EQUAES DIFERENCIAIS E SRIES

dy y
=x2
dx x

dy 1
y=x 2
dx x
P ( x )=

1
Q ( x ) =x2
x

Pdx
Pdx
y=e . ( e Qdx+C )

y=e

1
dx
x

1x dx

y=e

( e

( e

1
dx
x

1
xdx

( x2 ) dx +C

( x2 ) dx+C

y=eln |x| . ( e ln |x | ( x 2 ) dx +C )
1

||
y=x . ( e (x2)dx +C )
ln

1
x

y=x .

( 1x ( x2) dx+C )

y=x .

( 1 2x dx +C )

y=x

( dx 2 1x dx +C )

y=x ( x2 ln |x|+C )

dy
y . tg x=sen x
dx

P ( x )=tg x Q ( x ) =sen x
Pdx
Pdx
y=e . ( e Qdx+C )

 tg xdx
tg x dx
y=e
. ( e
sen x dx +C )

y=e

tg x dx
. ( e
sen x dx +C )

tg xdx

eln sec x sen x dx +C

ln sec x .
y=e
e

ln 1 /sec x

sen x dx +C

ln sec x .
y=e

y=sec x .

( sec1 x . sen x dx+ C )

y=sec x . ( cos x . sen x dx+C )

cos x . sen x dx
u=sen x du=cos x dx
u du=

y=sec x .

u
se n x
se n x
subst . u=
logo: cos x . sen x dx=
2
2
2

se n2 x
+C
2

dy
=( tg x ) y +cos x
dx

dy
y tg x=cos x
dx
P ( x )=tg x Q ( x ) =cos x
Pdx
P dx
y=e ( e . Q . dx+C )

tg xdx
y=e
( e tg x dx . cos x .dx +C )

y=e

tg xdx

( e

tg x dx

. cos x . dx+C )

eln sec x. cos x .dx+C

ln sec x
y =e

|
y=sec x ( e
ln

y=sec x

1
sec x

| .cos x . dx+ C )

( sec1 x . cos x .dx +C )

y=sec x ( cos x . cos x . dx +C )

y=sec x ( co s 2 x dx+C )
y=sec x

( 12 ( x + sen x cos x +C ))

y=sec x

((

y=sec x

( 12 x + 14 sen 2 x +C )

'

d y +

) )

1
1
x+ sen 2 x +C
2
2

4
4
y=x
x

dy 4
+ y=x 4
dx x
4
P ( x )= Q ( x )=x 4
x
P dx
P dx
y=e ( e .Q . dx+ C )

y=e

4
dx
x

( e

1
4 dx
x

y=e

4
dx
x

( e
4

. x 4 . dx +C

1
dx
x

. x 4 . dx+C

y=e4 ln|x|( e 4 ln|x|. x 4 . dx+C )

ln

y=e

||
1
4
x

( eln|x |. x 4 .dx +C )
4

y=

1
. x 4 . x 4 dx+ C )
4 (
x

y=

1
. x 8 dx +C )
4 (
x

y=

1 x
.
+C
4
9
x

y=

x
C
+ 4
4
9x x

y=

C 1 5
+ x
x4 9

'

e y 5 y=0
dy
5 y =0
dx
P ( x )=5 Q ( x ) =0
P dx

y=e

( e

5 dx

y=e

P dx

( e

.Q . dx+ C )

5 dx

. 0 . dx+ C )

5 dx
y=e ( 0 . dx+ C )

y=e5 x ( C 0+C )
y=Ke5 x

RESOLVER AS SEGUINTES EQUAES DIFERENCIAIS

dy 1
+ y=x y 2
dx x

Soluo:

n=2
w= y

1n

w= y 12= y1
w=

1
y

wy=1

y=

1
w

y=w1 ( 2 )
dy
dw
=1 w11
dx
dx
dy
2 dw
=w
dx
dx
dy 1 dw
=
(3 )
dx w2 dx
Subst . (2 ) e (3 ) em ( 1 ) temos :

1 dy 1 1
1
. + . =x .
2
w
w dx x w

( )

dy 1
x
+ = 2 ( . w2 )
2
w dx xw w
w 2 dy w 2 x w 2
+ =
w2 dx xw w 2
dy w
+ =x ( .1 )
dx x
dy w
=x ( equao linear )
dx x

dy
+ P ( x ) y=Q ( x )
dx
Pdx
Pdx
w=e . ( e Qdx+ C )

w=e

w=e

1
dx
x

dx
x

( e

. e

1
dx
x

dx
x

xdx+C

xdx +C

w=e ln |x| . ( eln |x| xdx+C )

w=x . ( e ln |x | xdx+C )
1

w=x . e

w=x .

ln

|1x| xdx+C )

1
xdx+C
x

w=x . ( dx +C )
w=x . (x+C )
2

w=x +Cx
1
=Cxx 2
y
y=

1
Cxx2

b x

dy
1
+ y= 2
dx
y

Soluo:

xdy y
1
+ = 2
xdx x x y

dy y y 2
+ =
dx x
x
n=2

w= y 1n
w= y 1(2) y= y 3
y=3 w
y=w

1
3

dy 1 3 1 dw
= w
dx 3
dx
dy 1
= w
dx 3

2
3

dw
dx

dy
1 dw
=
.
( 3)
2
dx
dx
3
3w

1
3w

2
3

.
2

3 w3
w

2
3

3w

2
3

1
3

dy w
+ =
dx x

1
1 2
3

( )

x w

1
3

( )

dy w
1
+ =
. w3
2
dx x
xw3
1
3

2
3

2
3

dy w . w
w
+
=
2
dx
x
xw3

1 dy w 1
. + = ( .3 )
3 dx x x
3 dy 3 w 3
. +
=
3 dx x
x
dy 3 w 3
+
= ( equao linear )
dx x
x

3
3
P ( x )= Q ( x ) =
x
x
3
dx
x

w=e

w=e

dx
x

3x dx 3

w=e3 ln|x|.

w=e

ln

| |.
1
3
x

dx+ C

3
dx +C
x

dx
x

( e

3 ln |x|

( 3 e

ln | x |

3
dx+C
x
dx
+C
x

w=

1
dx
. 3 x 3 +C
3
x
x

w=

1
2
3 x dx +C )
3(
x

w=

1
x3
.
3
.
+C
3
3
x

w=

1
3
. ( x +C )
3
x

w=1+

c
3
x

y 3=1+

c
3
x

c
x3

y= 3 1+

dy
3
= y ( x y 1 )
dx

dy
=xy 4 y
dx
dy
+ y =xy 4
dx
n=4
w= y

1n

w= y 14 = y3
1
y

w=

wy =1

y =

1
w

1
w

y=

3 1
w

y= 3

y=

1
w

1
3

1
3

y=w (2)
dy 1
=
w
dx 3

4
3

dw
dx

dy 1 dw
=
4
dx
dx
3w3
1
3

w 4
1
1 dw
.
+w 3 =x
4
dx
3 w3
1

4
3

( )

1 dw
.
+w 3 =x w
4
dx
3 w3

( )

1 dw 1
x
.
+ 1 = 4 .w3
4
dx
3 w3
w3 w 3
4

w 3 dw w 3 x w 3
.
+ 1= 4
4
dx
3
3w
w3
w3
1 dw
+w=x ( .3 )
3 dx
3 dw
dw
3 w=3 x
3 w=3 x ( equao linear )
3 dx
dx
P ( x )=3 Q ( x ) =3 x

3 dx

( 3 x) dx +C

w=e3 dx .
3 dx
3 dx
w=e . ( e (3 x)dx+ C )
3 x

(3 x )dx +C

w=e3 x .
3 x

(3 x )dx

u=3 x du=3 dx

dv=e3 x v =

e3 x
3

e3 x 3 x dx=3 x .

3 x .

3 x

e
3

xe3 x

) e

e3 x
3

3 x

3 x

e
3

dx

3 x

e
3

.(3 dx)

 xe3 x +

e3 x
3

w=e 3 x . xe3 x +

w=x e0 +

e3 x
+c
3

e0
+c e 3 x
3

1
w=x+ +c e 3 x
3
1
1
=x + + c e 3 x
3
3
y
1
3
3x
y =x + +c e
3

dy 2
+ y =xy
dx

d x2

x2

dy
1
xy= y 2 . 2
dx
x

( )

x 2 dy xy y 2 dy y y 2
= 2
= 2
x 2 dx x2
x dx x
x

n=2
w= y 12
1

w= y
w=

1
y

y=

1
w

dy
2 dw
=w
dx
dx

dy 1 dw
=
dx w2 dx
1 dw 1 1 1 1
. = 2.
2
w
w dx x w x

( )

dw
1
1
= 2 2 ( .w 2)
2
w dx xw x w
w2 dw w2
w2
+
=
w2 dx xw x 2 w2
dw 1
1
+ w= 2
dx x
x
1
1
P ( x )= Q ( x ) = 2
x
x
Pdx
Pdx
w=e ( e Qdx+c )

1
dx
x

w=e

w=e

ln

|1x|

1x dx 1

( ( ) )
e

x2

1
dx +c
x2

( ( ) )
e ln |x|

w=

1
x

1
(
( x ) dx +c )

w=

1
x

( 1x dx+ c)

1
w= ( ln |x|+c )
x
w=

dx +c

ln |x| c
+
x
x