FICHA DE REVISÕES – Geografia 1

Obstáculos ao Desenvolvimento

1. Explica de que forma a colonização dos países em desenvolvimento, por parte dos países europeus,
constituiu um obstáculo ao seu desenvolvimento.
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2. Indica as consequências dessa colonização nos países africanos.

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3. Qual foi o último país africano a tornar-se independente?

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4. Diz de que modo as catástrofes naturais são também um obstáculo ao desenvolvimento.

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5. Enumera as catástrofes naturais com maior impacto económico na América Central e Caraíbas.
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6. Os países em desenvolvimento são os principais responsáveis pela explosão demográfica mundial,

tendo ainda elevadas taxas de crescimento natural. Indica os factores que contribuem para esta
situação.
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7. Identifica cinco países onde a taxa de crescimento natural é superior a 20%.

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8. Quais os problemas mais frequentes nos países em desenvolvimento, onde o crescimento
demográfico é mais acentuado e onde existe recessão ou estagnação económica.
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9. Diz o que entendes por democracia.

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10. Diz o que entendes por regimes ditatoriais.

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10.1.Explica de que forma o défice democrático prejudica o desenvolvimento desses países.

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11. Qual a distribuição geográfica dos países «sem liberdade política»?

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12. Embora se assista a uma diminuição dos conflitos armados no mundo desde 1990, os países em
desenvolvimento (África Subsariana, Médio Oriente, Ásia Meridional) continuam a ser muito
afectados. Refere alguns dos principais custos associados aos conflitos armados.
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13. Refere os produtos mais exportados pelos países em desenvolvimento.

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14. Identifica os países que continuam muito dependentes da exportação de produtos primários, de
origem agrícola ou mineral.
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15. Identifica as regiões em que os produtos primários representam mais de metade das exportações.
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15.1.Indica os produtos mais importados por essas regiões.

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16. Explica no que consiste a degradação dos termos de troca.

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17. Explica as razões que têm prejudicado a participação dos países em desenvolvimento mais pobres no
comércio internacional.
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18. Diz o que entendes por empresa multinacional.

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19. Explica as razões pelas quais os países concorrem entre si para atrair empresas transnacionais.
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20. Identifica duas regiões em que se localizam mais sedes de transnacionais.

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21. Refere as principais desvantagens das empresas transnacionais para os países em desenvolvimento.
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22. Diz o que entendes por Dívida Externa.

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23. A Dívida Externa está presente em quase todos os países, sendo eles muito ou pouco desenvolvidos.
Explica porque é um grande problema quando os devedores são países em desenvolvimento.
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24. Identifica cinco países pobres muito endividados.

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25. Explica porque é que o endividamento externo dos países mais pobres é um problema quase sem
solução.
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 Soluções para Atenuar as Desigualdades

1. Diz o que entendes por ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento (APD).

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2. O que pode a ajuda pública ao desenvolvimento (APD) fazer para diminuir as desigualdades entre
países ricos e pobres?
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3. Indica uma outra solução para diminuir as desigualdades entre países ricos e pobres.
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4. Explica o que faz a Iniciativa para a Anulação da Dívida Multilateral (ADM).

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4.1.E, o que faz a Iniciativa para os Países Pobres Muito Endividados (PPME)?
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5. Enumera as vantagens do perdão ou do alívio da dívida externa para os países mais pobres.
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6. De que modo pode o comércio internacional ser um meio para desenvolver os países mais pobres?
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7. Refere os principais objectivos da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU).

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8. Diz de que forma os organismos, fundos e programas da ONU, contribuem para diminuir as
desigualdades de riqueza e desenvolvimento entre países, povos e indivíduos.
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9. Nomeia alguns dos organismos, fundos e programas da ONU.

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10. Diz o que entendes por Organizações Não Governamentais (ONG).

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10.1. Refere três áreas em que as ONG intervêm.

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11. Indica quais são os três pilares da cooperação internacional que precisam de ser renovados.
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12. Enumera as principais medidas para tornar a ajuda ao desenvolvimento mais eficaz (ODM).
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