INTRODUO INTRODUCTION

Em primeiro lugar, ... / Antes de tudo, ... / Para First of all, ... / In the first place, ... / To begin
comear, ... / Para incio de conversa, ... with, ...

REFERNCIA REFERENCE

Com relao a ... / No que diz respeito a ... / No que Regarding ... / With regard to ... / Concerning ...
tange a ... / Considering ...

INTRODUO OPORTUNA DE ASSUNTO RELACIONADO CHANGING TO A RELATED SUBJECT OR ADDING A REMARK

By the way, / Speaking of that, /

A propsito, / Por falar nisso,
Incidentally / On/As a side note,

COMENTRIO DE REFORO REINFORCEMENT COMMENT

Por sinal, ... / Alis, ... / Inclusive ... As a matter of fact ... / In fact ...

Pelo contrrio, / Na verdade, On the contrary / Actually

CONFORMIDADE AGREEMENT

De acordo com ... / Conforme ... / Segundo ... According to ... / In accordance with ...

NFASE EMPHASIS

Principalmente ... / Sobretudo ... / Especialmente ... Especially ... / Mainly ... / In particular ... / More
/ Antes de tudo ... / Ainda mais ... important ...

CAUSA E MOTIVO CAUSE

Porque / Uma vez que / J que / Pois /

Because / Since / For
Visto que

Por causa de / Em funo de / Em razo de ... /

As a result of ... / Due to
Por motivos de ... / Em virtude de ... / Devido a

DECORRNCIA RESULT, CONSEQUENCE

Levando isto em considerao, / Por este With this in mind, / For this reason /
motivo, ... / Por esta razo, / Por isso That's why

Desta forma, ... / Assim sendo (sendo assim), ... /

This way ... / In doing so ...
Nesse sentido, ...

De maneira (forma) (modo) que / Como

So that / As a result,
consequncia, ...

Diante do exposto, / Frente a ... In face of / In view of

DEMONSTRATIVOS DEMONSTRATION

Tanto (assim) que / A ponto de So much so that

CONCLUSO LGICA INFERENCE, CONCLUSION

Portanto, / Ento ... Therefore, / So,

PROPSITO PURPOSE

Com o objetivo de ... / A fim de ... / Para que ... / In order to ... / In order that / So that ... / In an
Com vistas a ... / Para ... effort to ... / With a view to ... / To ...

DEMARCADORES DE PERODOS ENTRE O PRESENTE E O FUTURO PROJECTING THE PRESENT INTO THE FUTURE
A partir de agora ... / De agora em diante ... / Daqui
From now on ... / Henceforth ...
para a frente ...

DEMARCADORES DE PERODOS PASSADOS SCANNING THE PAST INTO THE PRESENT

At agora ... / At hoje ... / At o momento ... So far ... / Up till now ...

Ainda ... Still ... / ... not ... yet.

INDICADORES DE PERODOS PRESENTES INDICATING PERIODS IN THE PRESENT

Por enquanto ... For the time being ... / ... for some time.

SIMULTANEIDADE SIMULTANEITY

Nesse meio tempo, ... / Enquanto isso, ... In the meantime, ... / Meanwhile, ...

Enquanto (durante o tempo em que) ... While (during the time) ...

INDICADORES DE CIRCUNSTANCIALIDADE DEFINING CIRCUMSTANCES

Em meio a ... In the midst of ...

GENERALIZAO E REGULARIDADE GENERALIZING

Em geral, In general,

Via de regra, As a rule,

EVENTOS COINCIDENTES COINCIDENTAL EVENTS

Sempre que Whenever

PROPORCIONALIDADE EM RELAO AO TEMPO TIME RELATIONSHIP

medida que (o tempo passa,) / Com o passar

As (time goes by,)
(decorrer) do tempo,

INDICADORES DE DESTINATRIO ADDRESSING

To whom it may concern / For your

A quem interessar possa / Para sua informao, ...
information, ...

ENFRAQUECEDORES WEAKENERS

As far as I know, / As far as I can tell, / To

Que eu saiba, / Pelo que eu sei, / Pelo que me
my knowledge / To the best of my
consta,
knowledge,

Se no me engano, / Se eu no estiver enganado

If I'm not wrong, / If I remember well
/ Se no me falha a memria,

Na minha opinio, In my opinion, / In my view

EXCLUSO EXCLUSION

No que se refere a mim, / No que depender de

As far as I'm concerned, / As for me,
mim, / Quanto a mim, / De minha parte,

POSICIONAMENTO POSITION DEFINERS

From the standpoint of / From my

Do ponto de vista de / Do (sob) meu ponto de
standpoint / From my point of view /
vista / Partindo do pressuposto (de) que
Based on the assumption that
CERTEZA ASSURANCE

Sem dvida / Certamente / Com certeza / Of course / For sure / Definitely / Certainly /
Evidentemente Without a doubt

EQUIVALNCIA, PARALELISMO EQUIVALENCE, PARALLEL IDEAS

Da mesma forma que / Assim como / Tal In the same way that / By the same token /
como Likewise

INTERMEDIAO INTERMEDIATING

Atravs de / Por meio de / Mediante / Por Through / By means of / By way of /

intermdio de Hereby

CONDIO CONDITION

Se / Desde que / Enquanto / Contanto que If / As long as / On condition that /

Provided (that)

CONTRASTE CONTRAST

Enquanto que / Ao passo que / J While / Whereas / By contrast

Mas / Entretanto, / No entanto, / Todavia,

But / However, / , though.
/ Porm, / Contudo,

Even so / Nevertheless, / Nonetheless,

Mesmo assim, / Ainda assim,
/ Still,

Apesar de (disso) / No obstante In spite of / Despite / Notwithstanding

Embora / Ainda que / E isso que Although / Even though

Mesmo que Even if

(Por um lado, ...) Por outro lado, / Em (On (the) one hand, ...) On the other hand, /
compensao, Conversely

Ao contrrio de Unlike

REITERANDO, DETALHANDO REITERATING, GIVING DETAILS

Em outras palavras, / O que eu quero dizer / In other words, / What I'm trying to say / I
Quer dizer, / Ou seja, mean / That is, / i.e.,

EXEMPLIFICANDO PROVIDING EXAMPLE

Por exemplo, For example, / For instance,

tais como such as

SINALIZAO DE LINGUAGEM METAFRICA INDICATING METAPHORICAL LANGUAGE

so to speak / if you will / if you like /

por assim dizer / como que
like

ALTERNNCIA ALTERNATION

Por sua vez, / Por seu turno In his/her/its turn,

LIMITAO DE APLICABILIDADE APPLICABILITY LIMITATION

Em ltimo caso, As a last resort,

 If worse comes to worst (If worst comes to
Na pior das hipteses, / Se acontecer o pior, worst) / At worst / In a worst-case
scenario

Na melhor das hipteses, At best

Pelo (ao) menos / No mnimo / Nem que seja At (the) least / If nothing else / To say the
(para) least

Para no dizer / Isso se no for If not

ACRSCIMO ADDITION

No apenas , mas (tambm) / No s como

Not only , but (also)
(tambm) / Tanto como

Besides (that), / In addition to (that), / On

Alm disso, / Ainda por cima, / Alm do mais,
top of that, / Moreover / Apart from (that),
/ Afora (isso), / Sem falar (que)
/ Aside from (that), / Not to mention

IMPROBABILIDADE MAIOR INCREASED IMPROBABILITY

muito menos ... / quanto mais ... / que dir ... let alone ... / much (or still) less ...

EXCEO, EXCLUSO EXCEPTION

A no ser por (isso), / Com exceo de / Afora Apart from (that), / Otherwise / Other than
(isso) / seno that, / Except for / Aside from (that),

A no ser que / A menos que Unless

SUBSTITUIO SUBSTITUTION

Em vez de / Em lugar de / Ao invs de Instead of / In place of

De preferncia Rather (than)

INDICADOR DE CONTRARIEDADE SETBACK CAUSING HARM OR NEGLECT

em detrimento de / em prejuzo de at the expense of / to the detriment of

CONSEQUNCIA DA NO-OCORRNCIA DE UMA CONDIO CONSEQUENCE OF NONFULFILLMENT

Seno / Caso contrrio, / Do contrrio, /

Otherwise / Or else / If not
Sob pena de

DESCONSIDERANDO DISMISSAL

De qualquer modo (forma) (maneira), / Seja Anyway, / In any case, / Whatever the
como for, / Seja qual for o motivo, case may be,

RELEMBRANA REMINDER

Afinal / Afinal de contas, After all

FINALIZAO, RESUMO CLOSURE, SUMMARY

Finalmente, / Por fim, Finally, / At last,

Levando tudo isso em considerao, / Em All in all, / All things considered, / In

resumo, summary,
INTRODUCTION AND REFERENCE first of all regarding
in reference to speaking of
as referred to changing the subject in the first place to begin with
(at) first concerning initially to start with
by the way considering on the other hand with regard to

AGREEMENT
in accordance with
according to in agreement
as per in conformity

COMPARISON
in comparison (with)
comparing in the same way
likewise similarly

CONTRAST considering that in contrast still

conversely in (the) face of then again
after (all)
despite in (the) light of though
alternatively
even so in spite of (that) unlike
although
even though meanwhile whereas
as opposed to
while
at the same time for all that nevertheless
for (my, his, ...) part nonetheless yet
but
by contrast given that notwithstanding
by the same token however on the other hand

EMPHASIS even more most important(ly) the basic cause

in any event most of all the chief factor
above all indeed naturally the key point
a key feature in particular particularly unquestionably
a major concern least of all positively valuable to note
definitely let alone primarily without a doubt
especially (not) mainly principally
especially significant more important(ly) specifically

ADDITION both ... and last but not least on top of that
either ... or likewise or
again equally important moreover plus
also further neither ... nor similarly
and (then) furthermore next together with
as well as in addition (to) not only ... but also what's more
at the same time indeed not to mention
besides jointly not to speak of

ADDING A REMARK incidentally

as a matter of fact in fact
as/on a side note on the contrary
by the way the truth is
EXPLANATION OF CAUSE in view of
now that
as due to on account of
as a result of for since
because (of) in order that that is because

RESULT
for this reason so much (so) that then
accordingly for which reason so that thereby
as a consequence hence such ... that therefore
as a result in short that is why thus
consequently

PURPOSE in return for to the purpose of

in an effort to so as to to this end
in order that so that with this in mind
in order to to with this purpose

TIME RELATIONSHIP now then

nowadays thereafter
after a while from now on presently throughout
afterward(s) henceforth shortly (after) thereupon
as time goes by immediately simultaneously until
at last in the meantime since up until now
at present lately so far while
at this point later soon yet at the same time
currently meanwhile temporarily

ORDERING second then

first secondly later
firstly third after that
first of all following last
in the first place next finally

CIRCUMSTANCES in my opinion
as a last resort in terms of
as a rule in the midst of
from the standpoint of on the part of

ADDRESSING INFORMATION

for your information

to whom it may concern
ESTABLISHING A LIMIT as far as I'm concerned
as far as I understand
as far as I can remember as well as I know
as far as I can tell for the time being
as far as I know so far

CONDITION if not in the event (that) otherwise

as long as in case of on condition that provided (that)
even if in case (that) only if providing (that)
if in the event of or (else) whether or not

DISMISSAL

anyway in any case

at any rate whatever the case may be

EXCEPTION / EXCLUSION

apart from (that) not ... yet

aside from other than that
except for unless

EXAMPLE including namely the following example

in particular such as to illustrate
for example
for instance in this case take the case of
in another case in this manner that is

SUBSTITUTION / PREFERENCE

in place of rather (than)

instead of in exchange for

REITERATION / REFORMULATION

as I have said or rather

I mean that is
in other words to put it another way
more simply

CONCLUSION so
for this reason therefore

GENERALIZING by and large generally speaking

all in all essentially in general
as a rule for the most part on the whole
basically generally overall

INTERMEDIATING hereby
by this way
by means of through (which)

CONCESSION
at the same time it may appear that
after all granted that naturally
although it is true that I admit of course
although this may be true

EVIDENCE indeed obviously

as you (anyone) can see it's no wonder of course
certainly naturally without question
evidently needless to say without a doubt

CONCLUSION / SUMMARY in short therefore

in summary to conclude
after all at last
last(ly) to summarize
all in all finally
on the whole to sum up
all things considered in brief
as we have seen in conclusion overall