3.

Sea la matriz:

2 4 2
A = (4 3 3 )
4 1 2
Halle:

a) El determinante

b) La matriz inversa

c) La matriz adjunta

a) El determinante

Respuesta:

Halle la determinante

2 4 2 2 4
A = (4 3 3 ) 4 3
4 1 2 4 1

lAl = [2𝑥3𝑥2 + 4𝑥3𝑥4 + 2𝑥4𝑥1] − [4𝑥3𝑥2 + 1𝑥3𝑥2 + 2𝑥4𝑥4]

lAl = [12 + 48 + 8] − [24 + 6 + 32]

lAl= [68] − [62]

lAl = 6

La determinante de matriz es (6).

b) La matriz inversa

Método Gauss-Jordan

Matriz 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑧 𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑧 𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎 𝑒𝑠 ∶

 1
−1 1
2 4 2 1 0 0 2
2 2 1
[𝐴]−1 = [4 3 3] [0 1 0] = [𝐴]−1 = −3
3 3
4 1 2 0 0 1 4 7 5
[− 3 3
− 3]

2 4 2 1 0 0
[𝐴]−1 = [4 3 3] [0 1 0] 𝑓1 ÷ 2 → 𝑓1
4 1 2 0 0 1

1
2÷2=1 , 4÷2= 2 , 2÷2= 1 , 1÷2=2 ,

0÷2=0 , 0÷2= 0
1
1 2 1 0 0
2
[𝐴]−1 = [4 3 3] [0 1 0]
4 1 2 0 0 1

1
1 2 1 0 0
2
[𝐴]−1 = [4 3 3] [0 1 0] 𝑓2 − (4) 𝑥 𝑓1 → 𝑓2
4 1 2 0 0 1
1
4 − (4) 𝑥 1 = 0 , 3 − (4) 𝑥 2 = −5 , 3 − (4) 𝑥 1 = −1 , 0 − (4) 𝑥 = −2 ,
2

1 − (4 )𝑥 0 = 1 , 0 − (4) 𝑥 0 = 0 .
1
1 2 1 0 0
2
[𝐴]−1 = [0 −5 −1] [−2 1 0]
4 1 2 0 0 1

1
1 2 1 0 0
2
[𝐴]−1 = [4 3 3] [0 1 0] 𝑓3 − (4) 𝑥 𝑓1 → 𝑓3
4 1 2 0 0 1

1
4 − (4) 𝑥 1 = 0 , 1 − (4) 𝑥 2 = −7 , 2 − ( 4 )𝑥 1 = −2 , 0 − (4 )𝑥 = −2 ,
2

0 − (4 )𝑥 0 = 0 , 1 − (4 )𝑥 0 = 1 .
 1
1 2 1 0 0
2
[𝐴]−1 = [0 −5 −1] [−2 1 0]
0 −7 −2 −2 0 1

1
1 2 1 0 0
2
[𝐴]−1 = [0 −5 −1] [−2 1 0] = 𝑓2 ÷ (−5) =→ 𝑓2
4 1 2 0 0 1
1 2
0 ÷ 5 = 0 , (−5) ÷ (−5) = 1 , (−1) ÷ (−5) = , (−2) ÷ (−5) = 5 ,
5

1
(1) ÷ (−5) = − , (0) ÷ (−5) = 0 ,
5

1
1 2 1 0 0
1 2
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 ][ 1
−5
2
0]
5
5
0 −7 −2 −2 0 1

1
1 2 1 0 0
1 2
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 ][ 1
−5
2
0] = 𝑓3 − (−7)𝑥𝑓2 =→ 𝑓3
5
5
0 −7 −2 −2 0 1

1 3
0 − (−7)𝑥1 = 0 , −7 − (−7)𝑥1 = 0 , −2 − (−7)𝑥 5 = − 5 ,

2 4 1 7
−2 − (−7)𝑥 5 = 5 , 0 − (−7)𝑥 − 5 = − 5 , 1 − (−7)𝑥0 = 1 ,

1
1 2 1 0 0
1 2
= [0 1 2 1
[𝐴]−1 5 ] −5 0
3 5
0 0 −5 4 7
[5 − 5 1]
 1
1 2 1 0 0
1 2
= [0 1 2 1 3
[𝐴]−1 5 ] − 5 0 = 𝑓3 ÷ (− ) =→ 𝑓3
3 5 5
0 0 −5 4 7
[5 − 5 1]
3 3 3 3 4 3 4
0 ÷ (− 5) = 0 , −7 ÷ (− 5) = 0 , − 5 ÷ (− ) = 1 , 5 ÷ (− 5) = − 3 ,
5

7 3 7 3 5
− 5 ÷ (− 5) = 3 , 1 ÷ (− 5) = − 3

1
0 0
1 2 1 2
1 2 1
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 ] 5 −5 0
5
0 0 1 −4 7 −5
[ 5 3 3]

1
0 0
1 2 1 2
1 2 1 1
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 ] − 0 = 𝑓2 − ( ) 𝑥 𝑓3 =→ 𝑓2
5 5 5 5
0 0 1 −4 7 −5
[ 3 5 3]

1 1 1 1 2 1 4 2
0 − (5) 𝑥 0 = 0 , 1 − (5) 𝑥 0 = 1 , (5) − (5) 𝑥 1 = 0 , 5 − (5) 𝑥(− 5) = 3 ,

1 1 7 2 1 5 1
− (5) − (5) 𝑥 (3) = − , 0 − (5) 𝑥 − (3) =
3 3

1
0 0
1 2 1 2
2 2 1
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 0] −3
3 3
0 0 1 4 7 5
[− 3 3
− 3]

1
0 0
1 2 1 2
2 2 1
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 0] − = 𝑓1 − (1)𝑥 𝑓3 =→ 𝑓1
3 3 3
0 0 1 4 7 5
[− 3 3
− 3]

1 4 11
1−1𝑥0= 1 , 2 − (1) 𝑥 0 = 2 , 1 − (1) 𝑥 1 = 0 , (2) − (1) 𝑥 (− 3) = ,
6

7 7 5 5
0 − 1 𝑥 (3) = − , 0 − (1) 𝑥 (− 3) = 3
3
 11 7 5
−
6 3 3
1 2 0 2 2 1
[𝐴]−1 = [0 1 0] −
0 0 1 3 3 3
4 7 5
−
[ 3 − ]
3 3

𝟏𝟏 𝟕 𝟓
−
𝟔 𝟑 𝟑
𝟏 𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
[𝑨]−𝟏 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] − = 𝒇𝟏 − (𝟐)𝒙 𝒇𝟐 → 𝒇𝟏
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟕 𝟓
−
[ 𝟑 − ]
𝟑 𝟑

𝟏𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
𝟏 − (𝟐 )𝒙 𝟎 = 𝟏 , 𝟐 − 𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 = 𝟎 , 𝟎 − (𝟐)𝒙 𝟎 = 0 , − (𝟐)𝒙 =𝟐
𝟔 𝟑

𝟕 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏
(− 𝟑) − (𝟐)𝒙 (− 𝟑) = −𝟏 , − (𝟐)𝒙 =𝟏
𝟑 𝟑

𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏
𝟐
𝟏 𝟎 𝟎 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
[𝑨]−𝟏 = [𝟎 𝟏 𝟎] = −
𝟎 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟕 𝟓
[− 𝟑 𝟑
− ]
𝟑

Inversa matiz es:

𝟏
−𝟏 𝟏
𝟐
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏
[𝑨]−𝟏 = −
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟕 𝟓
−
[ 𝟑 − ]
𝟑 𝟑
c) Halle la matriz adjunta

𝒍𝒂 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒛 𝒂𝒅𝒋𝒖𝒏𝒕𝒂 𝒆𝒔:

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟔 𝟔
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] = 𝑨𝒅𝒋𝑨 = [𝟒 −𝟒 𝟐 ]
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟎

Procedimiento

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝟑 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] 𝑪𝟏,𝟏 = (−𝟏)𝟏+𝟏 ∗ = [ ]
𝟏 𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 ∗ (𝟑 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟑 𝒙 𝟏) =

𝟏 ∗ (𝟔 − 𝟑)=

𝟏∗𝟑=𝟑

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] 𝑪𝟏,𝟐=(−𝟏)𝟏+𝟐 ∗ =[𝟒 𝟑
]
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐

−𝟏 ∗ (𝟒 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙𝟑) =

−𝟏 ∗ (𝟖 − 𝟏𝟐) =

−𝟏 ∗ (−𝟒) = 𝟒

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟒 𝟑
𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟏,𝟑 =(−𝟏)𝟏+𝟑 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟏
𝟒 𝟏 2
𝟏 ∗ (𝟒 𝒙𝟏 − 𝟑𝒙𝟒) =

𝟏 ∗ (𝟒 − 𝟏𝟐) =

𝟏 ∗ (−𝟖) = 𝟒
 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟐,𝟏=(−𝟏)𝟐+𝟏 = [ ]
𝟏 𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
−𝟏 ∗ (𝟒 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙𝟏) =

−𝟏 ∗ (𝟖 − 𝟐) =

−𝟏 ∗ (𝟔) = −𝟔

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟐,𝟏=(−𝟏)𝟐+𝟐 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 ∗ (𝟐 𝒙 𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙𝟒) =

𝟏 ∗ (𝟒 − 𝟖) =

𝟏 ∗ (−𝟒) = −𝟒

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟐 𝟒
𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟐,𝟏=(−𝟏)𝟐+𝟑 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟏
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
−𝟏 ∗ (𝟐 𝒙 𝟏 − 𝟒𝒙𝟒) =

−𝟏 ∗ (𝟐 − 𝟏𝟔) =

−𝟏 ∗ (−𝟏𝟒) = 𝟏𝟒

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝟒 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟑,𝟏=(−𝟏)𝟑+𝟏 = [ ]
𝟑 𝟑
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 ∗ (𝟒 𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟑𝒙𝟐) =

𝟏 ∗ (𝟏𝟐 − 𝟔) =

𝟏 ∗ (𝟔) = 𝟔

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝟐 𝟐
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟑,𝟐=(−𝟏)𝟑+𝟐 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟑
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
−𝟏 ∗ (𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒙𝟒) =

−𝟏 ∗ (𝟔 − 𝟖) =
 −𝟏 ∗ (−𝟐) = 𝟐

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐
𝟐 𝟒
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] 𝒄𝟑,𝟑=(−𝟏)𝟑+𝟑 = [ ]
𝟒 𝟑
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐
𝟏 ∗ (𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟒) =

𝟏 ∗ (𝟔 − 𝟏𝟔) =

𝟏 ∗ (−𝟏𝟎) = −𝟏𝟎

𝟐 𝟒 𝟐 𝟑 −𝟔 𝟔
[𝑨] = [𝟒 𝟑 𝟑] 𝑨𝒅𝒋𝑨 = [𝟒 −𝟒 𝟐 ]
𝟒 𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏𝟒 −𝟏𝟎