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Ciências Humanas e suas Tecnologias
2021
M
COLÉGIO CURITIBANO ADVENTISTA BOM RETIRO
Aluno(a): Matrícula:
QUESTÃO 13
C
Em 1980, deu-se o estouro da corrida do ouro em
Serra Pelada, localizada no estado de (o):
A Acre
B Paraná.
C Pará.
D Sergipe.
E Maranhão
D
QUESTÃO 14 QUESTÃO 15
Observe a figura a seguir: “De acordo com a Teoria da Deriva Continental,
proposta em 1912, pelo geólogo alemão Alfred
Wegener, há cerca de 200 milhões de anos um
único continente, a Pangeia (pan=‘todo’; geo=terra),
teria existido na Terra. Impulsionado por
movimentos magmáticos, a Pangeia teria iniciado
um lento processo de fragmentação, originando
gigantescos blocos, chamados de placas
tectônicas”.
Fonte: MOREIRA, Igor; AURICCHIO, Elizabeth.
Geografia em Construção – Ensino Médio, Volume
2. São Paulo, Ática, 2012, p. 74.
INGLÊS
TEXTO BASE 1 QUESTÃO 16
Leia o texto para responder a questão. PARA RESPONDER À QUESTÃO, LEIA O TEXTO
BASE 1
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the
time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with No trecho do segundo parágrafo “If they happened
our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, only occasionally”, o termo sublinhado refere-se a:
attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem- A “the body’s main stress hormone”.
solving and decision-making skills. But there is B “our phones”.
another reason for us to rethink our relationships C “phone-induced cortisol spikes”.
with our devices. By chronically raising levels of D “the average American”.
cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our
E “four hours a day”.
phones may be threatening our health and
shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-
induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the
average American spends four hours a day staring
at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach
nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called
Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your
phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or
even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield,
professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of
Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the
Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a
stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the
body’s natural response is to want to check the
phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second,
it probably will make things worse in the long run.
Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find
something else stressful waiting for you, leading to
another spike in cortisol and another craving to
check your phone to make your anxiety go away.
This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to
chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically
elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an
increased risk of serious health problems, including
depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2
diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart
attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019.
Adaptado.)
TEXTO BASE 2 people per day – are would-be immigrants. They are
looking to start a new life in a new world.
INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto que segue para For many, passing through Ellis Island was not so
responder à questão proposta. much a matter of stepping into a new world, it was
stepping
THE STORY OF ELLIS ISLAND into a new life, a new character. And so it was that
Mass migrations have marked the history of the the man who finally led his family through the door
human race ever since people began to dream of a and onto the
better life [20] ferry packed with a jostling crowd of new
Americans was not Franz Schumacher any more,
Migration is in the news these days, as Donald but Frank Shoemaker,
Trump tries to set up new physical and even if he still didn't understand more than a couple
administrative barriers of words of English.
against people wanting to enter the USA – mostly Disponível em:
from Central America, Asia and Africa. But a century https://linguapress.com/advanced/ellis-island.htm.
ago, the USA Acesso em: 7 out. 2019. Adaptado.
welcomed immigrants, most of them people from
Europe who were migrating in mass, looking for a QUESTÃO 17
better life in the
PARA RESPONDER À QUESTÃO, LEIA O TEXTO
USA. Ellis Island, the small island in New York
BASE 2
Harbor was, for millions of would-be immigrants,
their first experience O pronome “them” (Linha 7), refere-se a(à):
[5] of the promised land. A Franz and Ulrike Schumacher and their three
The year is 1906, the date November 16th. Franz children.
and Ulrike Schumacher and their three children have B Hamburg-Amerika line steamship.
just
C the stormy North Atlantic Ocean.
disembarked from the Hamburg-Amerika line
D Germany
steamship that has carried them across the stormy
North Atlantic
Ocean from Germany.
Like the thousands of other people milling around
them, they are totally bewildered, caught up in a
mixture of
[10] hope and apprehension, as they crowd into a
vast waiting room. The room sounds like the Tower
of Babel, for few of
those in it speak a word of English. They speak
German, Polish, Dutch, Hungarian, or Russian
maybe, yet they have
come, seeking a new life in a new world; and now
they are on American soil for the first time. This is
America!
America! Or at least it is Ellis Island.
After interminable hours of waiting, the
Schumacher family are finally called to a desk;
immigration officials
[15] study their papers, and ask them where they
intend to go. They don't ask how long they're
planning to stay, however,
since they know the answer already. All those who
pass through Ellis Island – and that could mean over
11,000
TEXTO BASE 3 replace
that. Ever
5 Reasons Why Artificial Intelligence Won’t Replace 2) Physicians have a non-linear working
Physicians method
There was an episode in House M.D. where
Although many signs are pointing towards [40] the team couldn’t figure out how a young boy
the fact that A.I. will completely move the world of could
medicine, and many other technologies will also have been poisoned. They considered many
have options:
a transformative effect on the industry, stating that drugs, food poisoning, pesticide poisoning. For
the every possible diagnosis, they suggested a different
[5] majority of medical professionals will disappear, treatment option. Each one of them made the patient
is [45] worse – until they figured out, by accident, that
fearmongering and irresponsible. the
According to a report by Carl Benedikt Frey and boy picked up phosmet, a type of insecticide from
Michael A. Osborne from the University of Oxford, the
medical transcriptionists, medical records and health jeans that he bought from a street vendor who kept
[10] information technicians and medical secretaries the trousers in a truck. The boy didn’t wash the piece
are of clothing before wearing it, that’s how his skin
the most likely jobs to be computerized in the future, could
but physicians and surgeons have a 0.42 percent [50] absorb the poison.
chance for their professions being automated. No algorithm could have made that diagnosis.
Moreover, A.I. will transform the meaning of what Although data, measurements and quantitative
[15] it means to be a doctor: some tasks will analytics are a crucial part of a doctor’s work, setting
disappear, up a diagnosis and treating a patient are not linear
while others will be added to the work routine. [55] processes. It requires creativity and problem-
However, solving
there will never be a situation where the embodiment skills that algorithms and robots will never have.
of automation, either a robot or an algorithm will take 3) Complex digital technologies require
the place of a doctor. Let me tell you five reasons competent professionals
why. More and more sophisticated digital health
[20] 1) We cannot replace empathy [60] solutions will require the competence of
Even if the array of technologies will offer brilliant qualified
solutions, it would be difficult for them to mimic medical professionals, no matter whether it’s
empathy. Why? Because at the core of empathy, about robotics or A.I. Take the example of the most
there commonly known surgical robot, the da Vinci
is the process of building trust: listening to the other Surgical
[25] person, paying attention to their needs, System. It features a magnified 3D high-definition
expressing [65] vision system and tiny wristed instruments that
the feeling of compassion and responding in a bend
manner and rotate far greater than the human hand.
that the other person knows they were understood. However,
At present, you would not trust a robot or a surgeons have to learn how to operate it, and it
smart algorithm with a life-altering decision or even takes
[30] with a decision whether or not to take practice to master it.
painkillers, for Likewise, look at IBM Watson. Its unique program
that matter. But we might never be able to imagine [70] for oncologists provides clinicians evidence-
healthcare without human empathy. We will need based
doctors holding our hands while telling us about a treatment options. Nonetheless, it’s only doctors
life-changing diagnosis, their guide through therapy together with their patients who can choose the
[35] and their overall support. An algorithm cannot treatment, and only physicians can evaluate whether
the smart algorithm came up with potentially useful
[75] suggestions. No robot or algorithm could clearly QUESTÃO 18
interpret complex, multi-layered challenges —
involving the psyche. While they will provide the PARA RESPONDER À QUESTÃO, LEIA O TEXTO
data, BASE 3
interpretation will always remain a human territory
n the fragment of the text “While they will provide the
4) There will always be tasks algorithms and
data, interpretation will always remain a human
[80] robots can never complete
territory” (lines 77-78), the pronoun they refers to
Physicians, nurses and other members of the
A “treatment options” (line 71)
medical staff have plenty of cumbersome
monotonous B “physicians” (line 73)
and repetitive tasks to complete every single day. C “clinicians” (line 70)
However, there are responsibilities and duties which D “robot or algorithm” (line 75)
[85] technologies cannot perform. While IBM Watson E “oncologists” (line 70)
can
sift through millions of pages of documents in
seconds,
it will never be able to do the Heimlich maneuver.
There will always be tasks where humans will be
faster, more reliable — or cheaper than technology.
[90] 5) It has never been tech vs. human
The consistent and constant enemy image
building should stop once and for all. It has never
been technology versus humans since technological
innovations always serve the purpose to help
people.
[95] We are playing on the same team. No matter
whether
it’s A.I., robotics, augmented or virtual reality, we
should accept that they have a massive influence on
the way healthcare operates, and then start utilizing
their power.
[100] Collaboration between humans and
technology is
the ultimate response. The Medical Futurist believes
that this is the perfect example for the coming
decades.
Technology will help bring medical professionals
towards a more efficient, less error-prone and more
[105] seamless healthcare. Our team insists on the
usage
of digital tools as we are confident that if utilized in
the right way — ethical and legal concerns NOT set
aside — the physician will have more time for the
patient, the doctor can enjoy his work and healthcare
[110] will move into an overall positive direction.
Available at: http://medicalfuturist.com/5-reasons-
artifi cial- -intelligence-wont-replace-physicians.
Retrieved on: June 30, 2018. Adapted