& < 8 a | ee Kinser iCONTENTS FAMOUS HULLS AND STEERING AND HYDROFOILS ON THE BRIDGE SAFETY AT SEA KINGFISHER BOOKS FLOATING FIRSTS DISPLACEMENT RUDDERS 2 28 37 Grisewood & Dempsey Inc. 4 8 14 95 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10016 HOVERCRAFT SEEING WITH SOUND PORTS AND INTRODUCTION CATCHING PROPELLERS 24 30 HARBORS First American edition 1993 5 THE WIND 16 ee 38 2468109753 nena 10 ee THE ENGINE SUBMARINES 7 FLOATING AND a JET SKIS - WATER ROOM 32 INDEX Copyright © Grisewood & Dempsey Ltd. 1993 SINKING USING THE POWER 7 40 All rights reserved under International 6 WIND us —__—_ EXPLORING THE DEEP and Pan-American Copyright Conventions TT 12 SS 34 BUILT FOR SPEED E Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 20 Graham, Ian, 1953- Boats, ships, submarines, and other floating machines / lan Graham. — 1st American ed. p. cm.— (How things work) Includes index. Summary: Text, illustrations, and diagrams examine different kinds of boats and how they work. Includes simple experiments and activities. 1. Ships—Juvenile literature. 2, Boats and boating —Juvenile literature. [1. Ships. 2. Boats and boating.] I. Title. Il. Series: How things work (New York, N.Y.) VM150.G69 1993 623.8°2—dc20 92-33588 CIP AC ISBN 1-85697-868-0 (lib. bdg.) ISBN 1-85697-867-2 (pbk.) Printed in Hong Kong Series editor: Jackie Gaff Series designer: David West Children’s Books Author: Ian Graham Cover illustration: Micheal Fisher (Garden Studio) Ilustrators: Peter Bull pp. 14-15; Chris Forsey pp. 6-9, 18-19, 22-3; Mike Saunders pp. 30-1; Simon Tegg pp. 24-7, 32-3, 36-7; Ian Thompson pp. 2-5, 10-11; Ross Watton (Garden Studio) pp. 12-13, 16-17, 20-1, 28-9, 34-5, 38-9. Research: A.R. Blann The publishers would like to thank: David Jefferiss Camper and Nicholsons (Yachts) Ltd; Chas Newens Marine Co, Ltd; Dover Port Authority; Fletcher International Sportsboats; GEC Plessey; Hoverspeed; Kawasaki Jet Ski Europe; MOD (Royal Navy); P8&O European Ferries; Quicksilver Marine Parts; Racal Marine Electronics; Vickers Shipbuilding & Engineering Ltd; Virgin Group Ltd; Vosper Thornycroft (UK) Ltd; Watercraft World Ltd; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.FAMOus FLOATING Firsts V Our earliest records of V In 1897, Englishman ships date back to about Charles A. Parsons’ 3500 8. and come from Turbinia became the first Egyptian paintings and ship to be powered bya A In the 1940s, sail- documents. Ships had steam turbine. boarding was invented square sails and were in Flor steered by oars. +i & In the 1770s, the English explorer Captain. James Cook wrote about people surfing in Hawaii. A In 1955, the first V In 1900, in the US., _nuclear-powered vessel, Irishman John P, Holland the U.S. submarine built the first modern Nautilus, put to sea. V Inthe Ist century AD, submarine, , the rudder was invented in —, China. It had reached the West by the 1200s. A In 1959, the first hover- craft flight was made, by the SR.N1 in England. The machine was patented by Christopher Cockerell of the UK. A. In 1776, the first attack was made by a military submarine, the U.S.S. V Byabout av. 100, Turtle. Arab sailors had invented a triangular sail (later known as a lateen sail), which allowed ships to sail into the wind, In 1802, the world’s in 1906, Enrico the jet ski first reliable steamship, Forlanini of Italy tested was designed by American the Charlotte Dundas, the first successful Clayton Jacobson. The went into service hydrofoil first machines were put in Scotland. << on sale in 1973. V Inthe 1490s, Christo- pher Columbus's sailors learned how to sleep in hammocks, after seeing V In 1922, water skis hanging beds called ham- A In 1836-37, screw were invented by Ralph acas in the West Indies. propellers were patented Samuelson. by John Ericsson in the USS. and Francis Pettit ‘Smith in the U.K.