Estruturas Metlicas

Conceitos Gerais
Cristais Metlicos

Nveis de organizao

Curto Alcance

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Learning

Longo Alcance (Cristais)

Monocrital (Si)

Material Policristalino (Ao)

Resumo

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Learning

Amorfo x Cristalino

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson

Learning

Redes de Bravais
14 Redes
7 Sistemas

Caractersticas
geomtricas

Simetria (grupos de
pontos)

C1

C2

C3

C4

C5

C2v

C3v

C4v

C5v

C6

Grupos (pontos, espaciais)

Crystal system

No. of point
groups

Triclinic
Monoclinic
Orthorhombic
Tetragonal
Rhombohedral
(Trigonal)

2
3
3
7
5

Hexagonal
Cubic

7
5

No. of
bravais
lattices
1
2
4
2
1

No. of space
groups

27
36

2
13
59
68
25

Lista de Grupos Espaciais

Associando tomos a uma

rede em estruturas
metlicas

Fator de Empacotamento

Demonstrar exemplo de clculo

Direes
Notao empregada:
ndices de Miller
[hkl] e <hkl>

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Learning

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.48 Directions in a cubic unit cell for Problem 3.51

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.49
Directions in a cubic
unit cell for Problem
3.52.

Densidade Linear

Exemplo

Planos

Notao empregada:
ndices de Miller
(hkl) e {hkl}

Exemplos: CCC e CFC

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.50 Planes in a cubic unit cell for Problem 3.53.

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.51 Planes in a cubic unit cell for Problem 3.54.

Direes (sist. hexagonal)

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.52
Directions in a
hexagonal lattice for
Problem 3.55.

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.53 Directions

in a hexagonal lattice
for Problem 3.56.

Planos (sist. Hexagonal)

Exemplos
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Learning

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.54 Planes in a

hexagonal lattice for
Problem 3.57.

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson Learning

Figure 3.55 Planes in a

hexagonal lattice for
Problem 3.58.

Estrutura hexagonal
compacta (HCP)

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Learning

HCP (empilhamento de
planos)

CFC (empilhamento de
planos)

Interstcios

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Espalhamento de raios-X
pelos tomos

Cada tomo um centro de espalhamento do raio-X

incidente para todas as direes

O fenmeno da Difrao

Somente direes especficas produzem interferncia con

A Lei de Bragg

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing /

Thomson Learning

Lei de Bragg
necessria mas
no suficiente para a
difrao.

Fator estrutural para a

difrao
p/ CCC

p/ CFC

Fhkl

2 f , h k l par

0, h k l mpar

Fhkl

4 f , h, k , l mpares

4 f , h, k , l pares
0, h, k , l mistos

Difratograma

(c) 2003 Brooks/Cole Publishing / Thomson

Learning

Metais Amorfos

Exibem somente ordem de curto

alcance
Cristalizam no aquecimento
Podem apresentar transio vtrea
Propriedades diferentes com relao
aos equivalentes cristalinos, maior
RM, menor E, maior dureza, maior
resist. corroso, etc.