Inglês para o ENEM

Teacher Amanda Damasceno

O que veremos hoje?
Técnicas de leitura com exemplos
Skimming
Scanning
Context Clues
Afixos
Questões comentadas
Dicas gerais
Técnica de Leitura - Skimming

Fazemos skimming quando precisamos identificar a ideia central de um texto.

O skimming é muito útil quando temos muito material para ler em pouco
tempo.

Como fazer skimming?

 Lendo o primeiro e o último parágrafo OU
 Lendo o primeiro e o último período de cada parágrafo
 Focando em informações pontuais (datas, nomes, locais)
 Identificando as palavras transparentes, as que você já conhece e
relacionando-as ao seu conhecimento prévio
Técnica de Leitura - Skimming

Every second, one hectare of the world's  Qual é a ideia central do texto?
rainforest is destroyed. That's equivalent to two
football fields. An area the size of New York City
is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31
million hectares -- more than the land area of a) Os cientistas estão preocupados com
Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has
serious consequences for the environment; a cidade de Nova Iorque.
scientists estimate, for example, that 137
species of plant, insect or animal become b) O desmatamento está destruindo as
extinct every day due to logging. In British
Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest florestas.
valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of
salmon have already become extinct, and the
habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other c) O governo lucra com o desmatamento.
creatures are threatened. Logging, however,
provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government d) O salmão é uma espécie ameaçada.
and cheap products of all kinds for consumers,
so the government is reluctant to restrict or
control it.
Técnica de Leitura - Skimming

Every second, one hectare of the world's  Qual é a ideia central do texto?
rainforest is destroyed. That's equivalent to two
football fields. An area the size of New York City
is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31
million hectares -- more than the land area of a) Os cientistas estão preocupados com
Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has
serious consequences for the environment; a cidade de Nova Iorque.
scientists estimate, for example, that 137
species of plant, insect or animal become b) O desmatamento está destruindo as
extinct every day due to logging. In British
Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest florestas.
valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of
salmon have already become extinct, and the
habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other c) O governo lucra com o desmatamento.
creatures are threatened. Logging, however,
provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government d) O salmão é uma espécie ameaçada.
and cheap products of all kinds for consumers,
so the government is reluctant to restrict or
control it.
Técnica de Leitura - Scanning

Fazemos scanning quando precisamos identificar informações

específicas um texto.
Como fazer scanning?
 Observe como o autor organiza a informação no texto
 Preste atenção em títulos, chamadas, palavras destacadas,
informações em negrito, etc
 Leia legendas e informações presentes na margem dos textos
Técnica de Leitura - Scanning

Every second, one hectare of the world's

rainforest is destroyed. That's equivalent to two  Sobre o salmão, é correto afirmar que:
football fields. An area the size of New York City
is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 a) Muitas espécies de salmão já foram extintas
million hectares -- more than the land area of
Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has na província de BC, no Canadá;
serious consequences for the environment;
scientists estimate, for example, that 137 b) A pesca do salmão traz lucro para o
species of plant, insect or animal become
extinct every day due to logging. In British governo canadense;
Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest
valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of
salmon have already become extinct, and the c) Produtos feitos à base de salmão são
habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other
creatures are threatened. Logging, however, baratos de produzir;
provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government
and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, d) O desequilíbrio ecológico pode causar
so the government is reluctant to restrict or
control it. proliferação de salmões no ecossistema.
Técnica de Leitura - Scanning

Every second, one hectare of the world's

rainforest is destroyed. That's equivalent to two  Sobre o salmão, é correto afirmar que:
football fields. An area the size of New York City
is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 a) Muitas espécies de salmão já foram extintas
million hectares -- more than the land area of
Poland. This alarming rate of destruction has na província de BC, no Canadá;
serious consequences for the environment;
scientists estimate, for example, that 137 b) A pesca do salmão traz lucro para o
species of plant, insect or animal become
extinct every day due to logging. In British governo canadense;
Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest
valleys have been clearcut, 142 species of
salmon have already become extinct, and the c) Produtos feitos à base de salmão são
habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other
creatures are threatened. Logging, however, baratos de produzir;
provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government
and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, d) O desequilíbrio ecológico pode causar
so the government is reluctant to restrict or
control it. proliferação de salmões no ecossistema.
Técnica de Leitura – Context Clues
Utilizamos as context clues
quando precisamos identificar
palavras desconhecidas. As
context clues (referências de
contexto) nos ajudam a
identificar palavras-chaves,
essenciais para a compreensão
do texto.
Como utilizar as context clues para inferir o
significado das palavras?
 Definição:
 Entomology is the study of insects.
 Sinônimo:
 Lucinda escaped from Cuba in a
makeshift, temporary boat.
 Antônimo:
 He was ungrateful instead of showing
appreciation for his birthday present.
Técnica de Leitura – Context Clues

Fifty-five mostly prominent, male

delegates attended the O que significa a palavra prominent?
Philadelphia Convention in 1787. a) Insignificante
About seventy-five percent b) Desconhecido
of the delegates had served in c) Comum
Congress and others were d) Importante
important people in their home
states. These men are often
referred to as the Framers of the
Constitution.
Técnica de Leitura – Context Clues

Fifty-five mostly prominent, male

delegates attended the O que significa a palavra prominent?
Philadelphia Convention in 1787. a) Insignificante
About seventy-five percent b) Desconhecido
of the delegates had served in c) Comum
Congress and others were d) Importante
important people in their home
states. These men are often
referred to as the Framers of the
Constitution.
Técnica de Leitura - Afixos

Os afixos são unidades morfológicas que podem vir no começo ou no fim de uma palavra.
Eles servem para transformar palavras em antônimos, mudar sua classe gramatical, etc.
Muitas vezes palavras que parecem complicadas tornam-se simples de compreender, uma
vez identificados os afixos!

DISAPPERANCE = DIS + APPEAR + ANCE

(aparecer)
Técnica de Leitura - Afixos
Os prefixos mais usados da língua inglesa
são: UN-, IN-, IM-, IL-, DIS-, IR-.
Exemplos:
 Uncomfortable / desconfortável
(Comfortable)
 Incapable / incapaz (Capable)
 Impossible /impossível (Possible)
 Illegal / ilegal (Legal)
 Disagree / discordar (Agree)
 Irrelevant / irrelevante (Relevant)
Sufixos comuns:
 ness – transforma adjetivo em substantivo.
Sick – sickness (doente – doença)
 ful – indica quantidade (cheio de)
Skill – skillful ( habilidade – habilidoso)
 less – oposto de –ful, indica falta
Shame – shameless (vergonha – sem
vergonha)
 able/ible –transforma verbos em adjetivos.
Accept – acceptable (aceitar – aceitável)
Access – accessible (acessar – acessível)
 ly – transforma palavras em advérbios
Perfect – perfectly (perfeito – perfeitamente)
Técnica de Leitura - Afixos

The Navajo language is an unwritten

language of extreme complexity with no
alphabet or symbols, and is spoken only on
the lands of the Navajo Nation in the
O que significa
American Southwest. During World War II a
Navajo code was created for the U.S. Navy.
undecipherable?
This code was virtually undecipherable to
anyone except Navajo speaking persons. UN + DECIPHER + ABLE
Questões
Comentadas
A autora desse comentário sobre o
filme Frida mostra-se impressionada
com o fato de a pintora
a) ter uma aparência exótica.
b) vender bem a sua imagem.
c) ter grande poder de sedução.
d) assumir sua beleza singular.
e) recriar-se por meio da pintura.
One of the things that made an incredible impression
on me in the film was Frida’s comfort in and
celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn’t try
to fit into conventional ideas or images about
womanhood or what makes someone or something
beautiful. Instead, she fully inhabited her own unique
gifts, not particularly caring what other people
thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own
right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial
success or to be discovered, but to express her own
inner pain, joy, family, love and culture. She absolutely
and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her
own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her
own truth was what made her successful in the end.
Questões
Comentadas
A autora desse comentário sobre o
filme Frida mostra-se impressionada
com o fato de a pintora
a) ter uma aparência exótica.
b) vender bem a sua imagem.
c) ter grande poder de sedução.
d) assumir sua beleza singular.
e) recriar-se por meio da pintura.
One of the things that made an incredible impression
on me in the film was Frida’s comfort in and
celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn’t try
to fit into conventional ideas or images about
womanhood or what makes someone or something
beautiful. Instead, she fully inhabited her own unique
gifts, not particularly caring what other people
thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own
right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial
success or to be discovered, but to express her own
inner pain, joy, family, love and culture. She absolutely
and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her
own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her
own truth was what made her successful in the end.
Questões
Comentadas
A autora desse comentário sobre o
filme Frida mostra-se impressionada
com o fato de a pintora
a) ter uma aparência exótica.
b) vender bem a sua imagem.
c) ter grande poder de sedução.
d) assumir sua beleza singular.
e) recriar-se por meio da pintura.
One of the things that made an incredible impression
on me in the film was Frida’s comfort in and
celebration of her own unique beauty. She didn’t try
to fit into conventional ideas or images about
womanhood or what makes someone or something
beautiful. Instead, she fully inhabited her own unique
gifts, not particularly caring what other people
thought. She was magnetic and beautiful in her own
right. She painted for years, not to be a commercial
success or to be discovered, but to express her own
inner pain, joy, family, love and culture. She absolutely
and resolutely was who she was. The trueness of her
own unique vision and her ability to stand firmly in her
own truth was what made her successful in the end.
 Questões
Comentadas
Segundo informações veiculadas pela NBC
News, a geração digital já tem seu espaço
conquistado nas agências britânicas de
inteligência. O governo britânico decidiu que
a) enfrentará a guerra vigente e deliberada
contra a propriedade intelectual no Reino
Unido.
b) abandonará a política de contratação de
universitários como agentes secretos.
c) recrutará jovens jogadores de Xbox como
ciberespiões das agências de inteligência.
d) implantará um esquema de capacitação
de adolescentes para atuarem como
agentes secretos.
e) anunciará os nomes dos jovens a serem
contratados pelas agências de inteligência.
British Government to Recruit Teens as Next Generation of Spies
In the 50 years since the first James Bond movie created a lasting
impression of a British secret agent, a completely different
character is about to emerge. Britain’s intelligence agencies are
to recruit their next generation of cyber spies by harnessing the
talents of the “Xbox generation”.
In an expansion of a pilot program, Foreign Secretary William
Hague announced Thursday that up to 100 18-year-olds will be
given the chance to train for a career in Britain’s secret services.
The move to recruit school-leavers marks a break with the past,
when agencies mainly drew their staff from among university
graduates.
“Young people are the key to our country’s future success, just as
they were during the War”, Hague said. “Today we are not at
war, but I see evidence every day of deliberate, organized
attacks against intellectual property and government networks in
the United Kingdom.”
The new recruitment program, called the Single Intelligence
Account apprenticeship scheme will enable students with
suitable qualifications in science, technology or engineering, to
spend two years learning about communications, security and
engineering through formal education, technical training and
work placements.
 Questões
Comentadas
Segundo informações veiculadas pela NBC
News, a geração digital já tem seu espaço
conquistado nas agências britânicas de
inteligência. O governo britânico decidiu que
a) enfrentará a guerra vigente e deliberada
contra a propriedade intelectual no Reino
Unido.
b) abandonará a política de contratação de
universitários como agentes secretos.
c) recrutará jovens jogadores de Xbox como
ciberespiões das agências de inteligência.
d) implantará um esquema de capacitação
de adolescentes para atuarem como
agentes secretos.
e) anunciará os nomes dos jovens a serem
contratados pelas agências de inteligência.
British Government to Recruit Teens as Next Generation of Spies
In the 50 years since the first James Bond movie created a lasting
impression of a British secret agent, a completely different
character is about to emerge. Britain’s intelligence agencies are
to recruit their next generation of cyber spies by harnessing the
talents of the “Xbox generation”.
In an expansion of a pilot program, Foreign Secretary William
Hague announced Thursday that up to 100 18-year-olds will be
given the chance to train for a career in Britain’s secret services.
The move to recruit school-leavers marks a break with the past,
when agencies mainly drew their staff from among university
graduates.
“Young people are the key to our country’s future success, just as
they were during the War”, Hague said. “Today we are not at
war, but I see evidence every day of deliberate, organized
attacks against intellectual property and government networks in
the United Kingdom.”
The new recruitment program, called the Single Intelligence
Account apprenticeship scheme will enable students with
suitable qualifications in science, technology or engineering, to
spend two years learning about communications, security and
engineering through formal education, technical training and
work placements.
 Questões
Comentadas
Segundo informações veiculadas pela NBC
News, a geração digital já tem seu espaço
conquistado nas agências britânicas de
inteligência. O governo britânico decidiu que
a) enfrentará a guerra vigente e deliberada
contra a propriedade intelectual no Reino
Unido.
b) abandonará a política de contratação de
universitários como agentes secretos.
c) recrutará jovens jogadores de Xbox como
ciberespiões das agências de inteligência.
d) implantará um esquema de capacitação
de adolescentes para atuarem como
agentes secretos.
e) anunciará os nomes dos jovens a serem
contratados pelas agências de inteligência.
British Government to Recruit Teens as Next Generation of Spies
In the 50 years since the first James Bond movie created a lasting
impression of a British secret agent, a completely different
character is about to emerge. Britain’s intelligence agencies are
to recruit their next generation of cyber spies by harnessing the
talents of the “Xbox generation”.
In an expansion of a pilot program, Foreign Secretary William
Hague announced Thursday that up to 100 18-year-olds will be
given the chance to train for a career in Britain’s secret services.
The move to recruit school-leavers marks a break with the past,
when agencies mainly drew their staff from among university
graduates.
“Young people are the key to our country’s future success, just as
they were during the War”, Hague said. “Today we are not at
war, but I see evidence every day of deliberate, organized
attacks against intellectual property and government networks in
the United Kingdom.”
The new recruitment program, called the Single Intelligence
Account apprenticeship scheme will enable students with
suitable qualifications in science, technology or engineering, to
spend two years learning about communications, security and
engineering through formal education, technical training and
work placements.
 Questões
Comentadas
No cartum, a crítica está no fato de
a sociedade exigir do adolescente
que
a)se aposente
prematuramente.
b)amadureça precocemente.
c)estude aplicadamente.
d)se forme rapidamente.
e)ouça atentamente.
 Questões
Comentadas
No cartum, a crítica está no fato de
a sociedade exigir do adolescente
que
a)se aposente
prematuramente.
b)amadureça precocemente.
c)estude aplicadamente.
d)se forme rapidamente.
e)ouça atentamente.
 Questões
Comentadas Don’t write in English, they said,
English is not your mother tongue…
A poetisa Kamala Das, como muitos
…The language I speak
escritores indianos, escreve suas obras Becomes mine, its distortions, its queerness
em inglês, apesar de essa não ser sua All mine, mine alone, it is half English, half
primeira língua. Nesses versos, ela Indian, funny perhaps, but it is honest,
a)usa a língua inglesa com efeito It is as human as I am human…
humorístico. …It voices my joys, my longings my
b)recorre a vozes de vários Hopes…
escritores ingleses.
c) adverte sobre o uso distorcido da (Kamala Das, 1965:10)
língua inglesa.
d)demonstra consciência de sua
identidade linguística.
e) reconhece a incompreensão na
sua maneira de falar inglês.
 Questões
Comentadas Don’t write in English, they said,
English is not your mother tongue…
A poetisa Kamala Das, como muitos
…The language I speak
escritores indianos, escreve suas obras Becomes mine, its distortions, its queerness
em inglês, apesar de essa não ser sua All mine, mine alone, it is half English, half
primeira língua. Nesses versos, ela Indian, funny perhaps, but it is honest,
a)usa a língua inglesa com efeito It is as human as I am human…
humorístico. …It voices my joys, my longings my
b)recorre a vozes de vários Hopes…
escritores ingleses.
c) adverte sobre o uso distorcido da (Kamala Das, 1965:10)
língua inglesa.
d)demonstra consciência de sua
identidade linguística.
e) reconhece a incompreensão na
sua maneira de falar inglês.
 Questões
Comentadas Don’t write in English, they said,
English is not your mother tongue…
A poetisa Kamala Das, como muitos
…The language I speak
escritores indianos, escreve suas obras Becomes mine, its distortions, its queerness
em inglês, apesar de essa não ser sua All mine, mine alone, it is half English, half
primeira língua. Nesses versos, ela Indian, funny perhaps, but it is honest,
a)usa a língua inglesa com efeito It is as human as I am human…
humorístico. …It voices my joys, my longings my
b)recorre a vozes de vários Hopes…
escritores ingleses.
c) adverte sobre o uso distorcido da (Kamala Das, 1965:10)
língua inglesa.
d)demonstra consciência de sua
identidade linguística.
e) reconhece a incompreensão na
sua maneira de falar inglês.

Questões
Comentadas
Com o impacto das tecnologias e a
ampliação das redes sociais, consumidores
encontram na internet possibilidades de
opinar sobre serviços oferecidos. Nesse
sentido, o segundo texto, que é um
comentário sobre o site divulgado no primeiro,
apresenta a intenção do autor de
a) elogiar o trabalho proposto para a
educação nessa era tecnológica.
b) reforçar como a mídia pode contribuir para
revolucionar a educação.
c) chamar a atenção das pessoas influentes
para o significado da educação.
d) destacar que o site tem melhores resultados
do que a educação tradicional.
e) criticar a concepção de educação em
que se baseia a organização.
TEXTO I
A Free World-class Education for Anyone Anywhere
The Khan Academy is an organization on a mission. We’re
a not-for-profit with the goal of changing education for
the better by providing a free world-class education to
anyone anywhere. All of the site’s resources are available
to anyone. The Khan Academy’s materials and resources
are available to you completely free of charge.
TEXTO II
I didn’t have a problem with Khan Academy site until very
recently. For me, the problem is the way Khan Academy
is being promoted. The way the media sees it as
“revolutionizing education”. The way people with power
and money view education as simply “sit-and-get”. If your
philosophy of education is “sit-and-get”, i.e., teaching is
telling and learning is listening, then Khan Academy is
way more efficient than classroom lecturing. Khan
Academy does it better. But TRUE progressive educators,
TRUE education visionaries and revolutionaries don’t want
to do these things better. We want to DO BETTER THINGS.

Questões
Comentadas
Com o impacto das tecnologias e a
ampliação das redes sociais, consumidores
encontram na internet possibilidades de
opinar sobre serviços oferecidos. Nesse
sentido, o segundo texto, que é um
comentário sobre o site divulgado no primeiro,
apresenta a intenção do autor de
a) elogiar o trabalho proposto para a
educação nessa era tecnológica.
b) reforçar como a mídia pode contribuir para
revolucionar a educação.
c) chamar a atenção das pessoas influentes
para o significado da educação.
d) destacar que o site tem melhores resultados
do que a educação tradicional.
e) criticar a concepção de educação em
que se baseia a organização.
TEXTO I
A Free World-class Education for Anyone Anywhere
The Khan Academy is an organization on a mission. We’re
a not-for-profit with the goal of changing education for
the better by providing a free world-class education to
anyone anywhere. All of the site’s resources are available
to anyone. The Khan Academy’s materials and resources
are available to you completely free of charge.
TEXTO II
I didn’t have a problem with Khan Academy site until very
recently. For me, the problem is the way Khan Academy
is being promoted. The way the media sees it as
“revolutionizing education”. The way people with power
and money view education as simply “sit-and-get”. If your
philosophy of education is “sit-and-get”, i.e., teaching is
telling and learning is listening, then Khan Academy is
way more efficient than classroom lecturing. Khan
Academy does it better. But TRUE progressive educators,
TRUE education visionaries and revolutionaries don’t want
to do these things better. We want to DO BETTER THINGS.

Questões
Comentadas
Com o impacto das tecnologias e a
ampliação das redes sociais, consumidores
encontram na internet possibilidades de
opinar sobre serviços oferecidos. Nesse
sentido, o segundo texto, que é um
comentário sobre o site divulgado no primeiro,
apresenta a intenção do autor de
a) elogiar o trabalho proposto para a
educação nessa era tecnológica.
b) reforçar como a mídia pode contribuir para
revolucionar a educação.
c) chamar a atenção das pessoas influentes
para o significado da educação.
d) destacar que o site tem melhores resultados
do que a educação tradicional.
e) criticar a concepção de educação em
que se baseia a organização.
TEXTO I
A Free World-class Education for Anyone Anywhere
The Khan Academy is an organization on a mission. We’re
a not-for-profit with the goal of changing education for
the better by providing a free world-class education to
anyone anywhere. All of the site’s resources are available
to anyone. The Khan Academy’s materials and resources
are available to you completely free of charge.
TEXTO II
I didn’t have a problem with Khan Academy site until very
recently. For me, the problem is the way Khan Academy
is being promoted. The way the media sees it as
“revolutionizing education”. The way people with power
and money view education as simply “sit-and-get”. If your
philosophy of education is “sit-and-get”, i.e., teaching is
telling and learning is listening, then Khan Academy is
way more efficient than classroom lecturing. Khan
Academy does it better. But TRUE progressive educators,
TRUE education visionaries and revolutionaries don’t want
to do these things better. We want to DO BETTER THINGS.
  Quebre o hábito de ler palavra por
palavra. O tempo é curto!

 Use seu prévio conhecimento sobre o

assunto do texto. Você sabe mais do que
imagina!

Dicas Gerais  Treine as técnicas de leitura. Elas valem

para o português também!

 Preste atenção ao contexto em que o

texto está colocado.
 Leia com atenção o enunciado de cada
questão antes mesmo de ler o texto.
 amandacdt
Thank you and
good luck! profadamasceno@gmail.com