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Licenciatura em Informtica Ingls Instrumental 3 Parte

Uso do Dicionrio

Ol aluno, o Dicionrio: To use or not to use? Thats the question! Recorra ao
dicionrio apenas para as palavras-chave durante a leitura do texto. A seguir
mostrado um exemplo de consulta de palavra ao dicionrio, para o significado da
palavra play.

Em ingls play / plei / s. 1. jogo m., partida, disputa f. 2. divertimento m.,
brincadeira f. 3.folguedo, passatempo m. 4. pea teatral ou
cinematogrfica f. 5. (Mus.) execuo, interpretao f. 6. gracejo
m. 7. jogatina f., modo m. de jogar 8. (Mec) jogo m., folga f. 9.
lance m., jogada f. 10. atividade, ao f., movimento m. / / v. 1.
jogar, disputar. 2. brincar, folgar, divertir-se. 3. tocar
(instrumentos musicais), executar. 4. agir, proceder. S. vibrar,
oscilar, tremular. 6. representar, desempenhar. 7. (Mec.) jogar, ter
folga. 8. por em movimento, movimentar, acionar. 9. bancar,
fingir. 10. apostar. 11. imitar. a ~ of Shaw (ou by Shaw) uma
pea de Shaw; at~ em jogo. at the ~ no teatro. in full ~ em plena
atividade. to bring into ~ movimentar, acionar. to ~ one's
abilities proporcionar ambiente em que algum possa
desenvolver livremente as suas aptides. said in ~ dito por
brincadeira. ~ in the gear folga no jogo da engrenagem. ~ of
colours jogo de cores. to ~ around (fam.) namorar, flertar. to ~
at 1. participar (de um jogo). 2. brincar com. 3. fazer de conta. to
~ a trick on pregar uma pea em. to ~ both ends against the
middle (fam.) jogar com varias possibilidades. to ~ down
depreciar, negligenciar. to ~ fair agir corretamente. to ~ false
enganar, trair. to ~ first violin. ter papel preponderante. to ~ foul
proceder incorretamente. to ~ horse with (E.UA., giria) 1. fazer
gato e sapato de. 2. desarrumar, lanar em desordem. to ~ into a
person's hands favorecer algum. to ~ off 1. fazer, agir, praticar.
2. dar espetculo, fazer cenas. 3. fingir. 4. concluir um jogo. to ~
on (ou upon) tocar de leve, roar. to ~ on (ou upon) words fazer
trocadilhos. to ~ one's cards empregar seus recursos. to ~ out 1.
acabar, terminar. 2. fatigar, cansar, exaurir. 3. perder a eficcia.

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to ~ politics intrigar, maquinar, tramar. to ~ safe (fam.) agir com
cautela. to ~ the fool bancar 0 bobo. to ~ the game observar as
regras do jogo, agir corretamente. to ~ the gentleman bancar 0
cavalheiro. to ~ the market jogar na bolsa, especular. to ~
truant gazetear, cabular, faltar as aulas. to ~ up provocar,
espicaar. to ~ up to (gria) 1. contracenar. 2. apoiar. 3. adular,
bajular. to ~ with 1. brincar com. 2. jogar contra. 3. fazer pouco
de. to ~ with fire brincar com fogo. they ~ed the devil with him
procedem sem chance de sucesso. they are ~ed out eles esto
esgotados .


Em Portugus: tocar / to'kar / vt touch; play < piano, musica, disco etc >; ring
<campainha> vi touch; <pianista, muska, disco etc> play;
<campainha, telefone, sino> ring; ~-se vpr touch; (mancar-se) take
the hint; ~ a (dizer respeito) concern; ~ em touch; touch on
<assunto>
Exerccios:
Localize no dicionrio o significado das palavras: hungry, run away, give up, fight,
underneath. Quais classes gramaticais elas pertencem?

Grupos Verbais

Caro aluno, o quadro seguinte mostra o uso e as formas afirmativa, negativa e
interrogativa dos principais tempos verbais (voz ativa e passiva) e modais em
ingls. Os dados listados neste quadro tm o objetivo de evidenciar uma frmula
inerente a cada tempo verbal. Para tanto, a comparao a estratgia de
identificao de constantes e variveis do sistema, as quais atuam como eixos
norteadores ao leitor em ingls instrumental.

TEMPO
VERBAL
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA USOS
1. Infinitivo to have
to do
to delete
not to have
not to do
not to delete
"nome" do verbo
(sem flexo).
2.
Imperativo
Do it!
Delete the file,
please.
Don't do it!
Don't delete the file!
Ordem, comando,
instruo, pedido,
oferecimento.
3. Presente
simples
She deletes her
files.
They enter
information.

She doesn't delete her files.
They don't enter information.
Does she delete
her files?
Do they enter
information?
Atividades habituais,
estados.

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4. Presente
contnuo
I am deleting files.
She is processing
the information.
They are checking
the equipment.
I am not deleting files.
She isn't processing the
information.
They aren't checking the
equipment.
Are you deleting
files?
Is she processing
the information?
Are they checking
the equipment?
Aes acontecendo no
momento em que se fala
delas;
Aes futuras prximas e
agendadas,
programadas.
5. Futuro
simples
I will ('ll) delete
files.
She will insert the
information.
They will check
the equipment.
I won't delete files.
She won't insert the
information.
They won't check the
equipment.
Will I delete files?
Will she insert the
information?
Will they check
the equipment?
Decises sobre o futuro
tomadas no momento,
previses, ofertas,
promessas.
6. Futuro
contnuo
I will be deleting
files.
She will be
inserting the
information.
They will be
checking the
equipment.
I won't be deleting files.
She won't be inserting the
information.
They won't be checking the
equipment.
Will you be
deleting files?
Will she be
inserting the
information?
Will they be
checking the
equipment?
Ao futura acontecendo
num momento especfico
focalizado.
7. Futuro
com "going
to"
She is going to
delete it.
They are going to
check it.
She isn't going to delete it.
They aren't going to check it
Is she going to
delete it?
Are they going to
check it?
Inteno futura;
Ao planejada.
8. Passado
simples
She deleted it.
They deleted it.
Daniel wrote it.
She didn't delete it.
They didn't delete it.
Daniel didn't write it.
Did she delete it?
Did they delete it?
Did Daniel write?
Aes num momento
definido do passsado
(yesterday, last century,
last year).
9. Passado
contnuo
She was deleting
it.
They were
deleting it.
Daniel was writing
it.
She wasn't deleting it.
They weren't deleting it.
Daniel wasn't writing it.
Was she deleting
it?
Were they
deleting it?
Was Daniel
writing?
Aes que estavam
ocorrendo no passado
quando forem referidas.
Muitas vezes se
relacionam a outras na
frase.
10.
Presente
perfeito
She has deleted it.
They have deleted
it.
Daniel has written
it.
She hasn't deleted it.
They haven't deleted it.
Daniel hasn't written it
Has she deleted
it?
Have they deleted
it?
Has Daniel written
it?
Para expressar ao que
comeou no passado e
continua no presente;
para indicar passado no
especificado; para
expressar uma ao que
acabou de acontecer e
tem efeito presente.
11.
Presente
perfeito
contnuo
She has been
deleting it.
They have been
deleting it.
Daniel has been
writing it.
She hasn't been deleting it.
They haven't been deleting
it.
Daniel hasn't been writing it.
Has she been
deleting it.
Have they been
deleting it?
Has Daniel been
writing it?
Para enfatizar que algo
que comeou no
passado e continua no
presente sem
interrupes.
12.
Passado
perfeito
She had deleted
it.
They had deleted
it.
Daniel had written
it.
She hadn't deleted it.
They hadn't deleted it.
Daniel hadn't written it
Had she deleted
it?
Had they deleted
it?
Had Daniel written
it?
Para expressar aes
que acontece antes de
outra ao no passado.

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13.
Passado
perfeito
contnuo
She had been
deleting it.
They had been
deleting it.
Daniel had been
writing it.
She hadn't been deleting it.
They hadn't been deleting
it.
Daniel hadn't been writing it.
Had she been
deleting it.
Had they been
deleting it?
Had Daniel been
writing it?
Para expressar a
duraode uma aividade
contnua comeada
antes de outra no
passado.
14. Futuro
perfeito
She'll (will) have
deleted it by this
time tomorrow.
We will have gone
home.
She'll (will) have deleted it
by this time tomorrow.
We will have gone home.
Will she have
deleted it by this
time tomorrow?
Will we have gone
home?
Para expressar o que
ter acontecido ou
quanto tempo ter
durado at determinado
ponto do futuro.
15. Modais*

She can file it.
She could file it.
They should file it.
They ought to file
it.
They must file it.
She may file it.
She might file it.
They would file it.
They will file it.
She cannot file it.
She could not file it.
They should not file it.
They ought not to file it.
They must not file it.
She may not file it.
She might not file it.
They wouldn't file it.
They won't file it.
Can she file it?
Could she file it?
Should they file it.
Must they file it?
May she file it?
Might she file it?
Would the file it?
Will they file it?
Can/could: habilidade,
permisso, possibilidade.
Should/ought to:
recomendao.
May/might: permisso,
probalidade.
Would: condicional.
Will: futuro.

Voz Passiva:

TEMPO
VERBAL
AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA INTERROGATIVA
1. Presente
simples
It is done.
They are deleted.
It isn't done
They aren't deleted
Is it done?
Are they deleted?
2. Presente
contnuo
It is being done. It isn't being done. Is it done?
3. Futuro
simples
It will be done.
The data will be deleted.
It won't be done.
The data won't be
deleted.
Will it be done?
Will it be done?
4. Futuro com
"going to"
It is going to be done.

It isn't going to be done. Is it going to be done?
5. Passado
simples
It was done.
Files were deleted.
It wasn't done.
Files weren't deleted.
Was it done?
Were files deleted
6. Passado
contnuo
It was being done.
Files were being
checked.
It wasn't being done.
Files weren't being
checked.
Was it being done
Were files being checked?
7. Presente
perfeito
It has been done.
Files have been deleted.
It hasn't been done.
Files haven't been
deleted.
Has it been done?
Have files been deleted?
8. Passado
perfeito
It had been done.
Files had been deleted.
It hadn't been done.
Files hadn't been
deleted.
Had it been done?
Had files been deleted?
9. Futuro
perfeito
It will have been done.
Files will have been
deleted.
It won't have been done.
Files won't have been
deleted.
Will it have been done?
Will files have been deleted?
10. Modais It could have been done.
Files should have been
deleted.
It couldn't have been
done.
Files shouldn't have
been deleted.
Could it have been done?
Should files have been
deleted?

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MODAIS E OUTROS SIGNIFICADO EXEMPLOS
can habilidade (presente) I can help him.
I cannot (can't) help him.
Can I help him?
possibilidade
permisso
could habilidade (passado) I could go.
I could not (couldn't) go.
Could I go?
possibilidade
permisso
may possibilidade I may go.
I may not go.
May I go?
permisso
might possibilidade I might get a visa.
I might not get a visa.
Might I get a visa?
permisso
should recomendao John should speak English.
John should not (shouldn't)
speak English.
Should John speak English?
must obrigao I must study.
I don't have to study.
Must I study?
have to obrigao I have to study.
I don't have to study.
Do I have to study?
mustn't

proibio You musn't park here.
ought to recomendao I ought to go.
I ought not (oughtn't) go.
Ought you to go?
would condicional ( -ria) I would (I'd) go.
I would not (wouldn't) go.
Would you go?
will futuro I will stay.
I will not (won't) stay.
Will you stay?
be going to futuro (aco planejada) She is ('s) going to study.
She is not (isn't) going to study.
Is she going to study?
be able to habilidade I am (I'm) able to swim.
She is not (isn't) able to swim.
Are they able to swim?
used to costume passado I used to swim.
I did not (didn't) use to swim.
Did you use to swim?
had better recomendao (seria melhor) We had (We'd) better go.
Had we better go?
would rather preferncia I would (I'd) rather stay at home.
Would you rather walk than ride?
I wouldn't rather walk than ride.



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Caro aluno, os verbos irregulares do idioma ingls so todos aqueles que no
seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e do Particpio Passado.

A formao do Past (Passado) e do Past Participle (Particpio Passado), de
acordo com a regra geral, se d atravs do sufixo - ed. Exemplo: o verbo to walk
(caminhar) regular e seu passado walked e seu particpio passado tambm
walked = I walk (Eu caminho); I walked (Eu caminhei); I had walked (Eu tinha
caminhado). Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser classificado de
irregular. A seguir, a lista dos verbos irregulares.

Infinitivo Passado Particpio Passado Infinitivo Passado Particpio Passado
arise - arose - arisen [surgir; erguer-se]
awake - awoke - awoken [despertar]
be - was; were - been [ser; estar]
bear - bore - borne [suportar; dar a luz]
beat - beat - beaten [bater]
become - became - become [tornar-se]
begin - began - begun [comear]
behold - beheld - beheld [contemplar]
bend - bent - bent [curvar, entortar]
bet - bet - bet [apostar]
bid - bid - bid [oferecer, fazer uma oferta]
bind - bound - bound [unir; encadernar]
bite - bit - bitten [morder]
bleed - bled - bled [sangrar]
blow - blew - blown [soprar; explodir]
break - broke - broken [quebrar]
breed - bred - bred [procriar, reproduzir]
bring - brought - brought [trazer]
broadcast - broadcast - broadcast [irradiar,
transmitir (via TV ou rdio)]
build - built - built [construir]
buy - bought - bought [comprar]
cast - cast - cast [arremessar, atirar]
catch - caught - caught [pegar, apanhar]
choose - chose - chosen [escolher]
come - came - come [vir]
cost - cost - cost [custar]
creep - crept - crept [rastejar]
cut - cut- cut [cortar]
deal - dealt - dealt [negociar, tratar]
dig - dug - dug [cavar]
do - did - done [fazer]
draw - drew - drawn [desenhar]
drink - drank - drunk [beber]
drive - drove - driven [dirigir (veculo)]
eat - ate - eaten [comer]
fall - fell - fallen [cair]
lose - lost - lost [perder]
make - made - made [fazer, fabricar]
mean - meant - meant [significar]
meet - met - met [encontrar; conhecer]
overcome - overcame - overcome [superar]
overtake - overtook - overtaken [alcanar;
conseguir]
pay - paid - paid [pagar]
put - put - put [pr, colocar]
quit - quit - quit [desistir, abandonar]
read /riid/ - read /rd/ - read /rd/ [ler]
ride - rode - ridden [cavalgar; andar (de
bicicleta); passear]
ring - rang - rung [tocar (campainha)]
rise - rose - risen [erguer-se]
run - ran - run [correr; concorrer (em
eleio)]
saw - sawed - sawn [serrar]
say - said - said [dizer]
see - saw - seen [ver]
seek - sought - sought [buscar; procurar]
sell - sold - sold [vender]
send - sent - sent [enviar]
set - set - set [pr, colocar; ajustar]
shake - shook - shaken [tremer]
shed - shed - shed [derramar]
shine - shone - shone [brilhar, reluzir]
shoot - shot - shot [atirar; filmar]
show - showed - shown [mostar, exibir]
shrink - shrank - shrunk [encolher]
shut - shut - shut [fechar]
sing - sang - sung [cantar]
sink - sank - sunk [afundar]
sit - sat - sat [sentar]
slay - slew - slain [matar, assassinar]
sleep - slept - slept [dormir]
slide - slid - slid [deslizar, escorregar]

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feed - fed - fed [alimentar]
feel - felt - felt [sentir]
fight - fought - fought [lutar]
find - found - found [encontrar]
flee - fled - fled [fugir, escapar]
fly - flew - flown [voar; pilotar]
forbid - forbade - forbidden [proibir]
forget - forgot - forgotten [esquecer]
forgive - forgave - forgiven [perdoar]
freeze - froze - frozen [congelar]
get - got - gotten [obter]
give - gave - given [dar]
go - went - gone [ir]
grind - ground - ground [moer]
grow - grew - grown [crescer; cultivar]
have - had - had [ter]
hear - heard - heard [ouvir]
hide - hid - hidden [esconder]
hit - hit - hit [bater, atingir]
hold - held - held [segurar; abraar]
hurt - hurt - hurt [ferir, machucar; magoar]
keep - kept - kept [manter]
know - knew - known [saber; conhecer]
lay - laid - laid [pr; botar ovos]
lead - led - led [liderar]
leave - left - left [deixar, partir]
lend - lent - lent [emprestar]
let - let - let [deixar]
lie - lay - lain [deitar]

speak - spoke - spoken [falar]
spend - spent - spent [gastar]
spin - spun - spun [fazer girar]
spit - spit / spat - spit / spat [cuspir]
spread - spread - spread [espalhar;
disseminar, difundir]
spring - sprang - sprung [saltar]
stand - stood - stood [ficar em p; suportar]
steal - stole - stolen [furtar]
stick - stuck - stuck [fincar, enfiar]
sting - stung - stung [picar, ferroar]
stink - stank - stunk [feder]
strike - struck - struck [golpear; atacar]
strive - strove - striven [esforar-se]
swear - swore - sworn [jurar]
sweep - swept - swept [varrer]
swim - swam - swum [nadar]
swing - swung - swung [balanar]
take - took - taken [tomar]
teach - taught - taught [ensinar; lecionar]
tear - tore - torn [rasgar]
tell - told - told [contar]
think - thought - thought [pensar]
throw - threw - thrown [jogar, atirar]
undergo - underwent - undergone
[submeter-se a]
understand - understood - understood
[entender]
uphold - upheld - upheld [sustentar; apoiar]
wear - wore - worn [vestir; usar (roupa)]
win - won - won [vencer]
wind /uaind/ - wound /uaund/ - wound
/uaund/ [enrolar; dar corda]
write - wrote - written [escrever]