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S3
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Equipe:
Redação: Luziana Lanna
Revisão: Maria do Carmo Barbosa Pinho
Stephen Robert Wells
Ilustrações: Cláudia Jussan
Diagramação: Millennium Artes Gráficas LTDA.

Editor Chefe: Luziana Lanna

O Luziana Lanna Idiomas agradece a todos que

fizeram contribuições a este livro.

www.luzianalanna.com.br
Revisão: 03
 PRESENTATION OF THE LUZIANA LANNA METHOD
The Luziana Lanna Method was born of the necessity of creating materials
especially for Brazilians, respecting their characteristics.
Undoubtedly, the ease or difficulty in speaking a second language is directly
connected to the phonetic structure of the mother language and in this aspect we
are well-served. Portuguese is rich in phonemes, which facilitates our pronunciation
in other languages.
THE LUZIANA LANNA METHOD IS SIMPLE IN FORM BUT RICH IN CONTENT.

The material is an important part of the methodology which supports our

slogan, “Different methods for different people”. Our teachers are prepared to utilize
an enormous variety of supplemental materials, such as: videos, technical texts,
grammar exercises, magazines, etc., always taking into consideration, the age,
interests and abilities of our students.
Regardless of whether it is teacher and student, school and family, school and
business we know that the Luziana Lanna Method will satisfy the needs of every
group of students. Moreover, it is vital that we establish at first contact the goal
of each student when he registers for our course. Some want to prepare for the
Vestibular or for a masters degree, others have professional objectives, still others
want to learn a foreign language for travel or just for fun.
WE KNOW THAT ONE PERFECT METHOD FOR EVERYONE DOES NOT EXIST.

It is the teachers responsibility to adapt the material to the needs of each class.
Therefore, it is important that we work only with experienced teachers and never
teenagers fresh from some exchange program abroad.
Luziana Lanna Idiomas is well-prepared to serve and guide its students in the
study of foreign languages. By watching video-classes, coming to extra classes and
orientation lectures you will break the language barrier with ease and fun.
We would like to thank all the students who have given us the privilege of
studying English with us and who have contributed so much to our research, and
to the teachers who work and have worked with us in the past lending their skills,
intelligence and talent.
Special thanks to all the teachers who contributed with their suggestions to
this book.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 1
FRIENDS
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

UNIT 2
WHICH IS BETTER?
COMPARATIVE

UNIT 3
HOPE WINS OUT OVER FEAR
SUPERLATIVE

UNIT 4
ON THE TELEPHONE
CAN AND COULD

UNIT 5
THE SECRETARY
COMPOUND PRONOUNS

UNIT 6
THE GOOD OLD DAYS!
USED TO

UNIT 7
EARTH REPORT
THE FUTURE - WILL AND GOING TO

UNIT 8
MUSIC TO MY EARS
TAG QUESTIONS

ANSWER KEY TO THE HOMEWORK SECTION

LISTENING COMPREHENSION TRANSCRIPTS

 PART A

FRIENDS
1 I met Karen when we were in elementary school. She was always a little crazy,
2 always doing and saying bizarre things. But she was always fun to be with and
3 she is extremely creative. She draws really well and she sings beautifully. And
4 every week she changes the color of her hair. There is one problem: she snores
5 very loudly! One time she stayed over my house and kept everybody up all night
6 with her snoring.
7 When we were in high school, Joe was really fat, I mean, enormous. But
8 everybody loved him because he was so funny. But he was also a great student.
9 He studied really hard and did well in every subject. He didn’t have a girlfriend
10 when he was in high school but he was never the kind of person to sit quietly in
11 a corner. He was always the life of the party.
12 Kelly was the first person I met when we moved here last year. She is very shy
13 and thin but she is beautiful in her own way. She is a terrific friend. She always
14 helps me with my Math homework because I’m really terrible at Math. I totally
15 hate Math, but she teaches me so patiently. This year I’m actually doing well in
16 Math, thanks to Kelly. And Kelly is a great listener, too. I tell her all my secrets.
17 There is one strange thing about her: she eats really slowly. I never saw anyone
18 eat so slowly.

U1.1
 A. Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. Give three adjectives to describe Karen.
....................................................................................................................................................

2. How does Karen sing? How does she snore?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. What are Joe’s good qualities?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Did Joe like to go to parties in high school? Explain your answer.

....................................................................................................................................................

5. What is Kelly’s main problem?

....................................................................................................................................................

B. With a partner, talk about a friend of yours. Think about the following
questions:
When and where did you meet?

What does he / she look like?

What kind of person is he / she? ( see adjectives below )

What does he / she like to do?

Does he / she have any special talents or defects?

Is there anything strange or unusual about him / her?

warm sweet easy-going uptight rude

sensitive annoying out-going friendly caring

U1.2
 DESCRIBING PEOPLE AND THINGS –
PART
B
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
AN ADJECTIVE TELLS US MORE ABOUT A NOUN ( TEACHER, CAR, PENCIL).
She is a slow worker.
WHILE AN ADVERB OF MANNER TELLS US MORE ABOUT A VERB (SING, DANCE, WORK).
She works slowly.
MANY ADVERBS ARE FORMED BY ADDING THE TERMINATION LY TO THE END OF AN
ADJECTIVE:
EX.: QUICK - QUICKLY BAD - BADLY
WHEN AN ADJECTIVE ENDS IN Y, CHANGE THE Y TO I BEFORE ADDING LY:
EX.: EASY - EASILY HAPPY - HAPPILY
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN FUL GET TWO L’s IN THE ADVERB FORM:
EX.: CAREFUL - CAREFULLY HELPFUL - HELPFULLY

Some adjectives have irregular adverb forms:

ADJECTIVE ADVERB

good well
fast fast
hard hard
late late
Not all words ending in ly are adverbs. Some adjectives also end in ly:
Pay attention to: friendly - lovely - lonely - ugly - silly

A - Underline the correct word:

1. He always does his homework (careful / carefully) .

2. Sebastian Vettel drives very (fast / fastly) .

3. Mr. Sanchez has a (permanent / permanently) visa.

4. Jim works (hard / hardly) .

U1.3
 5. I can do all these exercises ( easy / easily ) .

6. Helen’s father plays the violin ( beautiful / beautifully ) .

7. Caetano Veloso sings very ( good / well ) .

8. Catherine is speaking quite ( loud / loudly ) .

9. We need to leave ( quick / quickly ) or we’ll miss the plane.

B. Rewrite the sentences using the adverb form of the adjective in italics. _

Billy is a quick runner. He runs quickly.

1. Jack is a careless cook. .............................................................

2. Henry is a slow reader. .............................................................

3. You are a careful doctor. You work ...............................................

4. It was a heavy snow storm. It snowed ..............................................

5. George is a fast driver. .............................................................

6. Jackie is a good typist. .............................................................

7. They are bad dancers. .............................................................

8. I need an immediate answer. Answer me ...........................................

C. Talk about yourself. Use the adverbs below to talk about how you do
things.

I drive carefully.

1. slowly .......................................................................................................

2. badly ........................................................................................................

3. well ..........................................................................................................

4. easily .......................................................................................................

U1.4
 5. fast ...........................................................................................................

6. carefully ...................................................................................................

7. perfectly ...................................................................................................

8. loudly .......................................................................................................

D. Work with a partner and explain your answers to the questions below.

1. What kind of driver are you?

....................................................................................................................................................

2. What kind of a student are you?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. In your opinion, which actor acts terribly?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. How well do you cook?

....................................................................................................................................................

5. How did you do on your last test?

....................................................................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

Edward and Bella celebrated their honeymoon
on a gorgeous remote island in Brazil in
“Breaking Dawn: part 1”. Now will real life
lovebirds Rob and kristen do the same for
the holidays?
it’s hard not to confuse their on screen
relationship with their off screen one because
they both are just so perfect.

What do you think? Are Rob & Kristen going to

jet off to Brazil just like Edward and Bella did?
U1.5
 SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. Work with a partner and talk about what you do. Use the questions below
to help you. Use the information in the box to help you talk about school.
Do you work or do you go to school?
What do you do or what grade are you in at school?
Are you good or bad at what you do? Explain, please.

Age Name of School Grades

5 Elementary School Kindergarten
6 - 10 Elementary School 1-5
11 - 13 Middle School / Junior High School 6-8
14 - 17 High School 9 - 12
18 - 21 University / College 4 years

B. Correct the sentences according to what you hear.

– You’re typing fast, Miss Jessup.

– That’s because I’m working carelessly.

– But you make a lot of mistakes.

– I don’t know, Mr. Green.

– Perhaps I don’t speak clearly.

– No, I understand you clearly.

– Then what’s the matter?

– I don’t know, Mr. Green.

U1.6
 C. True or False?
1. ( ) Tom studies really hard.

2. ( ) He is an excellent student.

3. ( ) He never does his homework.

4. ( ) He is studying hard at summer school.

5. ( ) He made a lot of friends.

6. ( ) Susan works hard.

7. ( ) She works slowly.

8. ( ) She never works on weekends.

9. ( ) She works six hours a day.

10. ( ) She is always thinking about work.

D. Divide into two teams. When you hear an adverb, clap your hands and
repeat the adverb. One point for every adverb. Minus one point if the word
is not an adverb. The team with the most points, wins.

DID YOU KNOW?

On December 25 th, Roberto Carlos was on TV. His show was in Jerusalem. It
was just fantastic! He sang in English, in Italian, in Portuguese and in Spanish.
He speaks foreign languages very well. He performed beautifully. Roberto Carlos
is also a generous man. He supports old artists “behind the curtins”.
GOD SAVE THE BRAZILIAN KING!

U1.7
 HOMEWORK

A. Rewrite the sentences using the adverb form of the adjective in italics.

1. This train is very slow. It goes very slowly.

2. Arthur is a fast typist. ............................................

3. They are bad players. ............................................

4. Anita was a careless cook . ............................................

5. Van Gogh was a wonderful painter. ............................................

6. Your writing is very clear. ............................................

B. Circle the clause that correctly completes the sentence on the left.
1. Bob rarely makes a mistake because… a. …he is a good typist.
b. …he types very badly.

2. Anna always looks beautiful because… a. …she dresses slowly.

b. …she dresses elegantly.

3. Carl isn’t a good driver because… a. …he drives carefully.

b. …he is careless while driving.

4. We couldn’t hear Barbara because a. …she was talking quietly.

b. …she was talking loudly.

5. Beth was smiling… a. …happy.

b. …happily.

U1.8
C. Fill in the blanks with one of the words below. Sometimes you have to use
an adjective and sometimes an adverb.

heavy (ily) correct(ly) slow(ly) fluent(ly)

easy(ily) careful(ly) good/well clear(ly)

1. Can you speak .....................................................,please?

I’m just beginning to study English.

2. They thought the exam was quite ..............................................

They all got high scores.

3. Did she spell your name ..............................................?

Yes. That’s the way it is.

4. I don’t think Mr. Smith speaks............................................... .

The students never understand what he says.

5. Traffic in this city is too ...............................................

So you have to drive .............................................. .

6. Betty’s English is very ........................................

She speaks...............................................

DID YOU KNOW?

Andrea Bocelli came to Belo Horizonte to celebrate
FIAT’S 35th ANNIVERSARY. The crowd applauded
him cheerfully. Sandy, the young Brazilian singer, was
elegantly dressed and her voice sounded just beautiful.
It was an extraordinary event.
CONGRATULATIONS TO FIAT!
U1.9
 D. Do you do any of the items from the list? How do you do them? Use your
imagination and add some more activities to the list.

drive cook play soccer

write swim speak Spanish

use a computer draw dance

I am a very bad singer. I sing terribly.

I am a slow runner. I run...

1. ...............................................................................................................

2. ...............................................................................................................

3. ...............................................................................................................

4. ...............................................................................................................

5. ...............................................................................................................

6. ...............................................................................................................

7. ...............................................................................................................

8. ...............................................................................................................

9. ...............................................................................................................

10. .............................................................................................................

U1.10
 REVIEW

1. She dances very ...........................................................................

a. good c. bad
b. beautiful d. well
2. He’s a bad driver. He drives .........................................................
a. carefully c. badly
b. careless d. well
3. She writes beautiful stories. She’s a ................................... writer.
a. badly c. good
b. well d. slowly
4. I drive slowly but my brother drives ..............................................
a. fast c. quick
b. slow d. noisy
5. It’s a very ............................................................................street.
a. quietly c. quiet
b. noisily d. loudly
6. My wife ...........................................the movie we saw last night.
a. like c. didn’t like
b. don’t like d. likes
7. He ........................................... good at basketball in high school.
a. were c. went
b. was d. weren’t
8. Albert ........................................ to the market to get some eggs.
a. was c. went
b. were d. go
9. We ......................................................... a good movie last week.
a. saw c. see
b. was seeing d. seen

10. He was working at the office when Sally ....................................

a. were arriving c. arrived
b. arriving d. arrive
U1.11
 11. At three o’clock yesterday I .............................................a book.
a. was reading c. reads
b. am reading d. to read
12. We ............................................................. the car when he left.
a. was washing c. are washing
b. were washing d. wash
13. ......................................a lot of people at the party on Saturday.
a. There are c. There is
b. There were d. There was
14. The boys are washing ........................................................cars.
a. there c. their
b. theirs d. them
15. Did they study for the test? Yes, they .........................................
a. study c. did study
b. studied d. did
16. He ..................................................................................... today.
a. are working c. work
b. is working d. working
17. They .............................................................. the bus every day.
a. taking c. take
b. is taking d. takes
18. I don’t have ..................................................................... money.
a. much c. a
b. many d. some
19. Don’t talk to..................................................................................
a. me c. mine
b. I d. my

20. She was ......................................................... Miami last month.

a. to c. in
b. at d. from

U1.12
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 PART A

WHICH IS BETTER?

....................................................................................................................................................

1. In my opinion, an apartment is safer and more convenient. You don’t

have to worry about maintenance and there are more neighbors to keep
you company.
....................................................................................................................................................

2. I have to say Maradona. He was more controversial and Pelé was more
talented. But Pelé’s teammates were also much better than Maradona’s.
Maradona carried his team on his back. He definitely made a bigger im-
pact than Pelé.
....................................................................................................................................................

3. São Paulo is more polluted and uglier. And you don’t have the beaches
and the mountains either. I also think that São Paulo is more violent than
Rio, but I’m not sure.

U2.1
 ....................................................................................................................................................

4. When you’re single, you have more freedom to do what you want. You
can have much more fun, go out with whoever you like, and stay out late.
....................................................................................................................................................

5. Yes, definitely. They drive slower and more carefully. Men drive much
faster and more dangerously, in general.
....................................................................................................................................................

6. For me it is. The country is calmer and slower. I like it when I’m less
tense and more relaxed. But I don’t know if I could live there for the rest
of my life. It’s also more boring.
....................................................................................................................................................

7. Well, nowadays I think I make better decisions. I’m more patient than I
was. Sure, I had a lot more energy when I was 18, but I think I’m happier
now.

A. Now listen to the CD and write down the questions that correspond to the
answers.

B. Do you agree with the speakers concerning the topics? Work with a
partner and discuss your answers to the questions. Then think of two more
controversial questions of your own to add.

DID YOU KNOW?

Pelé is twenty years OLDER THAN Maradona. He was born in Três
Corações, MG on October 23rd in 1940.
Neymar is five years YOUNGER THAN Messi. He was born in Mogi
das Cruzes, SP on February 5th in 1993.
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT!!!

U2.2
 COMPARATIVE
PART B
We use the comparative form of adjectives and adverbs when we want
to compare two people, places or things.
Adjectives and adverbs with 1 or 2 syllables form the comparative by
adding ER to the end of the adjective or adverb:
Ex.: Jane is older than Cathy.
Adjectives and adverbs that end in “Y” change the “Y” to an “I”
before adding ER:
Ex.: Jane is happier than Cathy.
Two syllable adjectives and adverbs ending in OUS, FUL, LESS, ED, and
ING form the comparative with the word MORE before the adjective or adverb.
Ex.: Bob is more careful than his brother.
Some other adjectives also form the comparative with MORE, such as
FUN, MODERN and PATIENT.
Adjectives and adverbs with 3 or more syllables form the comparative
with the word MORE before the adjective or adverb.
Ex.: Cathy is more beautiful than Jane.

There are a number of adjectives and adverbs with irregular forms:

Adjective Comparative Example

Good better Butter is better than margarine.
Bad worse The Mets are worse than the Yankees.
Far farther / further (*) Alaska is farther from here than Natal.
Little less Greg has less money than Frank.
Much/Many more We have more food than they do.

* FARTHER = FURTHER to express physical distances. But, ONLY FURTHER

can be used to express abstract meanings, as in “ Did you receive any further
news about the final test?”

U2.3
 A. Match the columns to complete the sentences.
( ) Portuguese grammar 1. ... is colder than Miami.
( ) Gold 2. ... is more expensive than silver.
( ) Antônio Fagundes 3. ... is much older than Los Angeles.
( ) In 2002, Brazil 4. ... was better than Germany.
( ) Jô Soares 5. ... is harder than English grammar.
( ) Classical music 6. ... are cheaper than imported cars.
( ) Driving 7. ... is more dangerous than flying.
( ) Alaska 8. .. is older than Reynaldo Gianechinni.
( ) Brazilian cars 9. ... is fatter than most people.
( ) Rome 10. ... is more sophisticated than rap.

B. Complete the sentences using the comparative form of the words in

parentheses

1. Soccer is ............................................................. (exciting) volleyball.

2. Buzios is ...........................................................(expensive) Cabo Frio.

3. As president, Barack Obama is ...........................(good) George Bush.

4. New York is .........................................................................(cold) Miami.

5. Hamburgers are .............................................................. (cheap) steak.

6. A BMW is ............................................................................. (fast) a Fiat.

7. Summer is ........................................................................... (hot) winter.

8. That red dress is ........................................................(pretty) the others.

9. Cooking is ...................................................... (fun) washing the dishes.

10. Italian food is ............................................................. (fattening) salad.

U2.4
C. _ Let’s compare! With a partner, write eight sentences comparing life in
your city with life in São Paulo. Use the adjectives below to help you.

busy happy hard fast warm important

rich dangerous pretty expensive popular independent

cold modern beautiful polluted fun exciting

1. .............................................................................................................

2. .............................................................................................................

3. .............................................................................................................

4. .............................................................................................................

5. .............................................................................................................

6. .............................................................................................................

7. .............................................................................................................

8. .............................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

One Big Mac sandwich has 576 calories. One
regular plate served with rice and beans has
295 calories and is HEALTHIER!!
If you want to get fatter you should
eat a lot of sandwiches.
IT ´S UP TO YOU!!

U2.5
 SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. Before you listen, how would you compare a Rolls Royce and a Volkswagen?
Now listen to the CD and write down sentences about Rolls Royces and two
sentences about Volkswagens.
1. ...................................................................................................................

2. ...................................................................................................................

3. ...................................................................................................................

4. ...................................................................................................................

B. Do you have brothers and sisters? How are they compared to you? Use the
adjectives below to help with ideas.

old young tall short pretty popular

funny rich handsome athletic shy heavy

C. Now answer these true or false questions about two brothers.

1. ( ) Albert is twenty-two years old.

2. ( ) Jimmy is seventeen years old.

3. ( ) Albert is heavier. He weighs 175 pounds.

4. ( ) Jimmy is younger and thinner than Albert.

5. ( ) Albert is taller than Jimmy.

6. ( ) Albert is five feet seven inches tall.

U2.6
D. Stand up when you hear:

– Maria is more attractive than Nancy.

– On the other hand, Nancy is more adventurous.

– She is also more athletic.

E. Answer true or false to the questions about Los Angeles and San Francisco.

1. ( ) San Francisco is a large city.

2. ( ) Los Angeles isn’t larger than San Francisco.

3. ( ) The population of Los Angeles is about two million people.

4. ( ) The population of San Francisco is less than one million.

5. ( ) The weather in San Francisco is better than in Los Angeles.

6. ( ) The air in Los Angeles is worse than in San Francisco.

DID YOU KNOW?

Xuxa is RICHER THAN Roberto Carlos.
Ivete Sangalo is POORER THAN Zezé Di
Camargo e Luciano.
Luan Santana has MORE MONEY THAN
Paula Fernandes.

According to www.daquidebrasilia.xpg.com.br/2011/03/04
U2.
U2.7
 HOMEWORK

A.Read the situations and complete the sentences. Use a comparative form.
Marvin is 5 feet eight inches tall. Nelson is 6 feet tall.
Nelson is taller than Marvin. or Marvin is shorter than Nelson.

1. My dog weighs 40 kilos. Yours weighs only 25.

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Yesterday the temperature was 18 degrees. Today it’s 23.

....................................................................................................................................................

3. Dave left at nine. Rita left at nine-thirty.

....................................................................................................................................................

4. This car goes 110 kilometers per hour. That one goes 160 km/h.
....................................................................................................................................................

5. My son is four years old and my daughter is only eight months old.
....................................................................................................................................................

6. I like apples a lot but I don’t like pears much.

....................................................................................................................................................

7. Sharon ate only one sandwich but Ron ate three. He was very hungry.
....................................................................................................................................................

8. Tina is not very attractive but her sister is very pretty.

....................................................................................................................................................

U2.8
B. Complete these sentences using a comparative form.

1. This coffee is very cold. I like it a little ......................................................

2. The car was brand-new. I expected it to be a little ..................................
3. This dress is too short. You need something ...........................................
4. You are going too fast. Can you speak ....................................................
please?
5. You look nice but with this necklace you will look ....................................
6. Stay where you are. Don’t come .............................................................
7. The meal was so cheap. We expected it to be ........................................
8. The situation isn’t that bad. It could be ....................................................
9. The sky is so clear today. Yesterday it was .............................................
10. The last exam was hard. I hope that next one is ......................................

C. Write sentences comparing the pairs given below.

1. Tom Cruise and Brad Pitt:.......................................................................

................................................................................................................
2. Curitiba and Salvador: ............................................................................
................................................................................................................
3. Ford and Mercedes: ...............................................................................
................................................................................................................
4. Dilma Rousseff and Cristina Kirchner:....................................................
................................................................................................................
5. China and USA: ......................................................................................
................................................................................................................
6. Your mother and your father: ..................................................................
................................................................................................................
7. January and July: ...................................................................................

U2.9
 REVIEW

1. Who is ............................................................, Mary or Ann?

a. tall c. taller
b. tallest d. shortest

2. Kathy is .............................. independent ........................... Jane.

a. more-to c. the-most
b. most d. more-than

3. Jane is ...................................................................... than Cathy.

a. busiest c. busy
b. busier d. more busier

4. She types ............................................................... than he does.

a. good c. well
b. better d. best

5. The weather in London is ....................................... than in Paris.

a. bad c. good
b. worse d. well

6. I ............................... bacon and eggs for breakfast this morning.

a. have c. had
b. has d. having

7. Did you ................................................... to the mall yesterday?

a. go c. shopped
b. went d. came

8. What .......................................................... at ten p.m. last night?

a. you were doing c. did you
b. you did d. were you doing

U2.10
9. Is that phone number ..................................................................?
a. her c. our
b. hers d. your

10. It isn’t ............................ phone number. It’s ...............................

a. her - his c. her - him
b. hers - his d. hers - him

11. .................. you ................... your exercises correctly last class?

a. Did - does c. Did - to do
b. Did - do d. Do - do

12. She is a ................ player. She plays tennis very .......................

a. good - well c. well - well
b. good - good d. well - best

13. ........................................................ a lot of people at the game?

a. There are c. Were there
b. Was there d. There were

14. You ................................................................your exercise now.

a. did c. do
b. are doing d. does

15. He reads very .............................................................................

a. fast c. rapid
b. quick d. fastly

16. My birthday is ................................................. December 10 th .

a. on c. at
b. in d. for

17. Mary was born .................................................... December too.

a. on c. at
b. in d. for

U2.11
 18. Does he speak Spanish ............................................................?
a. easy c. fluently
b. good d. fluent

19. What ............. you ...............................for the last five minutes?

a. was-doing c. is-doing
b. were-doing d. to-do

20. Did you do your exercises ........................................................?

a. correctly c. easy
b. correct d. good

LET’S COMPARE THE CELEBRATIONS:

July 4th - USA September 7th - BRAZIL

U2.12
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
U2.16
16
 PART A
ELECTIONS 2002 ELECTIONS 2002

HOPE WINS OUT OVER FEAR

1 This was one of the most interesting elections in a long time. Many people
2 complained at the start that they had to choose from the “least bad”. But interest
3 grew as the election approached.
4 Lula started out in the lead but that happened in other elections. Some people
5 said that Ciro Gomes was the most intelligent. They also said he was the dumbest
6 after some of the things he said. Serra was definitely the most boring, and maybe
7 the worst speaker of the four. Garotinho was the angriest but also had the most
8 support from the religious right. And Lula was the happiest, watching the other
9 candidates fighting among themselves.
10 In the first round Lula got the most votes and just missed getting the majority
11 he needed. Ciro got the least votes. It would be Lula and Serra in the second
12 round of voting. And Lula had the support of Ciro, Garotinho and former President
13 Itamar Franco.
14 In the end, Lula was the most voted President in the history of Brazil with
15 52,793,364 votes more than 61 percent of the population voting for him. It was
16 called by many the most sensible and democratic election in Brazilian history. In
17 the words of the former metalworker and union leader, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva,
18 “Hope won out over fear.”

U3.1
 A. Read the text again and make questions for the answers below.

1. .................................................................................................................?

Ciro Gomes was.

2. .................................................................................................................?

Lula got the most votes.

3. .................................................................................................................?

Ciro, Garotinho and Itamar Franco supported him.

4. .................................................................................................................?

He got 52,793,364 votes.

5. .................................................................................................................?

Lula said, “Hope out over fear.”

B. What do you think? Get together with your partner and give your opinion.
Was the best man for the job elected? Did Lula do a good job so far?
Make superlative sentences comparing the four candidates in the following
categories:

Intelligent Charismatic Handsome Caring Committed

Experienced Tall Fat Ugly Educated

DID YOU KNOW?

Brazilian president Dilma Rousseff was chosen as the third
most powerful woman, according to Forbes magazine. She
was followed by Argentine president Cristina Fernandez,
Brazilian model Gisele Bündchen, Spanish businesswoman
Ana Patricia Botin and Costa Rican president Laura
Chinchilla.
Rousseff, who last week became the first female head of
state to open the UN General Assembly, is the first Latin
American to make Forbes’ top 3. She made the sharpest
jump of the group this year after placing 95th in 2010.
U3.2 By MARIANA CRISTANCHO-AHN - Channel: International Affairs
 PART B
SUPERLATIVE

The superlative is very similar to the comparative (Unit 2). We use

the comparative when comparing two things. The superlative is used when
comparing 3 or more things.
Adjectives and adverbs with 1 or 2 syllables form the superlative by adding
EST to the end of the adjective or adverb. The always comes before the
superlative.
Jane is the oldest girl in her class.
Adjectives and adverbs that end in Y change the Y to an I before adding EST:
Jane is the prettiest girl in her class.
Two syllable adjectives and adverbs ending in OUS, FUL, LESS, ED, and
ING form the superlative with the word MOST before the adjective or adverb:
Bob is the most careless driver in his family.
Some one and two syllable adjectives also form the superlative with MOST,
such as FUN, MODERN and PATIENT:
My father is the most patient person in the world.
Adjectives and adverbs with 3 or more syllables form the superlative with
the word MOST before the adjective or adverb:
Cathy is the most intelligent person I know.

There are a number of adjectives and adverbs with irregular forms:

Adjective Superlative Example

Good best Shaq is the best center in basketball.
Bad worst The Mets are the worst team in baseball.
Far farthest / furthest This is the farthest I traveled in my life.
Little least He is the least talented player.
Much/Many most That is the most beautiful painting.

U3.3
 A. Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjective in
parentheses. Don’t forget to use the !
1. Peter is .............................. (young) child in my family.
2. This is ............................... (good) song on the CD.
3. July is ................................. (cool) month of the year in Brazil.
4. That was ............................. (bad) movie of all time!
5. Hopi Hari has ..................... (exciting) rides in Brazil.
6. She wore ........................... (ridiculous) hat I ever saw!
7. That was ............................ (boring) game of the championship.
8. Thanksgiving is .................. (important) holiday in the US.

B. Complete these questions with the superlative of the adjectives in parentheses

and answer them orally.

1. Who’s ................................... (good) football player in this country?

2. What’s .................................. (popular) sport in Japan?

3. Which is ................................ (comfortable) restaurant in your town ?

4. Which is ............................... (bad) food in your opinion?

5. What’s .................................. (big) country in the world?

6. What’s .................................. (cheap) car on the market?

7. Is the Amazon ...................... (long) river in the world?

8. What’s .................................. (difficult) job in the world?

C. Give your opinion about the questions below.

Which is the best movie made in Brazil?
In my opinion, Tropa de Elite was the best movie made in
Brazil, so far.

1. What is the most beautiful town in Brazil?

....................................................................................................................................................

U3.4
 2. What is the most important quality in a woman?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. What’s the worst quality in a man?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Who’s the best looking actor nowadays?

....................................................................................................................................................

5. What’s the name of the most expensive restaurant in your city?

....................................................................................................................................................

6. What is the worst TV program you can remember?

....................................................................................................................................................

7. When did you have your best birthday party?

....................................................................................................................................................

8. Who is the best student in your class?

....................................................................................................................................................

D. Oral Practice in pairs. Ask and answer questions using the information below.
Follow the example.

Student A - Question: What is the best hotel in Brazil?

Student B - Answer: The best hotel in Brazil is ......................

bright / student good / movie attractive / person

hot / country bad / food talented / athlete
cold/region agreeable/place luxurious / hotel
interesting/book comfortable/cinema tall / building

U3.5
 E. Let’s review. Complete using the comparatives. (See Unit 2) Note that we
are comparing only two things.

1. My father’s new car is much .................................. (comfortable) than his

old one.

2. This restaurant is ....................................................... (good) the one we

went to last week.

3. I’m a little ................................................................... (tall) my sister.

4. The film was much ..................................................... (bad) I’d expected.

5. His problem was ........................................................ (complicated) hers.

6. Who is ........................................................................ (funny) Jim Carrey

or Eddy Murphy?

7. São Paulo is ...........................................................(large) Manaus, isn’t it?

8. Today I’m even ........................................................... (tired) yesterday.

9. Don’t you think apples are .......................................... (tasty) pears?

10. Children talk much ...................................................... (noisily) adults.

DID YOU KNOW?

The pledge in North Korea’s annual New Year’s message 2012, released by the
official Korean Central News Agency, comes as the country enters a new era,
with Kim Jong-un installed as Supreme Commander of the 1.2 million-strong
military and ruling party leader following his father’s Dec. 17th death.
The people expect him to become the best leader in the world. Is it possible?

U3.6
SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. Answer these questions about shopping with a partner.

When was the last time you went to the mall?
Which mall did you go to? Which is the best in your city and why?
What did you buy? What was the best thing you bought?
Did you ever buy something you were not satisfied with?

B. Answer the questions according to the conversation.

1. Where are they? ......................................................................................
2. What is she looking for? ..........................................................................
3. Is it expensive? ........................................................................................
4. What color does she want? .....................................................................
5. How much is the second dress?..............................................................
6. What is the problem with the dress? .......................................................
7. Give two adjectives to describe the girl’s father ......................................
8. What does the saleswoman say about her?............................................

C. Complete the sentences according to the text.

1. They had ........................................................... wedding of the year.
2. It was also the ....................................................wedding of the year.
3. She was ............................................................. girl in the wedding.
4. They were ......................................................... couple in town.
5. They had .............................................................honeymoon ever .

D. True or False?
1.( ) Ed Williams is the most powerful of the three.
2.( ) The president of the biggest bank in town is Joe Jones.
3.( ) Bill Summers is the most ambitious of them all.
4.( ) The Mayor is the most intelligent of the three.

U3.7
 HOMEWORK

A. True or false?

1. .................... The city you live in is the largest city in your country.

2. .................... It’s the largest city in your state.

3. .................... You are the youngest person in your family.

4. .................... Summer is usually the coldest season of the year.

5. .................... Brazil is the smallest country in South America.

6. .................... You are the tallest student in your English class.

7. .................... Monday is the busiest day in your week.

8. ................... Copacabana is the most famous beach in Brazil.

9. .................... Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.

10. .................... Blue is the color you like the most.

B. Fill in the blanks with a superlative. Take a look at the model.

She is very beautiful. She’s the most beautiful girl in the village.

1. He is very thin. He’s ...................................... boy in the neighborhood.

2. This is a very thick book. It’s ......................... .......... book on the shelf.

3. This food is so popular around here. It’s ...... .................... dish of all.

4. What a tiny bug. It’s ...................................... I ever saw.

5. It’s so boring. It’s one of ................................ books I ever read.

6. Their prices are good. They have ............................prices around.

7. It tastes so bad. It’s ....................................... food I ever ate.

8. What a hot room! It’s .................................... room in the house.

U3.8
C. Write sentences using the superlative and the people and things below.

Brazil Nicolas Sarkozy Bruno & Marroni Neymar Hitler

Jesus The Beatles China Gandhi Einstein

Europe Sebastian Vettel Ricardo Teixeira Coca-Cola Feijoada

The Beatles were the most popular band ever.

1. ................................................................................................................

2. ................................................................................................................

3. ................................................................................................................

4. ................................................................................................................

5. ................................................................................................................

6. ................................................................................................................

7. ................................................................................................................

8. ................................................................................................................

9. ................................................................................................................

10. ................................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

Silvio Berlusconi, who resigned, was Italy’s
longest-serving
longest -serving post-war prime minister,
and is still one of the country’s richest men.
After three terms in office, Mr Berlusconi’s final
act as head of government was the submission
of his resignation request to the president,
which was duly accepted.

U3.9
 REVIEW

1. Who’s...................... person in the classroom?

a. tall c. the tallest
b. short d. shorter
2. What was ............... problem on the test?
a. harder c. easier
b. the hardest d. easy
3. Where’s ................. place to live in Brazil?
a. good c. the best
b. better d. worse
4. When is .................. time to have class?
a. worse c. good
b. the worst d. bad
5. This is a very .....................problem.
a. difficulty c. hardly
b. difficult d. easily
6. Today is ................. than yesterday.
a. cold c. hot
b. hotter d. the hottest
7. That blue car is ..... the red one.
a. cheap than c. the cheaper than
b. cheapest d. cheaper than
8. .......................doesn’t love.........anymore.
a. He / she c. Him / she
b. Him / her d. He / her

U3.10
9. .............................. three men outside the house.
a. Have c. There is
b. There was d. There are
10. This is .................. juice I ever had.
a. the delicious c. the most delicious
b. the more delicious d. more delicious than
11. .............................. restaurants are there downtown?
a. How c. How much
b. Where d. How many
12. .............................. shampoo is there in the bottle?
a. How much c. A little
b. How many d. A few
13. They ..................... by train when the accident happened.
a. was traveling c. are traveling
b. were traveling d. traveled
14. Where .................. you ............................. your sun glasses?
a. did-buy c. has-bought
b. did-bought d. was-buying
15. The car belongs to ....................................
a. they c. them
b. their d. theirs
16. John ..................... a dog and a cat. He loves animals.
a. has c. owe
b. like d. are
17. He ........................ a good soccer player.
a. was c. were
b. like d. are

U3.11
 18. She ...................... the meal while he ....................... the baby.
a. cooked-feeds c. is cooking-was feeding
b. cooking-fed d. was cooking-was feeding
19. She gave .....................back ............................book.
a. I / mine c. my / me
b. me / mine d. me / my
20. Which was ........... question?
a. difficult c. the easiest
b. easy d. easier

DID YOU KNOW?

According to BBC News, Brazil has overtaken the UK as the world’s sixth
largest economy, an economic research group has said.
The Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) said its latest
World Economic League Table showed Asian countries moving up and
European countries falling back.

*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)

* GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product

U3.12
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 ON THE TELEPHONE
1 SECRETARY: Griffin and Griffin, good afternoon. How can I help you?
2 TONY: Yes, could I speak to Catherine Griffin, please?
3 SECRETARY: Can I ask who’s calling?
4 TONY: Yes, could you tell her that it’s Tony Carbone from Cyclone Industries.
5 SECRETARY: One moment, please, I’ll connect you.
6 CATHERINE: Hello, Catherine Griffin speaking.
7 TONY: Hello, Catherine. It’s Tony from Cyclone Industries. We spoke last week.
8 CATHERINE: Of course, Tony. What can I do for you?
9 TONY: I was hoping we could meet sometime this week to talk about the merger.
10 Is Friday OK for you?
11 CATHERINE: No, I’m sorry. I can’t on Friday. What about Monday the twenty-first?
12 TONY: The twenty-first? No, I’m sorry, I can’t. How about Wednesday?
13 CATHERINE: OK. Can you make it around two?
14 GRACE: Catherine? Can you hear me?

U4.1
 15 CATHERINE: Tony?
16 TONY:
Sorry about that. Bad connection, I couldn’t hear you. Well, what about
17 Wednesday?
18 CATHERINE: That’s fine, Tony. Can you be here at two?
19 TONY: I sure can. I’ll see you then.
20 CATHERINE: Bye.

A. Answer the questions according to the telephone conversation.

1. What is the name of the company Tony works for?
....................................................................................................................................................

2. What does Tony want to talk to Catherine about?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. What day are they going to meet and at what time?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. What was the problem Tony was having with the telephone?
....................................................................................................................................................

B. Work in pairs and simulate a phone conversation. First, look at the text
and note how they 1) answer the phone, 2) ask politely, and 3) end the
conversation.

Student A: You need to schedule a meeting with Catherine Griffin. You are
only available on Friday afternoon after 3:00 pm.

Student B: You are Catherine Griffin’s secretary. She is traveling until Thursday
night. You need to take a message.

DID YOU KNOW?

MUSIC WAS SENT DOWN A TELEPHONE
LINE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN 1876, THE
YEAR THE PHONE WAS INVENTED.

U4.2
CAN/COULD -
ABILITIES AND POLITE QUESTIONS
PART
B
ABILITIES
We use Can and Could + a verb to talk about our abilities. When we want
to talk about an ability we have now we use CAN or CAN’T.
I can drive a car, but I can’t drive a truck.
When we want to talk about an ability that we had in the past, we use
COULD or COULDN’T.
When I was one year old, I could walk, but I couldn’t talk.
CAN and COULD are auxiliary verbs, so when we ask a question, we
begin with CAN or COULD + Subject + Verb:
Can you play the guitar?
Could you speak English when you were seven years old?

POLITE QUESTIONS
We also use CAN and COULD to ask polite questions. In this case,
both CAN and COULD refer to the present. Can is more informal, while
Could is more polite.

Can you give me a hand? Could I ask you a question, sir?

Can I borrow your pencil? Could you please show me your I.D.?

Can you lend me your pencil?

A. Complete these sentences using can / could in the appropriate form.

1. I............................................... (speak) English but I ...............................

................................................ (neg. understand) it.

2. When she was young, she ........................................... (dance) but she

....................................................................................... (neg. sing).

3. They ....................................... (play) soccer but .....................................

(neg. play) baseball.
U4.3
 4. .............................. you ...................... (tell) time when you were five
years old?

5. My sister ................................... (drive) a car but I ..................................

(neg. drive) one.

6. .................... you .................... (cook) anything interesting?

7. I...................................................................... (neg. - hear) what you

said. .........................................................................................................
you .......................... (repeat) that?

8. How many languages ................................you..........................(speak) ?

B. Write sentences about how old you were when you could do these things.
If you don’t know, take a guess!
I could read when I was only three years old!

1. read ........................................................................................................

2. talk ..........................................................................................................

3. walk ........................................................................................................

4. write ........................................................................................................

5. swim .......................................................................................................

6. drive ........................................................................................................

7. cook ........................................................................................................

8. ride a bike ...............................................................................................

C. Answer the questions about yourself:
1. Write two things that you can do but don’t like to do.
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Write two things that you can’t do and would like to do.
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

U4.4
 3. Write two things that you couldn’t do but now you can.
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

D. Make polite requests using Could + subject + verb.

You want your boss to pick you up at the airport.
Could you pick me up at the airport?
1. You’re at a gas station. You want the attendant to check the oil.
....................................................................................................................................................

2. You want your teacher to explain the exercise again.

....................................................................................................................................................

3. You want a student to turn off the laptop.

....................................................................................................................................................

4. You are at a restaurant. You want the waiter to bring you clean glasses.
....................................................................................................................................................

5. You want your teacher to speak more slowly.

....................................................................................................................................................

6. You need to concentrate but your classmate is talking loudly.

....................................................................................................................................................

7. You want to use your classmate’s pencil.

....................................................................................................................................................

8. You want to know where the restroom is in a restaurant.

....................................................................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL NEVER PHONED
HIS WIFE OR MOTHER BECAUSE THEY WERE DEAF.

U4.5
 SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. What can the people in your family do? Get together with a partner and discuss
the following topics. Consider the people below.
play a musical instrument? speak a foreign language?
play a sport? do something special or unusual?

Father Mother Brother Sister Aunt

Uncle Cousin Grandfather Grandmother In-laws

B. Listen to two kids talking about their parents and answer the following questions.

1. What can Sally’s father lift?

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Which languages can Sally’s father speak?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. What language can Jesse’s father speak?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Which instruments can Jesse’s father play?

....................................................................................................................................................

5. What else can Jesse’s father do?

....................................................................................................................................................

6. Who changes her mind, Sally or Jesse?

....................................................................................................................................................

U4.6
C. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of can or could.
Guy: – Excuse me, is that your car?
Fellow: – Yes it is. Why?

G. I’m sorry you ....................... park there.

F. I ....................... park here? Why not?

G. It’s a no parking zone until after seven pm. You ....................... park there
after seven.

F. But I need to park now. ....................... you tell me where I can park?

G. You ....................... go across the street to the parking lot.

F. No, I ....................... . I’m broke.

G. Well, I don’t know what to tell you.

F. Wait a second. ....................... you lend me five dollars to park my car?

G. No, I ....................... .

D. Number the sentences according to what you hear.

( ) No, William. Of course I couldn’t.

( ) Mozart could.

( ) You could? That’s wonderful.

( ) William, can you read music?

( ) Mrs. Sullivan, could you read music when you were ten?

( ) Yes, Mrs. Sullivan, I can. I could read music when I was ten.

( ) Really? Could you write music when you were eight?

( ) I could read music when I was eight, William.

U4.7
 HOMEWORK

A. Complete the sentences with vocabulary from the Speaking and Listening
section.

1. In Japan they speak ................................................................................

2. They speak Italian in ................................................................................

3. A person who can play a musical instrument is a ...................................

4. The opposite of stupid is .........................................................................

5. When you have no money you are ..........................................................

6. The opposite of weak is ............................................................................

7. You park you car in a ...............................................................................

8. When you have no money, you ask someone to .................. you some.

B. Put the following words in the correct order . They will form five different
questions.
1. YOU - WHEN - YOU - READ - PORTUGUESE - HOW - OLD - WERE -
COULD - ?
....................................................................................................................................................

2. HENRY - WORK - YESTERDAY - GO - TO - COULD - ?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. ALONE - JIMMY - FIRST - WHEN - COULD - TRAVEL - ?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. SPEAK - FOREIGN - CAN - YOU - LANGUAGES - ANY - ?

....................................................................................................................................................

5. WHEN - ONE - YOU - COULD - YOU - WALK - WERE - YEAR - OLD-?

....................................................................................................................................................

U4.8
C. Now match the questions from exercise B with the answers below.

1. Q: .............................................................................................................

A: No, he couldn’t. He was sick.

2. Q: .............................................................................................................

A: Yes, I probably could.

3. Q: .............................................................................................................

A: When he was sixteen.

4. Q: .............................................................................................................

A: I could read as well as write Portuguese when I was six years old.

5. Q: .............................................................................................................

A: Yes, I can speak English, German and a little Spanish.

D. Fill in the blanks with CAN, CAN’T, COULD or COULDN’T + one of the
following verbs, accordingly.

FINISH COME WAIT SING SPEAK

1. I’m afraid I ....................................... to your party on Friday.

2. When Sharon was 5, she was already very smart. She.......................

.................long songs from memory.

3. Anna ....................................... her homework last night. She was too tired.

4. ................... you .......................... a little louder? It’s very noisy in here.

5. I am sorry but I ....................................... any longer. I have to leave right

away.

U4.9
 E. Write about yourself.
1. Can you sing or play any musical instruments?
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Can you play any sports? Which ?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

3. Can you wake up early in the morning without problems?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Can you draw or paint pictures?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

5. Can you dance?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

WHEN ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL DIED IN
1922, EVERY TELEPHONE SERVED BY THE
BELL SYSTEM IN THE USA AND CANADA WAS
SILENT FOR ONE MINUTE.

U4.10
 REVIEW

1. When I was ten years old I ............. dance.

a. can c. could
b. can’t d. like

2. ............................ you close the door, please?

a. Could c. Can’t
b. Do d. Don’t

3. They ..................... play soccer because it was dark.

a. could c. can’t
b. couldn’t d. can

4. I feel ..................... than I felt yesterday.

a. good c. well
b. best d. better

5. She doesn’t know .......................... people here.

a. much c. a
b. more d. many

6. Mrs. Stewart likes her children. She’s giving ..................... some candy.
a. them c. they
b. their d. theirs

7. That was the ................................... vacation in my life.

a. good c. well
b. best d. better

8. I can’t play the piano, ...................... you?

a. Don’t c. Does
b. Can d. Are

9. She ...................... dance.

a. is c. can
b. like d. do
U4.11
 10. Bobby is working .......................... on his project.
a. hard c. very
b. hardly d. difficult
11. Did she have lunch at home? No, she ............................. .
a. didn’t have c. don’t
b. have not d. didn’t
12. Did you wash the dishes? Yes, I ......................................
a. did wash b. wash
c. did d. washed
13. They ................... a good western movie last night.
a. see c. seeing
b. to see d. saw
14. Paul didn’t .......... the bus.
a. take c. taking
b. took d. takes
15. Did she .............. pizza yesterday?
a. ate c. eat
b. eating d. eats
16. I .......................... in L.A. last week.
a. am c. were
b. was d. went
17. They often .......... until six o’clock.
a. working c. works
b. are working d. work
18. In your opinion, what is the ........... city in Brazil?
a. beautiful c. most beautiful
b. more beautiful d. very beautiful
19. Who is ............... , your mother or your father?
a. more old c. oldest
b. older d. the oldest
20. She ............................................... now.
a. is dancing c. dance
b. was dancing d. danced
U4.12
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 PART

THE SECRETARY
1 Carol Williams is always in a hurry. She owns a travel agency and has three
2 kids. When she is not at her office or traveling, she is taking care of her family.
3 She always has something to do. It’s Monday morning, and, as usual, Carol is
4 in a rush. She’s on the phone with her secretary, Sandra.
5 CAROL: Is there anything on my schedule today, Sandra?

6 SANDRA: Let’s see. You have Jim Burton at 10:00, then something else at 10:30.
7 Lisa, Elisa? I can’t read my writing.
8 CAROL: Elisa? That’s the doctor. I can’t get there on time. Call her and cancel
9 for me. Anything else?
10 SANDRA: No, but there’s someone, a client, that would like to see you about
11 something important. Can you see him at 11:00?
12 CAROL: Sandra, I told you I can’t talk to anybody unless I know their name and
13 what it’s about. Do you know what he wants?

14 SANDRA: Sorry, he didn’t say anything.

U5.1
 15 CAROL: You have to ask, Sandra. And nothing in the afternoon, right?
16 SANDRA: No, you have something at 3:15 and at 5:00.
17 CAROL: Sandra, I told you not to make any appointments this afternoon. I have
18 to be at the airport at 2:00 pm. By the way, did you arrange the limosine?
19 SANDRA: What limosine? Nobody told me anything about a limosine. I can’t
20 know everything!
21 CAROL: Well, I’m going to tell you something right now.
22 SANDRA: What’s that?
23 CAROL: You’re fired!

A. Carol needs a new secretary to replace Sandra. Which of the following is

better and why? Work with a partner and decide.

1 Name: Deborah Brown 2 Name: Pamela White

20 years old - basic computer
skills only - speaks Spanish, Eng-
lish, and German - single - model
for one year - very beautiful -
speaks very well - cheerful and
friendly - athletic - high school
diploma - no experience
Salary: US$ 1200
52 years old - knows all vital com-
puter programs - speaks seven
languages fluently - single - thirty
years experience - good at Math
- bachelor’s degree in Business
Administration - referred by your
father
Salary: US$ 2500

3 Name: John Lu 4 Name: Stella Springs

23 years old - very good with com-
puter -speaks Chinese, English,
Portuguese and Spanish - single
- one child - two years experience
- wants to be an actor -friendly
and very goodlooking - bachelor’s
degree in Public Relations - Spent
3 months in jail for stealing; got out
early for good behavior
Salary: US$ 1800
38 years old - can’t use comput-
ers - speaks only English - just
divorced, two children - no experi-
ence - friendly and talkative - very
rich - plays bridge, swims and loves
dancing - good at Math - bachelor’s
degree in Fine Arts - referred by
your wife
Salary: US$ 500

U5.2
SOME / ANY / NO / EVERY
COMPOUND PRONOUNS
PART
B
We use compound pronouns to substitute people, things and places.
There are certain rules about how we use them:
All of the compound pronouns are considered singular and are conjugated
that way.
SOME is used in affirmative sentences and in interrogatives when we
expect or want people to answer yes, for example in requests and offers.
Something is very wrong here.
Would you like to go somewhere for the holiday?
ANY is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
I don’t have anything to say about it.
Did anybody talk to Greg today?
NO has a negative meaning but is used in a sentence without any other
negative expressions.
Nobody told me about the change in schedule.
EVERY can be used in all sentences and has the meaning of ALL.
Did you do everything you needed to do? (all of the things)
We don’t have everybody in class today. (all the people)

Below are the different compounds that can be made by combining SOME,
ANY, NO and EVERY with body, one, thing and where.

SOME ANY NO EVERY

(+) (-) (?) (+) (+) (-) (?)

PEOPLE somebody anybody nobody everybody

PEOPLE someone anyone no one everyone

OBJECTS something anything nothing everything

PLACES somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere

Compounds using BODY and ONE mean the same thing.

Somebody is waiting for you.

U5.3
 A. Change the following sentences from the affirmative to the negative form.

1. There is someone in the hall.

....................................................................................................................................................

2. The postman brought something for you.

....................................................................................................................................................

3. I want to go somewhere tonight.

....................................................................................................................................................

4. She spoke to somebody about her problem.

....................................................................................................................................................

5. That man knows something about the crime.

....................................................................................................................................................

6. There’s someone watching TV at the moment.

....................................................................................................................................................

7. Irene gave her dog something to eat.

....................................................................................................................................................

8. You’ll have to talk to somebody at nine.

....................................................................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

SECRETARY’S DAY IS CELEBRATED ON
APRIL 24TH IN THE UNITED STATES
AND ON SEPTEMBER 30TH IN BRAZIL.

“APPRECIATION IS A WONDERFUL THING.

IT MAKES WHAT IS EXCELLENT IN
OTHERS BELONG TO US AS WELL.”
VOLTAIRE
U5.44
B. Answer the questions according to the symbol. Look at the example.
Is there anybody outside? (-)
No, there isn’t anybody outside.
1. Is there anybody waiting for me? (+)
....................................................................................................................................................

2. Is there anything I can do? ( - )

....................................................................................................................................................

3. Is there anything important for today? (+)

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Does Ray have anybody to help him? ( - )

....................................................................................................................................................

5. Did you tell anybody our secret? ( - )

....................................................................................................................................................

C. Replace the underlined expressions with the compound pronouns as shown

in the example.
I traveled to Miami on my last vacation.
I traveled somewhere on my last vacation.

1. I bought a new camera.

....................................................................................................................................................

2. I met a famous movie star at the hotel.

....................................................................................................................................................

3. I didn’t go to interesting places.

....................................................................................................................................................

4. I ate lobster and shrimp.

....................................................................................................................................................

5. I didn’t drink champagne or wine.

....................................................................................................................................................

U5.5
 D. Fill in the blanks with everybody, everyone, everything or everywhere.
1. He lost .............................................. in the fire: his house and all his
possessions. ..................................... feels very sorry for him.
2. Lucy is the only one at school now. ..................................else went home.
3. Where is my English dictionary?
I’ve looked ........... for it. .................... I ask tells me they don’t have it.

E. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate compound pronoun.

Franc always goes out ......................... to have dinner. He normally drinks

......................... with his meals. For the first course he loves to eat ...........................
cold, like a salad. For the main course he doesn’t eat ......................... heavy. He’s
on a diet. He doesn’t have ......................... for dessert either. He doesn’t like to
have dinner alone, so he always invites ......................... to go out with him. Today
he is dating ......................... very special. She is so attractive that .........................
in the restaurant looked at her when they entered.

DID YOU KNOW?

“SOMETHING” IS UNQUESTIONABLY GEORGE HARRISON’S MOST
FAMOUS COMPOSITION. IT IS ALSO ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR
BEATLES BALLADS OF ALL, REACHING NUMBER ONE AS PART OF A
DOUBLE-SIDED SINGLE (WITH “COME TOGETHER”) IN LATE 1969, AND
OTHER THAN “YESTERDAY,” IT MIGHT BE THE MOST FREQUENTLY
COVERED BEATLES COMPOSITION.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_XG_YlTPPQ
U5.6
 SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. Match the descriptions with the definitions on the right.

( ) something to drink 1. chef

( ) someone who serves 2. meal

( ) somewhere to sit 3. soda

( ) something to look at 4. waiter

( ) someone who cooks 5. seat

( ) something you have at a restaurant 6. menu

B. Answer these questions according to what you hear.

1. What does he usually have on Monday nights?
....................................................................................................................................................

2. What are they going to have tonight?

....................................................................................................................................................

3. What does he think about her perfume?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Why is she wearing that perfume?

....................................................................................................................................................

5. What was the question he asked her?

....................................................................................................................................................

6. What was her reaction?

....................................................................................................................................................

U5.7
 C. Fill in the blanks with the correct compound pronoun.

Kim – I think there is ......................... in my eye.

Can you see ......................... ?

Cam – Hold on a second. Look up. Look down. No, I can’t see ..........................
There is ......................... in your eye.

Kim – Well it doesn’t feel like ......................... . It feels like .........................

Cam – Maybe there’s ......................... wrong with your head.

Robert – Hey, Julia. Did you see my glasses ......................... ? I looked

......................... for them but I can’t seem to find them ......................... .

Julia – I don’t think you looked ......................... .

Robert – No, I did. There is ......................... that I didn’t look.

Julia - I think there is ......................... that you didn’t look.

Robert – Oh yeah? And where is that ......................... ?

Julia – On your face.

Robert – Oh yeah. Thanks.

"I MUST DO SOMETHING" ALWAYS SOLVES MORE

PROBLEMS THAN "SOMETHING MUST BE DONE."
AUTHOR UNKNOWN

U5.8
 HOMEWORK

A. Complete the sentences with an appropriate word from the box.

Monday perfume drink menu waiter Saturday

1. I called the .................. because I wanted to order something.

2. But first I asked for the ...................... because I didn’t know what I wanted.

3. I was very thirsty so I asked for something to ................. .

4. She smelled nice because she was wearing. ................. .

5. ................................... is the day before Sunday.

6. ..................................... is the day after Sunday.

B. Fill in the blanks with a compound pronoun.

1. There’s .................. knocking at the door. It must be John.

2. The doctor didn’t find ...........................wrong with Lisa. There was

.............................. to worry about. .......................................was all right.

3. Did you hear ........................................ say .............................. about me?

4. Would you like ......................................to drink?

5. There’s .................. wrong with this printer. It is not working.

6. You can’t drink ................................. tonight. You’re driving us back home.

7. I can’t find the book ...............................................................

But I left it .............................................around here.

8. ............................... came to Larry’s party. He was very unhappy.

U5.9
 C. Change the following sentences into the negative two ways: first with NO
and then with ANY. Look at the example.
Sandy talked to somebody on the phone.
Sandy talked to nobody on the phone.
Sandy didn’t talk to anybody on the phone.
1. She wrote something in the appointment book.
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. She got some messages from somebody.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

3. She put the book somewhere in the room.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Carol has some reasons to keep Sandy’s job.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

D. Write about yourself.

1. Do you ever buy anything second-hand?
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Do you know anyone who lives in Europe?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

3. Can you cook anything special?

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

U5.10
 REVIEW

1. I don’t know .............................................. at the bank.

a. nobody c. someone
b. no one d. anyone
2. I think there’s ............................................ at home.
a. everyone c. anybody
b. someone d. anyone
3. She has .................................................... to tell you.
a. something c. no one
b. some thing d. anything
4. Jo Soares is ............................................. than Luciano Huck.
a. more fat c. fattest
b. fatter d. the fattest
5. Let’s go ..................................................... to dance.
a. where c. somewhere
b. nowhere d. something
6. What ......................................................... of the new teacher’s class?
a. did you thought c. you thought
b. did you think d. do you thought
7. They make the ......................................... burgers in town.
a. better c. best
b. good d. well
8. We .............................................. go to the show last night. Was it good?
a. can c. can’t
b. could d. couldn’t
9. She was making dinner when he .............. home.
a. came c. come
b. was coming d. comes

U5.11
 10. The telegram .......................................... at nine o’clock yesterday.
a. is arriving c. arrived
b. was arriving d. arrives
11. I was doing the shopping while you ........ tennis.
a. plays c. are playing
b. were playing d. play
12. They are giving away .............................. of their old furniture.
a. any c. few
b. many d. some
13. ................................................................ is not an irregular verb.
a. go c. do
b. spend d. walk
14. I don’t have ............................................. to do tonight.
a. something c. anything
b. nothing d. everything
15. John did very .......................................... on the test.
a. worse c. badly
b. bad d. worst
16. ................................................................. to help with the dishes.
a. I asked she c. Me asked she
b. I asked her d. Me asked her
17. The boys are too ..................................... !
a. noisily c. quietly
b. noisy d. loudly
18. I need a doctor ........................................ !
a. immediate c. urgent
b. immediately d. slow
19. ...................... a lot of people at the doctor’s office yesterday morning.
a. There was c. There is
b. There were d. There are
20. I looked .................... for my wallet, but I still can’t find it.
a. anywhere c. nowhere
b. somewhere d. everywhere

U5.12
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 PART A

THE GOOD OLD DAYS!

1 GRANDPA: You know son, things used to be so different back in my days.
2 GRANDSON: You always say that.
3 GRANDPA: It’s true. It used to be so much calmer. We used to play soccer in the
4 streets. We didn’t use to have traffic like we do nowadays. We used to
5 walk to school and we didn’t use to worry about thieves. Things used to be
6 so much better.
7 GRANDSON: Yeah, but you didn’t use to have computers or cable TV back then.
8 When you were a kid you used to listen to the soap operas on the radio.
9 And if you wanted to talk to a friend, you used to have to go over his house.
10 You didn’t have MSN or e-mail.
11 GRANDPA:But we used to do other things. We used to go exploring all over town.
12 We used to go fishing. We didn’t use to need our mothers to drive us to go
13 swimming.
14 GRANDSON: You mean you used to walk?

U6.1
 15 GRANDPA: Yes, and we didn’t use to have shopping malls either. We used to make
16 our own toys.
17 GRANDSON: And you’re proud of that?
18 GRANDPA: You bet I am!

A. What were the pros and cons of “the good old days”? Make two lists.

PROS
1 ...................................................
2 ...................................................
3 ...................................................
4 ...................................................
5 ...................................................
CONS
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................
.....................................................

B. Interview your classmate and find out if he used to do the things below. Ask
and answer like this:
Did you use to live in another town?
Yes, I did. I used to live in Montes Claros when I was five.

1. live in another town

2. go to a different school

3. have long hair

4. suck his thumb

5. fight with his siblings

6. play dodgeball

7. play a musical instrument

8. love Xuxa

C. Now talk about three other things you used to do when you were younger.
Make sentences with used to (past) and but now (present).
I used to live in a house, but now I live in an apartment.

U6.2
USED TO
PART B
We use Used to when we want to talk about a habit in the past that we
stopped doing or that is different now. We never use Used to to talk about
the present; to talk about present habits we simply use the Simple Present.

Here’s how we use Used to

Affirmative sentences: used to + verb

I used to love her. (now I don’t love her)
Negative sentences: didn’t use to + verb
I didn’t use to speak Portuguese. (now I speak Portuguese)
Questions: Did + subject + use to + verb
Did you use to go to the opera? (not now, but in the past)
Short Answers:
Yes, I did. OR No, I didn’t.

A. Complete with used to and the verb in parentheses.

1. .......................................................... (Bob - live) in Chicago?

2. Bob .................................................. (neg. - sit) in the front row.

3. Carl .................................................. (play) with his friends in his backyard.

4. People .............................................. (believe) the world was flat.

5. My mother ......................................... (have) a maid.

6. Where ............................................... (you - go) on vacation?

7. Ronnie ............................................... (neg. - be) so fat.

8. When I was a child, I ........................................... (cry) a lot.

9. Kate ............................................. (go) to the movies three times a week.

10. When I was little, I ............................. (be) afraid of the dark.

U6.3
 B. Complete the sentences using used to or the Simple Present, as appropriate.
They used to live in a small town but now they live in a big city.

1. Simon .......................................... (work) as a doctor’s

assistant, but now he .................................... (have) his own clientele.

2. My brother ................................... (not / eat) liver when he was a child,

but now he ................................... (love) it.

3. That shop ..................................... (be) a grocery store when I was a child.

Now it ........................................... (be) a supermarket.

4. When we were children, we ............................... (go) to my grandma’s

house every summer. Now we .......................... (go) to the beach.

5. He ................................................ (watch) TV every night.

Now he ........................................ (study) at night.

C. Write two more sentences for each of the key sentences below.
I used to be very shy.
I didn’t use to have any friends.
I used to stay home on the weekends.
1. He used to be afraid of flying.
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. He used to be a naughty boy.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

U6.4
 3. They used to be very good soccer players.
....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

4. I used to take the bus.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

5. My mother used to make lunch on Sundays.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

D. Write sentences about your life when you were younger using used to in the
negative or affirmative as appropriate.
1. go to school alone when you were five years old
....................................................................................................................................................

2. travel with friends

....................................................................................................................................................

3. eat at fancy restaurants

....................................................................................................................................................

4. live in a big house

....................................................................................................................................................

5. get up early
....................................................................................................................................................

6. get up late
....................................................................................................................................................

7. go to bed early
....................................................................................................................................................

8. watch TV all afternoon

....................................................................................................................................................

U6.5
 E. Work with a partner and answer the questions in complete sentences.
What did you use to do...

1. ... on your summer vacation when you were a child?

2. ... after school when you were a teenager?

3. ... in class when you were in elementary school?

I USED TO...
YES OR NO??

U6.6
SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. You are going to hear about how Frank’s life changed after he got married, and
how Bill’s life changed after he moved to Brazil. What’s your opinion? How do
you think their lives used to be and how are they now? Think about the things
below:

where he used to live

what he used to do at night

what he used to do on the weekend

when he used to get up and go to bed

what he used to eat

B. Now listen to and circle the things Frank used to do and underline the
things he does now. Then talk about the things he does and the things he
used to do.

live in a tiny apartment get up after ten o’clock

go out with friends at night walk to the café

stay home drive his wife to work

watch television eat at home

play video games eat out

sleep late live in a house

get up at seven

U6.7
 C. Complete the sentences with the verb in the appropriate form.

Bill’s life is so different nowadays. He used to .................. a big breakfast

with bacon, eggs and toast. Now that he lives in Brazil he only ..................some

coffee and bread. At lunch he used to ..................a sandwich or something quick

to eat. Now he ..................home for lunch and ..................a meal. And he used

to ..................his own clothes but now somebody ..................his clothes for him.

For dinner, he used to .................. out a lot but now he usually just ..................a

light snack for himself at home.

At night he used to ..................sitcoms but now he ..................Brazilian soap

operas. On the weekends he used to ..................bowling in jeans and a t-shirt but

now he ..................up and ..................at nightclubs until five in the morning. Bill

used to ..................a car with an automatic transmission, but now he ..................a

standard shift and ..................across town. And now when he ..................the

street he always looks twice!

D. Contrast the sound of used to and the Simple Present (third person: es after
ss, sh, ch, x, g, c). Listen and repeat.

He didn’t use to dance a lot. Now he dances every weekend.

He used to dress badly. Now he dresses the latest fashions.

He didn’t use to watch a lot of TV. Now he watches TV all the time.

He used to change his mind a lot. Now he never changes his mind.

He didn’t use to wash his car. Now he washes his car once a week.

He used to call a handyman. Now he fixes things himself.

U6.8
 HOMEWORK

A. Write 5 sentences or a short story about how Frank’s life changed after getting
married (Speaking and Listening), using some of the vocabulary below.

house wife to get up early to play cards

at night home husband to sleep late

to watch television in the morning small apartment restaurant

to go out to drive to work in the afternoon different

the same to stay home to have meals in the evening

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................................................

U6.9
 B. Compare what Sarah used to do ten years ago and what she does now.
Write sentences like the example.
She used to do nothing but now she helps with the chores.
1. eat a lot of junk food 1. eat healthy food
2. complain about everything 2. try to do something productive
3. watch TV all weekend 3. go out on weekends
4. not read 4. read lots of books
5. live downtown 5. live in the country
1. .................................................................................................................

2. .................................................................................................................

3. .................................................................................................................

4. .................................................................................................................

5. .................................................................................................................

C. Andrew’s lifestyle has changed. He stopped doing the things in box I and
started doing the things in box II. Write sentences about him using
USED TO and DIDN’T USE TO.
Box I Box II
SLEEP LATE EAT A BIG BREAKFAST
DRIVE TO WORK GO TO WORK BY BUS
SMOKE GO OUT ON WEEKENDS
WATCH TALK SHOWS ON TV VISIT HIS FRIENDS

1. He used to sleep late.

2. He didn’t use to eat a big breakfast.
3. .................................................................................................................
4. .................................................................................................................
5. .................................................................................................................
6. .................................................................................................................
7. .................................................................................................................
8. .................................................................................................................

U6.10
D. Now, write about some of the things that changed in your life. Use exercise
C as a model.

1. .................................................................................................................

2. .................................................................................................................

3. .................................................................................................................

4. .................................................................................................................

5. .................................................................................................................

6. .................................................................................................................

DID YOU KNOW?

DURING THE 6TH CENTURY, IT USED TO BE

CUSTOMARY TO CONGRATULATE PEOPLE
WHO SNEEZED BECAUSE IT WAS THOUGHT
THAT THEY WERE EXPELLING EVIL FROM
THEIR BODIES.

BILL GATES USED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE

OF HIS KNOWLEDGE TO MEET GIRLS!! HE
MADE SURE TO “PRELOAD” HIMSELF INTO
AN ENGLISH CLASS WITH A DOZEN GIRLS
AND NO OTHER BOYS.

U6.11
 REVIEW

1. When I was a boy I ......................... play soccer.

a. did c. used to
b. use to d. used

2. Did you ............................................ to dance when you were young?

a. use c. using
b. used d. went

3. We used to ...................................... a lot when we were younger.

a. working c. worked
b. work d. works

4. When she was 16 years old she ..... .............drive fast.

a. used to c. can’t
b. can d. used

5. When I was ten years old I .............. to dance.

a. used c. can’t
b. can d. could

6. ......................................................... you open the door, please?

a. Could c. Did
b. Do d. Don’t

7. I like Japanese food ......................... than Chinese food.

a. good c. better
b. well d. best

U6.12
8. Martha learns very ........................... .
a. quick c. rapid
b. fast d. slow
9. ......................................................... book is interesting.
a. These c. Those
b. There d. This
10. When I was younger I ..................... run five miles without stopping.
a. can c. used
b. can’t d. could
11. Did .................................................. tell John about the party?
a. someone c. somebody
b. anyone d. everybody
12. She lives ......................................... the first floor.
a. at c. in
b. on d. to
13. This was the .................................... day of my life!
a. bad c. worst
b. worse d. badly
14. Tim and Jen .................................... go out but now they don’t.
a. used c. used to
b. use to d. use
15. Is that her car or my car? It’s .......... .
a. her c. hers
b. she d. his
16................................................... loves Raymond but no one loves his brother.
a. Everything c. Anybody
b. Nobody d. Everybody

U6.13
 17. ......................................................................................... is not an irregular
verb.
a. Get c. Fly
b. Try d. Sing
18. What ............................................... at 10:00 last night?
a. you did c. you were doing
b. did you d. were you doing
19. ......................................................................................... a guest speaker in
the classroom last week.
a. There were c. Have
b. There was d. Had
20. Jimmy ............................................. an ice cream cone.
a. would likes c. like
b. would like d. would

DID YOU KNOW?

THE FIGURES BELOW REPRESENT TOTAL AREAS, COVERING LAND AND
INLAND WATER BODIES (LAKES, RESERVOIRS, RIVERS). SOME ENTRIES
MAY ALSO INCLUDE MARINE INTERNAL WATERS (COASTAL WATERS).

U6.14
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 PART A

EARTH REPORT
1 Scientists do not agree on what will happen because of global warming.
2 But most studies say that we will have climate changes. A study by the British
3 government says that the Amazon Rainforest will be dead in fifty years. Other
4 studies say the polar ice caps will melt and sea levels will rise.
5 Critics of these theories say that we can’t know what will happen. Studies vary
6 considerably. Some say that by 2100 temperatures will rise 1 degree celsius
7 and others say that they will rise 6 degrees. More cautious scientists affirm that
8 temperatures will continue to rise but won’t say how much.
9 In Brazil, environmental discussions revolve around the Amazon Rainforest.
10 Soon Brazil will begin operating Sivam, a radar system that will monitor the
11 Amazon. Officials say that it will give them a way to control illegal activities like
12 fires and mining as well as drug trafficking. Says ex-President Fernando Henrique
13 Cardoso, “With Sivam we won’t have any excuses. Brazilians will have to take
14 responsibility as guardians of the world’s largest rainforest.’
15 But what can a regular citizen do about global warming? We asked some people
16 what they are going to do to protect the environment. Here’s what they said:

U7.1
 17 “I’m going to start recycling more.”
18 “I’m going to drive less and walk more.”
19 “I’m going to be more careful about the way I use water and electricity.”
20 “I’m going to press companies and politicians to be more responsible.”
21 “I’m going to stop using disposable products.”
22 What about you? What are you going to do?

A. Write questions for the answers given below.

1... ................................................................................................................
The British government.

2.... ...............................................................................................................
Temperatures will continue to rise.

3... ................................................................................................................
It’s a radar system that will monitor the Amazon.

4... ................................................................................................................
Illegal activities like fires, mining and drug trafficking.

5... ................................................................................................................
What they are going to do about the environment.

B. Talk about your predictions and plans. Use will for predictions and am / are
/ is + going to for plans.

Predictions Plans

Brazilian soccer champion Next vacation

Next president This weekend

Your city in 50 years Your birthday

U7.2
FUTURE - WILL AND GOING TO PART
B
To talk about the future, we use Going to or Will. Generally, they have two
different functions but in some cases either Going to or Will can be used.
When talking about plans, arrangements and events that are certain to
happen in the future we use Going to. Take a look at the models:

Subject am / is / are going to verb complement

We are going to have fun tonight.
Paul isn’t going to take the test.

Questions invert the subject: AM / IS / ARE

Is Robert going to come with us?

When making predictions (what we think will happen in the future) and
decisions at the moment we are speaking, we use Will, as below:

Subject will verb complement

The Mets will win the World Series this year.
The Yankees will not / won’t win the World Series this year.

Questions invert the subject: WILL

Will you help me with this?

A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of will.

1. Would someone get my glasses for me?

I ........................................................ (do) it.
2. She’s studying a lot. I’m sure she ..................................................(pass)
the entrance exams.
3. The weatherman says it ...........................................................(neg-rain)
tomorrow. So we can go on a picnic.

U7.3
 4. Do you think the guys ........................ (come) to our party? I hope so.
5. They .................................................. (neg-arrive) on time. They’re at home
and the show starts in one minute.

B. Complete the sentences using the correct form of am / is / are + going to.
1. What ............................................. (you - do) this weekend?
2. Sherry ........................................... (buy) a new car soon.
3. Henry ............................................. (neg. - watch) the game with us.
4. Brad and Janet ............................. ..............(get married) next June.
5. We ................................................. (meet) at the mall at six o’clock.

C. Complete the sentences with be going to or will, and the verbs in parentheses.
1. Why are you turning on the television?
Because I .................... (watch) my favorite TV show.
2. I have a terrible headache.
Do you? Sit down and I ................................................................ (get) you
an aspirin.
3. Bob, turn down the volume because I........................................ (study).
4. I don’t know what to do. Wait a moment. I have an idea. I .....................
(read) my e-mails.
5. Chris told me that he..................................(travel) to Canada next month.
6. Did you buy the bread?
Oh, I forgot. I ................................ (go) back to the store and get some.
7. Look at that man on top of building. He......................................(jump).
8. I don’t think the test ............................................. (be) very difficult.

D. Now write five sentences (negative or affirmative) about your plans or plans
of people you know for the upcoming weeks or months. Use Be + going to.
1. .................................................................................................................
2. .................................................................................................................
3. .................................................................................................................
4. .................................................................................................................
5. .................................................................................................................

U7.4
SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. What will the world be like in fifty years? Discussion.

B. Look at the questions below and think of your answers to the questions. Work
in groups and discuss your answers.
1. What things does Professor Finnigan predict will disappear in the next 50
years?
....................................................................................................................................................

2. According to the professor, what will be the down side of the future?
....................................................................................................................................................

3. What does she think will happen to Hollywood and why?

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Why does she say that people will live longer?

....................................................................................................................................................

5. What questions does the Professor have about the future?

....................................................................................................................................................

C. Listen to the people talking about what they are going to do on their next
vacation and fill in the blanks below.

What they are going to do Why

1. ...................................................... ......................................................

2. ...................................................... ......................................................

3. ...................................................... ......................................................

4. ...................................................... ......................................................

5. ...................................................... ......................................................

U7.5
 D. Native speakers do not typically say “I will” but rather the contracted version,
“I’ll”. Practice pronouncing the contracted form of the future with WILL.

I’LL I’ll be there in a second.

YOU’LL You’ll be the most beautiful girl at the prom.
HE’LL He’ll ask his mother for some money.
SHE’LL She’ll be home in a few minutes.
IT’LL It’ll be great to see her again.
WE’LL We’ll try to get home before ten.
YOU’LL You’ll need to get shots before traveling.
THEY’LL They’ll speak to the principal tomorrow.

DID YOU KNOW?

RECYCLING IS GOING TO CHANGE THE PLANET!! IT TURNS MATERIALS
THAT WOULD OTHERWISE BECOME WASTE INTO VALUABLE RESOURCES.
COLLECTING USED BOTTLES, CANS, AND NEWSPAPERS AND TAKING
THEM TO THE CURB OR TO A COLLECTION FACILITY IS JUST THE FIRST
IN A SERIES OF STEPS. IT WILL GENERATE A HOST OF FINANCIAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL, AND SOCIAL RETURNS. SOME OF THESE BENEFITS
WILL ACT LOCALLY AS WELL AS GLOBALLY.
RECYCLING CANS WILL SAVE 95% OF THE ENERGY
REQUIRED TO MAKE ALUMINUM, OR THE EQUIVALENT
OF 18 MILLION BARRELS OF OIL.

U7.6
 HOMEWORK

A. Complete the sentences below with words or expressions from the box.

diseases fossil fuels replaced developments

on the down side freedom keyboard environment

1. A ................................ is what we use to type with on the computer.

2. Gas, oil and coal are examples of ................................... .

3. .................................... is what you don’t have when you are in prison.

4. Cancer, AIDS and diabetes are all ................................... .

5. We need to take care of the ............................................. by recycling and

conserving.

6. The good thing about the future is that we’ll have more choices;
......................................................... , we’ll have less time.

7. Because of medical ......................... , people are living longer.

8. The computer has ............................................................ the typewriter.

B. Fill in the blanks with a form of “WILL” or “BE GOING TO”, as required.
1. My parents ....................................... visit me next weekend.
2. The weatherman says it .................................................. rain tomorrow.
3. I don’t think she ............................... arrive before noon. She left too late.
4. Did you go to the dentist yesterday?
No, but I ........................................... see him today.
5. I’d like to see the menu.
(A little later) I ................................... have the steak, please.
6. Tony ................................................. probably be home late this evening.

U7.7
 7. Kim .................................................. come with us to the movies tonight.

She ................................................... study for the math test.

8. Hold on a second. I ......................... help you with the picture.

9. I’ve got some great news! You ......................................... never believe it!

10. Look at those black clouds! It .......................................... rain.

C. Write questions using “do you think...will? + one of the verbs below.

like come back cost happen call

Dave and Brenda are in love.

Do you think they will get married?

1. Yesterday I bought my mother a present.

....................................................................................................................................................

2. My car needs to be fixed.

How much .............................................................................................................................

3. The situation is uncertain.

What .........................................................................................................................................

4. They are leaving now.

What time ...............................................................................................................................

5. I gave him my number.

....................................................................................................................................................

U7.8
 REVIEW

1. I .......................................to see a movie tonight. Do you want to come?

a. going c. am going
b. will d. won’t
2. ........................................help me with the groceries? They’re heavy!
a. Will you c. Are you
b. Did you d. You are going to
3. Teresa did very ................................ on the final exam.
a. good c. terrible
b. bad d. well
4. The last president was ..................... this one.
a. best c. better than
b. better d. worse
5. Bob and Sally ..................the beach.
a. going to c. goes
b. are going to d. is going to
6. Daniel .............................smoke, but now he doesn’t.
a. use c. didn’t
b. used to d. use to
7. That was the ....................cake I ever tasted!
a. delicious c. very delicious
b. more delicious d. most delicious
8. .........................................is here. Let’s start the meeting.
a. No one c. Somebody
b. Someone d. Everyone
9. I .......................................Paula yesterday; she looked great!
a. see c. saw
b. seeing d. sees

10. ......................................... live in N.Y.?

a. You used c. Did you used to
b. Do you used to d. Did you use to
U7.9
 11. Ann loves ........................mother.
a. she c. hers
b. her d. she’s
12. We have three children. We love .................................... .
a. our c. ours
b. them d. us
13. Did ...................................here order a pizza?
a. something c. nobody
b. anybody d. everywhere
14. I have three brothers; Joe is ............................................ .
a. the old c. the oldest
b. the older d. older than
15. Joe ...................................eat onions, but now he does.
a. used to c. didn’t use to
b. use to d. didn’t used to
16. I promise I .......................come to your party.
a. going to c. am going
b. will d. will go to
17. I’m sure Mary and Daisy .................................................. pass the exams.
a. going to c. are
b. will to d. will
18. I ........................................the doctor next Tuesday.
a. seeing c. see
b. did see d. am going to see
19. ...........you ......................watch TV tonight?
a. Are / will c. Are / going to
b. Will / go to d. Is / going to

20. They ................................travel to India tomorrow morning.

a. are c. are going to
b. will d. aren’t going

U7.10
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 PART A

MUSIC TO MY EARS
1 SANDY: What kind of music do you like?
2 DENNIS: Good music.
3 SANDY: Seriously. You like the Beatles, don’t you?
4 DENNIS: Yeah, they’re my favorites. Music nowadays isn’t very interesting, is it?
5 SANDY: Oh come on, there is some good music, isn’t there?
6 DENNIS: Maybe. But for example, techno. You don’t like techno, do you?
7 SANDY: As a matter of fact, I love it. I love to dance. You dance, don’t you?
8 DENNIS: Not really. You went to Brazil, didn’t you? They have great music, don’t
9 they?
10 SANDY: Yeah, and they have all kinds of music: axé, samba, pagode, MPB.
11 DENNIS: MPB? What’s that?
12 SANDY: You know Caetano Veloso and Gilberto Gil, don’t you? That’s MPB.
13 DENNIS: OK. And what about Kelly Key? She isn’t MPB, is she?
14 SANDY: No, Dennis. You listen to more than just the Beatles, don’t you?
15 DENNIS: Yeah, I like jazz and bossa nova, the blues ...

U8.1
 16 SANDY: You’re not serious, are you? That’s old people’s music! I bet you like
17 classical too, don’t you?
18 DENNIS: Well, yes, I do. But mostly I like pop and rock from the 60s and 70s.
19 There’s nothing like it, is there?
20 SANDY: Yeah, some of the old stuff is pretty good.
21 DENNIS: Old stuff?

A. Complete the questions about the dialogue using tag questions. Look back
at the dialogue if you need help.

1. Dennis likes the Beatles, .......................................................................?

2. Sandy likes techno, ...............................................................................?

3. Sandy can dance, .................................................................................?

4. Dennis and Sandy are talking about music, ..........................................?

5. There is a lot of different music in Brazil, ...............................................?

6. Kelly Key isn’t MPB, ..............................................................................?

7. Dennis is old, .........................................................................................?

8. Sandy and Dennis like pop and rock, ....................................................?

B. What kind of music do you like? Write down everything you know about your
favorite singer, band or musician. Now, exchange papers with a classmate
and take turns confirming the information using tag questions.
The Beatles - John, Paul, George and Ringo - came from Liverpool - broke
up in 1970
There were four of them, weren’t there?
They came from Liverpool, didn’t they?
They broke up in 1970, didn’t they?

U8.2
 PART
B
TAG QUESTIONS

We use Tag questions to confirm. We make this question after an

affirmative or negative main clause. The tag always consists of an auxiliary
verb and the subject repeated, usually a pronoun.
Follow the three steps below to make tag questions.

1. In the question part, repeat the auxiliary verb from the main clause
Ex.: John doesn’t play the piano, does he?
If there is no auxiliary verb, use do, does, or did (depending on time and
person) in the tag question.
Ex.: You live here, don’t you?
*Auxiliary verbs: do, does, did, am, is, are, can, could, will, would, shall,
should, must

2. If the main clause is affirmative, the tag question is negative.

If the main clause is negative, the tag question is affirmative.
You love him, don’t you? (Aff. - Neg.)
He didn’t go, did he? (Neg. - Aff.)

3. Identify the subject, to know which pronoun you will use.

Mary and Joe are happy, aren’t they?
*Exceptions:
When the main clause has I am, the tag question is aren’t I?
I’m a student, aren’t I?
For imperative sentences use WILL YOU in the tag question.
Turn that music down, will you?

U8.3
 A. Complete the tag questions with the appropriate pronoun.

1. John and I are next in line, aren’t ............................................... ?

2. This painting is beautiful, isn’t .................................................... ?

3. Thomas will be at the party, won’t .............................................. ?

4. Bill and Ted had an excellent adventure, ................................... ?

5. You and your sister both speak French, don’t ........................... ?

6. The Smith’s aren’t going to travel, are ....................................... ?

7. My wife and her sister didn’t leave already, did .......................... ?

8. Big Brother is a stupid TV show, isn’t ........................................ ?

B. Add a tag question to each of the sentences below. Use pronouns in the tag
question.
1. Paula Fernandes is a great singer, ...................................................... ?

2. Kevin and Joe are going out, ............................................................... ?

3. Lynn and Martha were tired, ................................................................ ?

4. You and your brother play soccer, ........................................................ ?

5. You will talk to George tonight, ............................................................. ?

6. Susan went home, ............................................................................... ?

7. They can understand me, .................................................................... ?

8. We could travel to the USA, ................................................................. ?

9. Matt isn’t going to the concert, ............................................................. ?

10. You studied for the test, ..................................................................... ?

11. Megan isn’t pregnant, ......................................................................... ?

12. John and Kelly aren’t married, ........................................................... ?

13. Paula isn’t French, ............................................................................. ?

U8.4
 14. I’m not crazy, ...................................................................................... ?

15.There are a lot of people here,............................................................. ?

16.Mary wouldn’t like to come with us, ..................................................... ?

17.Tom lives with his grandparents, .......................................................... ?

18.Randy used to live in Australia, ............................................................ ?

C. Write down two things about yourself for each of the categories below.
Use the appropriate verb tenses.

1. Something you do every day.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

2. Something you did last year.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

3. Something you are going to do next month.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

4. Something you used to do (but don’t do anymore).

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

D. Now exchange your book with your classmate. Confirm your classmate’s
statements in C using tag questions.

Steve Jobs was just GREAT, wasn´t he?

U8.5
 SPEAKING AND LISTENING

A. What’s your sign? Pair up with a partner and use tag questions to confirm if
he / she has the characteristics below. Can you add anything to the descriptions
below?

Aries March 20 - April 19 Leo July 22 - Aug. 22 Sagittarius Nov. 22 - Dec. 21

Independent, Passionate, Confident, Playful, Extroverted, Idealistic,
Spontaneous Big-hearted Philosophical

Taurus April 20 - May 19 Virgo Aug 23 - Sept. 21 Capricorn Dec. 22 - Jan. 19

Consistent, Loyal, Organized, Stable, Hard-working, Funny,
Patient Helpful Focused

Gemini May 20 - June 20 Libra Sept. 22 - Oct. 22 Aquarius Jan. 20 - Feb. 17

Flexible, Intellectual, Extroverted, Active, Communicative, Individualistic,
Fast Sharing Curious

Cancer June 21 - July 21 Scorpio Oct. 23 - Nov. 21 Pisces Feb. 18 - Mar. 19

Giving, Receptive, Mysterious, Sensitive, Compassionate, Deep,
Tenacious Introverted Mystical

B. Listen to the dialogue and take notes about Liz.

1. Liz works in ...................................................

2. Her birthday is in ...........................................

3. Her sign is .....................................................

4. She has a boyfriend (TRUE / FALSE)

5. Jim likes her (TRUE / FALSE)

6. She is dating Mike (TRUE / FALSE)

U8.6
C. Complete the sentences below according to the dialogue.

Sam: Boy, ...................................... a beautiful day, isn’t it?

Gina: Yes, it certainly is.

Sam: ...................................to the beach today, aren’t you?

Gina: Yes, I am.

Sam: I ........................................... you at the beach yesterday, did I?

Gina: No, you didn’t.

Sam: You usually .......................... to the beach by car, don’t you?

Gina: Yes, I do.

Sam: I ........................................... with you today, can I?

Gina: Sure you can. Hop in.

D. Conversation game: The Pretenders

Pretend you are someone famous. Write who you are on a piece of paper and
hide it. It must be a person that everyone knows.

Choose a partner and ask and answer tag questions until you discover his /
her identity.

Ask always in English!

Answer only YES or NO.

After you identify someone, move on to someone else.

The winner is the first person to discover all the identities.

DID YOU KNOW?

WESTERN AUSTRALIA BUSHFIRES RAZED HOMES
AND AT LEAST 40 HOUSES WERE DESTROYED AND
ANOTHER 19 DAMAGED IN ROLEYSTONE AND THE
NEARBY COMMUNITY OF KELMSCOTT, DESPITE
THE EFFORTS OF 200 FIREFIGHTERS. IT IS A
DIFFICULT SITUATION, ISN´T IT?
U8.7
 HOMEWORK

A. Complete the blanks below with adjectives from exercise A on page 6. There
are two types of Hints: Definitions and dates corresponding to the sign where
you will find the adjective. The letters in the circle will spell out a message.

Definition Date
1. __ __ __ __ (not slow) June 12
2. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (not selfish) Sept 26
3. __ __ __ __ (like the ocean) Feb 23
4. __ __ __ __ - __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (not lazy) Dec 25
5. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (not messy) Sep 17
6. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (open) June 29
7. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (talks easily) Jan 25
8. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (feels things) Nov 6
9. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (sure of himself) July 26
10. __ __ __ __ __ (like a dog) May 6
11. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (feels strongly) April 1
12. __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ (very social) Dec 11

B. Fill in each blanks with an appropriate tag question.

1. Jackie lives in Germany, ........................................................................?

2. She couldn’t make friends at school, .....................................................?

3. She decided to live in Europe for good, .................................................?

4. We can understand why, .......................................................................?

5. Harold and Karen used to smoke a lot, .................................................?

6. They didn’t use to practice sports, .........................................................?

7. They weren’t very happy, .......................................................................?

U8.8
 8. You would like to stay a little longer , .................................................... ?

9. Think about this problem carefully, ....................................................... ?

10. I can’t sing very well, ............................................................................ ?

11. I have a wonderful family, ..................................................................... ?

12. Gail and David are going to Washington, ............................................. ?

13. They won’t win the prize, ...................................................................... ?

14. I am your partner, ................................................................................. ?

15. There are a few cookies left, ................................................................ ?

16. There wasn’t water for them to drink, ................................................... ?

17. The Donaldsons don’t have any children, ............................................ ?

18. The telephone is ringing, ...................................................................... ?

19. Neither of the couples are dancing well, ............................................... ?

20. You and John never drink brandy, ........................................................ ?

C. Write 5 sentences using the following tag questions.

...aren’t I? ...would you? ...didn’t they? ...can’t she? ...isn’t it?

1. ..............................................................................................................

2. ..............................................................................................................

3. ..............................................................................................................

4. ..............................................................................................................

5. ..............................................................................................................

U8.9
 REVIEW

1. They aren’t at home, ....................... ?

a. aren’t they c. are they
b. do they d. are
2. The bank wasn’t open yesterday, ..................................... ?
a. did it c. was it
b. was d. did
3. Paul and Bill went to Greece, ........................................... ?
a. did they c. didn’t they
b. do they d. don’t they
4. She often takes the bus, ................................................... ?
a. does she c. doesn’t take
b. takes she d. doesn’t she
5. We’re working a lot, .......................................................... ?
a. are we c. are working
b. aren’t we d. working
6. I’m going to travel, ............................................................ ?
a. am I c. aren’t I
b. I am not d. I’m not
7. I’m not going to stay here, ................................................ ?
a. am I c. aren’t I
b. am I not d. I’m not
8. She can’t speak German well, .......................................... ?
a. can’t she c. does she
b. can she d. doesn’t she

U8.10
9. He couldn’t type when he was eight, ................................ ?
a. couldn’t he c. could he
b. did he d. didn’t he
10. You ..................................,don’t you?
a. are studying c. worked
b. love music d. are going
11. Terry is a .........................student than her sister.
a. worse c. best
b. worst d. good
12. Alaska is .........................from home I traveled last summer.
a. farther c. farthest
b. the farther d. the farthest
13. We waited very ................for Jim and his mother.
a. patient c. patiently
b. more patient d. most patient
14. ....................you give me that map, please?
a. Could c. Did
b. Do d. Are
15. When I was a kid, I ........................ love cartoons; now I don’t anymore.
a. use c. used to
b. used d. use to
16. John is bald; he doesn’t have ......................................... hair.
a. some c. no
b. any d. every
17. A great movie ..................be on TV tomorrow night.
a. are going to c. will go to
b. is going to d. will to

U8.11
 18. I’m only fifteen, so I ......................... drive a car yet.
a. can c. can’t
b. could d. couldn’t
19. I know .............................who works at the bank.
a. something c. somebody
b. anyone d. nowhere
20. Which team do you think ............................. the game?
a. going to c. won’t
b. wins d. will win

5 O 1O
DID YOU KNOW?
THE BEATLES HOLD THE TOP SPOT OF ALBUM SALES
IN THE U.S.A. (106 MILLION), FOLLOWED BY GARTH BROOKS
SECOND (92 MILLION), LED ZEPPELIN (83 MILLION), ELVIS
PRESLEY (77 MILLION), AND THE EAGLES (65 MILLION).
WORLDWIDE THE BEATLES SOLD MORE
THAN 1 BILLION RECORDS.
THE BEATLES WERE FANTASTIC TOGETHER, WEREN´T THEY?

3O
2 O
4 O

U8.12
WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT
 ANSWER KEY TO THE HOMEWORK SECTION

UNIT 1
Exercise A
2. He types fast.

3. They play badly.

4. She used to cook carelessly.
5. He painted wonderfully.
6. You write very clearly.
Exercise B
1.a 2 .b 3.b 4.a 5.b
Exercise C
(Answers may vary a little.)
1. slowly 2. easy 3. correctly
4. clearly 5. heavy / carefully 6. good / fluently
Exercise D
Answers may vary.

UNIT 2
Exercise A
(Suggested answers)
1. My dog is heavier than yours.
2. Today is hotter than yesterday.
3. Dave left earlier than Tina.
4. That car goes faster than this one.
5. My son is older than my daughter.
6. I like apples more than pears.
7. Ron was hungrier than Sharon. / Ron ate more sandwiches than Sharon.
8. Tina’s sister is prettier than her.

I
 Exercise B
1. hotter 6. closer
2. older 7. more expensive
3. longer 8. worse
4. more slowly 9. darker
5. more elegant 10. easier.
Exercise C
(Answers may vary -- some suggestions)
1. Tom Cruise is shorter than Brad Pitt.
2. Salvador is hotter than Curitiba.
3. Mercedes is more expensive than Ford.
4. Dilma Rousseff is more popular than Cristina Kirchner.
5. China is more populous than USA.
6. My father is older than my mother.
7. July is colder than January in Brazil.

UNIT 3
Exercise A
Some answers may vary.

Exercise B
1. the thinnest 2. the thickest
3. the most popular 4. the tiniest
5. the most boring 6. the best
7. the worst 8. the hottest

II
Exercise C
Answers can vary greatly.
UNIT 4
Exercise A
1. Japanese 2. Italy 3. musician 4. smart
5. broke 6. strong 7. parking lot 8. lend
Exercise B
1. How old were you when you could read Portuguese?
2. Could Henry go to work yesterday ?
3. When could Jimmy first travel alone ?
4. Can you speak any foreign languages ?
5. Could you walk when you were one year old ?
Exercise C
1. Could Henry go to work yesterday ?
2. Could you walk when you were one year old ?
3. When could Jimmy first travel alone ?
4. How old were you when you could read Portuguese?
5. Can you speak any foreign languages ?
Exercise D
1. can’t come 2. could sing 3. couldn’t finish
4. Could / speak an’t wait
Exercise E
Answers vary.

UNIT 5
Exercise A
1. waiter 2. menu 3. drink 4. perfume 5. Saturday 6. Monday
Exercise B
1. someone or somebody 2. anything / nothing / Everything
3. anyone or anybody/ anything 4. something or anything

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 5. something 6. anything
7. anywhere / somewhere 8. Nobody or No one
Exercise C
1. She wrote nothing in the appointment book.
She didn’t write anything in the appointment book.
2. She got no messages from anyone.
She didn’t get any messages from anybody.
3. She put the book nowhere in the room.
She didn’t put the book anywhere in the room.
4. Carol has no reasons to keep Sandy’s job.
Carol doesn’t have any reasons to keep Sandy’s job.
Exercise D
Answers may vary.

UNIT 6
Exercise A
Answers may vary.
Exercise B
1. She used to eat a lot of junk food but now she eats healthy food.
2. She used to complain about everything but now she tries to do something
productive.
3. She used to watch TV all weekend but now she goes out on weekends.
4. She didn’t use to read but now she reads lots of books.
5. She used to live downtown but now she lives in the country.
Exercise C
3. He used to drive to work.
4. He didn’t use to go to work by bus.
5. He used to smoke.
6. He didn’t use to go out on weekends.
7. He used to watch talk shows on TV.
8. He didn’t use to visit his friends.

IV
Exercise D
Answers may vary.
UNIT 7
Exercise A
1. keyboard 5. environment
2. fossil fuels 6. on the down side
3. freedom 7. developments
4. diseases 8. replaced

Exercise B
1.are going to 6. will
2. will 7. isn’t goin to / is going to
3. will 8. will
4. am going to 9. will
5.will or am going to 10. is going to

Exercise C
1. Do you think she will like it?
2. ...do you think it will cost?
3. ...do you think will happen?
4. ...do you think they will come back?
5. Do you think he will call me?

UNIT 8
Exercise A
1. fast 2. sharing 3. deep
4. hard-working 5. organized 6. receptive
7. communicative 8. sensitive 9. confident
10. loyal 11. passionate 12. extroverted
* Spells out The Horoscope

V
 Exercise B
1. doesn’t she 11. don’t I
2. could she 12. aren’t they
3.didn’t she 13.will they
4. can’t we 14. aren’t I
5. didn’t they 15. aren’t there
6. did they 16. was there
7. were they 17. do they
8. wouldn’t you 18. isn’t it
9. will you 19. are they*
10. can I 20. do you*
*Neither, never and other negative words require an affirmative tag question.

Exercise C
Answers may vary greatly.

VI
 LISTENING COMPREHENSION TRANSCRIPTS

IMPORTANT NOTE TO THE STUDENTS

Your teacher will tell you when and how to use these transcripts.

UNIT 1
Exercise A
You’re typing slowly, Miss Jessup.
That’s because I’m working carefully, Mr. Green.
But you make a lot of mistakes.
I know, Mr. Green.
Perhaps I don’t speak clearly.
No, I understand you perfectly.
Then what’s the problem, Miss Jessup?
I don’t know, Mr. Green.
Exercise B
Tom Bradley doesn’t study very hard. Actually, he’s a terrible student. Last
semester he failed all of his classes because he never does his homework. He
spends all of his time in class making jokes and passing notes. Now he has to
go to summer school because of his bad grades. Now he’s studying hard. In
fact, he’s studying so hard that he doesn’t have time to make friends.
Susie Tomlinson is a very careful worker. Her boss loves her because she
works so hard. Sometimes she even works on weekends. She usually doesn’t
have to work on weekends, though, because she works so fast. She really is
extremely efficient. Typically she works about eight hours a day, from nine in
the morning to five in the afternoon. And when she’s not at work, she’s thinking
about work. She’s a hopeless workaholic!

Exercise C
This is the story of identical twins. One was an optimist. He was happy and did
everything happily. He also smiled brightly at the people he met. The other twin
was a sad and hopeless pessimist. He talked angrily and loudly and he always
complained terribly. He frequently shouted unnecessarily at his family and friends.
The worried parents of the boys decided to bring them to the local psychologist.

I
 The psychologist smartly suggested a plan. “On their next birthday, put them in
separate rooms to open their presents. Give the pessimist the best toys you can
find, and give the optimist a box of manure.” The parents followed these instruc-
tions carefully. Then they secretly observed the results.
When they looked in on the pessimist, they heard him complaining loudly, “I
don’t like the color of this computer...I bet this calculator will break easily...I’ll get
tired of this game very quickly...This car won’t go fast like my friend’s car...”
Then the parents quietly walked across the corridor, looked in and saw the
optimist happily throwing the manure up in the air. He was smiling broadly. And
he said, “You can’t fool me! Where there’s this much manure, there’s gotta be a
pony”!

UNIT 2
Exercise A
The Rolls Royce is a very expensive car. It’s much more expensive than a
Volkswagen. It’s also more elegant and more comfortable. And, of course, a
Rolls Royce is more powerful than a Volkswagen. However, the Volkswagen is
a very popular car. It’s more practical than a Rolls Royce. That’s because it’s
smaller and more economical. It can travel twenty five miles on a gallon of gas.

Exercise B
Albert and Jimmy are brothers. Albert is 20 years old and Jimmy is 17. Albert
is older than Jimmy. He’s also heavier. He weighs 175 pounds. Jimmy only
weighs 150 pounds. Jimmy is younger and thinner than Albert. And, he’s taller.
Jimmy is five feet ten inches tall; Albert is only five feet seven inches tall.

Exercise C
Nancy and Maria are sisters. They are both attractive women. But Maria is
more attractive than Nancy. She’s also more artistic. She likes to paint and draw.
On the other hand, Nancy is more adventurous. She flies an airplane and rides
a motorcycle. She is also more athletic. She likes to play all kinds of sports.

Exercise D
San Francisco and Los Angeles are both large cities. But Los Angeles is
larger than San Francisco. It has a population of almost four million people. The
population of San Francisco is less than one million. Los Angeles has very good
weather. The weather in Los Angeles is better than in San Francisco. But the
air in Los Angeles is bad; it’s worse than in San Francisco.

II
UNIT 3
Exercise B
Anita Summers is going to the biggest shopping mall in town. She is looking
for a dress for her wedding.
Saleswoman – Good afternoon, ma’am. May I help you?
Anita – Yes, I’m looking for a wedding dress.
S – Follow me right this way. Here we are.
A – Which is the most expensive dress you have?
S – This is the most expensive one. It costs five thousand dollars.
A – That’s fine. My father is paying and he says he wants the best that money
can buy. It’s not the most beautiful dress. Do you have any other colors?
S – I’m sorry? These are wedding dresses; they are all white.
A – Now this is the most beautiful dress. With this dress I’ll be the most
elegant bride ever!
S – Ma’am, that is a red dress. You will be the most scandalous bride in the
history of our city.
A – You are the rudest saleswoman in the world. I want the red dress. My
father is paying and he wants only the best. How much is the red dress?
S – It’s the cheapest dress in the store! It’s thirty dollars.
A – I don’t think that this is the right size. Don’t you have anything larger?
S – Ma’am, that is the largest dress that we make.
A – Are you saying that I’m fat?
S – No ma’am, I’m saying that this is the largest dress that we have.
A – Well, you know my father is the richest and most important man in town.
S – Yes, I know. And you are the most spoiled girl in town!

Exercise C
Anita Summers and Tom Lyons had the biggest wedding in the history of
Mayberry. More than 1000 people went to their wedding. Many people had to
stand. It was also the most expensive wedding in the history of the town. They
spent more than 5000 dollars just on flowers.
According to her father, Bill Summers, she was the happiest bride he ever saw.
The reception took place at the Civic Auditorium and the whole town was invited

III
 to celebrate the event. There is no doubt that they were the happiest couple in
town that day.
Their honeymoon was in Paris. It was the shortest honeymoon anyone can
remember. They returned to Mayberry after four hours in Paris. Anita said she
missed her mom and dad.

Exercise D
Bill Summers, Ed Williams and Joe Jones are three of the most important men
in Mayberry. Ed Williams is the mayor, but Bill Summers is the most powerful of
the three. He owns many buildings and businesses in Mayberry. He is easliy
the richest man in Mayberry, too.
Joe Jones is the President of Mayberry Savings and Loan. He has many plans
for the renovation of downtown Mayberry and as president of the bank he would
like to finance these plans. He also wants his bank to be the biggest in town.
Right now it is the smallest bank in town. He is definitely the most ambitious of
the three men.
But Ed Williams is definitely the most intelligent of the three men. He knows
how to use Joe Jones’ ambition and Bill Summers’ money to get what he wants.

UNIT 4
Exercise B
Sally – You know, my father is better than your father.
Jesse – He is not.
Sally – Is too.
Jesse – Oh yeah? Well, what can your father do?
S – My father is strong. He can lift a car without any help. Can your father
do that?
J – No, he can’t.
S – And my father is smart. He can speak French, German, Spanish, Japa-
nese and English.
J – Can he speak Portuguese?
S – No, he can’t.
J – My father can. And my father is a great musician. He can play the drums,
the guitar and the piano. Can your father play any musical instruments?
S – No, he can’t.

IV
 J – And my father can fly planes and helicopters. Can your father?
S – No, he can’t. Maybe your father is better than my father. But my mother
is better than yours. She can do a lot of things.

Exercise C
Guy – Excuse me, is that your car?
Fellow – Yes it is. Why?
G – I’m sorry you can’t park there.
F – I can’t park here? Why not?
G – It’s a no parking zone until after seven pm. You can park there after
seven.
F – But I need to park now. Could you tell me where I can park?
G – You can go across the street to the parking lot.
F – No, I can’t. I’m broke.
G – Well, I don’t know what to tell you.
F – Wait a second. Could you lend me five dollars to park my car?
G – No, I can’t.

Exercise D
Mrs. Sullivan - William, can you read music?
William - Yes, Mrs. Sullivan, I can. I could read music when I was ten.
MS - You could? That’s wonderful.
W - Mrs. Sullivan, could you read music when you were ten?
MS - I could read music when I was eight, William.
W - Really? Could you write music when you were eight?
MS - No, William. Of course I couldn’t.
W - Mozart could.

V
 UNIT 5
Exercise B
George - Wow, this place is really nice.
Elaine - It’s so romantic!
G - I don’t usually go to places this nice, Ms. Greenjeans.
E - Please call me Elaine. Would you like something to drink? Champagne
maybe?
G - Sure. I don’t usually have anything to drink on Monday nights. My mother
doesn’t let me.
E - Well, tonight it’s champagne and filet mignon!
G - Gosh, we usually just have macaroni and cheese on Monday nights.
Mother doesn’t like restaurants.
E - George! Do you like my perfume? I wore it especially for this occasion.
G - Oh, yes. It’s wonderful. What’s it called?
E - It’s called “Satin Sheets”.
G - Hmm. Suggestive.
E - Are you getting any ideas?
G - Ummm.
E - So, you said there was something you wanted to ask me. You know, you
can ask me anything.
G - Are you sure?
E - Ask me, George!
G - Well, you know I have to work on Saturdays at the office.
E - Yes, George, yes.
G - You’re sure I can ask you anything?
E - Yes! Yes!
G - Do you think you can work on Saturdays?
E - Work!?
G - Yes.
E - On Saturdays!?
G - Yes?
E - Good night and goodbye, Mr. Clayson.

VI
Exercise C
Julia - I think there is something in my eye. Can you see anything?
Mike - Hold on a second. Look up. Look down. No, I can’t see anything.
There is nothing in your eye.
J - Well it doesn’t feel like nothing. It feels like something.
M - Maybe there’s something wrong with your head.

M - Hey, Julia. Did you see my glasses anywhere? I looked everywhere for
them but I can’t seem to find them anywhere.
J - I don’t think you looked everywhere.
M - No, I did. There is nowhere that I didn’t look.
J - I think there is somewhere that you didn’t look.
M - Oh yeah? And where is that somewhere?
J - On your face.
M - Oh yeah. Thanks.

UNIT 6
Exercise B
Frank’s life changed a lot since his marriage. He used to live in a tiny apartment
downtown, but now he lives in a house with Christine. He used to go out with
his friends at night, but now he stays home with his wife. They usually watch
television together or play video games. Frank used to sleep late. He used to
get up after ten o’clock and walk to the café in the morning for coffee. Now, he
gets up at seven and drives Christine to work. He used to eat out at restaurants
all the time. But now, he eats at home. For better or worse, life is not the same
for Frank.

Exercise C
Bill’s life is so different nowadays. He used to eat a big breakfast with bacon,
eggs and toast. Now that he lives in Brazil he only has some coffee and bread.
At lunch he used to get a sandwich or something quick to eat. Now he goes
home for lunch and has a meal. And he used to wash his own clothes but now
somebody washes his clothes for him. For dinner, he used to eat out a lot but
now he usually just fixes a light snack for himself at home.
At night he used to watch sitcoms but now he watches Brazilian soap operas.
On the weekends he used to go bowling in jeans and a t-shirt but now he dresses
up and dances at the nightclubs until five in the morning. Bill used to drive a car
with an automatic transmission, but now he drives a standard shift and races
across town. And now when he crosses the street he always looks twice!

VII
 UNIT 7
Exercise B
Int. - We’re here today talking to Professor Jaime Finnigan about the future
of mankind. Professor Finnigan, what do you think our world will be like
in fifty years?
PF – Well, first of all, I think we will see money and checks completely re-
placed by digital means. The keyboard will be a thing of the past as voice
recognition technologies are perfected. And cars powered by fossil fuels
will give way to hydrogen and electric cars.
Int. – The future sounds wonderful!
PF – Well, maybe. On the down side, we will lose some of our freedom as our
streets will be monitored, the internet will be monitored, and smart cards
containing our financial and personal information come into use.
Int. – Any other big developments?
PF – Yes, definitely. Say goodbye to Hollywood! PCs and the internet will
make things like movie theaters, CDs and books totally obsolete.
Int. – And what about the children who are being born today? What will their
lives be like?
PF – Long. Their lives will be very long as advances in medicine eliminate
diseases like cancer, AIDS and diabetes.
Int. – What is your biggest question about the future, Dr. Finnigan?
PF – The environment. The world will use less paper and fossil fuels because
of advances in digital technology and alternative energy. But there will be
billions more people, and we don’t know the planets limit.
Int. – Professor Finnigan, thank you very much.
PF – Thank you.

Exercise C
It’s summertime again and many people are taking their vacations. Our man
on the street went to find out what people are going to do on their vacations.
Here’s what they said:

VIII
 — I’m going to visit my mother. She lives in Florida and I don’t see her very
often.
— I think I’m just going to stay home and watch TV. I don’t have enough money
to travel.
— I’m going to Disneyworld. My boyfriend is giving me this trip as a birthday
present. It’s my first time and I’m really excited.
— We’re going to do some camping. I know this great place up in the mountains
that nobody knows about. It’s right next to a beautiful waterfall. It’s so peaceful
and I really need a break from all this stress.
— I’m going to sleep a lot. I worked so hard this year and I’m really tired. I’m
just going to sleep and relax.

UNIT 8
Exercise B
Jim – Hey Mike, you’re friends with Liz, aren’t you?

Mike – Yeah. Why?

Jim – I don’t know. Just curious. She works in accounting, doesn’t she?

Mike – Yes, she does. Why?

Jim – No reason. Her birthday is in September. She’s a Virgo, isn’t she?

Mike – I guess she is, Jim. Why do you ask?

Jim – No, nothing, just asking. Hey, she isn’t going out with anyone, is she?

Mike – I don’t think so. Jim, why are you asking all these questions? You
don’t like Liz, do you?

Jim – No, what makes you think that?

Mike – Oh, nothing.

Jim – Anyway, you’re going out with her and some friends after work, aren’t
you?

Mike – Yes, I am. And I suppose you’d like me to invite you, wouldn’t you?

Jim – You wouldn’t do that for me, would you?

Mike – No, Jim, I wouldn’t. See you later.

IX
 Exercise C
Guy - Boy, it’s a beautiful day, isn’t it?

Gal - Yes, it certainly is.

Guy - You’re going to the beach today, aren’t you?

Gal - Yes, I am.

Guy - I didn’t see you at the beach yesterday, did I?

Gal - No, you didn’t.

Guy - You usually go to the beach by car, don’t you?

Gal - Yes, I do.

Guy - I can’t go with you today, can I?

Gal - Sure you can. Hop in.