h i s R o y a l M a s t e r i n m a n y i n c o n v e n i e n c e s . S u c h a c c i d e n t s ,
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o f attainder against the Earl o f StrafTord ; a n d o n the " a justification o f m y L o r d o f Strafford's i n n o c e n c e ;

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K i n g h a d b e e n p r e v a i l e d u p o n t o c a u s e t h e six m e m b e r s t o b e a c c u s e d (o), L o r d D i g b y ,
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all t h e m i s e r i e s t h a t a f t e r w a r d s b e f e l t h e n a t i o n . N e v e r t h e l e s s , s o f a r w a s t h e g r e a t spi
rit o f L o r d D i g b y f r o m s i n k i n g , t h a t , w h e n h e s a w t h e w h o l e c i t y u p d f l t h e m a t t e r i n
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s t i c k b y h i m , t o s e i z e u p o n t h e p e r s o n s o f L o r d K i m b o l t o n , M r . H o l i e s , M r P y m , M r .
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** a n d o f f e r e d t o b e justified b y h i m , T h a t t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s h a d i n v a d e d t h e P r i -
v i k g e s o f t h e H o u s e o f L o r d s , a n d t h e L i b e r t y o f t h e S u b j e c l ; a n d t h a t h e d i d l i k e w i s e
n s a y , T h a t this w a s n o F r e e P a r l i a m e n t . " It w a s t h e r e f o r e d e s i r e d b y t h e C o m m b t t S j
t h a t r i g h t m i g h t b e d o n e t o t h e m a g a i n s t t h e L o r d D i g b y ; a n d t h a t , if n o s u c h w o r d s
w e r e s p o k e n b y h i m , a d e c l a r a t i o n s h o u l d b e set f o r t h b y t h e i r L o r d s h i p s , t o q u i t t h e
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w e r e r e f e r r e d t o t h e C o m m i t t e e f o r k e e p i n g a g o o d c o r r e s p o n d e n c y b e t w e e n t h e t w o
H o u s e s . T h i s t r a n s a c t i o n W a s s u c c e e d e d , o n t h e thirty-first o f t h e m o n t h , b y a W a r m
s p e e c h o f M r . P y m , o n t h e s a m e s u b j e c t . It w a s d e l i v e r e d at a c o n f e r e n c e w i t h t h e
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L o r d D i g b y w e r e o f t h e m o s t d a n g e r o u s c o n s e q u e n c e . T h e w o r d s , W h i c h h i s L o r d
s h i p w a s c h a r g e d t o h a v e s p o k e n , h a d , it s e e m s , a r e f e r e n c e t o t h e e x c l u s i o n o f t h e
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" o f n o n e effect, a n d n o t b i n d i n g t o t h e s u b j e c t . " It d o e s n o t a p p e a r , b y t h e J o u r n a l s
(f) Part Hist. D ^ e ' t n e r H o u s e , w h e t h e r a n y c e n s u r e w a s p a s s e d u p o n h i s L o r d s h i p ( y ) .
vol. x p. 136. A n o t h e r e v e n t s o o n h a p p e n e d , w h i c h e x c i t e d n o s m a l l d e g r e e o f a l a r m . I n t h e b c -
5 ' - 5 5 - g i n n i n g o f J a n u a r y , 1 6 4 1 - 2 , L o r d D i g b y w a s s e n t b y h i s M a j e s t y t o K i n g s t o n - u p o n -
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f o r d . A s A n t h o n y W o o d h a s d e s c r i b e d t h e m a t t e r , h e w e n t in a c o a c h w i t h six h o r s e s ,
a n d n o o t h e r e q u i p a g e w i t h h i m , s a v i n g o n l y a s e r v a n t r i d i n g b e h i n d h i m , a n d a c o m
p a n i o n in a c o a c h . B u t a v e r y d i f f e r e n t a c c o u n t o f t h e e x p e d i t i o n w a s c o m m u n i c a t e d t o
P a r l i a m e n t . T h e i n t e l l i g e n c e t h e r e r e c e i v e d w a s , t h a t h i s L o r d s h i p , t o g e t h e r w i t h
C o l o n e l L u n s f o r d , h a d c o l l e c t e d s o m e t r o o p s o f h o r s e , a n d h a d a p p e a r e d i n a r m s . U p o n
this it w a s o r d e r e d , t h a t t h e sheriffs a n d j u s t i c e s o f t h e p e a c e , in t h e d i f f e r e n t c o u n t i e s o f
t h e k i n g d o m , s h o u l d , w i t h t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f t h e t r a i n e d b a n d s , s u p p r e s s all u n l a w f u l
a s s e m b l i e s * a n d s e c u r e t h e m a g a z i n e s . A s e v e r e s p e e c h o n a c c o u n t o f t h e K i n g s t o n
b u s i n e s s , a g a i n s t L o r d D i g b y a n d C o l o n e l L u n s f o r d , w a s d e l i v e r e d b y S i r T h o m a s
S t a p y l t o n ; a n d t h e r e s u l t o f t h e affair w a s , t h a t h i s L o r d s h i p w a s c o m m a n d e d t o a t t e n d
h i s p l a c e , a s a P e e r o f t h e R e a l m , t o a n s w e r f o r h i m s e l f } a n d t h e C o l o n e l w a s c o m -
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m i t t e d to t h e T o w e r . T h e r e m u s t c e r t a i n l y h a v e b e e n m u c h m o r e in t h e e n t e r p r i z e
t h a n W o o d a n d o t h e r W r i t e r s h a v e r e p r e s e n t e d ; f o r i f L o r d D i g b y 's g o i n g t o K i n g s t o n
h a d b e e n a m e r e p r i v a t e j o u r n e y , it is n o t l i k e l y t h a t t h e H o n s e o f C o m m o n s s s i o u i d h a v e
b e e n s e i z e d w i t h ^ s u c h a l a r m , o r h a v e p r o c e e d e d w i t h s u c h v e h e m e n c e a g a i n s t h i m .
T h a t h e h i m s e l f r e g a r d e d t h e p a r l i a m e n t a r y p r o s e c u t i o n in a s e r i o u s l i g h t , is e v i d e n t
f r o m h i s n o t c o m p l y i n g w i t h t h e o r d e r o f t h e L o r d s , t o a p p e a r in h i s o w n justification,
b u t t h i n k i n g p r o p e r t o d e p a r t o u t o f t h e k i n g d o m (r). ( ) A*h. 6 x d
W h i l s t L o r d D i g b y w a s a b r o a d , i n H o l l a n d , t o w h i c h c o u n t r y h e h a d r e t r e a t e d , h e ^ i l w l V 7 9
s e n t a p a c k e t o f l e t t e r s t o E n g l a n d , u n d e r d i r e c t i o n t o M r . S e c r e t a r y N i c h o l a s , w h i c h M e . m * . P .j
h a p p e n e d t o b e i n t e r c e p t e d . A m o n g t h e s e w a s o n e a d d r e s s e d t o t h e Q u e e n , t h e m a n n e r '"'it a
o f t r e a t i n g w h i c h o c c a s i o n e d n o s m a l l difficulty. T h e L o r d s d i s p u t e d t h e p r o p r i e t y o f p.ic6,
o p e n i n g it, a n d s e n t t o k n o w t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s u p o n t h e m a t t e r .
T h e C o m m o n s r e t u r n e d f o r a n s w e r , t h a t t h e y h a d v o t e d it s h o u l d b e o p e n e d . T h e P e e r s ,
h o w e v e r , c o n c e i v i n g t h e affair t o b e o f g r e a t c o n s e q u e n c e , d e s i r e d a c o n f e r e n c e j t h e r e
p o r t o f w h i c h w a s , " T h a t t h e C o m m o n s said, t h e y s a w n o r e a s o n t o alter t h e i r v o t e ,
" ist, B e c a u s e it c o n c e r n e d t h e s a f e t y o f t h e K i n g d o m , for, b y t h i s m e a n s t h e evil spirit
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" letter s h o u l d b e d e l i v e r e d t o t h e Q u e e n u n o p e n e d , t h e P a r l i a m e n t m i g h t b e p u t t o a
' * d e a l o f t r o u b l e t o d i s c o v e r w h a t is p r e s e n t e d t o h e r M a j e s t y in t h e s e letters. 3 d l y ,
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" m e n t , t h e y c o n c e i v e d t h e y o u g h t n o t t o l o s e so h a p p y a n o c c a s i o n o f f e r e d to d o t h e S t a t e
" s e r v i c e ; w h i c h , if t h e y n e g l e c t e d , t h e y s h o u l d n o t b e a b l e t o a n s w e r . " O n this a
w a r m d e b a t e a r o s e in t h e L o r d s ; b u t , at last, it w a s o r d e r e d t h a t t h e letter s h o u l d b e
o p e n e d . T h i s affair p r o d u c e d a m e s s a g e f r o m t h e K i n g t o t h e f o l l o w i n g effect : t h a t t h e
Q u e e n r e q u e s t e d to h a v e a t r a n s c r i p t o f t h e letter s p e e d i l y s e n t t o h e r ; a n d t h a t , is t h e
P a r l i a m e n t d e s i r e d t o b e f u r t h e r satisfied f r o m h e r , o f a n y p a r t i c u l a r s m e n t i o n e d in t h a t
l etter, o r a n y c i r c u m s t a n c e s c o n c e r n i n g t h e f a m e , so f a r f o r t h a s m i g h t a n y w a y r e l a t e
u n t o o r r e f l e c t u p o n h e r P e r s o n , o r a n y w h a t s o e v e r c o n c e r n i n g h e r , s h e w a s r e a d y , a n d
v e r y w i l l i n g , t o g i v e d u e s a t i s f a c t i o n t h e r e i n (j). N o d i s c o v e r y a p p e a r s t o h a v e b e e n (0 ibidem,
t h e r e s u l t o f t h e s e p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e C o m m o n s ; a n d w e m u s t c o n f e s s t h a t t h e i r t r e a t - p 293>*94 J9-
m e n t o f t h e Q u e e n d o e s n o t a c c o r d w i t h o u r f e e l i n g s . T h e b e s t t h i n g t h a t c a n b e s a i d -
i n t h e i r f a v o u r is, t h a t in a s e a s o n o f g e n e r a l a p p r e h e n s i o n s , j e a l o u s i e s , a n d r e s e n t m e n t s ,
t h e m o s t trivial m a t t e r s a r e o f t e n d e e m e d o f g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e .
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D i g b y o f h i g h - t r e a s o n . T h e c h a r g e w a s e x h i b i t e d at a c o n f e r e n c e w i t h t h e L o r d s , a n d
s e n t u p b y S i r J o h n E v e l y n , w h o m a d e a s p e e c h i n its s u p p o r t . It c o n s i s t e d o f t h r e e
articles, t o t h e f o l l o w i n g p u r p o r t : " ist, T h a t , in o r a b o u t t h e m o n t h o F J a n u a r y p r e
c e d i n g , h e h a d m a l i c i o u f l y a n d t r a i t e r o u s l y e n d e a v o u r e d to p e r s u a d e t h e K i n g to levy-
f o r c e s a g a i n s t his l i e g e s u b j e c t s w i t h i n t h i s k i n g d o m ; a n d t h a t h e d i d a c t u a l l y l e v y f o r c e s
w i t h i n t h e r e a l m , t o t h e t e r r o r o f h i s M a j e s t y ' s s u b j e c t s . 2 d l y , T h a t h e h a d falsely,
m a l i c i o u s l y , a n d t r a i t e r o u s l y , l a b o u r e d t o raise a j e a l o u s y a n d d i s s e n s i o n b e t w e n t h e K i n g
a n d h i s P e o p l e , a n d t o p o s s e s s h i s M a j e s t y t h a t h e c o u l d n o t live w i t h s a f e t y o f his P e r s o n
a m o n g t h e m ; a n d d i d t h e r e u p o n e n d e a v o u r t o p e r s u a d e h i s M a j e s t y t o b e t a k e h i m s e l f
t o s o m e p l a c e o f s t r e n g t h f o r his d e f e n c e . 3 d l y , T h a t h e h a d e n d e a v o u r e d to stir u p
j e a l o u s i e s a n d d i s s e n t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e K i n g a n d P a r l i a m e n t ; a n d , t o t h a t e n d a n d p u r
p o s e , d i d w i c k e d l y a d v i s e t h e f r a m i n g c e r t a i n false a n d s c a n d a l o u s articles o f h i g h - t r e a
s o n a g a i n s t t h e L o r d K i m b o l t o n , D e n z i l l H o l i e s , E s q . & c . a n d d i d p e r s u a d e h i s M a j e s t y ,
a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h d i v e r s s o l d i e r s , a n d o t h e r s i n w a r l i k e m a n n e r , t o c o m e in p e r s o n i n t o
t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s , a n d d e m a n d t h e s a i d M e m b e r s o f t h e s a i d H o u s e t h e n s i t t i n g ;
t o t h e a p p a r e n t d a n g e r o f h i s M a j e s t y ' s p e r s o n , a n d in h i g h v i o l a t i o n o f t h e p r i v i l e g e s
a n d b e i n g o f P a r l i a m e n t s ( / ) . " H o w e v e r t r u e , i n g e n e r a l , w e r e t h e s e a c c u s a t i o n s o f (,) pari. Hist.
L o r d D i g b y , it w o u l d n o t h a v e b e e n e a s y , a t t h a t t i m e , t o h a v e e s t a b l i s h e d t h e w h o l e o f ^ " P - p - 3 ' 4
t h e m u p o n full p r o o f ; a n d it w o u l d h a v e b e e n still m o r e difficult t o h a v e m a d e t h e m 3
a m o u n t , i n t h e strict a n d l e g a l s e n s e , t o a j u s t c o n v i c t i o n o f t r e a s o n . It w o u l d h a v e
b e e n a g r e a t e r i n s t a n c e o f w i s d o m , a s w e l l a s o f m o d e r a t i o n , t o h a v e i m p e a c h e d h i m o n l y
o f h i g h c r i m e s a n d m i s d e m e a n o r s . B u t t h e r e w a s a v i o l e n c e in all t h e p r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e
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g e n u i n e p a t r i o t i s m . H i s d e s e r t i o n o f t h e m in t h e c a s e o f t h e E a r l o f S t r a f f o r d , a n d h i s
s p e e c h o n t h e bill o f a t t a i n d e r , w e r e o f f e n c e s n e v e r t o b e f o r g i v e n . O n t h e t w e n t y -
n i n t h o f A p r i l , 1 6 4 2 , a m e s s a g e w a s s e n t f r o m t h e C o m m o n s t o t h e L o r d s , d e s i r i n g t h a t
a d a y m i g h t b e a s s i g n e d f o r t h e m t o c o m e u p , a n d d e m a n d j u s t i c e a g a i n s t L o r d D i g b y .
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a n y f a r t h e r p r o s e c u t i o n o f t h e b u s i n e s s . T h e C o m m o n s h a d b e e n s t i m u l a t e d , in this lair
m e a s u r e , b y a n a p p r e h e n s i o n t h a t t h e L o r d D i g b y , in h i s letters t o t h e Q u e e n , h a d a d
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h i s f o r e i g n r e t r e a t . H e c o n t r i v e d t o t r a n s p o r t h i m s e l f t o Y o r k , w h e r e h e s t a y e d s o m e
d a y s in d i s g u i s e , b e i n g k n o w n t o v e r y f e w f r i e n d s , a n d s p e a k i n g w i t h t h e K i n g in so
s e c r e t a m a n n e r in t h e n i g h t , t h a t n o n o t i c e w a s t a k e n o f h i s b e i n g t h e r e . F i n d i n g h i s
M a j e s t y ' s affairs n o t t o b e i n f o p r o s p e r o u s a s i t u a t i o n as h e h a d e x p e c t e d , a n d c o n c e i v i n g t h a t
it w a s n o t y e t p r o p e r f o r h i m t o a p p e a r , h e d e t e r m i n e d t o r e t u r n a g a i n t o H o l l a n d , a n d
t o h a s t e n a p r o v i s i o n o f a r m s a n d a m m u n i t i o n f o r t h e R o y a l C a u s e . H e e m b a r k e d in t h e
s a m e vessel w h i c h h a d b r o u g h t h i m t o E n g l a n d ; b u t t h e s h i p b e i n g p u r s u e d , h e w a s
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d i s g u i s e d h i m s e l f , t h a t h i s n e a r e s t f r i e n d s c o u l d n o t easily h a v e k n o w n h i m . H e p r e t e n d e d
t o b e a F r e n c h m a n , t h e l a n g u a g e o f w h i c h c o u n t r y h e s p o k e e x c e l l e n t l y ; a n d h e a p
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p e r u s e d . W h e n h e c a m e o n s h o r e , h e s o w e l l c o u n t e r f e i t e d s i c k n e s s a n d w a n t o f h e a l t h ,
t h a t h e o b t a i n e d l e a v e t o b e s e n t , u n d e r a g u a r d , t o s o m e o b s c u r e c o r n e r , f o r r e p o s e . l a
t h i s c o n f i n e m e n t h e b e g a n s e r i o u s l y t o reflect o n t h e d e s p e r a t e n e s s o f h is c o n d i t i o n . H e
d i d n o t t h i n k it p o s s i b l e f o r h i m t o c o n t i n u e l o n g c o n c e a l e d ; a n d , if h e s h o u l d b e d i s
c o v e r e d , h e k n e w t h a t h e w a s s o o d i o u s , a b o v e all o t h e r m e n , t o t h e P a r l i a m e n r , t h a t
h i s life w o u l d b e in t h e g r e a t e s t d a n g e r . A t t h e f a m e t i m e , h e w a s s e n s i b l e t h a t S i r
J o h n H o t h a m , t h e G o v e r n o r o f H u l l , w a s h i s e n e m y , a n d t h a t h e w a s a m a n o f a c o v e
t o u s , r o u g h , a n d u n f e e l i n g d i s p o s i t i o n . N e v e r t h e l e s s , h e r e s o l v e d t o d i s c o v e r h i m s d f
t o h i m . A c c o r d i n g l y , L o r d D i g b y , i n b r o k e n E n g l i s h , w h i c h m i g h t w e l l h a v e b e c o r n c
a n y F r e n c h m a n , f o u n d m e a n s t o m a k e o n e o f h i s g u a r d u n d e r s t a n d , t h a t h e d e s i r e d t o
s p e a k p r i v a t e l y w i t h t h e G o v e r n o r ; a n d t h a t h e w o u l d r e v e a l s o m e s e c r e t s o f t h e K i n g ' s
a n d Q u e e n ' s t o h i m , t h a t w o u l d h i g h l y a d v a n c e t h e p u b l i c s e r v i c e . U p o n b e i n g i n
t r o d u c e d t o S i r J o h n H o t h a m , a n d t a k e n t o a p r i v a t e p a r t o f t h e r o o m , h e a s k e d , in
E n g l i s h , " W h e t h e r h e k n e w h i m ? " T h e o t h e r , s u r p r i z e d at t h e q u e s t i o n , t o l d h i m ,
N o . " " T h e n , " said L o r d D i g b y , " I s h a l l t r y w h e t h e r I k n o w S i r J o h n H o t h a m ,
" a n d w h e t h e r h e b e in t r u t h , t h e s a m e m a n o f h o n o u r I h a v e a l w a y s t a k e n h i m t o b e . "
U p o n this h e i n f o r m e d t h e G o v e r n o r w h o h e w a s , a n d t h a t h e h o p e d h e w a s t o o m u c h
o f a G e n t l e m a n t o d e l i v e r h i m u p a sacrifice t o t h o s e w h o w e r e h i s i m p l a c a b l e e n e m i e s .
S i r J o h n H o t h a m w a s s o s t r u c k w i t h L o r d D i g b y ' s g r e a t n e s s o f m i n d , a n d w i t h t h e c o m
p l i m e n t p a i d t o h i m s e l f , t h a t , c o n t r a r y t o w h a t m i g h t h a v e b e e n e x p e c t e d , b o t h f r o m h i s
o w n n a t u r e , a n d t h e m o s t p o w e r f u l m o t i v e s o f interest a n d a m b i t i o n , h e t o l d h i s L o r d
s h i p , t h a t s i n c e h e h a d p l a c e d s u c h a c o n f i d e n c e in h i m , h e w o u l d n o t d e c e i v e h i s t r u s t ;
a n d w i s h e d h i m t o c o n s i d e r in w h a t w a y , a n d u n d e r w h a t p r e t e n c e , h e s h o u l d b e set a t
l i b e r t y . A t l e n g t h it w a s a g r e e d , t h a t t h e F r e n c h m a n s h o u l d b e o p e n l y s e n t t o Y o r k , a s
g o i n g u p o n a p o l i t i c a l b u s i n e s s , w i t h a n a s s u r a n c e t h a t h e w o u l d r e t u r n t o H u l l . I n t h e
c o n v e r s a t i o n s w h i c h , at t h i s t i m e , L o r d D i g b y h a d w i t h t h e G o v e r n o r , h e u s e d e v e r y
a r g u m e n t t o p e r s u a d e h i m t o e n g a g e i n t h e K i n g ' s s e r v i c e i a n d it w a s u p o n s o m e e n
c o u r a g e m e n t o f t h a t k i n d , t h a t a n e x p e d i t i o n w h i c h h i s M a j e s t y s h o r t l y a f t e r m a d e t o
B e v e r l e y , w a s f o u n d e d . T o f o r w a r d t h e d e s i g n , o u r e n t e r p r i z i n g N o b l e m a n r e t u r n e d
t o H u l l i n h i s o l d d i s g u i s e : b u t all h i s efforts t o p r e v a i l u p o n S i r J o h n H o t h a m t o s u r
r e n d e r t h e t o w n w e r e i n v a i n . S i r J o h n ' s s o n , a n d t h e p r i n c i p a l officers, w e r e d e v o t e d
t o P a r l i a m e n t , a n d n e w s u p p l i e s o f m e n w e r e s e n t i n t o t h e p l a c e ; s o t h a t t h e G o v e r n o r
(w ) clarendon's e i t h e r w a n t e d t h e c o u r a g e o r t h e p o w e r t o e x e c u t e w h a t h e d e s i r e d ( w ) .
Rebeu[onf " W A f f a i r s n o w d r a w i n g t o a n e x t r e m i t y , L o r d D i g b y o p e n l y a p p e a r e d w i t h t h e K i n g a t
v o l . i. p. 7 0 4 Y o r k ; a n d w h e n t h e civil w a r b r o k e o u t , h e r a i s e d a r e g i m e n t o f h o r s e , a n d c h a r g e d a t
t h e h e a d o f it in t h e b a t t l e o f E d g e - H i l l , w i t h as m u c h c o u r a g e a s a n y m a n in t h e a r m y .
H e a f t e r w a r d s m a r c h e d w i t h P r i n c e R u p e r t t o w a r d s t h e N o r t h , a n d , in t h e w a y , f i n d i n g
t h e c l o s e i n t h e c i t y o f L i c h f i e l d g a r r i s o n e d b y t h e P a r l i a m e n t ' s f o r c e s , a n d s e c u r e d b y
a s t r o n g w a l l a n d a m o t e , a n d t h e P r i n c e r e s o l v i n g t o r e d u c e it, t h e f o o t w e r e o r d e r e d
t o s t o r m it ; b u t n o t b e i n g sufficient i n n u m b e r f o r s u c h a g e n e r a l a s s a u l t a s w a s n e c e s s a r y ,
t h e y w e r e b e a t e n off. L o r d D i g b y , t h e r e f o r e , t o e n c o u r a g e t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e h o r s e
t o m a k e a n a t t e m p t i n a n o t h e r p l a c e , o f f e r e d t o g o h i m s e l f a t t h e h e a d o f t h e m ; a n d
a c c o r d i n g l y , l e d t h e m t h r o u g h t h e m o t e t o a d i f f e r e n t p a r t o f t h e w a l l , w h i c h w a s
t h o u g h t t o b e w e a k e r . B y t h i s d i v e r s i o n , t h e g a r r i s o n w i t h i n b e i n g d i v i d e d i n t o s e v e
ral q u a r t e r s , t h e f o o t e n t e r e d t h e p l a c e , a n d m a d e t h e m s e l v e s m a s t e r s o f it, t h o u g h w i t h
g r e a t difficulty a n d w i t h g r e a t loss. M a n y o f t h e h o r s e officers, l i k e w i s e , w h o h a d p a s s e d
t h r o u g h t h e m o t e w e r e k i l l e d , a n d t h e rest r e p u l s e d . L o r d D i g b y h i m s e l f , b e i n g in t h e
m u d u p t o t h e m i d d l e , w a s s h o t t h r o u g h t h e t h i g h w i t h a m u s q u e t - b u l l e t , a n d b r o u g h t
(x) Clarendon's o f f w i t h e x t r a o r d i n a r y h a z a r d . I n n o l o n g t i m e h e r e c o v e r e d o f his w o u n d s (.v).
v o u n ^ A p - S o o n a f t e r this a c t i o n , L o r d D i g b y , n o t b e i n g t r e a t e d w i t h t h a t r e s p e c t b y P r i n c e
p e n d i x p . t v i . R u p e r t w h i c h h e p r o m i s e d h i m s e l f , a n d w h i c h h e t h o u g h t w a s d u e t o h i s m e r i t , g a v e tip
h i s r e g i m e n t o f h o r s e , a n d r e t i r e d t o t h e C o u r t , w e r e h e w a s s u r e o f m e e t i n g w i t h a
v e r y g r a c i o u s r e c e p t i o n . I n t h e n e g o t i a t i o n s f o r a t r e a t y o f p e a c e b e t w e e n t h e K i n g
a n d t h e P a r l i a m e n t , w h i c h w e r e c a r r i e d o n a t O x f o r d , in t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e Y e a r
3 * * 6 4 3 .
 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) . 2 2 3

1 6 4 3 , h i s L o r d s h i p w a s e x c e p t e d f r o m p a r d o n . C o n s i d e r i n g h i s i n f l u e n c e w i t h h i s M a
j e s t y , t h i s c i r c u m s t a n c e m a y r e a s o n a b l y b e s u p p o s e d , a m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s , t o h a v e c o n
t r i b u t e d t o t h e u n s u c c e s s f u l n e s s o f t h e p a c i f i c a t i o n . T h o u g h L o r d D i g b v q u i t t e d h i s
r e g u l a r c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e r o v a l a r m y , h i s a r d e n t spirit w o u l d n o t p e r m i t h i m t o t a l l y t o
a b s t a i n f r o m m i l i t a r y a c t i o n . W h e n t h e s i e g e o f G l o u c e s t e r h a d b e e n r a i s e d , h e j o i n e d
t h e f o r c e s t h a t w e r e f o l l o w i n g t h e K a r l o f E s s e x , a n d w a s in a n e n g a g e m e n t at A u b u m e ,
w h e r e , i n c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h e p o w d e r o f a pistol b e i n g ( h o t i n h i s f a c e , ir w a s a p p r e
h e n d e d t h a t h e w o u l d h a v e lost b o t h his e y e s . H e e s c a p e d t h e m o r e i m m e d i a t e d a n g e r
o f t h e b u l l e t , b y its p a s t i n g b y , o r d r o p p i n g o n t h e g r o u n d . O n t h e n e x t d a y . b e i n g
t h e t w e n t i e t h o f S e p t e m b e r , 1 6 4 3 , w a s f o u g h t t h e b a t t l e o f N e w b u r y , in w h i c h L o d
F a l k l a n d , o n e o f t h e S e c r e t a r i e s o f S t a t e , w a s slain ; a n d , i n a little t i m e , L o r d D i g b y
w a s a p p o i n t e d t h e s u c c e s s o r t o t h a t office. H e b r o u g h t w i t h h i m t o it a b i l i t i e s s u p e r i o r
t o t h o s e o f his p r e d e c e s s o r ; b u t n o t , w e a r e a f r a i d , t h e f a m e p u r i t y a n d v i r t u e . T h i s
a p p o i n t m e n t w a s s p e e d i l y f o l l o w e d b y h i s h a v i n g t h e h o n o u r o f b e i n g e l e c t e d H i g h
S t e w a r d o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f O x f o r d , in t h e r o o m o f W i l l i a m L o r d S a y , w h o w a s d i s
p l a c e d o n a c c o u n t o f h i s a d h e r e n c e to t h e P a r l i a m e n t ( y ) . T h o u g h I o r d D i g b y e x e r t e d ^/s^1r*rendso'
h i m s e l f w i t h g r e a t d i l i g e n c e in h i s n e w office, a n d w a s full o f s c h e m e s f o r b i s M a j e s t y ' s Athen. oxon.
s e r v i c e ; h e w a s n o t so h a p p y a s t o b e s u c c e s s f u l in a n y o f his e n t e r p r i z e s . I n D e c e m - ublsu^*-
b e r , 1 6 4 3 , h e e n g a g e d in a p r o j e c t f o r a t r e a t y b e t w e e n t h e K i n g a n d t h e C i t y o f
L o n d o n ; b u t a letter w h i c h h e w r o t e t o S i r B a s i l B r o o k e o n t h e s u b j e c t w a s i n t e r c e p t
e d ( 2 ) ; a n d , i n d e e d , c o n s i d e r i n g t h e t e m p e r o f t h e m e t r o p o l i s , t h e w h o l e s c h e m e w a s v o i . x u " " * *
v i s i o n a r y a n d g r o u n d l e s s . N e x t y e a r h i s L o r d l h i p w a s e q u a l l y u n s u c c e s s f u l in a n o t h e r p- i i '4-
o f h i s a t t e m p t s , w h i c h w a s t o p r e v a i l u p o n M a j o r G e n e r a l B r O w n t o b e t r a y A b i n g d o n ; ; a
s e r v i c e t h a t , f r o m t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e t o w n t o O x f o r d , w o u l d h a v e b e e n h i g h l y a c c e p t s . *
b l e t o t h e R o y a l P a r t y . T h e n e g o t i a t i o n w a s c a r r i e d o n , b y m e s s e n g e r s a n d letters,
f o r t e n w e e k s t o g e t h e r ; a u d g r e a t o f f e r s o f p r e f e r m e n t a n d r e w a r d w e r e m a l e t o t h e
G e n e r a l , if h e w o u l d g i v e u p t h e p l a c e . B y t h e a d v i c e o f a f r i e n d , w h o m h e c o n
s u l t e d , a n d w h o s e a d v i c e w a s a g r e e a b l e t o h i s o w n o p i n i o n , B r o w n e n t e r t a i n e d t h e t r e a t y ,
m e w e d a s t r o n g d i s p o s i t i o n t o c o m p l y w i t h D i g b y ' s p r o p o s a l , a n d , in t h e m e a n t i m e ,
t o o k c a r e t o g e t t h e w o r k s a b o u t t h e t o w n p u t i n t o a p o s t u r e o f d e f e n c e . S o d e l i g h t e d
w a s L o r d D i g b y w i t h t h e p r o s p e c t b e f o r e h i m , t h a t h e b o a s t e d , t h a t b y h i s w i t a n d
e l o q u e n c e h e h a d p r e v a i l e d o v e r t h e s V o o d m o n g e r , a s h e stiled t h e G e n e r a l . W h e n ,
h o w e v e r , h e insisted u p o n A b i n g d o n ' s b e i n g s u r r e n d e r e d o n a p a r t i c u l a r d a y , B r o w n ,
h a v i n g c o m p l e t e d h i s w o r k s , g a v e h i s L o r d s h i p a p o s i t i v e d e n i a l ; b y w h i c h h e w a s
m u c h d i s a p p o i n t e d a n d e n r a g e d ( a ) . W h e n , in t h e y e a r 1 6 4 5 , t n e M a r q u i s o f M o n - t wutetocirt
t r o s e h a d o b t a i n e d h i s s p l e n d i d v i c t o r i e s in S c o t l a n d , L o r d D i g b y c o n c e i v e d t h e d e s i g n MeJMri,^j
o f d e t a c h i n g t h e S c o t t i s h a r m y in E n g l a n d f r o m t h e p a r l i a m e n t a r y c a u s e , a n d o f e n g a g - P * "
i n g it t o j o i n w i t h t h e K i n g a n d t h e M a r q u i s in s u c h a s e t t l e m e n t o f t h e n a t i o n a l d i f
f e r e n c e s a s s h o u l d b e m u t u a l l y a g r e e d u p o n . F o r t h i s p u r p o s e , h e w r o t e , i n t h e m o s t
e a r n e s t m a n n e r , t o t h e E a r l s o f L e v e n a n d C a l a n d a r , a n d t h e o t h e r C o m m a n d e r s o f t h e
S c o t c h f o r c e s , u r g i n g e v e r y c o n s i d e r a t i o n , w i t h w h i c h h i s g r e a t abilities c o u l d s u p p l y
h i m , t o p r e v a i l u p o n t h e m t o c o n c u r in h i s s c h e m e . A m o n g o t h e r t h i n g s , h e p r o m i s e d
a n a b s o l u t e s e c u r i t y t o S c o t l a n d in t h e m a t t e r o f Pi.e]igion. T h e p r i n c i p a l l e t t e r n e v e r
c a m e t o h a n d ; b u t a n o t h e r , t o t h e s a m e effect, w a s t r a n s m i t t e d b y t h e E a r l o f L e v e n t o
t h e P a r l i a m e n t ( ) . A little b e f o r e this t r a n s a c t i o n , w h i c h t o o k p l a c e in t h e b e g i n n i n g (*) clarendon's
o f O c t o b e r , L o r d D i g b y w a s c o n s t i t u t e d L i e u t e n a n t G e n e r a l o f all t h e K i n g ' s f o r c e s v ^ U L f c t s U "
N o r t h o f T r e n t ; i n w h i c h c a p a c i t y h e s u r p r i z e d , in t h e s a m e m o n t h , n e a r F e r r y - b r i d g e 19*-
i n Y o r k s h i r e , f o u r h u n d r e d o f t h e p a r l i a m e n t a r y p a r t y , w i t h t h e i r a r m s , a n d d i s c o m f i t e d voi'xrv^"
a r e g i m e n t o f h o r s e . T h i s g o o d f o r t u n e w a s o f v e r y s h o r t d u r a t i o n . I n a d a y o r t w o p 74. "S-
t h e r o y a l f o r c e s u n d e r h i s L o r d s h i p ' s c o m m a n d w e r e d e f e a t e d ; a n d t h e C o l o n e l s C o r n a b y
a n d B u t t o n , s e v e r a l officers, a n d f o r t y o t h e r s , w e r e slain. T h e n u m b e r o f t h e p r i s o n e r s
w a s still g r e a t e r ; c o n s i s t i n g o f f o u r C o l o n e l s , m a n y i n f e r i o r o f f i c e r s a n d p r i v a t e g e n t l e
m e n , a n d b e t w e e n t h r e e a n d f o u r h u n d r e d t r o o p e r s . L o r d D i g b y ' s c o a c h , in w h i c h
w e r e t h e C o u n t e s s o f N i t h e f d a l e a n d t h e K i n g ' s S u r g e o n , w a s l i k e w i s e t a k e n ; a n d in it
w e r e f o u n d v a r i o u s l e t t e r s a n d p a p e r s , a n d , a m o n g t h e rest, a letter t o a M e m b e r o f
t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s , w h i c h o c c a s i o n e d h i s e x p u l s i o n . S o i m p o r t a n t w a s this a c t i o n
d e e m e d b y t h e P a r l i a m e n t , t h a t t h e m e s s e n g e r w h o b r o u g h t t h e g o o d n e w s o f it w a s r e
w a r d e d w i t h a p r e s e n t o f f o r t y p o u n d s (c). W h a t a d d e d t o L o r d D i g b y ' s distress w a s , ( 0 Contort
a n i r r c c o n c i l e a b l c d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n h i m a n d t h e g r e a t e s t p a r t o f t h e officers o f t h e v X v i n .
a r m y . I n stiort, h e h a d b e e n s o u n f o r t u n a t e , b o t h in h i s p o l i t i c a l a n d m i l i t a r y e n t e r - p- ^sj-
p r i z e s , t h a t , w i t h t h e full a p p r o b a t i o n a n d c o n s e n t o f h i s R o y a l M a s t e r , h e w a s o b l i g e d M e m o r i a l s
t o retire f r o m his M a j e s t y ' s i m m e d i a t e s e r v i c e , t h o u g h w i t h o u t g i v i n g u p h i s office, a s ? '11-
o n e o f t h e S e c r e t a r i e s o f S t a t e , U p o n this o c c a s i o n , h e w e n t o v e r t o I r e l a n d , w h e r e
t h e first t h i n g h e d i d w a s , t o c o m m i t t h e E a r l o f G l a m o r g a n t o p r i s o n . H i s r e a s o n s f o r
t h i s m e a s u r e w e r e e x p l a i n e d at l a r g e , in a letter w h i c h h e w r o t e t o M r . S e c r e t a r y
N i c h o l a s , a n d w h i c h b e i n g i n t e r c e p t e d w a s laid b e f o r e P a r l i a m e n t . F r o m t h e l e t t e r it 5 2 t e % S J *
a p p e a r s , t h a t h i g h a s L o r d D i g b y s t o o d in h i s M a j e s t y ' s c o n f i d e n c e , h e h a d n o t b e e n vol . ni. A p -
p t i v y t o t h e K i n g ' s s e c r e t t r a n s a c t i o n s w i t h G l a m o r g a n (</), p ^ f * Tst L V t
A n e w Vol ' x i v .
r- a itl ax l.
2 2 4 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e . )

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t h a n h i s f o r m e r d i s a p p o i n t m e n t s a n d m i s f o r t u n e s w e r e f o r g o t t e n , a n d h e b e l i e v e d t h a t
h e w a s u p o n a s t a g e w h e r e h e m o u l d act w o n d e r s , a n d u n i t e all t h e d i v i d e d affections,
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t o t h e K i n g ' s service. T h i s , t o o , w a s at a t i m e w h e n t h e affairs o f t h e Irish r e b e l s ,
u n d e r t h e d i r e c t i o n o f t h e P o p i s h N u n c i o , w e r e in a v e r y f l o u r i u Y m g situation, a n d t h e
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D u b l i n . T h e P r i n c e o f W a l e s h a d lately t a k e n r e f u g e in t h e isle o f S c i l l y , w h i c h h e
f o u n d i n a m u c h w e a k e r c o n d i t i o n t h a n h e h a d a p p r e h e n d e d . H e a p p l i e d , t h e r e f o r e ,
t o t h e M a r q u i s o f O r m o n d , r e q u e s t i n g t h a t a h u n d r e d m e n , w i t h g o o d officers, m i g h t
b e s e n t t o h i m a s a g u a r d t o h i s p e r s o n . L o r d D i g b y i m m e d i a t e l y c o n c e i v e d , t h a t t h e
P r i n c e ' s p r e s e n c e io I r e l a n d w o u l d c o m p o s e all t h e f a c t i o n s t h e r e , r e d u c e t h e k i n g d o m
t o h i s M a j e s t y ' s s e r v i c e , a n d o b l i g e t h e P o p e ' s N u n c i o , w h o w a s a n e n e m y t o t h e p e a c e ,
t o q u i t h i s a m b i t i o u s d e s i g n s . N o r w a s t h e L o r d L i e u t e n a n t w h o l l y a v e r s e t o t h e
s c h e m e ; b u t b e i n g s e n s i b l e o f t h e difficulties i n w h i c h it w a s i n v o l v e d , h e d e c l i n e d g i v i n g
h i s p o s i t i v e a d v i c e u p o n t h e s u b j e c t . L o r d D i g b y , h o w e v e r , w h o a l w a y s c o n c l u d e d t h a t
t h a t w a s fit t o b e d o n e w h i c h h i s first t h o u g h t s s u g g e s t e d , a n d w h o n e v e r d o u b t e d a b o u t
t h e e x e c u t i o n o f a n y t h i n g w h i c h h e o n c e l o o k e d u p o n a s p r o p e r t o b e a t t e m p t e d , e m
b a r k e d f o r S c i l l y , w i t h t w o f r i g a t e s , w h i c h h a d b e e n s e n t w i t h t h e s u p p l y o f o f f i c e r s a n d
m e n t h a t h a d b e e n d e s i r e d ; a n d h e w e n t w i t h a full a s s u r a n c e t h a t , b y t h e s t r e n g t h o f
h i s o w n r e a s o n a l o n e , h e s h o u l d b e a b l e t o p r e v a i l u p o n t h e P r i n c e o f W a l e s , a n d t h e
C o u n c i l w h i c h a t t e n d e d h i m , t o r e p a i r t o D u b l i n . B u t w h e n t h e vessels a r r i v e d a t S c i l l y ,
t h e P r i n c e h a d t r a n s p o r t e d h i m s e l f t o J e r s e y , a s a p l a c e o f g r e a t e r s e c u r i t y a n d a c c o m m o
d a t i o n . T o this island, t h e r e f o r e , L o r d D i g b y s a i l e d a s s p e e d i l y a s p o s s i b l e , a n d lost n o
t i m e i n a c q u a i n t i n g h i s H i g h n e s s w i t h t h e h a p p y state a n d c o n d i t i o n o f I r e l a n d . T h e
p e a c e , h e said, w a s c o n c l u d e d , a n d t w e l v e t h o u s a n d m e n w e r e r e a d y t o e m b a r k f o r
E n g l a n d ; a n d s u c h w e r e t h e z e a l a n d a f f e c t i o n o f t h e L o r d L i e u t e n a n t , t h a t , o n t h e
P r i n c e ' s r e p a i r i n g t o I r e l a n d , h e w o u l d f i n d t h e w h o l e k i n g d o m d e v o t e d t o h i s s e r v i c e .
O n t h e s e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s , L o r d D i g b y u r g e d h i s H i g h n e s s , w i t h o u t f a r t h e r d e l i b e r a t i o n ,
t o p u t h i m s e l f o n b o a r d t h e f r i g a t e s , w h i c h , h e s a i d w e r e e x c e l l e n t sailers, a n d fit f o r
h i s s e c u r e t r a n s p o r t a t i o n . T h e P r i n c e r e p l i e d , t h a t t h e p r o p o s a l w a s o f t o o i m p o r t a n t a
n a t u r e t o a d m i t o f s o h a s t y a r e s o l u t i o n , t h a t t h e Q u e e n h a d r e q u i r e d h i m t o retire t o
P a r i s ; a n d t h a t , t h o u g h h e h a d s e n t t o e x c u s e h i s n o t g i v i n g a r e a d y o b e d i e n c e t o h e r
c o m m a n d s , it w o u l d b e u n b e c o m i n g in h i m t o r e m o v e f r o m J e r s e y w i t h o u t w a i t i n g f o r
t h e r e t u r n o f t h e m e s s e n g e r s ; b e s i d e w h i c h , it w o u l d b e h i g h l y p r o p e r t o d e f e r t h e m a t
t e r till s o m e a c c o u n t s w e r e r e c e i v e d f r o m t h e K i n g . T h i s r e a s o n a b l e a n s w e r w a s n o t a c
all s a t i s f a c t o r y t o L o r d D i g b y , w h o w a s so a r d e n t in t h e p r o s e c u t i o n o f h i s s c h e m e , t h a t
h e e n d e a v o u r e d t o p e r s u a d e o n e o f t h e P r i n c e ' s p r i v y - c o u n c i l , w i t h w h o m h e h a d a p a r
t i c u l a r f r i e n d s h i p , t o j o i n w i t h h i m in c a r r y i n g h i s H i g h n e s s t o I r e l a n d , e v e n w i t h o u t
a n d a g a i n s t h i s c o n s e n t . H a v i n g f a i l e d in t h i s a t t e m p t , h e i m m e d i a t e l y f o r m e d a n o t h e r
d e t e r m i n a t i o n , w h i c h w a s t o g o o v e r t o F r a n c e . H e d i d n o t in t h e least q u e s t i o n b u t
t h a t h e s h o u l d c o n v e r t t h e Q u e e n f r o m t h e d e s i g n o f s e n d i n g f o r h e r s o n t o P a r i s , a n d
easily o b t a i n h e r a p p r o b a t i o n o f h i s r e p a i r i n g t o I r e l a n d . H i s L o r d s h i p w a s e q u a l l y c o n
f i d e n t , t h a t w i t h h e r M a j e s t y ' s assistance, a n d , b y h i s o w n d e x t e r i t y , h e s h o u l d b e a b l e
t o p r o c u r e s u c h a s u p p l y o f m o n e y f r o m t h e F r e n c h G o v e r n m e n t , a s w o u l d a d d g r e a t l y
t o h i s o w n r e p u t a t i o n , a n d r e n d e r h i m t h e m o s t w e l c o m e m a n a l i v e t o t h e M a r q u i s o f
O r m o n d . T r a n s p o r t e d w i t h this i m a g i n a t i o n , h e d e p a r t e d f r o m J e r s e y , l e a v i n g at t h e s a m e
t i m e h i s t w o s h i p s a n d h i s soldiers, t o g e t h e r w i t h h a l f a d o z e n g e n t l e m e n o f q u a l i t y ,
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m o n e y t o subsist u p o n d u r i n g h i s a b s e n c e (e). 1(jjodon'
A s s o o n a s L o r d D i g b y c a m e t o P a r i s , a n d h a d visited t h e Q u e e n , w h o m h e f o u n d p. l v i l i x .
r e s o l u t e l y b e n t t o h a v e t h e P r i n c e h e r s o n i m m e d i a t e l y w i t h h e r , h e w a i t e d u p o n C a r
d i n a l M a z a r i n e . T h e C a r d i n a l , w h o w a s n o s t r a n g e r t o his L o r d s s i i p ? s d i s p o s i t i o n a n d
c h a r a c t e r , t r e a t e d h i m w i t h e v e r y p o s s i b l e d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f r e s p e c t ; p a i d t h e h i g h e s t
c o m p l i m e n t s t o h i s abilities a n d a c t i o n s ; e n l a r g e d u p o n t h e i n c l i n a t i o n o f t h e F r e n c h
G o v e r n m e n t t o assist t h e K i n g o f E n g l a n d , e s p e c i a l l y w i t h r e g a r d t o I r e l a n d ; p r o m i s e d a
s u p p l y o f m o n e y f o r t h a t p u r p o s e ; a n d r e p r e s e n t e d , t h a t , as F r a n c e w a s g o i n g t o t a k e
s o d e c i d e d a p a r t I n f a v o u r o f t h e E n g l i s h a n d Irisli R o y a l i s t s , it w a s n e c e s s a r y t h a t t h e
P r i n c e o f W a l e s s s i o u l d r e s i d e in t h a t k i n g d o m . T o this o p i n i o n L o r d D i g b y b e c a m e a n
i m m e d i a t e c o n v e r t , a n d , w i t h h i s u s u a l a l a c r i t y , e n g a g e d to b r i n g o v e r t h e w h o l e c o u n
cil at J e r s e y t o t h e s a m e o p i n i o n . B e f o r e h e w e n t to t h a t ifland, h e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e
C a r d i n a l s i x t h o u s a n d p i s t o l e s , w h i c h , t h o u g h it w a s a s u m o f m o n e y f a r i n f e r i o r t o w h a t
h e e x p e c t e d , p r o v i d e d w e l l f o r h i s o w n o c c a s i o n s . B y t h e t i m e t h a t h e h a d p a s s e d
t h r o u g h J e r s e y , a n d l a n d e d a t D u b l i n , t h e p i s t o l e s w e r e s o m u c h r e d u c e d , t h a t t h e L o r d
L i e u t e n a n t n e v e r r e c e i v e d o n e t h o u s a n d o f t h e m t o w a r d s t h e s u p p o r t o f h i s M a j e s t y ' s
affairs.
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a n d b r o k e n b y t h e Irish r e b e l s u n d e r t h e N u n c i o , w h o h a d b e e n d e c l a r e d b o t h t h e i r
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 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) . 2 2 5

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L o r d D i g b y e n t e r e d w i t h a n a r d o u r n o t a t t e n d e d w i t h d i s c r e t i o n . U p o n v e r y little e n c o u
r a g e m e n t , o r s e c u r i t y f o r h i s o w n p e r s o n , h e m a d e a j o u r n e y t o t h e N u n c i o , b y w h o m
h e w a s r e c e i v e d a n d e n t e r t a i n e d w i t h r u d e n e s s . It w a s w i t h d i f f i c u l t y a n d h a z a r d t h a t h e
m a d e h i s w a y b a c k a g a i n t o D u b l i n , w h e r e h e a m u s e d h i m s e l f , f o r a t i m e , w i t h m a n y
s c h e m e s f o r u n i t i n g p a r t i e s , a n d d i v i d i n g t h e Irish a m o n g t h e m s e l v e s . A t last h e p l a i n l y
d i s c o v e r e d t h a t t h e r e w a s n o w a y left t o p r e s e r v e I r e l a n d f r o m b e i n g i r r e c o v e r a b l y lost
t o t h e C r o w n , b u t b y p u t t i n g it i n t o t h e h a n d s o f t h e P a r l i a m e n t . W h e n , t h e r e f o r e ,
t h e p a r l i a m e n t a r y C o m m i s s i o n e r s a r r i v e d t o r e c e i v e it, L o r d D i g b y t r a n s p o r t e d h i m s e l f t o
F r a n c e , w h e r e h e i m m e d i a t e l y g o t i n v o l v e d in s e v e r a l q u a r r e l s w i t h his c o u n t r y m e n ,
u p o n t h e a c c o u n t o f w h a t h a d f o r m e r l y p a s s e d i n E n g l a n d . I n e v e r y d i s p u t e h e w a s
r e a d y , w i t h o u t s c r u p l e , t o a n s w e r w i t h h i s s w o r d i n h i s h a n d ; f o r h i s c o u r a g e a l w a y s
f a i t h f u l l y s e c o n d e d h i m in all h i s d e s i g n s . T h e s e c o n t e s t s b e i n g e n d e d , h e r e p a i r e d a g a i n
t o h i s n e w f r i e n d t h e C a r d i n a l , w h o d i d h o t r e c e i v e h i m w i t h t h e f a m e m a r k s o f r e g a r d
a n d e s t e e m w h i c h h e h a d f o r m e r l y d o n e ; b u t t r e a t e d h i m a s a m a n w h o p r o p o s e d t o live
u p o n t h e c o u n t r y . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e C a r d i n a l g a v e h i m v e r y g o o d w o r d s , p r o m i s e d h i m
s o m e c o m m a n d i n t h e a r m y , a n d f u r n i s h e d h i m w i t h a s m a l l s u p p l y f o r h i s p r e s e n t s u b
sistence. N o r d i d L o r d D i g b y f i n d a b e t t e r r e c e p t i o n f r o m t h o s e o f w h o m h e e x p e c t e d
t o b e a d m i t t e d a s a full s h a r e r i n all t h e y e n j o y e d . T h e s e m o r t i f i c a t i o n s w o u l d h a v e
b r o k e n m o s t o t h e r m e n ' s spirits ; b u t in h i s L o r d s h i p t h e y o n l y e x c i t e d s o m e t e m p o r a r y
sits o f i n d i g n a t i o n , w i t h o u t w o r k i n g in t h e least d e g r e e u p o n t h e v i g o u r o f h i s m i n d ( / ) . ^ [\*[enion'
T h e s e v e r a l c i r c u m s t a n c e s w h i c h w e h a v e n o w r e c o r d e d , w i t h o u t a n e x a c t s p e c i f i c a t i o n o f p.'iix-wi.
t h e i r d a t e s , o c c u r r e d in t h e y e a r s 1 6 4 6 , 1 6 4 7 , 1 6 4 8 . W h e n t h e m e l a n c h o l y c a t a s t r o p h e
o f t h e d e a t h o f K i n g C h a r l e s t h e First t o o k p l a c e , L o r d D i g b y w r o t e a letter t o C h a r l e s
t h e S e c o n d , w h i c h e v e r y r e a d e r will p r o n o u n c e t o b e a d m i r a b l e in p o i n t o f c o m p o s i t i o n .
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" M A Y I T P L E A S E Y O U R M A J E S T Y ,
** I shall n o t p r e s u m e t o s a y a n y t h i n g t o y o u b y , w a y o f c o n s o l a t i o n in t h e d e p l o r -
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** t h a t w h e n it p l e a s e s G o d t o visit K i n g s a n d P r i n c e s w i t h afflictions o f s o h i g h a n d e x -
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" c a n c o m p r e h e n d , m u c h less s u g g e s t . I shall o n l y h e r e b y this l e t t e r ( s i n c e 1 a m d i s -
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*f o f m y m o s t h u m b l e d u t y a n d s e r v i c e , i n t h e s a m e zeal, fidelity, a n d a f f e c t i o n , w h e r e -
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" m a t t e r o f i m p r o v e m e n t t o it f r o m y o u r M a j e s t y ' s p e r s o n a l a n d p r i n c e l y v i r t u e s .
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" t h i n k m e c a p a b l e o f d o i n g it ; a n d if i n n o n e , t h e n still w i t h m y p r a y e r s . I n t h e
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n in t h i s state t o t h o s e w a y s t h a t 1 h o p e m a y l a y s o m e solid f o u n d a t i o n f o r y o u r s e r v i c e
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Vol. 11. p. 4 7 1 .
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i n g h i s L o r d s h i p r e c e i v e d a s h o t i n t h e t h i g h w i t h a b r a c e o f b u l l e t s ; a n d , t h o u g h h e
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w a s ; a n d f e w k n e w m o r e t h a n t h a t h e w a s a n E n g l i s h m a n . H i s n a m e , h o w e v e r , w a s
q u i c k l y p u b l i s h e d , a n d d i r e c t i o n s w e r e g i v e n f o r h i s a c c o m m o d a t i o n a n d r e c o v e r y , a n d f o r
h i s b e i n g t r e a t e d w i t h e v e r y d e g r e e o f r e s p e c t a n d r e g a r d . B y t h i s a c c i d e n t L o r d D i g b y
m a d e a n o t h e r g l o r i o u s f l i g h t i n t o t h e w o r l d ; f o r a s s o o n a s h e w a s r e c o v e r e d o f h i s
w o u n d s , n d w e n t t o m a k e h i s a c k n o w l e d g m e n t s t o t h e K i n g a n d t h e C a r d i n a l , h e m e t
w i t h a m o s t g r a c i o u s r e c e p t i o n , a n d w a s s p e e d i l y p o s s e s s e d o f a n h o n o u r a b l e c o m m a n d
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f l u e n t . T h e C a r d i n a l t o o k all o c c a s i o n s t o d o h i m h o n o u r , a n d h e w e l l u n d e r s t o o d h o w
s f L C p a t n t t o . c u l t i v a t e h i s E m i n e n ' c y ' s f a v o u r a b l e i n c l i n a t i o n s (b).
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h e i g h t w h i c h h e c o u l d r e a s o n a b l y p r o p o s e . H e w a s t h e d i s c o u r s e o f t h e w h o l e C o u r t ,
a n d h a d d r a w n t h e e y e s o f all m e n u p o n h i m . H i s q u a l i t y , h i s e d u c a t i o n , t h e h a n d s o m e
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a g a i n s t t h e e n e m y , t h e s o f t n e s s a n d civility o f h i s m a n n e r s , h i s p r o f o u n d k n o w l e d g e i n
all k i n d s o f s e a m i n g , a n d i n all l a n g u a g e s , in t h e m a n i f e s t a t i o n o f w h i c h h e e n l a r g e d
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p e n d e n c e u p o n h i m t h e i r f o r t u n e s w e r e m a d e . T h i s e x p e c t a t i o n w a s e n c o u r a g e d b y
h i m w i t h o u t a n y m e a s u r e o f d i s c r e t i o n . H e r t c e t h e y c o n g r a t u l a t e d t h e m s e l v e s o n t h e
g r e a t b l e s s i n g t h a t h a d b e f a l l e n t h e m , in h a v i n g c o m m i t t e d t h e i r f a t e i n t o t h e h a n d s o f
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s o n , t o g r o w u p a l o n e u n d e r h i s s h a d o w , a n d t o w a i t w i t h p a t i e n c e a n d i n d u s t r y f o r t h e
o p p o r t u n i t i e s o f p r o m o t i o n . B u t p a t i e n c e a n d i n d u s t r y w e r e v i r t u e s w i t h w h i c h n e i t h e r
of" t h e m w e r e a c q u a i n t e d . T h e y h a d s u c h c o n f i d e h e e i n h i s p r o m i s e s , a s t o e x p e c t t h e
m o s t s p e e d y a c c o m p l i s h m e n t o f t h e m ; a n d in t h a t e x p e c t a t i o n t h e y r a n i n t o e x p e n c e s
b y w h i c h t h e y w e r e g r e a t l y e m b a r r a s s e d . H e , o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , h a d s u p p o s e d t h a t t h e y
W o u l d n e v e r b e w e a r y o f p r e s e r v i n g a d i s i n t e r e s t e d a t t a c h m e n t t o h i m . I n a little t i m e ,
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f o r t u n e .
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s u p p o s e d t o b e t h e n a t u r e o f t h e o s t r i c h , t o live U p o n i r o n , w i t h o u t a n y b e n e f i t f r o m t h e
b e a u t y o f h e r f e a t h e r s ; a n d h e m e a n t t o e x p r e s s , t h a t h e w a s n o w o b l i g e d t o h a v e r e
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peri. T h e i n g e n u i t y a n d a c u t e n e s s o f t h i s d e v i c e a d d e d t o h i s r e p u t a t i o n , e v e n w h e n h i s
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w i t h t h e F r e n c h K i n g a n d t h e C a r d i n a l , t h a t h e w a s a d m i t t e d i n t o t h e i r m o s t s e c r e t c o n
f i d e n c e . A t t h e s a m e t i m e , h e w a s r e a d y f o r t h e b o l d e s t u n d e r t a k i n g s ; in w h i c h , if h e
s u c c e e d e d , h e n e v e r f o r g o t h i s s u c c e s s ; a n d if h e f a i l e d , h e n e v e r r e m e m b e r e d h i s f a i l u r e ;
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o f t h e C r o w n . B u t t o this t h e y o u n g K i n g w a s e x t r e m e l y a v e r s e . S o m e o f t h e i n f e
r i o r p e o p l e a b o u t h i m h a d m a d e it t h e i r b u s i n e s s t o g i v e h i m a b a d i m p r e s s i o n o f L o r d
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y e a r s , b y h i s o w n p u r e a d d r e s s a n d d e x t e r i t y , h e r e c o v e r e d so m u c h c r e d i t w i t h C h a r l e s
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t o t h e d i s t i n c t i o n s o f N o b i l i t y .
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i n distress. B u t , n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g all this, h e w a s a l w a y s w i t h o u t m o n e y . N o r w a s h e
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u s u a l l y p o s s e s s e d b y p e o p l e o f f a r i n f e r i o r c o n d i t i o n . T h e r e a r e t w o v i c e s f o r t h e s u p p o r t
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a n d a n a t t a c h m e n t t o w o m e n . H e w a s p a r t i c u l a r l y e n g a g e d i n a c o n s t a n t s u c c e s s i o n o f
a m o u r s . W h e n h e w a s i n t h e p u r s u i t o f a n y l a d y , h e w o u l d a d m i r e a n d e x t o l h e r b e y o n d
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w a n t o f m e r i t , e v e n i n tears, a t h i s m i s t r e s s ' s feet. T o effect h i s d e s i g n , h e w o u l d m a k e
all t h e p r o m i s e s a n d v o w s i m a g i n a b l e , a n d w o u l d p r o c u r e letters, g i v i n g a n a c c o u n t t h a t
h i s w i f e w a s s o d e s p e r a t e l y ill t h a t s h e c o u l d n o t b e c u r e d , o r s u r v i v e a b o v e t w o o r t h r e e
m o n t h s ; a n d u p o n t h e s t r e n g t h o f this p r e t e n d e d i n f o r m a t i o n , h e w o u l d p r o c e e d t o
o f f e r s a n d p r o m i s e s o f m a r r i a g e w i t h a s m u c h i m p o r t u n i t y a s if t h e c e r t a i n t y o f c o m p l e
t i n g t h e m w e r e at h a n d . A s s o o n a s s u c c e s s , o r w a n t o f s u c c e s s , h a d p u t a n e n d t o o r
a l l a y e d t h e f e r v o u r o f h i s a d d r e s s e s , h e w a s e q u a l l y a r d e n t in s o m e n e w i n t r i g u e , a n d
w o u l d a c t a s e x t r a v a g a n t e x p l o i t s a s a r e r e l a t e d i n e x t r a v a g a n t r o m a n c e s . O n e o f h i s
a d v e n t u r e s e x c i t e d t h e g e n e r a l l a u g h t e r o f t h e C o u r t . W h i l s t h e w a s a v o t a r y t o a L a d y
o f n o b l e e x t r a c t i o n a n d i n c o m p a r a b l e b e a u t y in P a r i s , it h a p p e n e d t h a t a y o u n g A b b o t
f r e q u e n t e d t h e f a m e h o u s e , w h o , f i n d i n g h i s p r e s e n c e less a g r e e a b l e t h a n h e h a d f o r m e r l y
t h o u g h t it t o h a v e b e e n , u s e d s o m e e x p r e s s i o n s b y w h i c h s h e w a s d i s o b l i g e d , a n d o f w h i c h
s h e c o m p l a i n e d t o m a n y p e r s o n s o f q u a l i t y w h o f r e q u e n t e d h e r c o m p a n y . L o r d B r i s t o l ,
h a v i n g g a i n e d i n f o r m a t i o n o f t h e p l a c e w h e r e t h e A b b o t w a s , a n d o f a j o u r n e y w h i c h
w a s i n t e n d e d b y h i m , o r d e r e d a n o f f i c e r w h o m h e c o u l d trust t o m a r c h w i t h s o m e h o r s e ,
a n d t a k e h i m p r i s o n e r . T h i s b e i n g d o n e , h i s L o r d s h i p s e n t t h e A b b o t t o t h e L a d y w i t h
a letter, d e c l a r i n g , t h a t if h e d i d n o t m a k e a n e n t i r e a n d full s a t i s f a c t i o n t o h e r f o r h i s
m i s c a r r i a g e , h e h a d a p p o i n t e d t h e g u a r d t o b r i n g h i m b a c k t o h i m , a n d h e s h o u l d t h e r e
u p o n d o s u c h f a r t h e r j u s t i c e as w a s p r o p e r . T h e L a d y w a s e x t r e m e l y s u r p r i z e d arid
o f f e n d e d a t t h e r e p a r a t i o n p r o v i d e d f o r h e r ; c a u s e d t h e A b b o t t o b e i m m e d i a t e l y d i s
m i s s e d , w i t h o u t s e e i n g h i m ; a n d s i g n i f i e d h e r d e s i r e t o t h e officer t h a t his s u p e r i o r w o u l d
m e d d l e n o m o r e w i t h h e r i n t e r e s t , o r c o n c e r n h i m s e l f i n a n y t h i n g t h a t r e l a t e d t o h e r
r e p u t a t i o n ( * ) . ^ (i) Clarendon,
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t h a n e v e r t o t h e s t i m u l a t i o n s o f a m b i t i o n . W h e n , in t h e p r o t r a c t i o n o f t h e civil c o m m o - L X i v . U _ '
t i o n s o f F r a n c e , C a r d i n a l M a z a r i n e w a s o b l i g e d t o q u i t t h e k i n g d o m , a n d t o r e t i r e t o
C o l o g n , h e c o m m e n d e d L o r d B r i s t o l t o t h e Q u e e n , a s a p e r s o n i n w h o m s h e m i g h t c o n
fide, a n d w h o w o u l d b e f a i t h f u l t o t h e C a r d i n a l ' s interests. E v e n t h e s a g a c i t y o f a n o l d
s t a t e s m a n w a s in t h i s i n s t a n c e d e c e i v e d . T h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l ' s b o l d i m a g i n a t i o n s u g g e s t e d
t o h i m t h e h o p e s o f s u p p l a n t i n g M a z a r i n e , a n d o f s u c c e e d i n g t o t h e office o f t h e p r e m i e r
m i n i s t e r i n F r a n c e . A c c o r d i n g l y , h e w a s n o t o n l y w e l l satisfied w i t h t h e c l a m o u r w h i c h
w a s r a i s e d a g a i n s t t h e C a r d i n a l ' s r e t u r n t o t h a t c o u n t r y , b u t o p e n l y t o o k u p o n h i m s e l f
t o a d v i s e t h e Q u e e n n o t t o b e s o l i c i t o u s f o r it, a s b e i n g a m e a s u r e w h i c h it w a s i m p o s s i b l e
f o r h e r t o a c c o m p l i s h , a n d t h e v e r y d e s i r i n g o f w h i c h w o u l d e x p o s e h e r o w n p e r s o n a l
s e c u r i t y t o d a n g e r . H e r M a j e s t y r e c e i v e d t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l ' s a d v i c e w i t h s e e m i n g
c o m p l a c e n c y , b u t t o o k c a r e t o a d v e r t i s e M a z a r i n e o f h i s f r i e n d ' s c o n d u c t . W h e n ,
t h e r e f o r e , t h e C a r d i n a l w a s b r o u g h t b a c k t o P a r i s , a s h e n o t l o n g a f t e r w a s , in t r i u m p h ,
it w a s c o n t r i v e d t o s e n d L o r d B r i s t o l t o I t a l y , o n a n e n t e r p r i z e i n w h i c h it w a s n o t m e a n t
t h a t h e s h o u l d b e s u c c e s s f u l . O n h i s r e t u r n i n g f r o m t h e e x p e d i t i o n , M a z a r i n e t r e a t e d
h i m w i t h riiany c o m p l i m e n t s , a n d g a v e h i m a s u p p l y o f m o n e y , w h i c h , h o w e v e r , w a s
5 . n o t
2 2 $ D I G B Y ( G e o r g e )

n o t e q u a l t o t h e j u s t d e m a n d s o f h i s a p p o i n t m e n t s . B u t at t h e f a m e t i m e , h e w a s c a s h i e r e d
f r o m all h i s c o m m a n d s in t h e F r e n c h s e r v i c e , o r d e r e d t o d e p a r t f r o m t h e K i n g d o m , a n d
f o r b i d d e n t o r e t u r n t h i t h e r a g a i n . T h e r e p u t a t i o n h e left b e h i n d h i m w a s t h a t o f b e i n g
a v e r y e x t r a o r d i n a r y p e r s o n , w h o w a s w o n d e r f u l l y q u a l i f i e d f o r s p e c u l a t i o n , b u t w h o w a s
s o m e w h a t d e f e c t i v e in r e d u c i n g h i s s p e c u l a t i o n s i n t o p r a c t i c e .
(t) c b r e n d c m , M a g n i s t a m e n e x c i d i t ausis ( / ) .
ubi supra.
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q u a r t e r . T h e first t h i n g w h i c h h e d i d w a s t o r e p a i r t o B r u g e s , w h e r e C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d
t h e n r e s i d e d . H e r e h e d e c l a r e d t h a t h e h a d b r o u g h t e n o u g h w i t h h i m t o s u p p o r t h i m
f o r a y e a r ; w h i c h w a s f o u r t i m e s m o r e w e a l t h t h a n a n y p e r s o n a b o u t h i s M a j e s t y c o u l d
p r e t e n d t o possess. H o w e v e r , in less t h a n fix w e e k s h e h a d s p e n t all t h e m o n e y w i t h
w h i c h h e h a d b e e n p r o v i d e d , a n d t h e r e f o r e it w a s a b s o l u t e l y n e c e s s a r y t o b e s t i r h i m s e l f
f o r a s p e e d y s u p p l y . H i s o n l y r e s o u r c e w a s t o e n t e r i n t o t h e s e r v i c e o f t h e K i n g o f
S p a i n ' s a r m y in t h e N e t h e r l a n d s , a n d t o t h i s t h e r e a p p e a r e d t o b e m a n y o b s t r u c t i o n s .
H e w a s , i n d e e d , p e r f e c t m a s t e r o f t h e S p a n i f l i l a n g u a g e ; b u t t h e g a i e t y o f h i s d i s p o s i
t i o n a n d t h e f r e e d o m o f h i s m a n n e r s w e r e v e r y o p p o s i t e t o t h e g r a v i t y o f t h a t n a t i o n .
B e s i d e s this, D o n A l o n z o d e C a r d i n a s , w h o w a s in p r i n c i p a l t r u s t a b o u t D o n J u a n ,
t h e c h i e f G o v e r n o r o f t h e L o w C o u n t r i e s , a n d w h o h a d r e s i d e d s e v e r a l y e a r s in E n g
l a n d , w a s w e l l a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e m e r c u r i a l t e m p e r a n d t h e u n s t e a d y c o n d u c t o f t h e
E a r l o f B r i s t o l . B u t w h a t m o s t o f all s e e m e d t o m i l i t a t e a g a i n s t h i s p r o m o t i o n w a s , t h a t ,
a y e a r o r t w o b e f o r e , h e h a d c o m m a n d e d a p a r t y o f H o r s e a n d D r a g o o n s in a W i n t e r
e x p e d i t i o n a g a i n s t F l a n d e r s , w h i c h , f o r p l u n d e r a n d e v e r y s p e c i e s o f r a p i n e , a n d f o r t h e
u n n e c e s s a r y c o n f l a g r a t i o n o f m a n y V i l l a g e s a n d T o w n s , h a d e x c e e d e d a n y e n t e r p r i z e
t h a t h a d b e e n u n d e r t a k e n d u r i n g t h e w a r , s o t h a t h i s n a m e h a d b e e n r e n d e r e d p e c u l i a r l y
o d i o u s b y l a m p o o n s a n d s o n g s t h r o u g h t h e w h o l e p r d v i n c e . N e v e r t h e l e s s , t h e s e c i r c u m
s t a n c e s , t o w h i c h w a s a d d e d t h e e x t r e m e p o v e r t y o f t h e S p a n i s h C o u r t a n d a r m y a t t h a t t i m e ,
w r o u g h t in h i m n o t t h e least d e g r e e o f d i s c o u r a g e m e n t . W i t h o u t a n y a d v a n t a g e o r
c r e d i t b u t t h e s t r e n g t h o f h i s o w n g e n i u s , w i t h o u t c a r r y i n g o r d e s i r i n g a r e c o m m e n d a
t i o n f r o m C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d , h e d i r e c t e d h i s j o u r n e y t o t h e p l a c e w h e r e D o n J u a n l a y
w i t h h i s f o r c e s . A t first t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l w a s r e c e i v e d w i t h c o l d n e s s a n d r e s e r v e , a s a
m a n a g a i n s t w h o m it b e h o v e d t h e S p a n i a r d s t o b e m u c h u p o n t h e i r g u a r d . I n t h e m e a n
t i m e , w i t h h i s a c c u s t o m e d v i v a c i t y , h e e n t e r e d i n t o c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h t h e p r i n c i p a l
o f f i c e r s o f t h e a r m y , a n d w i t h t h e m i n i s t e r s o f state, a d a p t i n g h i s d i s c o u r s e t o t h e m i n
t h e m a n n e r t h a t w a s e x a c t l y s u i t e d t o t h e i r d i f f e r e n t t e m p e r s a n d h u m o u r s . S o a c c e p t
a b l e , in a f e w d a y s , d i d h e b e c o m e t o all k i n d s o f p e r s o n s , t h a t h e w a s u n i v e r s a l l y
s p o k e n o f as a v e r y fine g e n t l e m a n , a n d a m a n o f e x t r a o r d i n a r y p a r t s . N a y , D o n J u a n
h i m s e l f w a s w e l l p l e a s e d t o see h i m f r e q u e n t l y , a n d e s p e c i a l l y a t t h e s e a s o n o f l e i s u r e ;
a t m e a l s f o r i n s t a n c e , a n d in t h e h o u r s o f t h e e v e n i n g . T h a t P r i n c e h a d f i n e n a t u r a l
p a r t s , h a d b e e n c o n v e r s a n t in v a r i o u s b r a n c h e s o f p o l i t e l e a r n i n g , a n d h a d a m u c h
l a r g e r a c q u a i n t a n c e w i t h b o o k s t h a n w a s u s u a l w i t h t h e g r a n d e e s o f h i s o w n n a t i o n . T h e
p e o p l e o f q u a l i t y a b o u t h i m w e r e g r e a t l y i n f e r i o r t o h i m in t h e s e r e s p e c t s ; s o t h a t h e
w a s h i g h l y d e l i g h t e d w i t h t h e o p p o r t u n i t y o f e x e r c i s i n g h i s t a l e n t s in c o n v e r s a t i o n w i t h a
p e r s o n o f s u c h u n i v e r s a l l i t e r a t u r e a s t h e E a r l o f Bristol. D o n J u a n , w h i l e in Italy, h a d
a c q u i r e d a taste f o r j u d i c i a l a s t r o l o g y , a n d L o r d B r i s t o l w a s a n a d e p t in t h e f a m e s c i e n c e ;
in w h i c h b o t h o f t h e m p l a c e d a g r e a t e r d e g r e e o f c r e d i t t h a n t h e y w o u l d h a v e b e e n
w i l l i n g o p e n l y t o a c k n o w l e d g e . B y this c o n f o r m i t y o f tastes in literary p u r s u i t s , t h e
E a r l g r e w e v e r y d a y m o r e a n d m o r e i n t o t h e P r i n c e ' s f a v o u r . W h e n h i s L o r d s h i p h a d
t h u s e x c i t e d a h i g h o p i n i o n o f h i s abilities a n d talents, h i s n e x t w o r k w a s t o d i s p l a y h i s
i n t e r e s t , a n d t h e p o w e r h e h a d o f r e n d e r i n g h i m s e l f e m i n e n t l y u s e f u l t o t h e S p a n i a r d s .
T h e r e w e r e m a n y r e g i m e n t s in t h e F r e n c h a r m y , w h i c h c o n s i s t e d e n t i r e l y , b o t h officers
a n d s o l d i e r s , o f Irish ; s o m e o f w h o m , d u r i n g C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d ' s - r e s i d e n c e at P a r i s ,
h a d w i t h d r a w n t h e m s e l v e s f r o m t h e S p a n i s h s e r v i c e , d e c l a r i n g t h a t t h e y w o u l d a l w a y s
s e r v e t h e i r o w n K i n g , o r in s u c h p l a c e s as h e s h o u l d r e q u i r e t h e m . T h e s e w e r e n o w a s
r e a d y t o l e a v e t h e c r o w n o f F r a n c e , a n d t o e n g a g e f o r t h e S p a n i a r d in F l a n d e r s ; a n d t o
t h i s t h e y w e r e t h e m o r e d i s p o s e d f r o m a g e n e r a l a n d w e l l - g r o u n d e d r u m o u r , t h a t t h e
D u k e o f Y o r k w a s g o i n g t o q u i t t h e F r e n c h d o m i n i o n s , a n d t o r e p a i r t o h i s r o y a l b r o
t h e r s , t h e K i n g a n d t h e D u k e o f G l o c e s t e r , in t h e N e t h e r l a n d s . A t t h i s t i m e t h e F r e n c h
w e r e in p o s s e s s i o n o f a s t r o n g g a r r i s o n at S t . G i l l e n , a f e w m i l e s f r o m B r u s s e l s , u n d e r t h e
c o m m a n d o f M a r s h a l S c h o m b e r g , w h o h a d t a k e n c a r e t o f o r t i f y t h e p l a c e in s u c h a
m a n n e r t h a t it w a s v e r y d i f f i c u l t o f a t t a c k ; s o t h a t it w a s a t h o r n i n t h e s i d e o f F l a n d e r s ,
a n d e x c e e d i n g l y d i s c o m m o d e d all t h e S p a n i s h affairs. It w a s o f t h e u t m o s t c o n s e q u e n c e
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e n t i r e l y w i t h o u t s u c c e s s . R e c o u r s e , t h e r e f o r e , w a s h a d t o a p r i v a t e n e g o t i a t i o n w i t h
t h e officers a n d s o l d i e r s o f t h e g a r r i s o n , w h o w e r e m o s t o f t h e m Irish ; a n d t h e E a r l o f
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t h a t M a r s t i a l S c h o m b e r g w a s c o m p e l l e d , b y t h e m u t i n o u s d i s p o s i t i o n o f h i s f o r c e s , t o
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 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) ,

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h e m a r c h e d o u t w i t h all t h o s e w h o w e r e i n c l i n e d t o f o l l o w h i m , m u c h t h e l a r g e r p a r t
e n t e r i n g i n t o t h e a r m y o f t h e S p a n i a r d s . B y h i s d e x t e r i t y in this affair L o r d B r i s t o l
a c q u i r e d g r e a t r e p u t a t i o n , a n d w a s v e r y l i b e r a l l y r e w a r d e d . H e n o w c o n s i d e r e d h i m s e l f
a s s e t t l e d i n t h e s e r v i c e o f t h e S p a n i s h c r o w n , a n d in t h e p a r t i c u l a r a f f e c t i o n o f D o n
J u a n , o f w h i c h h e m a d e d a i l y u s e . O n e p u r p o s e t o w h i c h h e a p p l i e d it w a s t o p r o p o s e t o
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t h e v i e w o f l i v i n g in a g o o d c o n d i t i o n a b r o a d ( m ) . [
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w i t h t h e L a d y A b b e s s o f t h e E n g l i s h m o n a s t e r y . T o this p l a c e , t h e r e f o r e , h e r e p a i r e d ,
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r e c o n c i l e d t o t h e C h u r c h o f R o m e . C o u r t n e y , i n d e e d , w a s f a r i n f e r i o r t o t h e E a r l i n
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f a r c e , w h i c h w a s t r a n s a c t e d in g r e a t s e c r e c y , w a s o v e r , t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l s e n t t o t h e
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s u c c e e d e d h i s c o n v e r s i o n . H e a d d e d h i s d e s i r e , t h a t t h e w h o l e affair m i g h t b e c a n d i d l y
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v e y e d . I n b o t h r e s p e c t s h e w a s d i s a p p o i n t e d ; a n d h e w a s p a r t i c u l a r l y d i s a p p o i n t e d
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t u o s : " T h o u b e i n g c o n v e r t e d , c o n v e r t t h y b r e t h r e n . " E v e n D o n J u a n ' s c o u n t e n a n c e
w a s s o f a r f r o m b e i n g p e c u l i a r l y g r a c i o u s t o h i m , t h a t in t r u t h it w a s m o r e r e s e r v e d
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- s h e w n h i m . F r o m a n o t h e r c i r c u m s t a n c e it a p p e a r e d w i t h h o w little e s t e e m h e w a s r e
g a r d e d at M a d r i d . W h e n t h e t r e a t y b e t w e e n t h e t w o C r O w n s o f F r a n c e a n d S p a i n w a s
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t o C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d ' s interest, w i s h e d h i s M a j e s t y t o b e p r e s e n t a t t h e n e g o t i a t i o n ; b u t ,
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a t t h e f a m e t i m e o b l i g e d t o m a k e it i n t h e m o s t s e c r e t m a n n e r ^ it b e c a m e n e c e s s a r y t o
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s o p l e a s a n t a c o m p a n i o n .
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a b l e p l a c e s a s w e r e w i t h i n a n y d i s t a n c e o f t h e w a y s t h r o u g h w h i c h h e w a s t o p a s s ; a n d
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c o n c l u d e d , b e f o r e h e a r r i v e d at t h e b o r d e r s . A g e n e r a l r e p o r t w a s l i k e w i s e s p r e a d , t h a t
r h e t r e a t y w a s a c t u a l l y a t a n e n d , a n d t h a t D o n L o u i s d e H a r o h a d r e t u r n e d t o M a d r i d .
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i n g f o r t h e M a r q u i s ' s r e t u r n , t h a t h e o u g h t t o m a k e all p o s s i b l e h a s t e t o M a d r i d , a n d s o
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w h i c h h i s affairs h a d s u s t a i n e d b y t h e d e l a y t h a t h a d h i t h e r t o o c c u r r e d . A s f o r t h e
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s a n d p o u n d s sterling. B e i n g t h u s l i b e r a l l y t r e a t e d , h e r e s i d e d i n S p a i n till t h e g r e a t
m ( S r " n i 0 " ' c h a " g e o f affairs t o o k P l a c e in E n g l a n d ( ) .
p. lxxi, ixxii. U p o n t h e R e s t o r a t i o n o f K i n g C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d , t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l r e t u r n e d t o h i 3
o w n c o u n t r y ; a n d , h a v i n g b e e n e l e c t e d a K n i g h t o f t h e G a r t e r at t h e t i m e b e f o r e -
m e n t i o n e d , h e w a s i n s t a l l e d , a t W i n d s o r , w i t h v a r i o u s o t h e r n o b l e m e n , in A p r i l , 1 6 6 1
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t h e m a r r i a g e o f C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d w i t h t h e I n f a n t a o f P o r t u g a l , h e u n i t e d w i t h t h e
E m b a s s a d o r in u s i n g h i s u t m o s t efforts t o o b s t r u c t t h e m a t c h . A c c o r d i n g l y , h e r e p r e
s e n t e d t o h i s M a j e s t y , t h a t t h e I n f a n t a w a s t o o o l d f o r h i m ; t h a t s h e w a s d e f o r m e d i n
h e r p e r s o n ; t h a t I h e h a d m a n y d i s e a s e s ; a n d t h a t stie w a s i n c a p a b l e o f b e a r i n g c h i l d r e n .
H e a d d e d , t h a t s u c h a c l o s e a l l i a n c e w i t h P o r t u g a l m i g h t i n v o l v e E n g l a n d in a w a r w i t h
S p a i n : a n d h e e x p a t i a t e d l a r g e l y o n t h e b e a u t y , a c c o m p l i s h m e n t s , a n d p e r f e c t i o n , o f
t w o I t a l i a n L a d i e s o f t h e H o u s e o f M e d i c i ; w i t h r e g a r d t o e a c h o f w h o m , h e s a i d t h e
K i n g m i g h t h a v e h i s c h o i c e ; t o g e t h e r w i t h a f o r t u n e f r o m t h e S p a n i s h m o n a r c h e q u a l
t o h i s e x p e c t a t i o n s f r o m t h e o t h e r c o n n e c t i o n . T h e s e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n s h a d s u c h a n e f f e c t
u p o n t h e m i n d o f C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d , t h a t h e i m m e d i a t e l y g r e w c o l d t o t h e P o r t u g u e s e
m a t c h . N a y , h e w e n t so f a r a s t o c o m m i s s i o n t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l t o u n d e r t a k e a p r i v a t e
j o u r n e y t o I t a l y , in o r d e r t o j u d g e c o n c e r n i n g t h e p e r s o n s a n d m e r i t s o f t h e l a d i e s i n
r>) Anthony q u e s t i o n s ) , a n d t o r e p o r t w h i c h o f t h e m w o u l d b e t h e m o s t d e s i r a b l e o b j e c t o f h i s
L o ^ B r i s t o i w M M a j e s t y ' s c h o i c e . A l l t h i s w h i l e t h e K i n g h a d g o n e t o o f a r i n t h e t r e a t y w i t h P o r t u g a l
sent to negotiate t o r e t r e a t w i t h h o n o u r . A t t h e i n s t a n c e , t h e r e f o r e , o f t h e L o r d C h a n c e l l o r C l a r e n d o n ,
IheTrincess'of a n d o t h e r s o f h i s P r i v y C o u n s e l l o r s , h e g a v e u p t h e I t a l i a n p r o j e c t , a n d c o n c l u d e d h i s
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 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) . 2 3 1

m a r r i a g e w i t h t h e I n f a n t a . T h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l , h a v i n g t h u s t a k e n h i s j o u r n e y irk
v a i n , a n d b e i n g t o t a l l y d i s a p p o i n t e d in h i s o p e r a t i o n s , w a s i n f l a m e d w i t h so m u c h re
s e n t m e n t a g a i n s t t h e C h a n c e l l o r , t h a t , f r o m t h a t t i m e , h e b e c a m e h i s o p e n a n d d e
c l a r e d e n e m y {q). _ (f) Clarendon,
A n o t h e r c i r c u m s t a n c e w h i c h still f a r t h e r a d d e d t o t h e r u p t u r e b e t w e e n t h e E a r l s o f <*i supra.
B r i s t o l a n d C l a r e n d o n , w a s t h e c o n d u c t o f t h e f o r m e r w i t h r e l a t i o n t o t h e Bill f o r re- c i a r a i ' w s
s t o r i n g t h e B i s h o p s t o t h e i r f e a t s in P a r l i a m e n t . T h i s bill h a d o r i g i n a t e d in t h e H o u s e Continuation,
o f C o m m o n s . W h e n , h o w e v e r , it w a s c a r r i e d u p t o t h e H o u s e o f P e e r s , a n d all m e n l60g. p'
e x p e c t e d t h a t it w o u l d f i n d a g e n e r a l c o n c u r r e n c e , it m e t w i t h s o m e o b s t r u c t i o n ; wood's Athen;
w h i c h p r o d u c e d t h e d i s c o v e r y o f a n i n t r i g u e , t h a t h a d n o t b e e n s u s p e c t e d . T h e a u - u ' upr*'
t h o r o f t h i s i n t r i g u e w a s t h e E a r l o f Bristol. H e w e n t t o t h e K i n g , a n d i n f o r m e d h i s
M a j e s t y , " t h a t if t h e Bill s h o u l d s p e e d i l y p a s s , it w o u l d a b s o l u t e l y d e p r i v e t h e C a t h o -
" lies o f all t h o s e g r a c e s a n d i n d u l g e n c e s w h i c h h e i n t e n d e d t o t h e m ; f o r t h a t t h e B i s h o p s ,
" w h e n t h e y s h o u l d sit in t h e H o u s e , w h a t e v e r t h e i r o w n o p i n i o n s o r i n c l i n a t i o n s w e r e ,
" w o u l d f i n d t h e m s e l v e s o b l i g e d , t h a t t h e y m i g h t p r e s e r v e t h e i r r e p u t a t i o n w i t h t h e
" p e o p l e , t o c o n t r a d i c t a n d o p p o s e w h a t e v e r s s i o u l d l o o k l i k e f a v o u r a n d c o n n i v a n c e
" t o w a r d s t h e C a t h o l i c s : a n d t h e r e f o r e , if h i s M a j e s t y c o n t i n u e d h i s f o r m e r g e n e r o u s
" i n c l i n a t i o n s t o w a r d s t h e R o m a n C a t h o l i c s h e m u s t p u t s o m e s t o p ( e v e n f o r t h e B i -
" s s i o p s o w n f a k e s ) t o t h e p a s s i n g t h a t bill, till t h e o t h e r s h o u l d b e m o r e a d v a n c e d ,
" w h i c h h e s u p p o s e d m i g h t s h o r t l y b e d o n e t h e r e h a v i n g a l r e a d y s o m e o v e r t u r e s
b e e n m a d e t o t h a t p u r p o l e , a n d a C o m m i t t e e a p p o i n t e d i n t h e H o u s e o f L o r d s t o t a k e
a v i e w o f all t h e s a n g u i n a r y l a w s in m a t t e r s o f r e l i g i o n , a n d t o p r e s e n t t h e m t o t h e
H o u s e f o r f a r t h e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n . T h o u g h t h e K i n g w a s s u r p r i z e d at t h i s d i s c o u r s e , '
f r o m a m a n w h o h a d o f t e n t o l d h i m t h e n e c e s s i t y o f r e s t o r i n g t h e B i s s i o p s , a n d t h a t
t h e r e c o u l d n o t b e a p e r f e c t P a r l i a m e n t w i t h o u t t h e i r p r e s e n c e ; n e v e r t h e l e s s , h e t h o u g h t
t h a t t h e r e w a s w e i g h t in t h e r e a s o n f o r t h e d e l a y , a n d t h a t t h e p r o t r a c t i o n o f a f e w
d a y s c o u l d b e a t t e n d e d w i t h n o p r e j u d i c e t o t h e m a t t e r itself. H i s M a j e s t y , t h e r e f o r e ,
w a s w i l l i n g t h a t t h e bill s s i o u l d n o t b e c a l l e d for, a n d t h a t w h e n it w a s u n d e r c o m
m i t m e n t , it s s i o u l d b e d e t a i n e d t h e r e f o r s o m e t i m e : a n d t h e b e t t e r t o p r o d u c e t h i s
d e l a y , L o r d B r i s t o l w a s p e r m i t t e d t o a c q u a i n t s e v e r a l o f h i s f r i e n d s , " t h a t t h e K i n g
*.* w o u l d b e w e l l p l e a s e d , t h a t t h e r e s s i o u l d n o t b e o v e r m u c h h a s t e i n t h e p r e s e n t i n g
'* o f t h e bill f o r h i s R o y a l A i l e n t . " It s o o n b e g a n t o b e t a k e n n o t i c e o f in t h e H o u s e
o f P e e r s , t h a t , a f t e r t h e first r e a d i n g o f t h e bill, it h a d b e e n p u t o f f f o r a s e c o n d
r e a d i n g l o n g e r t h a n u s u a l ; a n d t h a t w h e n it w a s u n d e r c o m m i t m e n t , it w a s o b s t r u c t e d
t h e r e , n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g all t h e e n d e a v o u r s s o m e L o r d s o f t h e C o m m i t t e e c o u l d u s e f o r
t h e d i s p a t c h . T h e d e l a y in t h e b u s i n e s s a p p e a r e d t h e m o r e e x t r a o r d i n a r y , a s t h e bill
c o n t a i n e d v e r y f e w w o r d s , b e i n g o n l y f o r t h e r e p e a l o f a f o r m e r a c t , a n d a s t h e e x -
pressions, o f it c o u l d s c a r c e l y a d m i t o f a n y d e b a t e . T h e E a r l o f C l a r e n d o n d e s i r i n g t o
k n o w w h e n c e t h e o b s t r u c t i o n p r o c e e d e d , w a s i n f o r m e d , b y o n e o f t h e L o r d s o f t h e
C o m m i t t e e , " t h a t t h e y w e r e a f i u r e d , t h a t t h e K i n g w o u l d h a v e a s t o p p u t t o t h e bill
*' till a n o t h e r bill s s i o u l d b e p r o v i d e d , w h i c h he1 e x p e c t e d . " H e r e u p o n t h e C h a n c e l l o r
a p p l i e d t o h i s M a j e s t y , w h o t o l d h i m all t h e c o n f e r e n c e w h i c h t h e K a r l o f B r i s t o l h a d
h e l d w i t h h i m , a n d w h a t h e h a d c o n s e n t e d s s i o u l d b e d o n e . U p o n t h i s C l a r e n d o n r e
p l i e d , " t h a t h e w a s s o r r y t h a t h i s M a j e s t y h a d b e e n p r e v a i l e d u p o n t o g i v e a n y o b s t r u c -
" t i o n t o t h e bill, w h i c h e v e r y b o d y k n e w h i s M a j e s t y ' s h e a r t w a s s o m u c h set u p o n f o r
" d i s p a t c h ; a n d t h a t , if t h e r e a s o n w e r e k n o w n , it w o u l d q u i c k l y p u t a n e n d t o all
t h e p r e t e n c e s o f t h e C a t h o l i c s ; t o w h i c h h i s M a j e s t y k n e w h e w a s n o e n e m y . " W i t h
t h i s a n s w e r t h e K i n g w a s satisfied, a n d e x p r e s t e d h i s wissi t h a t t h e a c t m i g h t b e d i s
p a t c h e d a s s p e e d i l y a s p o s s i b l e , i n o r d e r t o h i s p a s s i n g it t h a t session, w h i c h h e h a d a p
p o i n t e d t o m a k e a n e n d o f w i t h i n a f e w d a y s . A c c o r d i n g l y , o n t h e n e x t d a y , t h e r e
p o r t w a s c a l l e d f o r a n d m a d e , a n d t h e bill o r d e r e d t o b e e n g r o s s e d a g a i n s t t h e f o l l o w
i n g m o r n i n g , t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l n o t b e i n g a t t h a t t i m e in t h e H o u s e . B u t o n t h e
s u c c e e d i n g m o r n i n g , w h e n t h e C h a n c e l l o r h a d t h e bill e n g r o f l e d in h i s h a n d t o p r e s e n t
it t o t h e H o u s e t o b e r e a d a t h i r d t i m e , L o r d B r i s t o l c a m e t o h i m t o t h e w o o l s a c k , a n d
w i t h g r e a t d i s p l e a s u r e a n d w r a t h in his c o u n t e n a n c e t o l d h i m , " t h a t if t h a t bill w e r e
r e a d t h a t d a y , h e w o u l d s p e a k a g a i n s t it." T h e C h a n c e l l o r , w i t h o u t b e i n g i n f l u e n c e d
b y h i s L o r d s s i i p ' s a n g e r , p e r s e v e r e d i n h i s p u r p o s e , a n d t h e a c t w a s p a s s e d t h a t
d a v (r)' .. . (.-) C o n t i n u a t i o n
I n t h e y e a r 1 6 6 3 , a n i n c i d e n t o c c u r r e d w h i c h b r o u g h t t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l i n t o a n of the use of
e x a m i n a t i o n b e f o r e t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s . O n t h e t h i r t e e n t h o f J u n e , M r . C o v e n - c i a m w o n ? ' 1 f
t r y a c q u a i n t e d t h e H o u s e , f r o m t h e K i n g , " t h a t a m e s s a g e w a s d e l i v e r e d t o h i s M a - V o i . n . p .
" j e s t y , b y a p e r s o n o f q u a l i t y , f r o m S i r R i c h a r d T e m p l e , t o t h e e f f e c t f o l l o w i n g ; l6s'
*' v i z . t h a t S i r R i c h a r d T e m p l e w a s s o r r y h i s M a j e s t y w a s o f f e n d e d w i t h h i m t h a t h e
" c o u l d n o t g o a l o n g w i t h t h e m t h a t h a d u n d e r t a k e n h i s b u s i n e s s in t h e H o u s e o f C o m -
" m o n s : b u t , if h i s M a j e s t y w o u l d t a k e h i s a d v i c e , a n d i n t r u s t h i m a n d h i s f r i e n d s ,
" h e w o u l d u n d e r t a k e h i s b u s i n e s s s s i o u l d b e e f f e c t e d , a n d t h e r e v e n u e sett led, b e t t e r
" . t h a n h e c o u l d d e s i r e , if t h e C o u r t i e r s d i d n o t h i n d e r i t ( j ) . " A C o m m i t t e e b e i n g () journals of
a p p o i n t e d t o e x a m i n e t h e m a t t e r , S i r R i c h a r d . T e m p l e , o n t h e s i x t e e n t h , i n f o r m e d t h e ' c h ^ | " f
5 H o u s e , vol. v m .
p. 50a.
2 3 2 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) .

H o u s e , t h a t , i n p u r s u a n c e o f t h e l e a v e g r a n t e d h i m , h e h a d p e t i t i o n e d t h e K i n g f o r the"
n a m e o f t h e p e r s o n w h o h a d g i v e n a r e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f h i m t o h i s M a j e s t y , a n d t h a t
M r . S e c r e t a r y M o r r i c e h a d t o l d h i m t h a t h e s h o u l d r e c e i v e h i s a n s w e r i n t h e H o u s e .
A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e S e c r e t a r y d e l i v e r e d , i n W r i t i n g , a m e s s a g e f r o m h i s M a j e s t y ; u p o n
w h i c h it w a s r e s o l v e d , t h a t t h e s a i d m e s s a g e s h o u l d b e r e f e r r e d t o t h e C o m m i t t e e b e f o r e
a p p o i n t e d t o c o n s i d e r , u p o n t h e p r e s e n t d e b a t e , h o w f a r t h e H o u s e is c o n c e r n e d i n t h e
c a f e o f S i r R i c h a r d T e m p l e , a n d t o r e p o r t t h e i r o p i n i o n w h a t is fit t o b e d o n e i n t h e
(#) Journals of b u s i n e s s (/). O n t h e t w e n t i e t h o f J u n e , u p o n a r e p o r t o f t h e C o m m i t t e e , it w a s f a r t h e r
the House of
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V0U VIU.P.5OJ. " p l e a s e d t o n a m e t h e p e r s o n w h o d i d d e l i v e r t h e m e s s a g e t o h i s M a j e s t y f r o m S i r
** R i c h a r d T e m p l e . " I n c o n s e q u e n c e o f t h i s a d d r e s s , M r . S e c r e t a r y M o r r i c e , o n t h e
t w e n t y - s i x t h o f t h e m o n t h , a c q u a i n t e d t h e H o u s e , t h a t t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l w a s t h e p e r
s o n w h o h a d d e l i v e r e d t h e m e s s a g e f r o m S i r R i c h a r d T e m p l e t o h i s M a j e s t y . It w a s
t h e n r e s o l v e d , t h a t a c o p y o f t h e K i n g ' s first m e s s a g e t o t h e H o u s e a g a i n s t S i r R i c h a r d
T e m p l e , s h o u l d b e s e n t t o t h e E a r l , a n d h i s a n s w e r b e d e s i r e d . I n r e t u r n , h i s L o r d s h i p
r e n d e r e d h i s m o s t h u m b l e a n d h e a r t y t h a n k s t o t h e H o u s e , t h a t , i n s u c h a n i m p o r t a n t
m a t t e r , a n d s o m u c h c o n c e r n i n g h i s h o n o u r , t h e y d i d s i g n i f y t h e i r d e s i r e s t o h i m i n f a
o b l i g i n g a m a n n e r : b u t in r e g a r d t h e t h i n g w a s o f s o g r e a t c o n s e q u e n c e , p a r t l y r e l a t
i n g t o h i s M a j e s t y , a n d a l s o c o n c e r n i n g h i s o w n h o n o u r , a n d t h e r e p u t a t i o n o f a m e m
b e r o f t h e h o u s e , h e c o u l d n o t e n t r u s t a n y o t h e r p e r s o n t o d e l i v e r h i s a n s w e r , f o r f e a r
o f m i s t a k e s , w h i c h m i g h t t h e r e b y h a p p e n , a n d b e c a u s e h e m i g h t p r o b a b l y , if p r e s e n t ,
c l e a r a n y m a t t e r w h i c h m i g h t f a r t h e r a c c r u e : a n d t h e r e f o r e , t h a t h e m i g h t g i v e f u l l
s a t i s f a c t i o n t o s o i l l u s t r i o u s a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f h i s c o u n t r y , h e d e s i r e d a d a y m i g h t b e
p r e f i x e d w h e n h e m i g h t b e a d m i t t e d t o g i v e a n a c c o u n t t o t h e H o u s e , i n p e r s o n , c o n
c e r n i n g t h e m a t t e r : a n d h e c o n c l u d e d w i t h d e c l a r i n g , t h a t h e w o u l d m a k e h i s a d d r e s s
t o t h e L o r d s , t h a t h e m i g h t b e p e r m i t t e d s o t o d o . W e d n e s d a y , t h e first o f J u l y ,
b e i n g f i x e d u p o n f o r t h e E a r l o f Bristol's p e r s o n a l a p p e a r a n c e ; o n t h a t d a y , b e i n g
p l a c e d in a c h a i r set f o r h i m o n p u r p o s e , o n t h e left side o f t h e H o u s e , w i t h i n t h e b a r ,
a s i d t h e S p e a k e r h a v i n g o p e n e d t h e b u s i n e s s , t h e E a r l a d d r e s s e d h i m s e l f t o t h e C o m
m o n s , i n a s p e e c h a d m i r a b l e f o r its i n g e n u i t y a n d e l o q u e n c e ; w h i c h , t h e r e f o r e , a n d
e s p e c i a l l y a s it is little k n o w n , m a n y o f o u r R e a d e r s m a y w i s h t o p e r u s e [ _ F ~

[ F ] M a n y o f o u r R e a d e r s n a y %>AJh lo p e r u s e . ] I t is denies to h a v e sent, h o w c a n m e n o f h o n o u r for

as follows :
' M r . S p e a k e r ,
' W e r e I to b e w r o u g h t u p o n b y the arts a n d m e -
* naces o f m y e n e m i e s , or b y the a l a r m s o f m y friends
* o n m y behalf, contrary to the firmness a n d assu-
* r a n e e w h i c h a clean heart a n d a g o o d conscience
' d o e s a l w a y s u p h o l d in a m a n o f h o n o u r , 1 s h o u l d
* h a v e a p p e a r e d in this place w i t h s u c h fear a n d t r e m -
* biing, as c o u l d not clinic b u t disorder a n y m a n ' s
* realon a n d elocution : the niceness o f t h e subject
* u p o n w h i c h I a m b r o u g h t hither, w e r e e n o u g h to
' d i s c o m p o s e o n e ; b u t o v e r a n d a b o v e that, 1 a m
' not ignorant w h a t personal prejudices I a m u n d e r ,
* a n d n o w industriously t h e y h a v e b e e n i m p r o v e d
* a m o n g y o u . B u t w h e n 1 l o o k r o u n d this ilhistrsous
* a s s e m b l y , a n d f e e t h r e e p a r t s o f it c o m p o s e d o f
* m e n w h o wear, as I do, a s w o r d b y their fides, a n d
* w h o h a v e d r a w n it s o o f t e n f o r t h e K i n g ' s s e r v i c e ,
* G e n t l e m e n o f birth, integrity, f o r t u n e , all a p p r e -
1 heniions vanish f r o m a m a n , w h o h a t h served a n d
* suffered for the K i n g as I h a v e done. M r . S p e a k e r ,
I k n o w the t i m e o f this H o u s e , u p o n w h o s e p r u d e n t
' deliberations the happiness o f the K i n g a n d king-
4 d o m d e p e n d , is t o o p r e c i o u s t o h a v e a n y p a r t o f
* it s p e n t i n v i n d i c a t i o n o f m e : b u t , s i n c e n o t o n l y
* the reputation a n d i n n o c e n c e o f o n e o f y o u r m e m -
* b e r s d e p e n d s u p o n w h a t I fliall fay, b u t e v e n his
* Majesty's h o n o u r m a y in s o m e sort b e c o n c e r n e d
4 in t h e r i g h t a p p r e h e n s i o n o f it, I h o p e it w i l l b e
* t h o u g h t n o p r e s u m p t i o n in m e to b e g o f y o u , as I
* d o , in all h u m i l i t y , o n e q u a r t e r o f a n h o u r ' s p a -
* tience a n d a t t e n t i o n . M r . Speaker, I a m l>ere
* e x p o s e d as the bearer o f a m e s s a g e to his Majesty
* f r o m Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e , w h i c h h e h a t h t h o u g h t
w o r t h y to b e c o m p l a i n e d o f to this H o u s e , a n d
* w h i c h Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e affirms h e n e v e r sent.
1 L a y y o u r h a n d s u p o n y o u r hearts, G e n t l e m e n , a n d
4 fay truly, d o e s n o t y o u r innate c a n d o u r pity m y
* condition, b r o u g h t into a streight in all a p p e a r -
4 a n c e so inextricable i F o r , o n the o n e side, if I
4 a v o w to h a v e carried f r o m Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e the
message, w h i c h his M a j e s t y h a s b e e n pleased to
4 m a k e lo h i g h a n d to u n u s u a l a n expression o f his
4 b e i n g offended ata a u d w h i c h Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e
give m e so u n g e n t l e m a n l y a p r o c e e d i n g t o w a r d s a
p e r s o n w h o h a t h trusted m e , as a friend, to d o
h i m (as h e t h o u g h t ) a g o o d office w i t h his M a j e s t y !
O n the o t h e r fide, M r . S p e a k e r , s h o u l d I d i s a v o w
the h a v i n g delivered the m e s s a g e f r o m Sir R i c h a r d
T e m p l e , w h i c h h i s M a j e s t y h a t h t h o u g h t sit t o a f
firm that h e received f r o m h i m a n d b y m e , w h a t
subject c a n b e strong e n o u g h n o t to fink for e v e r
u n d e r the w e i g h t o f such a contradiction to his
S o v e r e i g n ! I ask y o u again, G e n t l e m e n , d o c s
n o t the condition y o u fee m e b r o u g h t into, b y the
arts o f m y e n e m i e s , m o v e y o u at the f a m e t i m e to
pity a n d indignation ? M r . S p e a k e r , w h e n D a v i d
w a s p u t to his choice o f o n e o f the three calamities,
h e m a d e election o f the plague. -A n d w h y ; that h e
m i g h t fall into t h e h a n d s o f G o n , a n d n o t o f m e n .
In like m a n n e r , M r . S p e a k e r , if o n e o f the t w o
e x t r e m e s w i t h w h i c h I a m t h r e a t e n e d b e , as it
a p p e a r s , u n a v o i d a b l e , let m e fall into t h e h a n d s
o f G o d ' s vicegerent, the K i n g : t h e w o r l d will
n e v e r p a r d o n m e a n u n w o r t h y action; his g o o d n e s s ,
I a m lure, w o u l d in t i m e p a r d o n a g e n e r o u s fault.
B u t w h e n y o u h a v e h e a r d m e out, G e n t l e m e n , I
a m confident y o u will find, that I shall n e e d neither
the world's p a r d o n n o r the king's, b u t o n l y yours.
I n t h e first p l a c e , M r . S p e a k e r , I a m b o u n d t o c l e a r
Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e , w h i c h I h e r e d o u p o n m y
h o n o u r , that h e n e v e r sent b y m e a m e s s a g e to t h e
K i n g , t h a t h a d in it t h e least tincture o f a n u n d e r
taking o f his ; w h i c h I conceive c o u l d b e the o n l y
part that could give offence to his Majesty, or b e a
g r o u n d for the c o m p l a i n t m a d e against him.'
I n t h e n e x t p l a c e , it t h e K i n g , w h o , t h e l a w f a y s ,
c a n d o n o w r o n g , h a t h t h o u g h t fit t o a f f i r m , t h a t
1 b r o u g h t h i m that u n d e r t a k i n g m e s s a g e f r o m ir
R i c h a r d T e m p l e , it m u s t n e e d s b e t r u e , a n d I d o
w i t h all submission a v o w w h a t e v e r his M a j e s t y is
pleased to affirm o f m e . But, h a v i n g d i s c h a r g e d
that d u t y t o w a r d s m y S o v e r e i g n , I h o p e I m a y b e
a l l o w e d to lay the fault h o m e u p o n myself, a n d to
tell y o u , that m y t o n g u e , 1 k n o w n o t b y w h a t dis-
t e m p e r , delivered that w h i c h , I protest to G o o ,
w a s n e v e r in m y t h o u g h t s . I w a s lo far f r o m think
i n g to deliver s u c h a m e s s a g e f r o m Sir R i c h a r d
T e m p l e , that I did n o t think m y s e l f c h a r g e d w i t h
' a n y
 D I G B
I n c o n c l u s i o n it w a s r e s o l v e d , first, t h a t S i r R i c h a i d T e m p l e
p r i v i l e g e o f t h e H o u s e , in t h e m a t t e r i n q u e s t i o n c o n c e r n i n g h i m
a n y t h i n g b y w a y o f m e s s a g e . It is t r u e , M r .
S p e a k e r , t h a t , b e i n g f u l l o t i n d i g n a t i o n a t ill o f f i c e s
d o n e h i m , I m a d e a w a r m address to his M a j e l l y in
Sir R i c h a r d T t m p l c ' s behalf, w h e r e i n I expressed
his grief, that his Majelly should be offended w i t h
h i m ; a n d h a v i n g joined thereunto s o m e reasonings
ot his to justify his conduct, in relation to I m M a
jesty's service, very agreeable to m y o w n sentiments,
J p u r i u e d his expressions w i t h luch o f m y o w n , as
(all c i r c u m s t a n c e s c o n s i d e r e d ) t h e m o s t u n a t t e n t i v e
person, a n d the m o l t biasled w i t h passion against
.Sir R i c h a i d T e m p l e , m i g h t h a v e ealily . u n d e r s t o o d
it t o b e n o u n d e r t a k i n g o f h i s , b u t o n l y a w a r m
discourse, a n d confident u n d e r t a k i n g o f m y o w n .
fcir R i c h a r d ' T e m p l e b e i n g t h u s c l e a r e d , w i t h o u t
the least c o n t r a d i c t i o n to his M a j e s t y , if to u n d e r
t a k e f o r y o u , G e n t l e m e n , b e a g u i l t , it is o n l y I
that stand guilty before y o u . B u t y o u are too
noble, I a m lure, a n d too jult, to c o n d e m n m e in
in y o u r j u d g m e n t , before y o u h a v e h e a r d the na
ture a n d circumstances o f m y u n d e r t a k i n g ; w h i c h ,
w i t h y o u r leave, I shall declare to the full, t a k i n g
the m a t t e r (as I m u s t needs, to be rightly u n d e r
stood) f r o m a n h i g h e r original. M s . Speaker,
h a v i n g h a d che h o n o u r heretofore of discharging,
w i i h approbation, a place o f so high trust as that
o f Secretary o f State to his Majelty's Father, o f
blesled m e m o r y , a n d to himself; a n d since m y
quitting that place, b e i n g a d m i t t e d so frequently to
the happiness o f his princely conversation ; y o u c a n
not i m a g i n e b u t that s o m e t i m e s h e v o u c h s a f e d to
speak to m e of business, especially o f Parliaments,
w h e r e I h a v e the h o n o u r at present to b e a Peer,
a n d h a v e heretofore b e e n as m u c h versed as s o m e of
m y c o t e m p o r a r i e s in the p r o c e e d i n g s o f the H o
n o u r a b l e H o u l e o f C o m m o n s . Iconfefs, that before
t h i , last a s s e m b l i n g h e d i u it m o r e t h a n o n c e a n d
the o p i n i o n I m o s t constantly delivered c o n c e r n i n g
this H o u s e was, that never K i n g w a s so h a p p y in
a H o u s e of C o m m o n s as h e w a s in y o u ; a H o u s e
c o m p o s e d o f lo m a n y G e n t l e m e n of birth a n d for
tune, e m i n e n t in their faithfulness to h i m , a n d
s u c h as c o u l d n e v e r b e suspected o f a n y sinister d e
signs, or o f a n y other d e p e n d e n c e b u t u p o n t h e
C r o w n , a n d u p o n the care o f those that chose t h e m ,
a n d s u c h as in t h e last sessions h a d m a n i f e s t e d their
affections to h i m b y s u c h large aids a n d supplies ;
adding, that n o t h i n g c o u l d be m o r e i m p o r t a n t to
h i s s e r v i c e , t h a n t o m a k e a n d p r e s e r v e y o u still
p o p u l a r with those that sent y o u . T o w h i c h e n d I
t o o k the liberty to tell h i m , that if t h e necessity o f
his affairs ( o f w h i c h I, h a v i n g n o p a r t in his c o u n
cil, w a s n o g o o d j u d g e ) c o u l d a d m i t o f it, h e
o u g h t not in p r u d e n c e to let y o u give h i m a n y
m o n e y this sitting, b u t rather to oblige y o u w h o l l y
to a p p l y yourselves to the m a k i n g o f such l a w s as
m i g h t e n d e a r b o t h h i m a n d y o u to the P e o p l e ; b y
w h i c h m e a n s , at a n o t h e r m e e t i n g , h e w o u l d be m a s
ter o f the hearts- a n d purses of his subjects. B u t in
cafe his necessities stiould u r g e h i m to press y o u ,
before the riling, for a n e w supply, that h e o u g h t ,
b y all m e a n s , t o let it b e a c c o m p a n i e d , if n o t p r e
c e d e d , b y s o m e e m i n e n t acts for the r e f o r m a t i o n
o f f o r m e r abuses, a n d for the securing his subjects
f r o m the like for the future. 1 persisted, M r .
S p e a k e r , in p r e s s i n g , u p o n all o c c a s i o n s , this a d
v i c e t o h i s M a j e l l y , till w i t h i n s o m e f e w w e e k s
after their m e e t i n g ; w h e n , finding m y s e l f (I k n o w
not' b y w h a t m i s f o r t u n e ) fallen u u d a r s o m e p r e j u
dice, I t h o u g h t that a total forbearance f r o m
speaking to h i m o f a n y business w o u l d b e the best
w a y of m y serving h i m . A n d I protest u n t o y o u ,
G e n t l e m e n , w i t h all sincerity, t h a t f r o m t h a t t i m e ,
until that o f his Majelty's expressing to m e s o m e dis
pleasure against Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e , I n e v e r o n c e
o p e n e d m y lips to h i m o f a n y p u b l i c affair w h a t
s o e v e r . Jt is t r u e , M r . S p e a k e r , t h a t a g r o u n d b e i n g
given m e to enter again w i t h his M a j e s t y u p o n a
s u b j e c t w h i c h m y h e a r t w a s still f u l l o t , 1 l a i d h o l d
o n the occasion, a n d , in p u r s u a n c e o f w h a t I h a d
said in h e h a l f of Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e , told his M a -
V o l . V .
Y ( G e o r g e )
h a d n o t b r o k e n af)y
: a n d , s e c o n d l y , t h a t
t h e
jesty, p e r h a p s w i t h m o r e f r e e d o m a n d fervour t h a n
d i d b e c o m e m e , that I f o u n d his courtiers g a v e
h i m w r o n g measures, b o t h o f the t e m p e r o f the
H o u s e of C o m m o n s , a n d o f the m e a n s to attain
f r o m t h e m a n y n e w supplies, w h e t h e r b y w a y o f
present, gift, o r o f s u c h establishments in his reve
nues, as m i g h t i n d e e d p u t h i m o u t of necestity ;
since there c o u l d be n o rea'.onable h o p e s of o b
taining f r o m t h e m a n y s u c h allistance b u t b y a
c o n c o m i t a n c e , if n o t a p r e c e d e n c e , o f such acts as
m i g h t b e grateful a n d beneficial to his subjects,
a n d secure t h e m , that w h a t shall be given here-*
after fl:ould be better m a n a g e d for his Majesty's
service t h a n those vast s u m s that h a d b e e n for
m e r l y g r a n t e d : that if his M a j e s t y , in his p r i n c e l y
w i s d o m , s h o u l d t h i n k fit t o d r i v e o n h i s b u s i n e s s
u p o n solid g r o u n d s , a n d n o t u p o n the false a n d
self-interelted m e a s u r e s o f s o m e courtiers, h e
h a d a H o u s e of C o m m o n s c o m p o s e d o f M e m b e r s
so full o f affection to his person, a n d zeal for his
prosperity a n d glory, that not o n l y Sir R i c h a r d
T e m p l e , b u t the m o s t u n p r e j u d i c e d a n d wisest
m e n of the k i n g d o m , as well as mylelf, durst u n
d e r t a k e for t h e m , f-ee here, G e n t l e m e n , the b o l d
u n d e r t a k i n g that s u c h a H o u s e of C o m m o n s w o u l d
n e v e r let h i m w a n t s u c h present supplies as t h e
true necessity o f his affairs should require, n o r s u c h
a n e s t a b l i l h e d r e v e n u e a s is fit t o s u p p o r t t h e
greatness a n d h o n o u r o f his C r o w n . If this w a s a
criminal u n d e r t a k i n g , y o u h a v e before y o u , G e n
tlemen, confiteniem reum. B u t whilst I a m e n d e a
v o u r i n g to clear Sir R i c h a r d T e m p l e , a n d to vindi
cate or arraign myself, a c c o r d i n g as y o u shall b e
p l e a s e d t o u n d e r s t a n d it, b y telling y o u w h a t p a s s e d
f r o m m e to his Majesty, I m u s t not o m i t to give
h i m the h o n o u r d u e to h i m for the kingly reply h e
m a d e to m e u p o n this occasion, w h i c h w a s , T h a t h e
h a d a true ienle o f the merit of the H o u s e o f C o m
m o n s t o w a r d s h i m , e v e n far b e y o n d w h a t I h a d
expressed ; a n d this w a s the reason w h y , relying
so entirely as h e did u p o n the affections o f that
w h o l e b o d y , h e w a s , a n d ever should be, offended
at a n y proposition to carry o n his business there b y
officious u n d e r t a k i n g s a n d cabals, either o f his
c o u r t i e r s o r o t h e r s . A n e x p r e s s i o n fit t o b e w r i t t e n
w i t h the rays o f the fun, that all the w o r l d m a y
read it; a n expression w h i c h c a n n o t chuse b u t in
f l a m e the affections o f all this n o b l e a s s e m b l y t h a t
h e a r m e , a n d carry y o u to m a k e g o o d these h a p p y
impressions o f y o u , w h i c h are so d e e p l y stampt in
h i s r o y a l b r e a l t : s u c h as I s h o u l d t h i n k it a c r i m e
to d o u b t , b u t that all s u s p i c i o n s b e i n g n o w v a n i s h e d
o f his Majesty's o w i n g the s u p p l y desired to a n y
acts or contrivances o f others, y o u r o w n zeal for
his service will, e v e n in the p r o p o r t i o n a n d t i m e
liness o f that, e x c e e d t h e v a i n p r o p o s a l s o f all p i c k -
t h a n k undertakers. M r . Speaker, 1 s h o u l d h a v e
here p u t a period to y o u r trouble o f h e a r i n g m e ,
did I not think I m i g h t incur the i m p u t a t i o n o f
m u c h w e a k n e s s a n d supineness in m y o w n highest
c o n c e r n m e n t s , if, v a l u i n g a s I d o , a b o v e all e a r t h
ly c o n c e r n m e n t s , the favour a n d the e s t e e m o f m y
c o u n t r y , of w h i c h y o u are the illustrious R e p r e s e n
tatives, a n d k n o w i n g w h a t industry h a s b e e n used
to blast m e with y o u , 1 s h o u l d not lay hold o n this
just occasion to r e m o v e f r o m m e s o m e unjust p r e
judices u n d e r w h i c h I h a v e laboured. A n d this
M r . S p e a k e r , I h u m b l y b e g leave to d o in v e r y f e w
w o r d s . I appeal, G e n t l e m e n , to n u m b e r s of y o u
that h e a r m e , w h e t h e r 1 have not b e e n represented
u n t o y o u for the giver o f advice o f a far different
tenor f r o m w h a t y o u h a v e h e a r d u p o n this o c c a
sion ; w h e t h e r I h a v e not b e e n painted o u t u n t o
y o u as an inllamer o f his Majesty against his P a r
liament, for a n e n e m y of the C h u r c h of E n g l a n d ,
a n d for a d a n g e r o u s driver o n of the Papistical in
terest. It is true, M r . S p e a k e r , I a m a C a t h o l i c k
of the C h u r c h o f R o m e , b u t not o f the C o u r t of
H o m e ; n o negotiator there o f Cardinals* caps for
his Majesty's subjects a n d domestics ; a true R o m a n
C a t h o l i c k as to the o t h e r world, b u t a true English*
O o o ' m a n
1 2 * D I G B
t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l , i n t h e a c c o u n t w h i c h h e h a d g i v e n i n t h e m a t t e r c o n c e r n i n g S i r
R i c h a r d T e m p l e , h a d c a r r i e d h i m s e l f w i t h all d u t i f u l n e s s t o w a r d s h i s M a j e s t y ; h a d
c l e a r e d t h e M e m b e r o f t h e H o u s e ; a n d t h a t t h e H o u s e w a s w e l l satisfied w i t h h i s r e -
s r )/ C o m m o n s s p e c t s t o t h e m ( r ) .
Journals, ubi T h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l w a s at t h i s t i m e d e e p l y e m b a r r a s s e d in h i s affairs. H i s e s t a t e h a d
supra.
p. 507,511, b e e n d i s p o s e d o f a n d settled, b y h i s o w n c o n s e n t , u p o n t h e m a r r i a g e o f h i s e l d e s t s o n
S " > 5'4 5'5 t w i c e t o g r e a t f o r t u n e s ; s o t h a t w h e n h e r e t u r n e d t o E n g l a n d a f t e r t h e R e s t o r a t i o n , h e
h a d little m o r e t o subsist u p o n t h a n t h e K i n g ' s b o u n t y , w h i c h w a s n o t p o u r e d u p o r i
h i m in t h e m e a s u r e h e w i f l i e d , t h o u g h f e w p e r s o n s h a d l a r g e r e x p e r i e n c e o f it t h a n
h i m s e l f .
C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d h a d b e e n m u n i f i c e n t t o h i m in s e v e r a l r e s p e c t s , a n d h a d p a r t i c u
l a r l y g i v e n h i m a t o n e t i m e t e n t h o u s a n d p o u n d s in m o n e y , w i t h w h i c h h e h a d p u r -
c h a s e d W i m b l e d o n o f t h e Q u e e n D o w a g e r . B e s i d e s this, h i s M a j e s t y h a d b e s t o w e d
u p o n h i m A s h - d o w n - F o r e s t , a n d o t h e r l a n d s in S u s s e x . Still, h o w e v e r , h e w a s p o o r ;
a n d w i t h t h e d i s p o s i t i o n s h e w a s p o s s e s s e d o f , h e c o u l d n o t a v o i d c o n t i n u i n g t o b e p o o r .
H e w a s n o t o n l y , i n g e n e r a l , i m p r o v i d e n t in h i s e x p e n c e s , b u t r e t a i n e d h i s p a s s i o n
f o r g a m i n g , w h i c h h a d b e e n s o f a t a l t o h i m t h r o u g h t h e w h o l e c o u r s e o f h i s life ;
a n d i n s t e a d o f d e r i v i n g t h e a d v a n t a g e s t h a t m i g h t h a v e b e e n o b t a i n e d f r o m h i s p u r c h a s e
a t W i m b l e d o n , h e s p e n t a s m u c h m o n e y i n b u i l d i n g a n d g a r d e n i n g a s t h e l a n d w a s
w o r t h .
T o t h e distress o f h i s m i n d , a r i s i n g f r o m t h e e m b a r r a s s m e n t o f h i s c i r c u m s t a n c e s , w a s
a d d e d a n o t h e r m o r t i f i c a t i o n . T h o u g h h e h a d a l w a y s f r e e a c c e s s t o t h e K i n g , a n d w a s
c o n s u l t e d b y h i m o n v a r i o u s o c c a s i o n s , y e t h e h a d n o t t h a t d e g r e e o f f a v o u r a n d a f f e c
t i o n w i t h h i s M a j e s t y , w h i c h h e i m a g i n e d t o b e d u e t o h i s m e r i t , a n d w h i c h h e w i s h e d
t h a t t h e w o r l d m i g h t b e l i e v e h i m t o p o s s e s s . O n a c c o u n t , i n d e e d , o f h i s r e l i g i o n , h e
m a n as to this : s u c h a o n e as, h a d w e a K i n g in
clined to that profession (as, o n the contrary, w e
h a v e o n e the m o s t firm a n d constant to the Piotes-
tant Religion that ever sat u g o n the throne), I
w o u l d tell h i m as freely as t h e D . o f Sully, b e i n g
a Protestant, told his g r a n d f a t h e r H e n r y I V . that if
h e m e a n t to b e a R i n g h e m u s t be a constant p r o
fessor a n d m a i n t a i n e r o f t h e religion established in
his d o m i n i o n s . Believe m e , G e n t l e m e n , R o m a n
C a t h o l i c k a s I a m , t h e r e is n o m a n a m o n g s t y o u
all m o r e t h o r o u g h l y p e r s u a d e d t h a n I a m , that
the true pillars that c a n u p h o l d this M o n a r c h y
* m u s t ever b e the m a i n t e n a n c e o f t h e subjects just
* rights a n d liberties, a n d t h e careful preservation
* o f t h a t state ecclesiastical w h e r e o f his M a j e s t y is
* the s u p r e m e G o v e r n o u r ; a n d I d o clearly profess,
that s h o u l d the P o p e himself invade that ecclesiasti
cal right o f his, I w o u l d as readily d r a w m y s w o r d
against h i m as against the late usurper. M r . S p e a k
er, o n e prejudice m o r e I a m u n d e r , w h i c h o u g h t
to h a v e great w e i g h t indeed w i t h this H o n o u r a b l e
H o u s e , i f t h e r e w e r e a r e a l g r o u n d f o r it ; a n d
t h a t is, t h a t t h e E a r l o f Bristol is o n e o f t h o s e w h o ,
b y the vast grants that h e h a t h got o f the K i n g ,
hath, in part, contributed to the g r o a n s o f the
p e o p l e , t o f i n d t h e i r K i n g still i n s u c h n e c e s s i t y ,
after such u n e x a m p l e d c h a r g e s laid u p o n the s u b
jects for his supplies. It is true, M r . S p e a k e r , t h a t
t h o u g h I h a v e neither offices to k e e p , n o r offices to
fell, his M a j e s t y ' s gifts to m e h a v e b e e n great, in
p r o p o r t i o n t o m y m e r i t , w h i c h is n o n e j for in
serving a n d suffering for h i m w i t h faithfulness, I
d i d b u t m y d u t y , w h i c h c a r r i e s a r e w a r d w i t h it
self e n o u g h to raise a c o m f o r t to m e , f r o m the
v e r y r u i n o f m y f o r t u n e . It is a l s o t r u e , I h a v e
h a d the satisfaction f r o m his Majesty, that h e n e v e r
refused m e a n y thing I asked h i m for myself. B u t
* I h o p e I s h a l l m a k e it a p p e a r a l s o , t h a t 1 h a v e n o t
o n l y b e e n a v e r y m o d e s t after, b u t also a m o s t
' careful one, to ask n o t h i n g considerable b u t w h a t
' c a r r i e d a d v a n t a g e w i t h it, a s w e l l t o h i s M a j e s t y ' s
* interest as m y o w n . I k n o w well, M r . S p e a k e r ,
< that, w i t h so k i n d a n d so g e n e r o u s a n a t u r e as o u r
* K i n g ' s is, a n ill p r o p o r t i o n o f b o u n t y t o m e r i t , a n d
c o n s e q u e n t l y the largeness a n d kindness o f his R o y a l
heart that w a y , m a y h a v e contributed m u c h to the
p r e s e n t s t r e i g h t s h e is in. H a p p y is t h e n a t i o n t h a t
h a t h n o t h i n g to fear for the publick, b u t f r o m the
v i r t u e s o f t h e i r P r i n c e . It is y o u r p r o p e r w o r k ,
G e n t l e m e n , to r e d u c e the effects o f t h e m to a right
t e m p e r a m e n t , b y y o u r p r u d e n t inspection; a n d
m a y y o u b e g i n it w i t h all m y c o n c e r n m e n t s , w h i c h
* I m o s t readily lay at y o u r feet, h u m b l y b e g g i n g o f
Y ( G e o r g e ) *
* y o u to appoint a time, w h e n I m a y display t h e m
* all faithfully b e f o r e y o u ; in h o p e s that n o m a n
w h o hath b e e n a pariaker ot hit Majesty's b o u n t y
' will p r o v e h i m s e l f so u n w o r t h y o f it as n o t t o fol-
l o w the e x a m p l e . M r . Speaker, if h a v i n g t h u s
* p o u r e d out m y foul before you, I h a v e b e e n lo h a p p y
< as to h a v e begot in this H o n o u r a b l e H o u s e a right
persuasion o f the sincerity o f m y heart, I expeEt a n d
i m p l o r e t w o g r a c i o u s effects o f it : T h e first, t h a t
* y o u will b e pleased to grant m e y o u r pardon, if the
* s a m e zeal for his Majesty's service, a n d the g o o d
' o f m y country, w h i c h m a d e m e p r e s u m e (being n o
* counsellor) to press u p o n his Majesty m y opinion in
' matters of such importance, has transported m e also,
at this time, in s o m e sort, so as to b e c o m e your'
adviser. Y o u h a v e heard, G e n t l e m e n , of the d u m b
* m a n w h o s e t o n g u e w a s set free b y the i m m i n e n t
d a n g e r o f his father's life : w o n d e r n o t then, G e n -
4 tlemen, that such a lover of his K i n g a n d C o u n t r y
' as I a m , havir g seen t h e m , -within these three years,
in a prospect o f s u c h glory a n d happiness, b o t h at
' h o m e a n d abroad, a n d finding to w h a t a fad condi-
1 tion t h i n g s a r e n o w r e d u c e d ( b y w h a t m e a n s it is
m o r e p r o p e r for y o u to enquire, a n d m a y h e a v e n
' bless y o u r i n s p e c t i o n !) ; w o n d e r n o t , I say, G e n t l e -
' m e n , that a m a n so affected as I a m , should, b y
* s o m e e r u p t i o n s o f heart, ler y o u see, t h a t ptriculunt
4 fatrite o u g h t to h a v e a m o r e p o w e r f u l effect u p o n n
* m a n o f p u b l i c f o u l , t h a n p t r i c u l u m p a t r h , a n d is c a -
pable, if I w e r e a m u t e , to m a k e m e b e c o m e a
1 c o u n s e l l o r . T h e n e x t is, M r . S p e a k e r , t h a t if ( a s
1 I said before) I h a v e been so h a p p y in w h a t I e x -
pressed as to h a v e raised in y o u s o m e m o r e savour-
' able thoughts c o n c e r n i n g m e , y o u w o u l d vouchsafe
* m e s o m e d e m o n s t r a t i o n o f it, w h e r e b y I m a y n o
* m o r e be m a d e , b y m y enemies, such a b u g b e a r as
1 a m : as if a gracious look cf his Ma/esty u p o n m e ,
w e r e e n o u g h to ruin all his affairs w i t h y o u . I shall
then continue the w a y I a m in with c o m f o r t ; b u t
if I b e s o u n f o r t u n a t e , a s t h a t t h e r e still r e m a i n s i n
this i n c o m p a r a b l e representative ot m y c o u n t r y a n y
u m b r a g e o f d a n g e r t o it b y r o y a c c e s s t o h i s M a j e s t y ,
as dear as the conversation o f the amiablest Prince
t h a t e v e r b r e a t h e d is to m e , I (hall b a n i s h m y s e l f
4 for ever f r o m his sight into the obscurest part of hit
4 d o m i n i o n ; , rather t h a n continue u p o n m e the jea-
4 lousy o f those o n w h o m his prosperity d e p e n d s ; o r
if this b e n o t e n o u g h , I shall o n c e m o r e try m y for-
4 tune a b r o a d ; w h e r e , I trust, this s w o r d , this h e a d ,
4 t h i s h e a r t , s h a l l m a k e m e l i v e a s h e r e t o f o r e , ir. s p i t e
4 o f roy e n e m i e s , w i t h lustre to myself a n d sorre ho- ^ Hi story ani
n o u r to m y nation (5).' procee dings of
the Ho use of
k n e w V o i r-
p. 6 1 7 3 -
 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) . * 3 S

l c n e w t h a t h e c o u l d n o t b e a m e m b e r o f t h e P r i v y C o u n c i l , o r o c c u p y a n o s t e n G b l e
P o s t in G o v e r n m e n t , b u t h e f l a t t e r e d h i m s e l f t h a t h e s h o u l d d e r i v e g r e a t c o n s e q u e n c e
f r o m b e i n g t h e p r i n c i p a l h e a d o f t h e R o m a n C a t h o l i c s , a n d t h e p r i m e c o n d u c t o r o f all
t h e i r affairs. H o w e v e r , h e w a s e v e n in t h i s r e s p e c t d i s a p p o i n t e d . T h e Jesuits, t o w h o m
h e p r o f e s s e d a p e c u l i a r a t t a c h m e n t ; d i d n o t a d m i t h i m t o t h e i r m o s t s e c r e t c o n s u l t a t i o n s ;
a n d t h e rest o f t h e C a t h o l i c c l e r g y w e r e still less d i s p o s e d t o p u t t h e m s e l v e s u n d e r h i s
d i r e c t i o n .
A f e w d a y s a f t e r t h e E a r l o f Bristol's a p p e a r a n c e b e f o r e t h e H o u s e o f C o m m o n s ,
f i n d i n g h i m s e l f r e d u c e d t o difficulties w h i c h it w a s n e i t h e r in h i s p o w e r t o b e a r n o r t o
r e m o v e , h i s m i n d w a s t h r o w n i n t o s u c h a g i t a t i o n , t h a t h e w a s c a r r i e d t o a g r e a t p i t c h o f
e x t r a v a g a n t b e h a v i o u r in t h e p r e s e n c e o f t h e K i n g . H a v i n g m a d e a r e q u e s t t o h i s
M a j e s t y w h i c h h e d i d n o t t h i n k , p r o p e r t o g r a n t , t h e E a r l t o l d h i m , t h a t * h e k n e w
" w e l l t h e c a u s e o f h i s w i t h d r a w i n g his f a v o u r f r o m h i m ; t h a t it p r o c e e d e d o n l y f r o m
" t h e C h a n c e l l o r , w h o g o v e r n e d h i m a n d m a n a g e d all h i s affairs, w h i l s t h i m s e l f s p e n t
" h i s t i m e o n l y in p l e a s u r e s a n d d e b a u c h e r y . " I n t h e h e a t o f h i s p a s s i o n , L o r d B r i s t o l
u p b r a i d e d t h e K i n g w i t h m a n y e x c e s s e s , w h i c h , h o w e v e r t r u e , o u g h t t o h a v e b e e n m o r e
m o d e s t l y a n d d e c e n t l y m e n t i o n e d . A l l this, t o o , w a s t r a n s a c t e d in t h e p r e s e n c e o f L o r d
A u b i g n y , w h o w a s as m u c h s u r p r i z e d a s h i s M a j e s t y . I n c o n c l u s i o n , t h e E a r l d e c l a r e d ,
" t h a t if t h e K i n g d i d n o t g i v e h i m satisfaction w i t h i n s u c h a t i m e , " ( t h e t i m e a l l o w e d
d i d n o t e x c e e d f o u r a n d t w e n t y h o u r s ), " h e w o u l d d o s o m e w h a t t h a t W o u l d a w a k e n h i m
'* o u t o f h i s s l u m b e r , a n d m a k e h i m l o o k b e t t e r t o his o w n b u s i n e s s . " H e a d d e d , l i k e
w i s e , m a n y t h r e a t s a g a i n s t t h e C h a n c e l l o r . It w a s a f a r t h e r a g g r a v a t i o n o f L o r d Bristol's
c o n d u c t u p b n this o c c a s i o n , t h a t h e h a d h i m s e l f b e e n n o s m a l l e n c o u r a g e s o f C h a r l e s t h e
S e c o n d ' s i r r e g u l a r i t i e s . D u r i n g t h e E a r l ' s r e p r o a c h e s , t h e K i n g s t o o d in s u c h c o n f u s i o n
( t h o u g h in his r e p l y h e u s e d s s i a r p e r w o r d s t h a n w e r e c u s t o m a r y , w i t h h i m " ) t h a t h e d i d
n o t p r e s e r v e t h a t d i g n i t y o f b e h a v i o u r w h i c h h e o u g h t to h a v e d o n e . H e a f t e r w a r d s
said, t h a t h e o u g h t p r e s e n t l y t o h a v e c a l l e d f o r t h e G u a r d , ic b e i n g in h i s o w n c l o s e t ,
a n d t o h a v e s e n t B r i s t o l t o t h e T o w e r (x). (i) Continuation
of the Life of
It s p e e d i l y a p p e a r e d w h a t w a s t h e r e v e n g e i n t e n d e d b y t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l . . O n t h e E d ^ r d iarl ot
t e n t h o f J u l y , 1 0 6 3 , h e e x h i b i t e d , in t h e H o u s e o f P e e r s , a c h a r g e o f H i g h T r e a s o n a g a i n s t clarendon,
t h e L o r d C h a n c e l l o r C l a r e n d o n , t h e p a r t i c u l a r s o f w h i c h will b e s e e n b e l o w [ G j . 7 ' u ' B ' s 9 i ~ '
W h e n

[ G ] T h e particulars o f 'which m a y be seen M o - w . ] 4 scandal, w h i c h h e h a d e n d e a v o u r e d to raise u p o n

* T h a t b e i n g in place o f highest trust a n d confidence
I w i t h his Majesty, a n d h a v i n g arrogated a s u p r e m e
4 direction in all his M a j e s t y ' s affairs, b o t h at h o m e
I a n d abroad, h e hath wickedly, a n d maliciously, a n d
* w i t h a traiterous intent to d r a w scandal a n d con-
* t e m p t u p o n his Majesty's person, a n d to alienate
* f r o m h i m the affections o f his subjects, abused the
* said trust in m a n n e r following, viz.
1 T h a t h e h a d traiterousty a n d maliciously endca-
4 v o u r e d to alienate the hearts o f his Majesty's subjects
* f r o m h i m b y w o r d s o f his o w n , a n d b y artificial
* insinuations of his creatures a n d dependaoces, that
his Majesty w a s inclined to Popery, a n d h a d a design
* to alter the religion established in this k i n g d o m .
* T h a r , in pursuance of that traiterous intent, h e
* hath to several persons of hi? Majesty's Privy- C o u n -
* cil h e l d discourses to this effect, vii.
4 T h a t his M.ijesty w a s dangerously corrupted in
* his icligion, a n d inclined to P o p e r y .
* T h a t persons of that religion h a d such access, a n d
4 such credit with h i m , that, unless there w e r e a care-
* ful e y e h a d u n t o it, t h e P r o t e s t a n t r e l i g i o n w o u l d b e
* o v e r t h r o w n in this k i n g d o m : a n d in pursuance of
* the said w i c k e d a n d traiterous intent, u p o n his M a -
* jelly's admitting Sir H e n r y B e n n e t to b e principal
* Secretary of State, in the place o f M r . Secretary
4 N i c h o l a s , h e hath said these w o r d s , or w o r d s to
this effect :
4 T h a t his M a j e s t y h a d given io.oool. to r e m o v e a
zealous Protestant, that h e m i g h t bring into that
place o f trust a concealed Papist, notwithstanding
t h a t t h e said S i r H e n r y B e n n e t is k n o w n to h a v e e v e r
b e e n b o t h in his profession a n d practice constant to
the Protestant religion.
* T h a t , in p u r s u a n c e o f the s a m e traiterous design,
several near friends a n d k n o w n d e p e n d a n t s of his
h a v e s a i d a l o u d , t h a t , w e r e it n o t f o r m y L o r d
Chancellor's standing in the gap, P o p e i y w o u l d b e
introduced in this k i n g d o m , or w o r d s to that effect.
' T h a t , in pursuance of the aforesaid traiterous
design, h e hath not only advised a n d persuaded the
K i n g to d p such things contrary to his o w n reasons
a n d resolutions, as m i g h t c o n f i r m a n d increase the
4 his Majesty as aforesaid, o f his favour to P o p e r y , but
1 m o r e particularly to allow his n a m e to be used to the
' P o p e a n d several Cardinals in the solicitation o f a
Cardinal's c a p for the L o r d A u b i g n y , o n e o f hi
* o w n subjects, a n d G r e a t A l m o n e r at present to hit
4 R o y a l C o n s o r t the Q u e e n .
4 T h a t , in p u r s u a n c e o f t h e s a m e w i c k e d a n d tr.iite-
4 rous design, he h a d r e c o m m e n d e d to b e e m p l o y e d
* to the P o p e o n e o f his o w n domestics, M r . R i c h a r d
Bealing, a person ( t h o u g h a n a v o w e d Papist) k n o w n
to be trusted a n d e m p l o y e d b y h i m in dispatches a n d
* negotiations c o n c e r n i n g affairs o f the greatest con-
c e r n m e n t to the nation.
' T h a t , in pursuance o f ihe said traiterous design,
4 h e b e i n g chief Minister o f State, did himself write
b y the said M r . R i c h a r d Bealing, letters to several
4 Cardinals, pressing t h e m in the K i u g ' s n a m e to in-
4 duce the P o p e to confer a Cardinal's c a p o n the said
4 L o r d A u b i g n y , p r o m i s i n g , i n c a s e it m o u l d b e a t -
tained, e x e m p t i o n to the R o m a n Catholicks o f E n g -
4 Innd f r o m the penal law9 in force against t h e m ; b y
4 w h i c h address u n t o the P o p e for that ecclesiastical
4 dignity for o n e o f his Majesty's subjects a n d d o m e -
sties, h e h a t h , as far as, I r o m o n e a c t i o n c a n b e in-
4 ferred, traiterousty a c k n o w l e d g e d the Pope's eccle-
4 fiastical sovereignty, c o n t r a r y to the k n o w n l a w s o f
4 this k i n g d o m .
4 T h a t in p u r s u a n c e o s the s a m e trairerous design,
h e has called unto h i m several Priests a n d Jesuits,
4 w h o m h e k n e w to be superiors of orders here in
4 E n g l a n d , a n d desired t h e m to write to their G e n e -
' rals at R o m e , to give their help for the obtaining
' f r o m the P o p e the Cardinal's c a p for the L o r d
4 A u b i g n y , as aforesaid, promising great favour to
4 P a p i s t s h e r e , i n c a f e it s h o u l d b e e f f e c t e d f o r h i m .
T h a t he hath p r o m i s e d to several Papists h e w o u l d
' d o his endeavour, a n d said h e h o p e d to c o m p a s s the
' t a k i n g a w a y all p e n a l l a w s a g a i n s t t h e m , w h i c h h e
4 did in pursuance o f the traiterous design aforesaid ;
4 to the e n d they m a y p r e s u m e a n d g r o w vain u p o n
4 his patronage, and, b y their publishing their h o p e s
4 of a toleration, increased the scandal e n d e a v o u r e d b y
4 h i m , a n d b y his emissaries, to be raised u p o n his
4 Majesty t h r o u g h o u t the k i n g d o m .
4 T h a t ,

i
1 1 6 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) .

W h e n t h e a r t i c l e s h a d b e e n r e a d , it w a s o r d e r e d b y t h e L o r d s , t h a t t h e y s h o u l d b e
d e l i v e r e d t o t h e L o r d C h i e f J u s t i c e , w h o , w i t h all t h e rest o f t h e J u d g e s ; w a s t o c o n
s i d e r w h e t h e r t h e c h a r g e h a d b e e n b r o u g h t in r e g u l a r l y a n d l e g a l l y ; w h e t h e r it m i g h t
b e p r o c e e d e d in ; a n d w h e t h e r t h e r e w a s a n y t r e a s o n in it o r n o t . S i r R o b e r t F o r s t e r ,
C h i e f J u s t i c e o f t h e K i n g ' s B e n c h , h a v i n g o n t h e t h i r t e e n t h r e p o r t e d t h e o p i n i o n o f
t h e J u d g e s , it w a s t h e f a m e d a y r e s o l v e d b y t h e L o r d s , a g r e e a b l y t o t h a t o p i n i o n ,
" First, 1 h a t a c h a r g e o f h i g h - t r e a s o n c a n n o t , b y t h e l a w s a n d s t a t u t e s o f this r e a l m ,
" b e o r i g i n a l l y e x h i b i t e d b y o n e P e e r a g a i n s t a n o t h e r , u n t o t h e H o u s e o f P e e r s .
" S e c o n d l y , T h a t in t h e s e articles, if t h e m a t t e r s a l l e d g e d in t h e m w e r e a d m i t t e d t o b e
" t r u e , t h e r e is n o t r e a s o n in t h e m . " It is r e m a r k a b l e t h a t t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l h i m s e l f
c o n c u r r e d in t h e s e r e s o l u t i o n s a s f r e e l y a s a n y o t h e r ; a n d t h e r e f o r e it w a s b y o r d e r
(> History and e n t e r e d t h a t t h e v o t e s w e r e n e m i n e c o n t r a d i c e n t e (/). S u c h , h o w e v e r , w a s h i s a v e r s i o n
Proceedings of to t h e E a r l o f C l a r e n d o n , t h a t h e p r e f e r r e d , a s e c o n d t i m e , h i s c h a r g e a g a i n s t h i m ,
the 'House of
Lord-, b u t w i t h n o b e t t e r s u c c e s s t h a n b e f o r e . T h e H o u s e o f L o r d s i m m e d i a t e l y d i s m i s s e d t h e
p. 5 5 4- a c c u s a t i o n , a s h a v i n g n o o t h e r g r o u n d t h a n t h e s p l e e n o f a n e n r a g e d a n d d i s a p p o i n t e d
() Ibid, e n e m y ( ) . C h a r l e s t h e S e c o n d w a s s o m u c h d i s p l e a s e d w i t h t h e E a r l of- Bristol's c o n
p. 68, 69. d u c t in t h e w h o l e o f t h e affair, t h a t h e g a v e w a r r a n t s t o a S e r j e a n t at A r m s t o a p p r e
h e n d h i m ; o n w h i c h a c c o u n t h e c o n c e a l e d h i m s e l f i n s e v e r a l p l a c e s f o r t h e s p a c e o f
n e a r l y t w o y e a r s . D u r i n g t h i s i n t e r v a l , h e s o m e t i m e s s e n t l e t t e r s a n d p e t i t i o n s b y h i s
w i f e t o t h e K i n g , w h o w o u l d n o t r e c e i v e t h e m . B u t , a t l e n g t h , t h r o u g h t h e i n f l u e n c e
o f t h e f a v o u r i t e L a d y ( a f t e r w a r d s D u c h e s s o f C l e v e l a n d ) a n d L o r d A r l i n g t o n , his M a j e s t y
w a s p r e v a i l e d w i t h t o f e e h i m in p r i v a t e ; t h o u g h still h e w o u l d n o t a d m i t h i m t o c o m e
o p e n l y to C o u r t , o r r e p e a l t h e w a r r a n t s f o r h i s a p p r e h e n s i o n . A c c o r d i n g l y , t h e E a r l w a s
o b l i g e d t o a b s t a i n f r o m a p p e a r i n g in p u b l i c till t h e t i m e o f t h e C h a n c e l l o r ' s d i s g r a c e ;
a n d t h e n h e c a m e b o t h t o t h e C o u r t a n d t o t h e P a r l i a m e n t in g r e a t t r i u m p h , a n d
d i s p l a y e d a h i g h e r d e g r e e o f m a l e v o l e n c e t o t h e d e g r a d e d s t a t e s m a n t h a n m i g h t h a v e
b e e n e x p e c t e d f r o m t h e s t r e n g t h o f h i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g , a n d t h e n a t u r a l g e n e r o s i t y o f h i s
(?i>) C o n t i n u t e m p e r ( w ) .
ation of the Life
of Edward Earl W e h e a r little m o r e o f t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l till t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e y e a r 1 6 7 3 , w h e n
of Clarendon, h e e x h i b i t e d t h e last i n s t a n c e w h i c h w e f i n d u p o n r e c o r d o f t h e s i g n a l e c c e n t r i c i t y o f h i s
j>. 4 0 0 , 4 0 ; .
' That, in pursuance o f the s a m e traiterous design, forts built there at so vast a c h a r g e to this kingdom.'
b e i n g entrusted with the treaty betwixt his Majesty, 4 T h a t his Majesty h a v i n g b e e n gracioufly pleased
* a n d h i s R o y a l C o n s o r t t h e Q u e e n , h e c o n c l u d e d it to c o m m u n i c a t e the desires o f the Parliament of
' u p o n articles scandalous a n d d a n g e r o u s to the Pro- Scotland, for the r e m o v a l o f the said garrison to the
' testa at religion. Parliament o f E n g l a n d , a n d to ask their advice
* T h a t , in pursuance o f the s a m e traiterous design, therein, the said Earl of C l a r e n d o n , not only per
* h e c o n c l u d e d the s a m e marriage, a n d b r o u g h t the suaded his M a j e s t y actually to r e m o v e those garrisons,
* K i n g a n d Q u e e n together, w i t h o u t a n y settled agree- w i t h o u t expecting the advice o f his Parliament o f
' m e n ; in w h a t m a n n e r t h e rites o f m a r r i a g e s h o u l d b e E n g l a n d c o n c e r n i n g ir, b u t d i d , b y m e n a c e s o f h i s
performed, w h e r e b y the Q u e e n refusing to b e married Majesty's displeasure, deter several M e m b e r s of P a r
' by a Protestant priest, in case o f her b e i n g w i t h liament f r o m m o v i n g the H o u s e , as they intended,
* child, either the succession should be m a d e uncertain to enter u p o n consideration of that matter.
* for w a n t of the d u e rights of m a t r i m o n y , or else his 4 T h a t he h a d traiteroufly a n d maliciously e n d e a r
' M a j e s t y to be e x p o s e d to a suspicion of h a v i n g b e e n v o u r e d to alienate his Majesty's affections a n d esteem
' married in his o w n d o m i n i o n s b y a R o m i s h priest, f r o m his Parliament, b y telling his Majesty that there
w h e r e b y all t h e f o r m e r s c a n d a l s e n d e a v o u r e d to b e w a s never so w e a k a n d inconsiderable a H o u s e o f L o r d s ,
raised u p o n his M a j e s t y b y the said Earl, as to point n o r never so "weak a n d so h e a d y a H o u s e of C o m m o n s ,
of Popery, m i g h t be c o n f i r m e d a n d heightened. o r w o r d s to t h a t effect ; a n d particularly, that it
T h a t , h a v i n g thus traiteroufly e n d e a v o u r e d to w a s b e t t e r to fell D u n k i r k , t h a n to b e at their m e r c y
alienate the affections of his Majesty's subjects f r o m for w a n t o f m o n e y , or w o r d s to that effect.
h i m u p o n the score o f religion, h e hath e n d e a v o u r e d 4 T h a t h e hath w i c k e d l y a n d maliciously, contrary to
* to m a k e use o f all t h e malicious scandals a n d jea- his d u t y of Chancellor, a n d to a k n o w n l a w m a d e lad
' lousies, w h i c h h e a n d his emiflaries h a d raised in his sessions, b y w h i c h m o n e y w a s given, a n d particularly
* Majesty's subjects, to raise f r o m t h e m u n t o himself applied, for the maintaining of D u n k i r k , advised
' the popular applause of being the zealous u p h o l d e r a n d effected the sale of the s a m e to the F r e n c h K i n g .
* o f the Protestant religion, a n d a p r o m o t e r o f n e w 4 T h a t he hath, contrary to law, enriched himself
' severities against Papists. a n d his treasures b y the sale o f offices.
4 T h a t he h a t h traiterouily e n d e a v o u r e d to alienate 4 T h a t , contrary to his duty, h e hath w i c k e d l y a n d
* the affections of his Majesty's subjects f r o m h i m , b y corruptly converted to his o w n use, great a n d vast
* venting in his o w n discourse, a n d b y the speeches o f s u m s o f public m o n e y raised in Ireland b y w a y o f
' his nearest relations a n d emissaries, o p p r o b r i o u s subsidy, private a n d public benevolences, a n d other
' s c a n d a l s a g a i n s t li i s M a j e s t y ' s p e r s o u a n d c o u r s e o f wise given a n d intended to defray the c h a r g e o f
' life, s u c h a s a r e n o t tit to b e m e n t i o n e d , u n l e s s g o v e r n m e n t in that k i n g d o m , B y w h i c h m e a n s a
* n e c e s s i t y i n t h e w a y o f p r o o f s h a l l r e q u i r e it. s u p e r n u m e r a r y a n d disaffected a n n y ruth b e e n kept
' T h a t h e hath traiteroufly e n d e a v o u r e d to alienate u p there, tor w a n t ot m o n e y to p a v t h e m oif,
4 the affections of his H i g h n e s s the D u k e of Y o r k o c c a s i o n e d , it s e e m s to be, b e c a u s e ot t h e late a n d
* f r o m his Majesty, b y suggesting unto h i m jealousies present distempers o f that k i n g d o m .
' as far as in h i m lay, a n d publishing a b r o a d b y his 4 T h a t , h a v i n g arrogated to himself a s u p r e m e
* emissaries, that his Majesty intended to legitimate d i r e c t i o n o f all his M a j e s t y ' s affairs, h e h a t h , w i t h a
* the D u k e of M o n m o n t h . malicious a n d corrupt intention, prevailed to h a v e
4 T h a t he hath wickedly a n d maliciously, contrary his Majesty's c u s t o m s f a r m e d at a far l o w e r rate t h a n
* to the d m y of a Privy Counsellor o f E n g l a n d , a n d others d o offer, a n d that b y persons w i t h s o m e o f
' contrary to the perpetual a n d most important interest w h o m he g o e s a share in that a n d other parts o f
' os this nation, persuaded his M'.ijelty, against the m o n e y resulting f r o m his Majesty's revenue.
4 advice of the L o r d General, to w i t h d r a w the English 'July 10, (6) History a n d
4 g a r r i s o n s o u t o f S c o t l a n d , a n d t o d e m o l i l h all t h e 16: 4 B B r R i I s s tT o o l t - (W k ) . ' t v n e x H * o * u > ! e n P o f < *
\ 1 " c h a r a c t e r , Lords, vj.i.
P- 5 5 59-
 D 1 G B Y ( G e o r g e ) , 4 3 7

c h a r a c t e r . T h i s w a s o c c a s i o n e d b y t h e p a s t i n g o f t h e f a m o u s T e s t A c t , w h i c h , f r o m
t h a t t i m e t o t h e p r e s e n t , h a s b e e n s o m u c h t h e o b j e c t o f d i s c u s s i o n a n d d e b a t e , o f
a p p l a u s e a n d c e n s u r e d T h o u g h h e w a s a p r o f e s s e d R o m a n C a t h o l i c k , a n d w a s w i l l i n g t o
b e t h o u g h t o f g r e a t c o n s e q u e n c e a m o n g t h a t b o d y , lie s p o k e in f a v o u r o f t h e bill. S o m e
a c c o u n t o f w h a t h e said u p o n t h e s u b j e c t w i l l b e s e e u in t h e n o t e ( * ) [ G ] . (x) Hist, and
Proceedings of
H i e E a r l o f B r i s t o l d e p a r t e d this life o n t h e t w e n t i e t h o f M a r c h , 1 6 7 6 - 7 , at C h e l s e a , the House'oi
in t h e sixty-fifth y e a r o f h i s a g e , a n d w a s b u r i e d at t h a t p l a c e . H e m a r r i e d t h e L a d y j ^ * ' . ' , !
A n n e M u s s e l , s e c o n d d a v i g h t e r o f F r a n c i s E a r l o f B e d f o r d , a n d h a d b y h e r L a d y s t i i p ,
w h o s u r v i v e d h i m n e a r l y t w e n t y y e a r s , t w o s o n s a n d t w o d a u g h t e r s . J o h n , h i s e l d e s t
s o n , t h e t h i r d E a r l o f Bristol, a n d a N o b l e m a n o f v e r y r e s p e c t a b l e c h a r a c t e r , d i e d o n
tlie e i g h t e e n t h o f S e p t e m b e r , 1 6 9 8 , a n d w a s i n t e r r e d a t S h e r b o r n e in D o r s e t s h i r e ,
w h e r e a s u m p t u o u s m o n u m e n t is e r e c t e d t o h i s m e m o r y . D y i n g w i t h o u t issue, t h e
h o n o u r s o f t h e f a m i l y c e a s e d o n h i s d e a t h . C o l o n e l F r a n c i s D i g b y , t h e s e c o n d s o n , w a s
k i l l e d in t h e g r e a t n a v a l e n g a g e m e n t w i t h t h e D u t c h , o n t h e t w e n t y - e i g h t h o f M a y ,
1 6 7 2 . H e d i e d l i k e w i s e w i t h o u t issue. L a d y D i a n a , t h e e l d e s t d a u g h t e r , w a s i n a r r i e d
t o t h e B a r o n o f M o l l , in F l a n d e r s ( y ) . T h i s w a s a n u n f o r t u n a t e m a t c h . T h e y o u n g ^ r a g " ' v o i
L a d y h a d b e e n b r o u g h t u p b y h e r m o t h e r i n t h e strictest p r i n c i p l e s o f t h e P r o t e s t a n t v m . P'. 2 5 3 ,
r e l i g i o n ; b u t h e r f a t h e r , h a v i n g s e n t f o r h e r i n t o t h e L o w C o u n t r i e s , w h e r e s h e w a s *54-siftheJiu
a d d r e s s e d b y t h e B a r o n , h a d s u c h a h i g h o p i n i o n o f t h e a d v a n t a g e s t h a t w o u l d a c c r u e
f r o m t h e a l l i a n c e , t h a t h e p e r s u a d e d h e r t o b e c o m e a c o n v e r t t o P o p e r y . A s f o r t h e
B a r o n o f M o l l , h e w a s a v e r y w e a k m a n , a n d , a t t h e f a m e t i m e , h a d n o t o n e t w e l f t h
p a r t o f t h e e s t a t e w h i c h t h e E a r l o f Bristol 's s a n g u i n e i m a g i n a t i o n h a d s u g g e s t e d ( z ) , suteC|'*p^n
L a d y A n n e , t h e E a r l ' s s e c o n d d a u g h t e r , w a s m a r r i e d t o R o b e r t E a r l o f S u n d e r l a n d , b y ^ " ' " i t S 1 * 4
p. Ixviii, lxix.
w h i c h c o n n e c t i o n s h e b e c a m e a n a n c e s t o r o f t h e p r e s e n t H o u s e o f M a r l b o r o u g h ( a ) .
(a) Collinsj
r e m e d y , since they h a v e i n d e e d m o s t violently seized, bi supra. u
[If] S o m e account of 'what he s a i d upon the subjecl
will be s e e n in the note."] a n d distempered the m i n d s o f the m a j o r part o f his
T o w a r d s the b e g i n n i n g o f his speech h e declared Majesty's Protestant subjects, w h i c h certainly n o
himself a C a t h o l i c k o f the C h u r c h of R o m e , n o t a roan conversant in the w o r l d c a n d e n y . N o w , m y
Catholick of the C o u r t o f R o m e ; a distinction h e Lords, in popular fears a n d apprehensions, those
t h o u g h t w o r t h y o f m e m o r y a n d reflection, w h e n usually prove m o s t d a n g e r o u s , that are raised u p o n
ever a n y severe proceedings against those they called g r o u n d s not well understood ; a n d m a y rightly b e
Papists lhould c o m e in question, since those of the resembled to the fatal effects o f panic sears in armies,
C o u r t of R o m e did only deserve the n a m e . T h e r e - w h e r e I h a v e seldom seen great disorders arise f r o m
sore h e insisted, that they should not speak here as intelligences b r o u g h t in b y parties a n d scouts, or b y
R o m a n Catholicks, b u t as faithful m e m b e r s o f a advertisements to Generals, but f r o m a l a r m s u p o n
Protestant Parliament. groundless a n d capricious fears o f danger, t a k e n
. C o m i n g t o t h e bill itself, h e p r o c e e d e d t h u s : u p w e k n o w not either h o w , or w h y . T h i s n o
* I n t h e first p l a c e , m y L o r d s , 1 b e s e e c h y o u t o c o n - m a n , of m o d e r a t e experience in military affairs,
* sider, that this bijl f o r s e c u r i n g o f g e n e r a l fears it b u t h a t h f o u n d the d a n g e r o u s effects o f o n e time or
b r o u g h t u p to y o u f r o m the H o u s e of C o m m o n s , o t h e r : in g i v i n g a stop to w h i c h mischiefs, t h e skill
the great representative o f the people, a n d c o n o f g r e a t c o m m a n d e r s is best seen. I n like m a n n e r ,
sequently the best j u d g e s o f the true t e m p e r o f the m y Lords, this great a n d judicious assembly o f the
nation : a H o u s e of C o m m o n s surpassing all that H o u s e o f C o m m o n s , rightly sensible o f the d a n g e r
ever h a v e been, in the illustrious m a r k s o f their duty, o u s effects w h i c h so general a disturbance of m e n ' s
loyalty a n d affection to their Sovereign, b o t h in his m i n d s in the c o n c e r n m e n t s o f religion ( h o w g r o u n d *
* person a n d governn.;nt : such a H o u s e o f C o m m o n s less soever) m i g h t produce, h a v e applied their care
* as his M a j e s t y o u g h t to consider, a n d cherish always, to o b v i a t e t h e m b y this bill ; a bill, in m y o p i n i o n , as
4 w i t h s u c h a k i n d l o v e as is d u e to a w i f e , n e v e r to full o f m o d e r a t i o n t o w a r d s C a t h o l i c k s , as o f p r u d e n c e
4 b e parted w i t h u n k i n d l y , a n d as a mistress to b e a n d security towards the religion o f the State. I n
* t u r n e d o f f w h e n o u r t u r n is s e r v e d b y h e r . M y this bill, m y L o r d s , n o t w i t h s t a n d i n g all t h e a l a r m s
4 Lords, this casual m e n t i o n o f a wife suggests to m y of the increase of P o p e r y a n d designs of Papists, here
* thoughts a p u r s u a n c e o f the comparison. I h a v e is n o m e n t i o n o f b a r r i n g t h e m f r o m a p r i v a t e a n d
4 o b s e r v e d in t h e c o u r s e o f m y life, that m e n , w h o m o d e s t exercise of their religion ; n o banishing t h e m
4 h a v e w i v e s s o m e w h a t c o q u e t , t h a t is, a little s u b - to such a distance f r o m C o u r t ; n o putting in e x e c u
4 jeet to gallantries, live easier lives with t h e m , a n d tion of penal laws in force against t h e m . All their
4 iieur l i o m t r o u b l e s o m e contentions, t h a n those w h o precautions are reduced to this o n e intent, natural to
4 h a v e wives o f exact rigid virtue ; a n d the reason is all societies o f m e n , o f h i n d e r i n g a* lesser, o p p o s i t e
4 clear : tor the m o r e g a m e s o m e ladies, b e i n g con- party f r o m g i o w i n g too strong for the greater a n d
4 scious of their failings in that eslential part, are , m o r e considerable o n e : a n d in this just w a y of pre
4 careful to disguise a n d repair t h e m b y k i n d a n d v e n t i o n , is n o t t h e m o d e r a t i o n o f t h e H o u s e o f
'4 t e n d e r c o m p l i a n c e ' ! w i t h their h u s b a n d ' s h u m o u r s in C o m m o n s to be a d m i r e d , that they h a v e restrained
4 all o t h e r t h i n g s ; w h e i e a s w i v e s severely p u n c t u a l it t o this sole p o i n t , o f d e b a r r i n g t h e i r a d v e r s a r i e s
4 a n d exact in the chief m a t r i m o n i a l duty, expect, f r o m offices a n d places, f r o m accession o f w e a l t h
4 a n d even exai't, far greater c o m p l i a n c e s f r o m their b y f a v o u r o f the sovereign ? A n d , after all, m y
4 h u s b a n d s ; a n d t h i n k t h e m s e l v e s a s it w e r e p r i - L o r d s , h o w s e w d o these s h a r p trails, a n d test o f this
4- v i l e g e d , b y t h e r i g i d n e s s o f t h e i r v i r t u e , t o b e s o m e - act regard ! O n l y a f e w such R o m a n Catholicks as
4 times t r o u b l e s o m e in d o m e s t i c affairs, especially if w o u l d fain hold offices a n d places at the price o f
4 there b e a n y jealousy in the case. In like m a n n e r , hypocrisy, a n d dissimulation o f their true sentiments
4 m y L o r d s , it is n o t t o b e m u c h w o n d e r e d ar, if this in religion. M y Lords, h o w e v e r the sentiments o f
4 i n c o m p a r a b l e M o u s e o f C o m m o n s , transcending all a C a t h o l i c k o f t h e C h u r c h o f R o m e (I still fay n o t o f
4 that ever w e r e in the g r a n d essentials of duty, loyalty, the C o u r t of R o m e ) m a y oblige m e , u p o n scruple
4 a n d affection to their K i n g , m o u l d , at s o m e times, o f conscience, in s o m e particulars o f this bill, to
4 b e a little t r o u b l e s o m e to h i m in lesser o c c u r r e n c e s ; g i v e m y n e g a t i v e t o it, w h e n it c o m e s t o p a s s i n g ;
4 especially w h e n o n c e fears a n d jealousies are o n the yet, as a m e m b e r of the Protestant Parliament, m y
4 w i n g . M y Lords, I lhall not pretend to d e t e r m i n e advice prudentially c a n n o t b u t g o a l o n g w i t h the
4 w h e t h e r there have b e e n a n y just g r o u n d s g i v e n b y m a i n s c o p e o f it, t h e p r e s e n t c i r c u m s t a n c e s o f t i m e
4 a n y violent m e n , or b y the u n r e a s o n a b l e a m b i t i o n a n d affairs- considered, a n d t h e necessity o f c o m p o s i n g (7) U ' * - B
' of a n y R o m a n Catholicks, for such fears a n d jea- the disturbed m i n d s o f the people (7).* Proceedings of
4 l o u s i e s : it suffices t o e x a c t t h e n e c e l f i t y o f a t i m e l y 4 * * " tlie H o u s e of
P _ , L o r d s , V o l . I.
V o l . V . p p L o r d P . 1 1 9 - 1 H .
 2 3 3 D I G B Y ( G e o r g e ) . D I G G E S ( L e o n a r d ) ' .

L o r d B r i s t o l r a n k s a m o n g o u r n o b l e a u t h o r s . T o this c h a r a c t e r h e is j u s t l y e n t i t l e d
f r o m h i s n u m e r o u s s p e e c h e s a n d letters, w h i c h a r e s c a t t e r e d t h r o u g h v a r i o u s c o l l e c t i o n s ,
a n d m a n y o f w h i c h w e r e s e p a r a t e l y p r i n t e d . H e w a s t h e a u t h o r , l i k e w i s e , o f s o m e o t h e r
p u b l i c a t i o n s . O f t h e letters w h i c h p a s s e d b e t w e e n h i m a n d S i r K e n e l m e D i g b y , o n t h e
s u b j e c t o f r e l i g i o n , a n a c c o u n t is g i v e n i n t h e n o t e [ D J o f t h e article c o n c e r n i n g t h a t
g e n t l e m a n . T h e E a r l t r a n s l a t e d f r o m t h e F r e n c h i n t o E n g l i s h t h e t h r e e first b o o k s o f
t h e f a m o u s r o m a n c e , " C a s s a n d r a ; " a n d h e w a s t h e w r i t e r o f a C o m e d y , c a l l e d " E l v i r a ,
" o r t h e w o r s t n o t a l w a y s t r u e , " w h i c h o c c a s i o n e d his b e i n g i n t r o d u c e d i n t o S i r J o h n
S u c k l i n g ' s S e s s i o n o f P o e t s . O f this p l a y w e a r e t o l d , t h a t t h e s c e n e lies in V a l e n c i a ;
t h a t t h e p l o t is v e r y i n t r i c a t e a n d b u s y ; a n d t h a t f r o m s o m e p a r t o f it M r s . C e n t l i v r e
s e e m s t o h a v e b o r r o w e d " T h e W o n d e r ; o r , A W o m a n k e e p s a S e c r e t . " A n o t h e r
p u b l i c a t i o n , a s c r i b e d t o t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l , b u t n o t c e r t a i n l y k n o w n t o b e w r i t t e n b y
h i m , w a s , " A T r u e a n d I m p a r t i a l R e l a t i o n o f t h e B a t t l e b e t w e e n h i s M a j e s t y ' s A r m y
" a n d t h a t o f t h e R e b e l s , - n e a r A y l e f b u r y , B u c k s , S e p t e m b e r t h e t w e n t i e t h , 1 6 4 3 . "
T h e f o l l o w i n g p i e c e , t h o u g h p r o b a b l y n o t o f h i s w r i t i n g , w a s p u b l i s h e d u n d e r h i s n a m e ,
in 1 6 5 5 ; " L o r d D i g b y ' s A r c a n a A u l i c a ; o r , W a l s i n g h a m ' s M a n u a l o f P r u d e n t i a l
Q " M a x i m s f o r t h e S t a t e s m a n a n d t h e C o u r t i e r . " H i s L o r d s h i p left i n m a n u s c r i p t ,
vl1.11. 'co*?"' " E x c e r p t a e d i v e r f i s O p e r i b u s P a t r u m L a t i n o r u m ( b ) . "
w a i n ' s ^ n t^ie c n a r a < - * e r f * n e E a r * o f B r i s t o l it is n o t n e c e s s a r y f a r t h e r t o e n l a r g e , s i n c e t h e
NobieAoSthors, w h o l e article c o n t a i n s a d i s p l a y o f t h e e x t r a o r d i n a r y t u r n o f h i s m i n d . O n e t h i n g , h o w -
i t b! PDl-am" e v e r * 'c 's P r o P e r t 0 o b s e r v e , w h i c h is, t h a t , a m i d s t h i s n u m e r o u s faults, h e w a s d i s t i n -
voi. lt^p.'ioz. g u i s h e d b y a s o f t n e s s a n d t e n d e r n e s s o f d i s p o s i t i o n t h a t r e s t r a i n e d h i m f r o m u n k i n d a n d
i l l - n a t u r e d actions. W h e n h e h a d b e e n t r e a t e d w i t h t h e gr eate st' h a r s h n e s s , a n d h a d e x
p e r i e n c e d t h e h i g h e s t d e g r e e s o f hostility, h e w a s a l w a y s r e a d i l y i n c l i n e d t o f o r g i v e n e s s
M C h r e n J o n an (] r e c o n c i l i a t i o n (V).'
V o i ' m l T u p p L U p o n t h e w h o l e , t h e E a r l o f B r i s t o l h a t h a f f o r d e d a s t r i k i n g p r o o f , t h a t t h e b r i g h t e s t
p. lxxiiu g e n i u s , t h e m o s t s p l e n d i d talents, t h e m o s t e x t e n s i v e k n o w l e d g e , a n d t h e r i c h e s t e l o
q u e n c e , a r e o f little a d v a n t a g e t o t h e p o s s e s s o r , a n d o f little b e n e f i t t o t h e w o r l d , u n l e s s
t h e y b e a c c o m p a n i e d w i t h s t e a d i n e s s o f p r i n c i p l e , a n d s t e a d i n e s s o f c o n d u c t . ]
K .

D I G G E S ( L e o n a r d ) E s q . a c o n s i d e r a b l e M a t h e m a t i c i a n in t h e X V I t h c e n
t u r y , w a s t h e s e c o n d s o n o f J a m e s D i g g e s , o f D i g g e s - C o u r t in t h e p a r i s h o f B e r h a m in
K e n t , E s q . [ i f ] b y P h i l i p p a h i s s e c o n d w i f e , d a u g h t e r o f J o h n E n g h a m , o f C h a r t h a m (J) Wood's A -
(a) F o r all m a n then. edit. 1 7 2 r.
ner of buildings, i n t h e s a m e c o u n t y . H e w a s b o r n a t D i g g e s - C o u r t , a n d e d u c a t e d f o r s o m e t i m e in U n i Vol. I. C0L180,
for conveniency, v e r s i t y - C o l l e g e in O x f o r d , w h e r e h e l a i d a v e r y g o o d f o u n d a t i o n o f l e a r n i n g . R e t i r i n g 181.
pleasure, state, ( 0 W o o d , ibid,
strengths and f r o m t h e n c e w i t h o u t a d e g r e e , h e p r o s e c u t e d h i s s t u d i e s , a n d b e c a m e a n e x c e l l e n t M a t h e calls her by m i s
excellent at for m a t i c i a n , a- s k i l f u l A r c h i t e c t (a), a n d a m o s t e x p e r t S u r v e y o r o f l a n d . H e c o m p o s e d take Svnb. See
tifications. F u l note [8]
ler's W o r t h i e s of s e v e r a l b o o k s [ 5 ] , a n d d i e d a b o u t t h e y e a r 1 5 7 4 ( ) . B y h i s w i f e B r i d g e t , d a u g h t e r o f of the article
England, in T h o m a s W i l f o r d , E s q . ( c ) a n d sister t o J a m e s a n d T h o m a s W i l f o r d , t w o b r a v e K n i g h t s , D I G G E S
Kent, p. 82. (Thomas).
o f H a r t r i d g e , in t h e p a r i s h o f C r a n b r o o k i n K e n t , h e h a d a s o n , o f w h o m w e shall g i v e
s o m e a c c o u n t in t h e n e x t ar ticle.

\_A~\ W a s the second fin of J a m e s D i g g e s o f D i g g e s -
Court in the parijb of B e r h a m in Kent, Esq.] T h a t
family w a s ancient a n d considerable, in the c o u n t y o f
K e n t . O n e o f t h e m , in t h e r e i g n o f K i n g R i c h a r d I.
h a d the a l d e r m a n r y o f N e w i n g a t e in C a n t e r b u r y ,
w h i c h w a s t h e n a n hereditary office. J o h n D i g g e s ,
A l d e r m a n o f try; fame' city, in 1 2 5 8 , w a s a g r e a t
benefactor to the Franciscans, then n e w l y settled at
C a n t e r b u r y ; a n d b o u g h t for t h e m a n island in that
city called B i n n e w i g h t . A d o m a r u s Digges, o f D i g g e s -
C o u r t , w a s a J u d g e in K i n g E d w a r d lid's reign, a u d
h a d m u c h land about R a i n h a m a n d N e w i n g t o n , w h e r e
a m a r s h still b e a r s h i s n a m e , b e i n g c a l l e d D i g g e s ' s
M a r s h . R o g e r D i g g e s w a s o n e of the representatives
in Parliament for the city of Canterbury, in the 29th,
3 1st, a n d 3 4 t h y e a r s o f t h e r e i g n o f K i n g E d w a r d III.
J o h n D i g g e s , o f D i g g e s Court, w a s Sheriff o f K e n t
in the 2 d year o f K i n g H e n r y I V . a n d his g r a n d s o n
J o h n , in the 4th year o f K i n g E d w a r d I V . a n d his
f i n o f the f a m e n a m e in the n t h year of K i n g H e n r y
VII. a n d his son J a m e s bore the f a m e office in the
2 d y e a r o f K i n g .H e n r y V I I I . H i s eldest son,
T h o m a s , sold D i g g e s - C o u r t to C a p t . T h o m a s H a l s e y of
L o n d o n (1). It w a s the chief feat o f the D i g g e s (1) ViVtrt C m -
family for a b o v e t w o h u n d r e d years (2). titnum, ice. b v
[2?] H e composeds e v e r a l hooks.] N a m e l y , I. " T e c - T. Philipot,E<q.
** t o n i c u m : Briefly s h e w i n g t h e e x a c t m e a s u r i n g , a n d edit. 1664, foL
" s p e e d y r e c k o n i n g o f all m a n n e r o f L a n d s , S q u a r e s , p. 60. and the
Hist, of Kent,
" T i m b e r , Stones, Steeples,' tsfc L o n d . 1556, 4/0. byJ.HarriSjD.D.
A u g m e n t e d , a n d published again, b y his son T h o m a s sol. 1 7 1 9 . p. 3 5 ,
Digges. L o n d . 1592, 4/0. a n d reprinted there in 1 1%, 417. 4J
1 6 4 7 , U " A G e o m e t r i c a l practical treatise, 4 3 W 4 4 7 -
* n a m e d P a n t o m e t r t a , i n t h r e e b o o k s . " T h i s h e left (1) Ibid. p. 370.
in manuscript: but, after his death, his son supplied
s u c h p a r t s o f it as w e r e o b s c u r e a n d i m p e r f e c t , a n d
p u b l i s h e d it at L o n d o n in 1 5 9 1 , sol. j o i n i n g t h e r e t o ,
" A Discourse G e o m e t r i c a l o f the five regular a n d
11 P l a t o n i c a l B o d i e s , c o n t a i n i n g s u n d r y t h e o r e t i c a l a n d
'' p r a c t i c a l p r o p o s i t i o n s a r i s i n g b y m u t u a l c o n f e r e n c e
" o f these Solids, Inscription, Circumscription, a n d
** T r a n s f o r m a t i o n . " III. * P r o g n o s t i c a t i o n everlasting
" o f right g o o d Effect ; or, C h o i c e R u l e s to j u d g e the
" W e a t h e r b y the S u n , M o o n , a n d Stars, sV." L o n d .
" l 5 S S > 1556, a n d 1 5 6 4 , 4/0, corrected, a n d a u g
m e n t e d b y his son, w i t h divers general tables, a n d (3) W o o d , nbi
m a n y c o m p e n d i o u s rules. L o n d . 1 5 9 2 , 4/0 (3). M supra, coL 180,
i8i.

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