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f ( x ) f (2) = 2 + 1 = 3
f ( x + h) f (3) = 3 + 1 = 4 = 2
Logo, a taxa de variao
( )
y f ( x + h) f ( x ) (2) 3
=
=
=2 3.
x
h
1
2) Considere que a funo custo total para produzir x unidades de uma mercadoria, C(x), em reais,
dada por C( x ) = x 2 + 2 x . Calcule a taxa mdia de variao do custo total em relao a x, quando x
(custo varivel) varia de 5 para 10 reais.
Resoluo:
Sabemos
que
taxa
mdia
de
variao
do
custo
total
dada
por
C C( x + x ) C( x )
=
. Como x varia de 5 para 10, ento x = 10 5 = 5
x
x
Assim
C( x + x ) = C(10) = (10) 2 + 2(10) = 100 + 20 = 120 e C( x ) = C(5) = (5) 2 + 2(5) = 25 + 10 = 35 , logo
C C( x + x ) C( x ) 120 35 85
=
=
=
= 17
.
x
x
5
5
3) f ( x ) =
1
x
2 (2 + h)
1
1
f
(
x
+
h
)
f
(
x
)
f
(
2
+
h
)
f
(
2
)
2(2 + h)
0
0
f ' ( x ) = lim
= lim
= lim 2 + h 2 = lim
=
h
h
h
h
h0
h 0
h0
h0
22h
1
h
1
lim
= lim
= lim
=
4
h 0 2(2 + h)h
h 0 2(2 + h)h
h 0 2(2 + h)
4) f ( x ) = x 2 3x
x0 = 2
) (
f ( x 0 + h) f ( x 0 )
f (2 + h) f (2)
(2 + h) 2 3(2 + h) (2) 2 3(2)
= lim
= lim
=
h
h
h
h0
h0
h0
f ' ( x ) = lim
(4 + 4h + h 2 6 3h) (4 6)
4 + 4h + h 2 6 3h 4 + 6
4h + h 2 3h
h2 + h
= lim
= lim
= lim
=
h
h
h
h
h0
h0
h0
h0
h(h + 1)
h(h + 1)
lim
= lim
=1
h
h
h0
h0
lim
4
,usando a definio.
x 6
4
4
f ( x + h) f ( x)
0
( x + h 6) ( x 6)
f ' ( x ) = lim
= lim
=
h
h
0
h0
h 0
4 ( x 6) 4 ( x + h 6)
4 ( x 6 x h + 6)
4h
4
( x + h 6)( x 6)
= lim
= lim
= lim
= lim
=
h
h0
h0 h( x + h 6)( x 6)
h0 h( x + h 6)( x 6)
h0 ( x + h 6)( x 6)
=
4
( x 6)2
f ' ( x ) = lim
f ( x + h) f ( x )
= lim
h
h0
h0
lim
h0 h
(x + h x )
( x + h + x)
= lim
h0 h
( x + h x ) = 0 = lim ( x + h x )( x + h + x ) =
h
0 h0
h( x + h + x )
h
( x + h + x)
= lim
h0
1
x +h + x
) ( x + x)
1
2 x
2) f ( x ) = x 2 + x + 2
f ( x + h) f ( x )
(( x + h)2 + x + h + 2) (( x )2 + x + 2)
= lim
=
h
h
h 0
h0
f ' ( x ) = lim
( x 2 + 2 xh + h2 + x + h + 2) ( x 2 + x + 2)
( x 2 + 2 xh + h2 + x + h + 2 x 2 x 2)
= lim
=
h
h
h0
h 0
lim
(2 xh + h2 + h)
h(2 x + h + 1)
= lim
= lim (2 x + h + 1) = 2 x + 1
h
h
h0
h 0
h 0
lim
3) f ( x ) =
1
x
1
1
f ( x + h) f ( x)
0
( x + h) ( x )
f ' ( x ) = lim
= lim
=
h
h
0
h 0
h 0
( x) ( x + h)
( x x h)
h
1
1
( x + h)( x )
= lim
= lim
= lim
= lim
=
h
h0
h0 h( x + h)( x )
h0 h( x + h)( x )
h0 ( x + h)( x )
x2
4) f ( x ) = 3x
f ( x + h) f ( x )
3( x + h) 3( x )
3x + 3h 3x
3h
= lim
= lim
= lim
=3
h
h
h
h0
h0
h0
h0 h
f ' ( x ) = lim
5) f ( x ) = 2
f ' ( x ) = lim
h 0
6) f ( x ) =
f ( x + h) f ( x )
(2) (2)
0
= lim
= lim = 0
h
h
h 0
h 0 h
x +1
x 1
( x + h + 1) ( x + 1)
( x + h + 1)( x 1) ( x + 1)( x + h 1)
f ( x + h) f ( x )
( x + h 1) ( x 1) 0
( x + h 1)
( x 1)
f ' ( x) = lim
= lim
= = lim
h 0
h 0
h
h
0 h 0
h
( x 2 x + hx h + x 1) ( x 2 + hx x + x + h 1)
x 2 x + x + hx h 1 x 2 hx + x x h + 1
= lim
=
h( x + h 1)( x 1)
h( x + h 1)( x 1)
h 0
h 0
2h
2
lim
=
h0 ( x + h 1)( x 1)h
( x 1)2
lim
x , se x 1
7) Dada a funo:
. Mostre que no existe f ' (1) .
3, se x < 1
Calculemos, ento, as suas derivadas laterais:
h 0
f (1 + h) f (1)
(1 + h) (1)
h
= lim
= lim = 1
h
h
h 0
h 0 h