UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

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DEPARTAMENTO DE LÍNGUAS MODERNAS
COMISSÃO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE PROFICIÊNCIA DE LEITURA EM LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA

PROVA DE LÍNGUA INGLESA – 2016.1

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Assinatura (conforme documento de identificação) Curso (CPG/PPG) – caso seja aluno da UFRGS

[Type text]
Texto A Theorizing the Event*
01 What is an event and how do we define it? Francoise Dastur conceives of the event in two
02 primary ways: first, the event is that which "arrives unexpectedly" and strikes "without warning"
03 (182), as in the case of a true surprise or an accident. It is thus divorced from the familiar and the
04 mundane. At the same time, the event not only parts from the well-known and recognisable but
05 marks a radical break in the predictable and imaginable: it is the "excess to expectation" (Dastur
06 183) or an internal contradiction. It is the "impossible which happens in spite of everything" (183).
07 The event, then, is fundamentally characterised by the "unpredictability of what might just as well
08 not have occurred" (Bensaïd). The event ruptures temporality and "dislocates time"; it "puts the
09 flow of time out of joint" and divides the world into a before and after, a past and an
10 "unanticipated future" (Dastur 182). It is non-integrative and hence "does not happen in a world--it
11 is, on the contrary, as if a new world opens up through its happening" (182). In a similarly
12 apocalyptic vein, David Simpson suggests that a catastrophic event is experienced as one that
13 ruptures "the deep rhythms of cultural time," thus in effect erasing time, making all that came
14 before it redundant, and threatening a "monstrous future" (4).
15 For French philosopher Alain Badiou, the event is "purely hazardous, and cannot be inferred
16 from the situation" (Being and Event 193). This does not mean, clarifies Quentin Meillassoux, that
17 the event implies the creation of something altogether new out of nothing. Rather, the event is the
18 intense manifestation of something that was already there, but its existence and appearance has
19 been "profoundly denied by the situation" preceding the event (8).
20 According to Bensaïd the event can be anything: Christ's resurrection; the storming of the
21 Bastille; the October Revolution; illegal immigrant workers taking to the streets in order to break
22 out of their status as clandestine victims and become agents in their own right; the unemployed
23 stepping out from the ranks of statistics to become subjects of resistance; the sick refusing to
24 resign themselves to being mere patients and attempting to think and act their own illness (3). The
25 condition necessary for an occurrence to attain the status of an event is its "transformational
26 character" or inauguration of a new mode of "being-in-the-world" (Oliver). It must provoke a
27 "portal or gateway to future possibilities" (Oliver). Finally, the event produces subjects, not vice
28 versa: "[T]he subject is formed as a response to the event, and does not precede it" (Sayeau 23). In
29 acting with fidelity to the truth that is forwarded as emerging from the event, the subjects are
30 constituted as political agents.
31 Badiou is hardly alone in theorizing the event; in fact, philosophy has articulated an "evental
32 turn" (Sayeau), or a preoccupation with occurrences that feature as radical alterations of the status
33 quo. Such a conceptual turn seems not the least bit surprising if one takes into account how crucial
34 the event has been to the West's philosophy and historiography. As Michael Sayeau demonstrates,
35 Western thought from Kant to Heidegger and Deleuze to Derrida has given rise to a "metaphysics
36 of the event" (5). While their approaches differ, they have expended a heavy artillery of
37 conceptual resources in decoding the nature of the event.
38 Despite their internal differences, however, such Western philosophical theorisations
39 tend to sanction totalisation, or all or nothing conceptions that accord a truly mythological
40 status to the event, so much so that it transfigures into a capitalised version of itself: "The
41 Event." From the perspective of totalisation, The Event assumes a nearly epochal authority as a
42 climactic turning point that changes, in a permanent and indelible way, the terms in which history
43 is understood and written. It is in a global context of deciphering, purposing, and repurposing that
44 one understands the full burden of meaning when, for example, Thomas Friedman refers to 9/11 as
45 a "hole in the fabric of civilization" (qtd. in Simpson 6).
46 The impetus of totalising macro-narratives centred on a defining central event is one that,
47 historically and discursively, has repeatedly helped sustain and legitimise the modern West's

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48 conception of itself, particularly in terms of its relationship to the rest of the world. The event
49 receives its authority from the actualities of a world and geopolitical configuration in which power
50 and development are distributed asymmetrically. Consequently, the one-way direction of global
51 hegemony helps contour, in a more or less tendentious and loaded manner, the seismic impact of
52 the event as enshrined in image, commentary, and definitions. Thanks to the West's and
53 particularly America's pre-eminent metropolitan location at the commanding centre of global
54 arrangements of military-industrial dominance, wealth concentration, and cultural influence, the
55 rest of the world, including that part of it located at the power-denuded periphery of transnational
56 networks must either accept and cooperate with official narratives, or wait to be forcibly coerced
57 into submitting to the conceptual schema of the central event as sanctioned by dominant
58 Occidental narratives. Put simply, the event, by its sheer foundationalism, constitutes inarguable
59 grounds for unlimited intervention initiatives in other, non-metropolitan (peripheral) zones of the
60 world.
61 Simpson masterfully unpacks "the culture of commemoration" that overtakes societies in the
62 aftermath of a truly catastrophic event. Using 9/11 as his touchstone illustration, Simpson reveals
63 the way in which memorialising and honouring the victims of the tragedy harbours, and goes hand
64 in hand with, a call for restitutive vendetta. Restitution, in this case, takes the form of the
65 indiscriminate dispersal and discharging of one's grief onto others who often are not the specific
66 perpetrators but serve as ersatz perpetrator-substitutes. The impossibility of coming to terms with
67 an event is quickly overtaken by a new lexicon that immediately dominates the global media and
68 public imagination. Even the simple emergence of the abbreviation "9/11" produces a shorthand of
69 boundless evocative power and becomes a supremely efficient means by which the event can, with
70 the utterance of the magic number, be made to loom large and terrifying, infecting everything,
71 without an end in sight. Consequently, the date remains "an open designation". The absence
72 of a year suffixing the date (the abbreviation does not contain a reference to 2001) ensures
73 that the date can extend limitlessly through history, backwards and forwards, colouring
74 everything.

* Extraído e adaptado de: Anwer, Megha. “Resisting the Event: Aesthetics of the Non-Event in the Contemporary South
Asian Novel.” Ariel 45:4 (2014):.1‒30.

De acordo com o texto A, escolha a alternativa que contém a resposta correta nas questões
que seguem.

- De acordo com o trecho contido entre as linhas 1 e 11, é CORRETO afirmar que o evento

a) parte do desconhecido e imprevisível.

b) é o impossível que acontece porque há um somatório de esforços.
c) é imprevisível, porque acontece por despeito com todos.
d) não antecipa o futuro.
e) desencadeia um novo mundo.

- Segundo explicitado na frase contida entre as linhas 11 e 14, o efeito do evento sobre o
tempo é

a) apocalíptico.
b) catastrófico.
c) rítmico.
d) anulador.
e) redundante.
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- A expressão “Rather” na linha 17 significa que a frase que se segue

a) reafirma a anterior.
b) retifica a anterior.
c) ratifica a anterior.
d) qualifica a anterior.
e) expande a anterior.

- De acordo com o trecho contido entre as linhas 20 e 30, NÃO se pode considerar como um
evento ou resultado do mesmo

a) a ressurreição de Cristo.
b) a tomada da Bastilha.
c) a inauguração de um novo modo de estar no mundo.
d) a negação de possibilidades futuras.
e) a formação de sujeitos.

- Os pronomes “their” e “they”, na frase que vai da linha 36 a 37, referem-se a

a) occurrences (linha 32).

b) radical alterations of the status quo (linhas 32-33).
c) the West’s philosophy and historiography (linha 34).
d) [philosophers] from Kant to Heidegger and Deleuze to Derrida (linha 35).
e) “metaphysics of the event” (linha 36).

- De acordo com o parágrafo contido entre as linhas 46 e 60, é INCORRETO afirmar que as
macro-narrativas totalizantes baseadas num evento central definidor

a) adquirem autoridade através de uma configuração geopolítica em que o poder está

distribuído de forma assimétrica no mundo.
b) são sancionadas por uma hegemonia global que define o impacto a ser atribuído a um
evento.
c) abalam de forma sísmica o comando mundial do Ocidente e, especialmente, dos Estados
Unidos sobre o resto do mundo.
d) são impostas pelo Ocidente sobre redes transnacionais de países periféricos destituídos
de poder militar, econômico e cultural.
e) servem de justificativa para intervenções em zonas periféricas do mundo.

- Traduza para o português, de forma correta e fluente, os trechos que seguem:

a) Despite their internal differences, however, such Western philosophical theorisations tend to
sanction totalisation, or all or nothing conceptions that accord a truly mythological status to the
event, so much so that it transfigures into a capitalised version of itself: "The Event." (linhas
38‒41)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

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b) Consequently, the date remains "an open designation". The absence of a year suffixing the date
(the abbreviation does not contain a reference to 2001) ensures that the date can extend
limitlessly through history, backwards and forwards, colouring everything. (linhas 71‒74)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

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Texto B A Sniff Test for Alzheimer’s?*

01 A poor sense of smell may be a sign of impending Alzheimer’s disease, a new study reports.
02 The findings suggest that a simple test to measure someone’s ability to detect various scents
03 could be used as a way to detect Alzheimer’s early, when treatments may be most effective.
04 Other studies have suggested that a poor sense of smell may be a harbinger of Alzheimer’s
05 disease. But this was the largest study to date, involving 1,430 men and women who were part of
06 the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Their average age was 80, and all were free of Alzheimer’s
07 disease or other serious memory problems at the start of the study.
08 Study participants were given smell tests every 15 months, over the course of about three-
09 and-a-half years, in which they were asked to detect six food and six non-food smells. The food
10 smells consisted of banana, chocolate, cinnamon, lemon, onion and pineapple. The non-food
11 smells were gasoline, paint thinner, rose, soap, smoke and turpentine. The tests were
12 inexpensive and easy to administer in a clinic setting, and did not require interpretation by trained
13 personnel.
14 At the end of the three-and-a-half-year study period, participants were assessed for signs of
15 Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment, a form of memory loss that often precedes
16 Alzheimer’s.
17 During the study period, the researchers identified 250 new cases of mild cognitive
18 impairment and 64 cases of Alzheimer’s disease or other forms of dementia. The researchers
19 found that those who scored lowest on the smell tests were significantly more likely to develop
20 the serious memory problems of mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s.
21 Those who scored the lowest on the sniff tests were also most likely to have progressed from
22 mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s disease, the researchers found.
23 “Our findings may be useful as a marker for early detection of persons at risk for mild
24 cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease,” the authors conclude. The findings appeared in
25 JAMA Neurology, a journal from the American Medical Association.
26 Researchers aren’t sure why Alzheimer’s may impair the sense of smell, but one
27 hypothesis is that the disease damages the olfactory bulb, an area of the brain responsible
28 for detecting scents. Other research suggests the offending culprit may be beta-amyloid, a toxic
29 protein that builds up in the brains of those with Alzheimer’s.
30 It’s important to note that a poor sense of smell does not mean you will get Alzheimer’s. An
31 impaired sense of smell can be caused by many conditions other than Alzheimer’s, including
32 medications, viral illnesses, head injuries or nasal conditions. In addition, many people with
33 Alzheimer’s retain their sense of smell, so a sniff test is by no means foolproof.
34 But earlier detection of Alzheimer’s may allow for treatments that may be more
35 effective in curbing the progression of the disease. An inexpensive sniff test might also prove
36 to be useful for identifying patients who might be candidates for more extensive testing with brain

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37 scans, the researchers say.

38 By ALZinfo.org, The Alzheimer’s Information Site. Reviewed by William J. Netzer, Ph.D., Fisher Center for
39 Alzheimer’s Research at The Rockefeller University.
40 Source: Rosebud O. Roberts, MD, ChB; Teresa J. H. Christianson, BS; Walter K. Kremers, PhD; et al:
41 “Association Between Olfactory Dysfunction and Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s
42 Disease Dementia.” JAMA Neurology, published online Nov 16, 2015.

* Extraído de: ALZinfo.org, The Alzheimer’s Information Site. Disponível em: <http://www.alzinfo.org/articles/
diagnosis/a-sniff-test-for-alzheimers/> Acesso em 4/5/2016

De acordo com o texto B, escolha a alternativa que contém a resposta correta nas questões
que seguem.

- O tema central do texto B gira em torno de que assunto relacionado à síndrome de

Alzheimer?

a) Causas.
b) Tratamento.
c) Diagnóstico.
d) Cuidados.
e) Cura.

- Assinale a alternativa que NÂO está de acordo com a informação apresentada entre as
linhas 1 e 3.

a) segundo um estudo recente, pessoas com pouco olfato podem ser mais propensas a
desenvolver a síndrome de Alzheimer.
b) é possível verificar até que ponto uma pessoa é capaz de distinguir diferentes cheiros
através de um teste.
c) o resultado do teste de cheiros pode ajudar a identificar casos de síndrome de Alzheimer
ainda em fase inicial.
d) a identificação da síndrome de Alzheimer em fase inicial facilita uma resposta mais eficaz
ao tratamento.
e) o percentual de cura da síndrome de Alzheimer durante a fase inicial é mais baixo.

- Assinale a alternativa INCORRETA de acordo com a informação contida no trecho entre as

linhas 4 e 16 do texto.

a) O estudo envolveu mais de 1430 sujeitos do sexo masculino e feminino, com média de
idade de 80 anos.
b) Os sujeitos estudados não apresentavam síndrome de Alzheimer ou outros problemas
sérios de memória no início do estudo.
c) O estudo envolveu o acompanhamento dos sujeitos por cerca de três anos e meio.
d) Esta é a primeira pesquisa a tratar da relação entre disfunção olfativa e o surgimento da
síndrome de Alzheimer.
e) A pesquisa envolveu testes regulares dos sujeitos ao longo do estudo.

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- Com base nos resultados da pesquisa, apresentados entre as linhas 17 e 25, assinale o
item que NÃO está de acordo com o texto.

a) Durante o estudo, não foram encontrados novos casos de disfunções cerebrais leves,
síndrome de Alzheimer ou de outras formas de demência.
b) Os sujeitos com os resultados mais baixos no teste de cheiros tiveram probabilidade maior
de desenvolver os problemas de memória decorrentes de disfunção cognitiva leve ou da
síndrome de Alzheimer.
c) Os sujeitos com os resultados mais baixos no teste de cheiros também teriam maior
probabilidade de progredir da disfunção cognitiva leve para a síndrome de Alzheimer.
d) As descobertas poderão ser úteis como indicador para detectar precocemente pessoas
com risco de disfunção cognitiva leve ou síndrome de Alzheimer.
e) Os resultados do estudo foram publicados em uma revista médica.

- De acordo com o texto (linhas 30‒33 ), as disfunções do olfato podem ser causadas por
vários motivos. Na relação abaixo, assinale o fator que NÂO é mencionado no texto.

a) Condições nasais.
b) Medicamentos.
c) Lesões na cabeça.
d) Alergias.
e) Doenças virais.

- De acordo com os dados sobre o texto publicado online “A Sniff Test for Alzheimer´s?”, a
alternativa que corretamente classifica o gênero desse texto é

a) uma crônica.
b) um capítulo de livro.
c) um relatório.
d) uma resenha.
e) um resumo.

- Traduza para o português, de forma correta e fluente, os trechos que seguem:

a) Researchers aren’t sure why Alzheimer’s may impair the sense of smell, but one hypothesis is
that the disease damages the olfactory bulb, an area of the brain responsible for detecting
scents. (linhas 26‒28)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

b) But earlier detection of Alzheimer’s may allow for treatments that may be more effective in
curbing the progression of the disease. (linhas 34‒35)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….........……….
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