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Aula 03
ESTRATÉGIAS E HABILIDADES
DE LEITURA
O Inglês Instrumental como vimos nas aulas anteriores, apresenta várias estratégias de
leitura que poderão ser utilizadas para facilitar o processo de leitura e interpretação do texto.
Temos também vários elementos que auxiliam no desenvolvimento da leitura, como: o conheci-
mento sobre conectivos( conections words); conhecimentos prévios ( background) ; predição (
prediction); dicionários e outros.Vocês verão a seguir alguns desses elementos:
TOP DOWN – Processo que o leitor utiliza seu conhecimento de mundo, usando hipóteses,
predição. Através de seus conhecimentos o leitor vai interpretando o texto usando elementos
como: gráficos, tabelas, números, datas, títulos, subtítulos, etc.
REPEATED WORDS – Observa se quando uma palavra se repete muitas vezes no texto Se isto
acontecer pode significar que esta palavra pode ser importante para a compreensão do texto.
Mas, não esqueça que são possibilidades, deduções.
DICTIONARY - O uso do dicionário é um recurso que o leitor deve utilizar em último caso,
pois o objetivo do inglês instrumental é fazer uma leitura ágil do texto.
Estas são algumas de muitas estratégias de leitura. Segue abaixo exemplos de prefixação, su-
fixação, e conectores ou conectivos que lhes ajudarão na interpretação de suas leituras.
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Inglês Instrumental - UNIGRAN
Prefixação – o prefixo muda o significado da palavra primitiva, mas não muda a classe gramati-
cal. (Lista retirada do site – www.inglescurso.net)
Sufixação – o sufixo pode mudar a classe gramatical da palavra sem mudar-lhe o sentido
primitivo.
Formação de verbos:
Formação de advérbios
Formação de substantivos:
Formação de adjetivos:
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Inglês Instrumental- UNIGRAN
CONECTORES
1. ADIÇÃO:
- and : e
- in addition, furthermore, besides, moreover: além disso
- as well as: assim como
- also: também
- apart from: com exceção de
- both....and: ambos; tanto como
- not only ... but also: não apenas...mas também
2. CONTRASTE/CONCESSÃO/ADVERSATIVA:
- but: mas
- however, neverthless: entretanto
- yet: entretanto, ainda
- although, even though, though: embora
- nonetheless, notwithstanding: não obstante
- despite that, in spite of: apesar de
- rather than, instead of: em vez de
- where as: enquanto
3. PROPÓSITO:
4. CONSEQUÊNCIA/CONCLUSÃO:
- therefore: portanto
- consequently, as a result: consequentemente
- accordingly: de acordo, adequadamente
- hence: pois, então, daí
- thus: assim
- thereby: assim, desse modo
- then: então
- so: então, pois
- finally: finalmente
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Inglês Instrumental - UNIGRAN
5. ALTERNATIVA:
6. REITERAÇÃO:
7. COMPARAÇÃO:
8. ILUSTRAÇÃO:
9. CONDIÇÃO:
- if: se
- unless: se não, a menos que
- provided that: uma vez que
- on condition that: desde que
- as long as: uma vez que
- subject to: sujeito a
- wether: se
10. CAUSA:
- because: porque
- due to: devido a
- as: porque
- since: uma vez que
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Inglês Instrumental- UNIGRAN
11. DÚVIDA OU HIPÓTESE:
12. TEMPORAL:
- when: quando
- while: enquanto
Introduction (Introdução)
First of all (Antes de tudo), In the first place (Em primeiro lugar)
Reference (Referência)
Regarding to.../ With regard to.../(Com referência a...) Considering...( Em consideração a...)
Concerning....(A respeito de...)
Purpose (Propósito)
In order to…/In order that…( A fim de que…Para que...) So that...(Com a finalidade de...0
Emphasis (Ênfase)
Cause (Causa/Motivo)
In view of...(Tendo em vista..., Diante do exposto...) With this in mind.../For this reason...
(Levando isto em consideração…/Por esta razão…,Por este motivo…) In face of... ( Diante
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Inglês Instrumental - UNIGRAN
Conclusion ( Conclusão)
From now on... (A partir de agora ... / De agora em diante ... / Daqui para a frente ...)
So far...Up till now…Up today (Até o presente momento…/ Até agora.../Até hoje ) Still not...
(Ainda não...)
For your information...(Para sua informação...) For your acknowlegment... (Para seu conheci-
mento...) To whom it may concern... ( A quem interessar possa...)
Assurance (Certeza)
Contrast (Contraste)
In other words...(Em outras palavras...)/I mean...(O que eu quero dizer...)/ That is...(Ou seja...)
Addition (Adição)
Exception (Exceção)
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Inglês Instrumental- UNIGRAN
Otherwise...(Caso contrário...) Unless...(A menos que...)
Substitution (Substituição)
Dismissal (Despedida)
Leia o texto a seguir e tente interpretá-lo usando os elementos estudados e em seguida respon-
da as questões:
Flash memory
This is the newest kind of memory. It uses the very latest technology. Because there are
no moving parts as there are with hard and floppy disks, data stored on flash memory is much
harder to destroy. Flash memory is not only used in your computer, but also in your PDA - per-
sonal digital organizer - your mobile phone and many other gadgets. Most computers need a
reader attached to a USB port to read flash memory.
Here are some of the more common types of external storage:
Compact flash
- used in many cameras. Compact flash storage can be up to many gigabytes in
size.
Memory stick
- developed by Sony, memory sticks can be used in most Sony laptop computers
without a reader.
SD
- is used in many music players because SD cards have technology that helps with
DRM (digital rights management) which allows the owner of the song to control
where it is played.
Flash keys
- are keys with flash memory and readers built in, so they can be put into the USB
port of any modern computer and laptop.
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Inglês Instrumental - UNIGRAN
Hard disk
This is a hard disk drive, or HDD. It is called a hard disk drive because it is not floppy!
Originally these data storage devices were called Winchesters after a successful early model.
The first hard drives cost thousands of pounds and held about 10mb of data. Most modern hard
drives cost under £200 and hold can hold hundreds of gigabytes.
Most hard disks live inside your computer and talk to the rest of your system through
an IDE or SCSI connection.
Some hard disks live outside a computer, and are attached by USB or fire wire. These
hard disks are very useful for carrying data between computers. some very small hard
disks are being developed for use in other machines such as cameras.
Network storage.
Sometimes you do not want to have your data on one computer, but to have it on a central
computer. Then wherever you are, you can contact that computer and ask it to send your data to
you.
Server
This is a computer which has the job of passing out data on its hard disks to
computers that ask for it. Trying to get information out of a server when you
are you are not allowed to see that server is called 'hacking' or cracking' the
server.
NAS
Is network attached storage. This is because not all networks (groups of com-
puters) need a server to hold their data. Instead they use NAS which is like a
large external hard disk which is used by everybody.
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Inglês Instrumental- UNIGRAN
Internet
The internet is simply a huge network of servers. The data you are reading
now is stored on a server somewhere in England. Many people keep a lot of
their data, especially their emails, stored on the internet so that they can find
it wherever in the world they are.
Floppy disk
This is a floppy disk. These are one of the oldest ways of storing data on a computer.
They are not always reliable, and many modern computers do not even have anywhere to put a
floppy disk into.
5.1" floppy. These are the original floppy disks, and they really were floppy.
Because of their soft covers they were easily bent or creased. But people loved
them because it made it easy to carry 360kb of data around.
3.5" floppy. The size was chosen so that it fitted exactly into a man's shirt
pocket. With its hard case and 1.44mb of memory this is one of the most
successful kinds of storage ever made. There are literally millions of 3.5"
floppy disks in use around the world.
Optical storage
Optical storage is when a plastic disk is marked, and a reader can translate those marks
into 1s or 0s (bits) Optical storage is better than magnetic storage (hard and floppy disks) because
it cannot be destroyed by electricity or magnetism. In fact with a ROM - read only memory - disk,
CD-ROM
These are the original optical media and hold 640mb of data.
The earliest CDs had little holes burned into their surface with a laser,
with the holes and the spaces between them making up the 1s and 0s.
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Inglês Instrumental - UNIGRAN
CD-RW
This is a re-writable CD. Re-writable CDs were created by using a dye which changed
when the laser hit it, but which could also be changed back.
DVD
There are many kinds of DVDs (Digital Versatile Disks). They use almost the same
technology as CDs but they make the 1s and 0s much closer together by using light with short
wavelengths. Ordinary laser light is too wide for these disks, which use x-ray lasers to work. The
reason that there are so many kinds of disks is because every manufacturer has his own ideas of
how to make DVD technology work, and though every idea works, some kinds of DVD can’t
be read by machines that are built for another kind. Eventually the public must decide which.
1. Which is larger?
terabyte
brontabyte
petabyte
four
six
eight
150 kilobytes
0.25 megabytes
1-5 megabytes
4 gigabytes
40 gigabytes
400 gigabytes
IDE or SCUSI
USB or firewire
all of the above
Workstation
Computer
Network
Flash memory
Magentic memory
Optical storage
Magnetic storage
Optical Storage
Flash memory
640mb of data
640gb of data
640kb of data
NAS
Flash
Floppy.
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Inglês Instrumental - UNIGRAN
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