Dimetro do arame
Comprimento livre
Nmero de espiras
Extremidade
Nmero de espiras ativas
Mdulo de elasticidade
Coeficiente de Poisson
Mdulo de elasticidade transversal
Dimetro mdio
ndice de esbeltez
Fator de forma esttico
Fator de Wahl
Fator de forma dinmico
Rigidez
Passo
Comprimento slido
Resistncia do material ruptura por trao
Resistncia do material ruptura por cisalhamento
Resistncia do material ao escoamento por cisalhamento
Resistncias
Ensaio
Curso de ensaio
Rigidez de ensaio
Extremidade (ensaio)
Pr-carga (deformao inicial)
Pr-carga
Operacional
Carregamento operacional
Tenso operacional
Coeficiente de segurana esttico operacional
Curso total
Total
Carregamento total
Tenso total
Limite
Limite de fadiga
Goodman
Gerber
ASME
Soderberg
Goodman
Gerber
ASME
208.45
312.67
416.89
521.11
625.34
729.56
833.78
938.00
1042.23
Resistncia trao
Resistncia trao
1700.0
Resistncia (MPa)
1600.0
1500.0
1400.0
1300.0
0
10
dimetro (mm)
12
14
16
Mola
1
fDe (mm)
fd (mm)
l0 (mm)
N
e
Na
E (GPa)
n
G (GPa)
fD (mm)
C
Ks
Kw
97.00
9.00
159.00
6.50
2.00
4.50
207.00
0.30
79.92
88.00
9.78
1.05
67.50
11.00
233.00
13.50
2.00
11.50
207.00
0.30
79.92
56.50
5.14
1.10
S
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
1618.7
1568.1
1525.5
1488.9
1456.9
1428.6
1403.2
1380.2
1359.3
Pr-carga
Deflexo (mm) Carga (N)
0.00
0.00
1.00
24.27
2.00
48.53
3.00
72.80
4.00
97.06
5.00
121.33
6.00
145.59
7.00
169.86
8.00
194.12
9.00
218.39
10.00
242.65
11.00
266.92
12.00
291.18
13.00
315.45
14.00
339.71
15.00
363.98
16.00
388.25
17.00
412.51
18.00
436.78
1.15
1.30
15
1340.1
19.00
461.04
Kc
k (N/mm)
p (mm)
ls (mm)
1.09
21.37
31.33
58.50
1.19
70.52
18.35
148.50
16
1322.3
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
485.31
509.57
533.84
558.10
Srt (MPa)
1488.90
1428.55
24.00
582.37
Src (MPa)
1171.04
1123.58
25.00
606.63
Sec (MPa)
1042.23
999.99
26.00
630.90
Se (MPa)
1325.12
1271.41
27.00
655.16
Sac (MPa)
398.00
398.00
28.00
679.43
Smc (MPa)
A (MPa)
m
Fe (N)
534.00
2342.10
0.2062
2295.50
534.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
703.69
727.96
752.23
776.49
le (mm)
94.60
33.00
800.76
ke (N/mm)
24.27
34.00
825.02
ee
35.00
849.29
li (mm)
40.00
11.00
36.00
873.55
Fi (N)
970.61
775.71
37.00
897.82
ti (MPa)
313.62
92.01
38.00
922.08
lo (mm)
Fo (N)
to (MPa)
co
lt (mm)
Ft (N)
tt (MPa)
1.76
54.60
54.50
39.00
946.35
1324.89
3843.30
40.00
970.61
444.92
492.57
41.00
994.88
2.34
2.03
42.00
1019.14
94.60
65.50
43.00
1043.41
2295.50
4619.02
44.00
1067.67
741.71
547.90
45.00
1091.94
lg (mm)
100.50
84.50
46.00
1116.21
Fg (N)
2438.67
5958.88
47.00
1140.47
787.96
706.84
48.00
1164.74
tg (MPa)
cs
1.32
1.41
49.00
1189.00
lt (mm)
132.93
119.55
50.00
1213.27
Ft (N)
3225.58
8430.25
51.00
1237.53
SnS (MPa)
816.18
854.09
52.00
1261.80
SnGd (MPa)
731.62
758.48
53.00
1286.06
SnGb (MPa)
502.49
514.13
54.00
1310.33
SnA (MPa)
463.45
470.74
55.00
56.00
57.00
58.00
59.00
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
64.00
65.00
66.00
67.00
68.00
69.00
70.00
71.00
72.00
73.00
74.00
75.00
76.00
77.00
78.00
79.00
80.00
81.00
82.00
83.00
84.00
85.00
86.00
87.00
88.00
89.00
90.00
91.00
92.00
93.00
94.00
94.60
1334.59
1358.86
1383.12
1407.39
1431.65
1455.92
1480.18
1504.45
1528.72
1552.98
1577.25
1601.51
1625.78
1650.04
1674.31
1698.57
1722.84
1747.10
1771.37
1795.63
1819.90
1844.16
1868.43
1892.70
1916.96
1941.23
1965.49
1989.76
2014.02
2038.29
2062.55
2086.82
2111.08
2135.35
2159.61
2183.88
2208.14
2232.41
2256.68
2280.94
2295.50
0
1042.23
0
1171.04
0
117.10
234.21
351.31
468.42
585.52
702.63
819.73
936.83
1053.94
1171.04
0.00
104.22
208.45
312.67
416.89
521.11
625.34
729.56
833.78
938.00
1042.23
816.18
0
731.62
0
502.49
497.46
482.39
457.26
422.09
376.87
321.59
256.27
180.90
95.47
0.00
463.45
461.13
454.09
442.11
424.76
401.36
370.76
330.97
278.07
202.02
0.00
0
999.99
0
1123.58
0
112.3581
224.7162
337.0743
449.4323
561.7904
674.1485
786.5066
898.8647
1011.223
1123.581
0
99.9987
199.9974
299.9961
399.9948
499.9935
599.9922
699.9909
799.9896
899.9883
999.987
854.09
0
758.48
0
514.1308
508.9895
493.5656
467.859
431.8699
385.5981
329.0437
262.2067
185.0871
97.68486
0
470.7385
468.3789
461.2276
449.0559
431.4389
407.6715
376.5908
336.1745
282.4431
205.1901
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Diagrama de fadiga
Diagrama de fadiga
Amplitude de tenso (MPa)
10
20
30
40
900
Diagramas de fadiga
Soderberg
Goodman
Gerber
ASME
Coeficiente de segurana - Soderberg
Coeficiente de segurana - Goodman
Coeficiente de segurana - Gerber
Coeficiente de segurana - ASME
800
700
18
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
200
400
Pr-carga
Tenso mnima (MPa)
0.00
7.84
15.68
23.52
31.36
39.20
47.04
54.88
62.72
70.56
78.40
86.24
94.09
101.93
109.77
117.61
125.45
133.29
141.13
1
Carregamento varivel
Tenso mxima (MPa) Tenso mdia (MPa)
770.88
385.44
770.57
389.20
770.26
392.97
769.95
396.74
769.64
400.50
769.33
404.27
769.03
408.03
768.72
411.80
768.41
415.57
768.10
419.33
767.79
423.10
767.48
426.86
767.18
430.63
766.87
434.40
766.56
438.16
766.25
441.93
765.94
445.69
765.63
449.46
765.33
453.23
148.97
75.60
1834.46
765.02
456.99
156.81
164.65
172.49
180.33
74.60
73.60
72.60
71.60
1810.19
1785.93
1761.66
1737.40
764.71
764.40
764.09
763.78
460.76
464.52
468.29
472.06
188.17
70.60
1713.13
763.48
475.82
196.01
69.60
1688.87
763.17
479.59
203.85
68.60
1664.60
762.86
483.36
211.69
67.60
1640.34
762.55
487.12
219.53
66.60
1616.07
762.24
490.89
227.37
235.21
243.05
250.89
65.60
64.60
63.60
62.60
1591.81
1567.54
1543.27
1519.01
761.93
761.63
761.32
761.01
494.65
498.42
502.19
505.95
258.73
61.60
1494.74
760.70
509.72
266.58
60.60
1470.48
760.39
513.48
274.42
59.60
1446.21
760.08
517.25
282.26
58.60
1421.95
759.78
521.02
290.10
57.60
1397.68
759.47
524.78
297.94
56.60
1373.42
759.16
528.55
305.78
55.60
1349.15
758.85
532.31
313.62
54.60
1324.89
758.54
536.08
321.46
53.60
1300.62
758.23
539.85
329.30
52.60
1276.36
757.93
543.61
337.14
51.60
1252.09
757.62
547.38
344.98
50.60
1227.83
757.31
551.14
352.82
49.60
1203.56
757.00
554.91
360.66
48.60
1179.29
756.69
558.68
368.50
47.60
1155.03
756.38
562.44
376.34
46.60
1130.76
756.07
566.21
384.18
45.60
1106.50
755.77
569.97
392.02
44.60
1082.23
755.46
573.74
399.86
43.60
1057.97
755.15
577.51
407.70
42.60
1033.70
754.84
581.27
415.54
41.60
1009.44
754.53
585.04
423.38
40.60
985.17
754.22
588.80
431.22
439.06
446.91
454.75
462.59
470.43
478.27
486.11
493.95
501.79
509.63
517.47
525.31
533.15
540.99
548.83
556.67
564.51
572.35
580.19
588.03
595.87
603.71
611.55
619.39
627.24
635.08
642.92
650.76
658.60
666.44
674.28
682.12
689.96
697.80
705.64
713.48
721.32
729.16
737.00
741.71
39.60
38.60
37.60
36.60
35.60
34.60
33.60
32.60
31.60
30.60
29.60
28.60
27.60
26.60
25.60
24.60
23.60
22.60
21.60
20.60
19.60
18.60
17.60
16.60
15.60
14.60
13.60
12.60
11.60
10.60
9.60
8.60
7.60
6.60
5.60
4.60
3.60
2.60
1.60
0.60
0.00
960.91
936.64
912.38
888.11
863.85
839.58
815.32
791.05
766.78
742.52
718.25
693.99
669.72
645.46
621.19
596.93
572.66
548.40
524.13
499.87
475.60
451.34
427.07
402.80
378.54
354.27
330.01
305.74
281.48
257.21
232.95
208.68
184.42
160.15
135.89
111.62
87.36
63.09
38.82
14.56
0.00
753.92
753.61
753.30
752.99
752.68
752.37
752.07
751.76
751.45
751.14
750.83
750.52
750.22
749.91
749.60
749.29
748.98
748.67
748.37
748.06
747.75
747.44
747.13
746.82
746.52
746.21
745.90
745.59
745.28
744.97
744.67
744.36
744.05
743.74
743.43
743.12
742.82
742.51
742.20
741.89
741.71
592.57
596.34
600.10
603.87
607.63
611.40
615.17
618.93
622.70
626.46
630.23
634.00
637.76
641.53
645.30
649.06
652.83
656.59
660.36
664.13
667.89
671.66
675.42
679.19
682.96
686.72
690.49
694.25
698.02
701.79
705.55
709.32
713.08
716.85
720.62
724.38
728.15
731.91
735.68
739.45
741.71
60
70
80
90
100
1.70
1.63
1.56
1.49
1.42
1.35
1.28
1.21
1.14
600
800
1000
Tenso mdia (MPa)
1.07
1200
Mola
to varivel
Amplitude de tenso (MPa)
385.44
381.36
377.29
373.21
369.14
365.07
360.99
356.92
352.84
348.77
344.69
340.62
336.55
332.47
328.40
324.32
320.25
316.17
312.10
Coeficiente de segurana
Soderberg Goodman Gerber
1.19
1.17
1.12
1.19
1.17
1.13
1.19
1.17
1.14
1.19
1.18
1.14
1.20
1.18
1.15
1.20
1.18
1.16
1.20
1.19
1.16
1.20
1.19
1.17
1.20
1.19
1.18
1.21
1.20
1.18
1.21
1.20
1.19
1.21
1.20
1.20
1.21
1.21
1.20
1.21
1.21
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.21
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.22
1.23
1.22
1.23
1.23
1.22
1.23
1.24
ASME
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
Pr-carga
Deflexo (mm) Carga (N)
308.02
1.23
1.23
1.25
1.30
303.95
299.88
295.80
291.73
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.23
1.24
1.24
1.24
1.25
1.25
1.26
1.26
1.27
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
287.65
1.24
1.25
1.28
1.35
283.58
1.24
1.25
1.28
1.36
279.50
1.24
1.26
1.29
1.37
275.43
1.24
1.26
1.29
1.38
271.35
1.24
1.27
1.30
1.39
267.28
263.21
259.13
255.06
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.27
1.27
1.28
1.28
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
0.00
70.52
141.04
211.56
250.98
1.26
1.28
1.33
1.44
4.00
282.08
246.91
1.26
1.29
1.34
1.45
5.00
352.60
242.83
1.26
1.29
1.34
1.46
6.00
423.12
238.76
1.26
1.30
1.35
1.47
7.00
493.64
234.69
1.26
1.30
1.35
1.48
8.00
564.15
230.61
1.27
1.30
1.36
1.49
9.00
634.67
226.54
1.27
1.31
1.36
1.50
10.00
705.19
222.46
1.27
1.31
1.37
1.51
11.00
775.71
218.39
1.27
1.32
1.38
1.52
12.00
846.23
214.31
1.28
1.32
1.38
1.53
13.00
916.75
210.24
1.28
1.32
1.39
1.54
14.00
987.27
206.16
1.28
1.33
1.39
1.54
15.00
1057.79
202.09
1.28
1.33
1.40
1.55
16.00
1128.31
198.02
1.28
1.34
1.40
1.56
17.00
1198.83
193.94
1.29
1.34
1.41
1.57
18.00
1269.35
189.87
1.29
1.35
1.41
1.58
19.00
1339.87
185.79
1.29
1.35
1.42
1.59
20.00
1410.39
181.72
1.29
1.35
1.42
1.59
21.00
1480.91
177.64
1.30
1.36
1.43
1.60
22.00
1551.43
173.57
1.30
1.36
1.43
1.61
23.00
1621.94
169.49
1.30
1.37
1.44
1.62
24.00
1692.46
165.42
1.30
1.37
1.44
1.62
25.00
1762.98
161.35
157.27
153.20
149.12
145.05
140.97
136.90
132.83
128.75
124.68
120.60
116.53
112.45
108.38
104.30
100.23
96.16
92.08
88.01
83.93
79.86
75.78
71.71
67.63
63.56
59.49
55.41
51.34
47.26
43.19
39.11
35.04
30.97
26.89
22.82
18.74
14.67
10.59
6.52
2.44
0.00
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.31
1.32
1.32
1.32
1.32
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.33
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.34
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.35
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.36
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.37
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.38
1.38
1.39
1.39
1.39
1.40
1.40
1.41
1.41
1.42
1.42
1.43
1.43
1.44
1.44
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.58
1.45
1.45
1.46
1.46
1.46
1.47
1.47
1.48
1.48
1.49
1.49
1.49
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.51
1.51
1.52
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.53
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.55
1.55
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.57
1.57
1.57
1.58
1.58
1.58
1.63
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.65
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.68
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.67
1.66
1.66
1.65
1.65
1.64
1.64
1.63
1.63
1.62
1.61
1.61
1.60
1.59
1.58
1.58
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00
31.00
32.00
33.00
34.00
35.00
36.00
37.00
38.00
39.00
40.00
41.00
42.00
43.00
44.00
45.00
46.00
47.00
48.00
49.00
50.00
51.00
52.00
53.00
54.00
55.00
56.00
57.00
58.00
59.00
60.00
61.00
62.00
63.00
64.00
65.00
65.50
1833.50
1904.02
1974.54
2045.06
2115.58
2186.10
2256.62
2327.14
2397.66
2468.18
2538.70
2609.22
2679.73
2750.25
2820.77
2891.29
2961.81
3032.33
3102.85
3173.37
3243.89
3314.41
3384.93
3455.45
3525.97
3596.49
3667.00
3737.52
3808.04
3878.56
3949.08
4019.60
4090.12
4160.64
4231.16
4301.68
4372.20
4442.72
4513.24
4583.76
4619.02
Diagrama de fadiga
Diagrama de fadiga
10
20
Diagramas de fadiga
Soderberg
Goodman
Gerber
ASME
Coeficiente de segurana - Soderberg
Coeficiente de segurana - Goodman
Coeficiente de segurana - Gerber
Coeficiente de segurana - ASME
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
200
400
Pr-carga
Tenso mnima (MPa)
2
Carregamento varivel
Deflexo (mm) Carga (N) Tenso mxima (MPa) Tenso mdia (MPa)
0.00
8.36
16.73
25.09
65.50
64.50
63.50
62.50
4619.02
4548.50
4477.98
4407.46
591.99
591.31
590.64
589.97
295.99
299.84
303.69
307.53
33.46
61.50
4336.94
589.29
311.38
41.82
60.50
4266.42
588.62
315.22
50.19
59.50
4195.90
587.95
319.07
58.55
58.50
4125.38
587.28
322.91
66.92
57.50
4054.86
586.60
326.76
75.28
56.50
3984.34
585.93
330.61
83.65
55.50
3913.82
585.26
334.45
92.01
54.50
3843.30
584.58
338.30
100.38
53.50
3772.78
583.91
342.14
108.74
52.50
3702.26
583.24
345.99
117.11
51.50
3631.75
582.56
349.84
125.47
50.50
3561.23
581.89
353.68
133.84
49.50
3490.71
581.22
357.53
142.20
48.50
3420.19
580.54
361.37
150.57
47.50
3349.67
579.87
365.22
158.93
46.50
3279.15
579.20
369.07
167.30
45.50
3208.63
578.53
372.91
175.66
44.50
3138.11
577.85
376.76
184.03
43.50
3067.59
577.18
380.60
192.39
42.50
2997.07
576.51
384.45
200.76
41.50
2926.55
575.83
388.30
209.12
40.50
2856.03
575.16
392.14
217.49
225.85
234.22
242.58
250.95
259.31
267.68
276.04
284.41
292.77
301.14
309.50
317.87
326.23
334.60
342.96
351.33
359.69
368.06
376.42
384.79
393.15
401.52
409.88
418.25
426.61
434.98
443.34
451.71
460.07
468.44
476.80
485.17
493.53
501.90
510.26
518.63
526.99
535.36
543.72
547.90
39.50
38.50
37.50
36.50
35.50
34.50
33.50
32.50
31.50
30.50
29.50
28.50
27.50
26.50
25.50
24.50
23.50
22.50
21.50
20.50
19.50
18.50
17.50
16.50
15.50
14.50
13.50
12.50
11.50
10.50
9.50
8.50
7.50
6.50
5.50
4.50
3.50
2.50
1.50
0.50
0.00
2785.51
2714.99
2644.47
2573.96
2503.44
2432.92
2362.40
2291.88
2221.36
2150.84
2080.32
2009.80
1939.28
1868.76
1798.24
1727.72
1657.20
1586.68
1516.17
1445.65
1375.13
1304.61
1234.09
1163.57
1093.05
1022.53
952.01
881.49
810.97
740.45
669.93
599.41
528.89
458.38
387.86
317.34
246.82
176.30
105.78
35.26
0.00
574.49
573.81
573.14
572.47
571.80
571.12
570.45
569.78
569.10
568.43
567.76
567.08
566.41
565.74
565.07
564.39
563.72
563.05
562.37
561.70
561.03
560.35
559.68
559.01
558.33
557.66
556.99
556.32
555.64
554.97
554.30
553.62
552.95
552.28
551.60
550.93
550.26
549.59
548.91
548.24
547.90
395.99
399.83
403.68
407.53
411.37
415.22
419.06
422.91
426.76
430.60
434.45
438.29
442.14
445.99
449.83
453.68
457.52
461.37
465.21
469.06
472.91
476.75
480.60
484.44
488.29
492.14
495.98
499.83
503.67
507.52
511.37
515.21
519.06
522.90
526.75
530.60
534.44
538.29
542.13
545.98
547.90
Deflexo (pr-carga)
30
40
50
60
Diagramas de fadiga
600
800
1000
Tenso mdia (MPa)
to varivel
Amplitude de tenso (MPa)
Coeficiente de segurana
Soderberg Goodman Gerber
ASME
295.99
291.47
286.96
282.44
1.56
1.56
1.56
1.57
1.53
1.54
1.54
1.55
1.47
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.47
1.48
1.50
1.52
277.92
1.57
1.55
1.52
1.53
273.40
1.57
1.56
1.53
1.55
268.88
1.58
1.57
1.54
1.57
264.36
1.58
1.57
1.56
1.59
259.84
1.58
1.58
1.57
1.60
255.32
1.59
1.59
1.58
1.62
250.80
1.59
1.59
1.59
1.64
246.28
1.60
1.60
1.60
1.66
241.77
1.60
1.60
1.61
1.67
237.25
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.69
232.73
1.61
1.62
1.64
1.71
228.21
1.61
1.62
1.65
1.73
223.69
1.61
1.63
1.66
1.75
219.17
1.62
1.64
1.67
1.77
214.65
1.62
1.64
1.68
1.79
210.13
1.63
1.65
1.69
1.80
205.61
1.63
1.66
1.70
1.82
201.09
1.63
1.67
1.71
1.84
196.58
1.64
1.67
1.72
1.86
192.06
1.64
1.68
1.73
1.88
187.54
1.65
1.69
1.74
1.90
183.02
1.65
1.69
1.76
1.91
178.50
173.98
169.46
164.94
160.42
155.90
151.39
146.87
142.35
137.83
133.31
128.79
124.27
119.75
115.23
110.72
106.20
101.68
97.16
92.64
88.12
83.60
79.08
74.56
70.04
65.53
61.01
56.49
51.97
47.45
42.93
38.41
33.89
29.37
24.85
20.34
15.82
11.30
6.78
2.26
0.00
1.65
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.67
1.68
1.68
1.69
1.69
1.69
1.70
1.70
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.73
1.74
1.74
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.76
1.77
1.77
1.78
1.78
1.79
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.82
1.83
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.05
2.05
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.96
1.97
1.97
1.98
1.99
1.99
2.00
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.02
2.03
2.03
2.04
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.05
1.93
1.95
1.97
1.98
2.00
2.02
2.03
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.16
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.18
2.17
2.17
2.17
2.16
2.15
2.15
2.14
2.13
2.12
2.11
2.10
2.08
2.07
2.06
2.05
Coeficiente de segurana
70
2.30
2.20
2.10
2.00
1.90
1.80
1.70
1.60
1.50
1.40
1200