Present Perfect

LÍNGUA INGLESA
Ensino Médio, 2º Série
PRESENT PERFECT
Inglês, 2º Série, Present Perfect
Índice
Grammar notes
Grammar in use
 Present Perfect  Exercise 1
 o Affirmative, Interrogative, Negative,  Exercise 2
Interrogative-Negative  Exercise 3
 Formação do Present Perfect  Exercise 4
 Uso do Present Perfect
 Been e Gone Grammar in action
 Yet e Already Song: We are the champions
 Since e For Gabarito
 Advérbios usados com Present Perfect Sugestões para um trabalho interdisciplinar
 Present Perfect ou Past Simple? Bibliografia
Grammar notes
U.S.A.
PRESENT
PERFECT
AFFIRMATIVE INTERROGATIVE
The fun has just begun. Has the fun begun?

They have (They’ve) lived here. Have they lived here?
NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE
Has the fun not begun?

Hasn’t the fun begun?
The fun has not (hasn’t) begun.
Have they not lived here?
They have not (haven’t) lived here.
Haven’t they lived here?
FORMAÇÃO DO PRESENT
PERFECT
Auxiliar have / has + o Particípio Passado
Nenhum verbo em inglês forma o Present Perfect com o verbo
be.
AFIRMATIVA
I / You / We / They have (‘ve) worked...

He / She / lt has ('s) worked...
I have worked here since 2001.

Trabalho aqui desde 2001.
PERFECT
be.
NEGATIVA
I / You / We / They have not (haven't) Worked...

He / She / lt has not (hasn’t) been...
I haven't been to China.

Nunca estive na China.
PERFECT
be.
INTERROGATIVA
Have l / you / we / they worked...

Has he / she / it worked...
Has he arrived yet?

Ele já chegou?
USO DO PRESENT
PERFECT
Neste uso, a palavra perfect refere-se ao que os gramáticos chamam "aspecto". Ou seja, uma
forma de ver a ação ou o estado (expresso pelo verbo) em relação ao decorrer do tempo.
O aspecto perfect se refere à idéia em expressões como as seguintes:
already já since then desde então

so far até então up to now até agora
A função dessas expressões é vincular o passado ao presente que, aliás, é a principal função do
Present Perfect.
Have you seen that film?

Você assistiu àquele filme?
I’ve already seen it.

Eu já assisti.
USO DO PRESENT
PERFECT
O Present Perfect não pode ser usado se o passado estiver separado do presente. No entanto, o
Present Perfect deve ser usado quando houver uma conexão entre o passado e o presente, por
exemplo com since (desde) e for (há).
He's been on the island for a long time.

Ele está na ilha há muito tempo.
I have lived in London since I was a student. (E eu ainda moro lá.)

Moro em Londres desde que era estudante.
A palavra ever e never frequentemente são usadas para pedir e dar informações gerais usando
o Present Perfect. Use ever após o sujeito em perguntas:
Have you ever been to Iceland?

Você já esteve na Islândia?
Use never após have ou has em sentenças negativas:
I have never seen that boy before.

Nunca vi aquele menino antes.
BEEN E
GONE
Há uma diferença no significado de been e gone.
He has been to college - significa que ele voltou / terminou.

He has gone to college - significa que ele ainda está na
faculdade.
USO DO PRESENT
PERFECT
O Present Perfect pode ser usado quando o resultado ou a consequência de uma
ação passada (que normalmente é recente) for evidente.
What have you done to your hair?

(Talvez você esteja reparando que o seu cabelo está um desastre!)
O que você fez com o seu cabelo?
Se a ação passada for recente, a palavra just (transmitindo o sentido de "acabar de

fazer algo") é frequentemente usada após have ou has em afirmações:
I’ve just bought a new house. Look!

Acabei de comprar uma casa nova, Olhe!
What’s the matter? Qual o problema?

I’ve just seen a ghost. Acabei de ver um fantasma
YET E
Yet significa "até
ALREADY
agora". A tradução nas sentenças interrogativas
é "já" e nas
negativas, "ainda". Normalmente a palavra yet é posicionada no final de uma
sentença.
Has your sister arrived yet?

A sua irmã já chegou?
I haven t had breakfast yet.

Eu ainda não tomei o café da manhã.
Use already (com o significado de "já") em sentenças afirmativas. A palavra é

colocada na "posição do meio", após os auxiliares have / has:
I’ve already seen that film.

Eu já assisti àquele filme.
YET E
ALREADY
Observação: Pode-se usar already nas formas interrogativas, mas somente quando
se deseja expressar um forte tom de surpresa:
Have you already finished college? It's only 2 o’clock!

Você já saiu da faculdade? Ainda são duas horas!
No inglês americano, usa-se normalmente o Past Simple com already e yet,

enquanto que o Present Perfect é usado no inglês britânico:
INGLÊS BRITÂNICO INGLÊS

AMERICANO
Have you eaten yet? Did you eat yet?

He hasn't seen it yet. He didn’t see it yet.
I’ve already done it. I already did it.
SINCE E
FOR
Since e for correspondem a “desde” e “há”.
Use since para indicar o ponto inicial da ação.

Use for para indicar a duração da ação.
SINCE FOR
Friday an hour
yesterday a week
last week a long time
O PRESENT PERFECT COM SINCE E

FOR
Como a palavra since (desde) normalmente vincula o passado ao presente,
normalmente é usada com o Present Perfect:
I have know AI since 1999, but i haven’t seen him since last year.
Conheço AI desde 1999, mas não o vejo desde o ano passado.
Da mesma forma, quando for é usado com o sentido de “há”, usa-se o

Present Perfect.
They have know each other for a long time.

Eles se conhecem há muito tempo.
ADVÉRBIOS USADOS COM PRESENT

PERFECT
Entre os advérbios usados com esse tempo verbal, always, already, ever,
just e never geralmente são posicionados entre o auxiliar (have / has) e o
verbo principal.
ALWAYS – SEMPRE
YOU HAVE ALWAYS BEEN ON MY MIND.
VOCÊ ESTÁ SEMPRE (TEM SEMPRE ESTADO) EM MINHA MENTE.
NEVER – NUNCA
HE HAS NEVER FORGOTTEN YOU.
ELE NUNCA TE ESQUECEU.

PERFECT
EVER – JÁ; ALGUMA VEZ (GERALMENTE USADO EM
PERGUNTAS)
HAVE YOU EVER TRAVELED ABROAD?
VOCÊ JÁ VIAJOU PARA O EXTERIOR?
ALREADY – JÁ (INDICA UM FATO CONSUMADO E SOBRE O QUAL

SE ESTÁ FALANDO)
THEY HAVE ALREADY FOUND THEIR BOOKS.
ELES JÁ ACHARAM SEUS LIVROS.
ALREADY: TAMBÉM PODE SER USADO NO FINAL DE SENTENÇAS

INTERROGATIVAS PARA INDICAR SURPRESA.
HAVE YOU READ THIS BOOK ALREADY? IT HAS JUST BEEN
PUBLISHED!
VOCÊS JÁ LERAM ESTE LIVRO? ELE ACABA DE SER PUBLICADO!

PERFECT
JUST – MUITO RECENTEMENTE (EXPRESSA UMA AÇÃO QUE
ACABOU DE ACONTECER)
HE HAS JUST LOOK HIS LAST CHANCE.
ELE ACABA / ACABOU DE PERDER SUA ÚLTIMA CHANCE.
YET – JÁ (USADO NO FINAL DE ORAÇÕES INTERROGATIVAS

PARA INDICAR EXPECTATIVAOU BUSCA DE INFORMAÇÃO)
HAVE YOU ANSWERED YOUR E-MAILS YET?
VOCÊ JÁ RESPONDEU SEUS E-MAILS?
YET – AINDA (USADO NO FINAL DE ORAÇÕES NEGATIVAS)

THE CLASS HASN’T STARTED YET.
A AULA NÃO COMEÇOU AINDA.
PRESENT PERFECT OU PAST

SIMPLE ?
Você deve usar o Past Simple com palavras ou expressões de tempo
definido, referindo-se a um momento específico no passado. Por exemplo:
when: quando
yesterday: ontem
a week ago: há uma semana
last year: no ano passado
when he left school: quando ele saiu da escola
a few minutes ago: há alguns minutos
PRESENT PERFECT OU PAST

SIMPLE ?
Present Perfect Past Simple
I’ve seen Madonna. I saw Madonna yesterday.

Vi Madonna. Vi Madonna ontem.
Have you ever heard on explosion? Did you hear that explosion last night?
Você já ouviu uma explosão? Você ouviu aquela explosão ontem à noite?
He’s just been to New York. He went to New York on Tuesday.

Ele esteve em Nova York há pouco tempo. Ele foi a Nova York na Terça-feira.
Grammar in use
Read the information in the box. Say what the people 'have never
done' using the words in brackets. Follow the example.
Al has never been camping.
Bonnie has always been frightened of heights.
Chad has always been a vegetarian.
Donna has never liked sport.
Ed has never learnt how to use a computer.
Flo has always hated pets.
Gil and Geena have never had a television.
Mr. and Mrs. Harris have never liked walking.
1. (sleep / in a tent) Al has never slept in a tent.

2. (eat / roast lamb) ______________________
3. (flown / in a hot air balloon) ______________________
4. (go / on a trekking holiday) ______________________
5. (have / a cat) ______________________
6. (play / baseball) ______________________
7. (see / a soap opera) ______________________
8. (send / an e-mail) ______________________
Complete the sentences with been or gone.
1. I'm sorry I’m late. I’ve _____ to the doctor's.

2. 'Where Jed?' "He’s _____ to the library.'
3. 'Are you going to the shops this afternoon?' 'No, I’ve already _____.
4. 'Have you ever _____ to Brazil?' 'No, but I’ve _____ to Mexico.'
5. There's nobody at home. They must have _____ out.
6. You look well. Have you _____ on holiday?
7. Dan isn't feeling well, so he's _____ to bed early.
8. 'Is Ollie at home?' 'No, sorry, he's _____ fishing.'
Say what Ron has done already or hasn't done yet. For
example:
paint fence X He hasn’t painted the fence yet
1. wash car V 6. make the beds X

2. tidy his bedroom X 7. do the washing up V
3. write to Aunt Mildred V 8. take children to school X
4. go to the bank X 9. clean Windows V
5. have lunch V 10. open the mail X
Choose the correct words.

1. Have you _____ won a lot of money?
A ever B never
2. Has she _____ left?
A already B yet
3. It's the best hotel we have _____ stayed in.
A ever B never
4. I have _____ seen so much snow!
A ever B never
5. The children haven't been to sleep _____.
A already B yet
Grammar in action
Ouça no youtube a música We are the champions
e complete os espaços nos slides seguintes.
Clique aqui ou copie e cole no navegador o link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkd4CPOGtJo
We are the champions – Queen

___ ___ my dues We are the champions - my friends
Time after time And we'll keep on fighting
___ ___ my sentence Till the end
But commetted no crime We are the champions
And bad mistakes We are the champions
___ ___ a few No time for losers
___ ___ my share of sand 'Cause we are the champions of the
Kicked in my face World
But ___ ___ through ___ ___ my bows
And my curtain calls
You brought me fame and fortune
And we mean I to go on And everything that goes with it
and on and on and on I thank you all
But ___ ___ no bed of roses
No pleasure cruise
I consider it a challenge before
The whole human race
And I ain't gonna lose
And we mean I to go on We are the champions - my friends

and on and on and on And we'll keep on fighting
Till the end
We are the champions
No time for losers
We are the champions - my friends 'Cause we are the champions of the
And we'll keep on fighting world
Till the end
No time for losers
'Cause we are the champions of the
World
Nos slides seguintes,

confira as respostas.
Read the information in the box. Say what the people 'have never
done' using the words in brackets. Follow the example.
Al has never been camping.
Bonnie has always been frightened of heights.
Chad has always been a vegetarian.
Donna has never liked sport.
Ed has never learnt how to use a computer.
Flo has always hated pets.
Gil and Geena have never had a television.
Mr. and Mrs. Harris have never liked walking.
1. (sleep / in a tent) Al has never slept in a tent.

2. (eat / roast lamb) Chad has never eaten roast lamb.
3. (flown / in a hot air balloon) Bonnie has never flown in a hot air balloon.
4. (go / on a trekking holiday) Mr. and Mrs. Harris have never been on a trekking holiday.
5. (have / a cat) Flo has never had a cat.
6. (play / baseball) Donna has never played baseball.
7. (see / a soap opera) Gil and Geena have never seen a soap opera.
8. (send / an e-mail) Ed has never sent an e-mail.
Complete the sentences with been or gone.
1. I'm sorry I’m late. I’ve been to the doctor's.

2. 'Where Jed?' "He’s gone to the library.'
3. 'Are you going to the shops this afternoon?' 'No, I’ve already been.
4. 'Have you ever been to Brazil?' 'No, but I’ve been to Mexico.'
5. There's nobody at home. They must have gone out.
6. You look well. Have you been on holiday?
7. Dan isn't feeling well, so he's gone to bed early.
8. 'Is Ollie at home?' 'No, sorry, he's gone fishing.'
Say what Ron has done already or hasn't done yet. For
example:
paint fence X He hasn’t painted the fence yet
1. He has already washed the car. 6. He hasn’t made the beds yet.
2. He hasn’t tidied his room yet. 7. He has already done the washing up.
3. He has already written to Aunt 8. He hasn’t taken the children to school
Mildred. yet.
4. He hasn’t been to the bank yet. 9. He has already cleaned the windows.
5. He has already had lunch. 10. He hasn’t opened the mail yet.
Choose the correct words.

1. Have you ever won a lot of money?
A ever B never
2. Has she already left?
A already B yet
3. It's the best hotel we have ever stayed in.
A ever B never
4. I have never seen so much snow!
A ever B never
5. The children haven't been to sleep yet.
A already B yet
Grammar in action
Ouça no youtube a música We are the champions
e acompanhe a letra nos slides seguintes.
Clique aqui ou copie e cole no navegador o link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkd4CPOGtJo

I've paid my dues We are the champions - my friends
Time after time And we'll keep on fighting
I've done my sentence Till the end
But commetted no crime We are the champions
And bad mistakes We are the champions
I've made a few No time for losers
I've had my share of sand 'Cause we are the champions of the
Kicked in my face World
But I've come through I've taken my bows
And my curtain calls
You brought me fame and fortune
And we mean I to go on And everything that goes with it
and on and on and on I thank you all
But it's been no bed of roses
No pleasure cruise
I consider it a challenge before
The whole human race
And I ain't gonna lose
And we mean I to go on We are the champions - my friends

and on and on and on And we'll keep on fighting
Till the end
No time for losers
We are the champions - my friends 'Cause we are the champions of the
And we'll keep on fighting world
Till the end
No time for losers
'Cause we are the champions of the
World
SUGESTÕES PARA UM TRABALHO

INTERDISCIPLINAR
 Geografia: Elaborar uma pesquisa sobre os Estados Unidos da
América, destacando sua posição geográfica na América do Norte e
também uma análise sobre sua formação populacional.
 Artes: Elaborar uma pesquisa sobre as personalidades artísticas dos

Estados Unidos da América.
 História: Elaborar uma pesquisa sobre os costumes, tradições,

políticas, religião e história dos Estados Unidos da América.
 Língua Portuguesa: Solicitar uma produção de texto que apresente as

diferenças culturais entre os Estados Unidos da América e o Brasil.
BIBLIOGRAFIA
 English Tenses: explicações gramaticais em português e

exercícios em inglês / Ken Singleton. – São Paulo: Special
Book Services Livraria, 2004.
 Liberato, Wilson Antônio – Inglês Doorway: volume

único: ensino médio / Wilson Liberato. – São Paulo:
FTD, 2004. – (Coleção Delta)
FONTES DAS IMAGENS UTILIZADAS NO MATERIAL
http://www.internationalstudentinsurance.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/164141000.jpg
http://www.ut.ee/sites/default/files/the-three-branches-of-government-m4a-image_0.jpg
http://cdn.wonderfulengineering.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/USA-wallpaper-8.jpg
https://papundits.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/american-symbols.jpg

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LÍNGUA INGLESA

Ensino Médio, 2º Série

The fun has just begun. Has the fun begun?

Has the fun not begun?

I / You / We / They have (‘ve) worked...

I have worked here since 2001.

I / You / We / They have not (haven't) Worked...

I haven't been to China.

Have l / you / we / they worked...

Has he arrived yet?

O aspecto perfect se refere à idéia em expressões como as seguintes:

already já since then desde então

Have you seen that film?

I’ve already seen it.

He's been on the island for a long time.

I have lived in London since I was a student. (E eu ainda moro lá.)

Have you ever been to Iceland?

Use never após have ou has em sentenças negativas:

I have never seen that boy before.

Há uma diferença no significado de been e gone.

He has been to college - significa que ele voltou / terminou.

What have you done to your hair?

Se a ação passada for recente, a palavra just (transmitindo o sentido de "acabar de

I’ve just bought a new house. Look!

What’s the matter? Qual o problema?

Has your sister arrived yet?

I haven t had breakfast yet.

Use already (com o significado de "já") em sentenças afirmativas. A palavra é

I’ve already seen that film.

Have you already finished college? It's only 2 o’clock!

No inglês americano, usa-se normalmente o Past Simple com already e yet,

INGLÊS BRITÂNICO INGLÊS

Have you eaten yet? Did you eat yet?

Use since para indicar o ponto inicial da ação.

O PRESENT PERFECT COM SINCE E

Da mesma forma, quando for é usado com o sentido de “há”, usa-se o

They have know each other for a long time.

ADVÉRBIOS USADOS COM PRESENT

ADVÉRBIOS USADOS COM PRESENT

ALREADY – JÁ (INDICA UM FATO CONSUMADO E SOBRE O QUAL

ALREADY: TAMBÉM PODE SER USADO NO FINAL DE SENTENÇAS

ADVÉRBIOS USADOS COM PRESENT

YET – JÁ (USADO NO FINAL DE ORAÇÕES INTERROGATIVAS

YET – AINDA (USADO NO FINAL DE ORAÇÕES NEGATIVAS)

PRESENT PERFECT OU PAST

PRESENT PERFECT OU PAST

I’ve seen Madonna. I saw Madonna yesterday.

He’s just been to New York. He went to New York on Tuesday.

1. (sleep / in a tent) Al has never slept in a tent.

Complete the sentences with been or gone.

1. I'm sorry I’m late. I’ve _____ to the doctor's.

1. wash car V 6. make the beds X

Choose the correct words.

Clique aqui ou copie e cole no navegador o link:

We are the champions – Queen

We are the champions – Queen

And we mean I to go on We are the champions - my friends

Nos slides seguintes,

1. (sleep / in a tent) Al has never slept in a tent.

Complete the sentences with been or gone.

1. I'm sorry I’m late. I’ve been to the doctor's.

paint fence X He hasn’t painted the fence yet

Choose the correct words.

Clique aqui ou copie e cole no navegador o link: