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Estructura de Un Micro Satelite
Estructura de Un Micro Satelite
ESTUDO DE CONFIGURAÇÃO
DE UM MICRO-SATÉLITE
Agradecimentos
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Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Índice
Índice ................................................................................. 2
Lista de Figuras.................................................................... 5
1. Introdução ................................................................... 7
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Lista de Figuras
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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1. Introdução
Em 2000, o Office for Educational Project Outreach Activities
da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA) iniciou um novo projecto –
Student Space Exploration & Technology Initiative (SSETI). O
objectivo principal desta nova iniciativa é a criação de uma rede de
alunos, universidades e instituições às quais será incumbida a tarefa
de, em conjunto, conceberem, dimensionarem, construírem e
finalmente lançarem micro-satélites. Outros projectos mais
ambiciosos como o desenvolvimento de um moon-rover e o apoio à
construção e lançamento de cubesats estão também em preparação.
O projecto original desta iniciativa apresenta-se como o
European Student Earth Orbiter – ESEO. Trata-se de um pequeno
satélite pertencente à classe dos micro-satélites. Esta classe
identifica-se por os seus elementos possuírem uma massa não
superior a 120 kg e dimensões máximas de 600x600x800 mm.
O trabalho que irá ser aqui relatado, vem no seguimento do
que tem vindo a ser feito no Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica
(DEMEGI) desde 2001, data em que a Faculdade de Engenharia da
Universidade do Porto (FEUP) se juntou ao projecto. Cabe à FEUP o
dimensionamento, concepção e validação por via numérica da
Estrutura do satélite.
A primeira fase no desempenho desta tarefa consistiu numa
extensa pesquisa bibliográfica que permitisse aos alunos uma base
de trabalho sólida em termos de conhecimentos na área da
engenharia aeroespacial. No decurso desta fase, foi recolhida toda a
informação necessária sobre o foguetão encarregue do lançamento
do satélite – ARIANE 5 – bem como informações sobre materiais,
critérios de dimensionamento e metodologias de trabalho impostas
pelo European Cooperation for Space Standarization (ECSS).
A segunda fase do projecto consistiu na elaboração de um
documento conhecido por Phase-A Study Report. Este documento
apresenta os resultados dos estudos de exequibilidade deste
projecto, realizados pelas diferentes universidades, cada uma na
sua área de trabalho, e que, por unanimidade, concordaram que era
possível levar este projecto até ao fim com sucesso.
No final do ano lectivo de 2002/2003 foi apresentado um
relatório por dois alunos finalistas – Pedro Bandeira e Pedro Portela
– onde era apresentado e justificado o trabalho realizado até então
e que se inseria na terceira fase deste projecto. Esta fase é, sem
dúvida, a mais demorada pois é nela que deverão ser definidos com
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PARTE I – ESEO
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2. Objectivos e Requisitos
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Projecto de Fim de Curso
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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6. Resultados obtidos
O relatório com uma breve apresentação do modelo e análise
dos resultados encontra-se no anexo A. Todas as considerações
inicialmente ponderadas revelaram-se boas decisões, visto não
haver resultados que fujam ao domínio do previsível.
Durante a realização deste trabalho, várias alterações e
actualizações foram introduzidas no modelo de elementos finitos
com vista a apresentar um modelo quão próximo da realidade
quanto possível. O relatório presente no anexo A refere-se à última
iteração neste modelo.
Um dos equipamentos – OBDH_nodebox – apresentava, no
movimento harmónico de base segundo as direcções xx e yy, um
comportamento algo excêntrico. Devido à sua geometria algo fora
do comum e ao seu centro de massa não se encontrar
simetricamente colocado em relação aos pontos de fixação Figura 7,
surgia um modo de vibração local com um factor de participação
nada negligenciável. Os seus efeitos são bastante visíveis, como se
verifica por análise do relatório no anexo A.
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7. Considerações finais
Uma pequena mancha nesta fase é a falta de uma análise de
movimento aleatório de base, também ela normalmente realizada
por elementos finitos e com a mesma finalidade que o movimento
harmónico de base. Não foi possível realizar esta análise por falta
de informação por parte da entidade lançadora que ainda não
divulgou de que forma se manifestam as cargas acústicas e
térmicas quer qualitativamente quer quantitativamente.
Estas cargas costumam ser apresentadas estatisticamente sob
a forma de uma matriz de densidade espectral. Até à data os
valores desta matriz para o foguetão Ariane 5 ainda não nos foram
fornecidos pela Arianespace.
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8.1.1. Propulsão
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8.1.2. Energia
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Figura 10 – Bateria
Figura 11 - PCU
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8.1.5. Comunicações
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8.1.8. Câmara
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Figura 17 – Câmara
Figura 18 – P-POD
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Figura 19 – T-POD
8.1.10. Administração
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8.1.12. Infra-estrutura
8.1.13. Operações
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
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11.6. Insertos
Na globalidade do projecto existem 3 tipos diferentes de
insertos: aqueles que foram seleccionados a partir de uma
determinada norma regulamentadora das suas dimensões e uso,
aqueles que não têm nenhuma semelhança geométrica com os
primeiros, mas realizam basicamente a mesma função e aqueles
cuja existência se deve à necessidade de haver um equipamento
fixo a um lado de um painel de honeycomb, mas com uma ligação,
por exemplo, eléctrica, ao lado oposto do mesmo painel. Nesta
última situação encontram-se dois equipamentos: a antena UHF e o
sistema de activação eléctrica.
Para estes dois últimos equipamentos foram concebidos 2
insertos capazes de realizar a função acima descrita (Figura 35 e
Figura 36).
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15. Bibliografia
[1]. ESEO_B_CONF_031028_01_DesignJustification.doc
[2]. ESEO_B_STRU+P_020220_honeyc.doc – Numerical Simulation
of Sandwich Composite Plates
[3]. Ariane 5 Structure for Auxiliary Payload User’s Manual
[4]. www.sseti.net
[5]. FBD – Functional Block Diagram – Ex-Sys-FBD-C-Draft_9-
040818-1.pdf
[6]. MDD – Mission and Data Description – Ex-Sys-MDD-Draft_2-
040818-3.pdf
[7]. www.space.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/cubesat/index-e.html
[8]. http://128.39.102.180/index.html
[9]. http://132.187.101.163/index
[10]. PSS_03_1202, Issue1 (June_1987) – Insert Design Handbook
[11]. www.westendBV.nl
[12]. ECSS Space Standards
[13]. Hexcel Composites Product Data Sheets
[14]. ESA PSS-03-203 Issue 1 – Structural Materials Handbook
[15]. ESA PSS-03-208 – Guidelines for Threaded Fasteners
[16]. ESA PSS-03-204 – Structural Acoustics Design Manual
[17]. www.loctiteaero.com
[18]. www.sherex.com
[19]. ESA PSS-01-202 Issue 1 June 1983 – Preservation, storage,
handling and transportation of ESA spacecraft hardware
[20]. Fortescue, Peter and Stark, John – Spacecraft Systems
Engineering, Second Edition
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Ref.: ESEO_B_STRU+P_031125_2_sdmm06.doc
Issue: 2
Date: 25/11/2003
-
Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Index
Document Change Record.........................................................................................................................1
Index ............................................................................................................................................................2
2. References..........................................................................................................................................4
Applicable documents..............................................................................................................................4
Reference Documents ..............................................................................................................................4
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
The total mass of ESEO is (as of now) 85.23 kg. This is just part of the entire satellite
mass. At least one subsystem was not accounted for (solar panels), and the mass
relatively to non-structural elements like cables and other elements was also not take
into consideration.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
2. References
Applicable documents
Reference Documents
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
3. Model Overview
The FE model as described below reflects the preliminary status of the configuration
(October 2003).
Startracker
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
For the Femap/ABAQUS model a combination of bar-, shell-, rigid-, contact- and mass
elements were used to represent the various components of the structure.
The units and single masses situated on the ESEO interior panels and upper and lower
deck panels are modeled with point masses and connected to their I/F points through
rigid (Cinematic link) elements. Other components as MLI, harness, etc. were NOT
considered.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
The mass for the tanks was estimated having as basis [AD10]. There we were able to
find information not only about the tanks’ mass, but also about other devices such as
valves, that allowed us to have a better estimate on the real propulsion weight on the
satellite. The propellant’s mass was also considered.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
The analysis code calculated the following for the model’s CoG and inertia matrix
CoG: [mm]
X-axis 0.091676
Y-axis 4.145617
Z-axis 329.9224
Material Data
The material stiffness properties used for the analysis were derived from materials
database (www.matls.com). A damping factor of 2% was considered for the steady state
analysis.
Material 1 - al_skins
Type ISOTROPIC
Density = 2780. Damping = 0.02 Ref Temp 0.
STIFFNESS E= 72400000000. G= 28000000000. Nu =0.33
Material 2 - al_honeycomb
Type 2D ORTHOTROPIC
Density =37. Damping =0.02 Ref Temp 0.
STIFFNESS E1 =1000. G12 =100. Nu12= 0.3
E2= 1000. G1z =220000000.
G2z =112000000.
For all analysis, ABAQUS/ Standard Version 6.3-1 was used. Femap V8 was used for
pre-processing. Post-processing was done in ABAQUS Viewer.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
ABAQUS parameters
The mesh, once defined was exported to an ABAQUS input file. Following parameters
were then added to the bottom of the file to produce the desired results:
The first 50 eigenfrequencies
greater then 1 were extracted.
This prevents the occurrence of
any eventual rigid body modes.
(unconnected point mass)
Figure 3: ABAQUS analysis parameters for eigenmodes analysis (STEP 1) and harmonic response
(STEPs 2, 3 and 4)
Units
The analysis was prepared with a consistent set of SI units. Geometric units are in
meters, material properties are in Pascal.
Coordinate systems
The coordinate system is the one defined in the System Engineering Management Plan
document: center in the lower deck panel.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
4. Model description
The main changes included in this new model are:
• The central structure has suffered significant changes: the central shear
panels in X configuration were replaced by honeycomb panels in a #
configuration.
• Only the solar panels were not simulated on this new model since on the
CATIA file previously mentioned they were not included.
• The tanks were modelled with beam type elements due to their
interaction with the central and side panels. It was considered that this
interaction only occurred on the top and base of each tank.
• The connection between the different structure elements was changed
from ‘shared nodes’ to a combination of rigid and contact elements. The
first were used to simulate the ‘L’ shape joints between structural
elements and the last to prevent penetration between those same panels.
• The Inertia matrix of the subsystems was considered while defining the
properties to be used on the mass elements.
• The different thicknesses of the side panels were also taken into
consideration.
• Since at this time there isn’t a complete agreement on the size of the
holes for the subsystems I/F’s, we decided not to include them.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
S/C interface
The interface with the launcher was simulated by attaching the interface nodes on the
base to a fixed point. This was done through rigid elements.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
The following tables define the property values for the main structural elements like the
lower and upper deck panels, the lateral panels and the central panels.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Because of the mechanical interface between the panels, both lateral and central, and the
five tanks, the last were modelled using beam elements. The inside tank was also
modelled with a beam element.
The properties used for the beam elements were adjusted so that their mass and stiffness
were representative of those of the propulsion sub-system. Data for the geometry was
gathered from documentation provided by the propulsion team [AD10].
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Figure 5: Tanks modelled with beam elements (in yellow) and connected with rigid elements (in
blue) to the central and lateral panels
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Pre-run checks
From the pre-run check, it was concluded that the solar panels were not pictured on this
last configuration file. Hence, they were NOT represented on this analysis.
The eigenmodes analysis resulted in the natural frequencies and mode shapes shown in
Figure 6 to Figure 11.
flatmin = 45Hz
min
flong = 90 Hz
flat = 52.4 Hz
flong = 196.3Hz
flatmin
MoSlat = 1 − = 1 − 0.859 = 0.141(14.1%)
flat
min
flong
MoSlong = 1 − = 1 − 0.458 = 0.542(54.2%)
flong
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Figure 10: 264.9 Hz (local PC-box) Figure 11: 291.3 Hz (local OBDH-nodebox mode)
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
A plot of the frequency response is presented next. On this graph, is visible that the
response, as expected, peaks at the eigenfrequencies. Appendix 2 presents other graphs.
This graph shows the acceleration along the x-axis when a base motion with an
amplitude equal to 1 is applied also on the x-axis. The peak in the centre occurs for
291.3 Hz and corresponds to the 6th mode of vibration shown above (local OBDH-
nodebox mode).
The output database file created by ABAQUS can provide the acceleration on any
direction for any given base motion. Appendix 2 provides some more graphs.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Although both lateral and longitudinal frequencies comply with the requirements
specified on [AD1], it should be noted that the total mass of the satellite is still far from
its real value, which means that those frequency values will drop when we add the solar
panels and the non-structural mass. This should be taken into consideration for the next
configuration model.
Next we present the participation factors and the effective mass for each mode of
vibration.
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
PARTICIPATION FACTORS
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Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
EFFECTIVE MASS
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Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
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Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
X-axis acceleration
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Y-axis acceleration
Z-axis acceleration
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Y-axis acceleration
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Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Z-axis acceleration
- 25 -
Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Y-axis acceleration
- 26 -
Project: European Student Earth Orbiter (ESEO)
Doc: ESEO-B-Stru+P_Sdmm06-FEModel
description
Phase : B
Date : 25/11/2003
Z-axis acceleration
- 27 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 82 -
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
SSETI Express
2 TABLE OF CONTENT
4 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................4
8 TIMELINE .........................................................................................15
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
[RD1] EXPRESS_A_ESA_081203_01_Design_Solutions
[RD2] EXPRESS_C_PROPPAYLOAD_120104_01_SSETI_Express_KickOff
[RD3] 040119 PROPPAYLOAD System Overview
[RD4] P-Pod Deployer Requirements
[RD5] P-Pod Mechanical Assembly Procedures
[RD6] P-Pod research
[RD7] P-Pod Vibration Qualification Test (PVQ)
[RD8] ASAP5 User’s Manual
3
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
4 INTRODUCTION
This document describes the design solutions for Structure/Configuration team for the SSETI
Express satellite.
For starting point, it was decided that the ESEO satellite structure should be used. The fact
that its study is considerably advanced (near PDR) and that all the Finite Element Analysis
have been performed for it, makes it a good basis for a fast work.
The Configuration for SSETI Express will be under ESEO-STRU team responsibility. It shall
be worked out in close contact with System Engineering team. Configuration work for the
SSETI Express orbiter shall also be done by members of the structures team in Porto. It is
believed that this should also help speed up the design process.
4
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
From the Design Solutions document developed during last workshop on ESTEC (December
2003) [RD1], it is easily recognized that the Propulsion sub-system and the deployment
system for the Cubesats (dubbed P-POD) are the main design drivers for the final
configuration. As such, and for an initial iteration, the propulsion system will consist of 2
propellant storage tanks placed in the same configuration as the ones of ESEO. The central
tank, number 5, will be replaced by the P-POD box. A quick fit-check was performed and this
solution appears to be valid. The questions of the opening P-POD door and the deployment of
the Cubesats need to be better studied. However, it is foreseen that the P-POD door will open
to an angle of less than 180º and the Cubesats will be deployed in the +Z direction.
Transceiver
Magnetometer
P-POD
LGA CAM
Passive Magnet
Tank
PMS
OBC
Batteries
Sensor Array
Passive Magnet
5
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
Figure 1
CATIA V5R11 has been used to produce the configuration work. The model uses, inasmuch
as it is possible, a coherent naming convention and harmonized with the one used for ESEO
models. CATIA will be used to produce outputs for the mass budget and the bill of materials
and to check the satellite’s total mass and CoG. The axis system used will be the one used in
ESEO models – origin at bottom center plate and the axis oriented as shown in Figure 1.
Table 1exhibits the masses currently available as well the position of the center of gravity of
each subsystem.
6
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
Table 1
7
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
The distance of the satellite’s center of gravity to the z-Axis is 3.31 mm, well inside the 5 mm
radius imposed by Arianespace in [RD8]. The z-coordinate also complies with the limit
established in [RD8].
It should be noted that the total mass indicated in Table 1 is not the final value. More accurate
values are needed from each team regarding this parameter, as well about the placement of
each box. Nevertheless, being considered the most important mass items in the satellite, we
can conclude that the final value of the total mass will be well under the 120 kg limit for this
class of satellites.
From Figure 1, it can also be noticed that there is too much space available. For example, the
–x/-y corner is completely empty. It should be considered the possibility of reducing the
height of the tanks, in order to have a more compact satellite.
ADCS
• Are there any restrains about the position of the sensor arrays relatively to each other
and to the satellite?
• Is the position of the magnetometer box decided? The same question for the
magnetometer coil.
• Do the two passive magnets units have to be along the z-Axis (not possible because of
the P-POD position) or in any place as long they are parallel to the z-Axis?
• What are the influences of all this elements on the electronic devices? How close can
they be to them?
8
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
OBC
• Do you have any idea of what will be the final weight of your subsystem?
• Could it be possible to join your computer with Power computer in the same box
(hence reducing in one the number of housings needed)?
9
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
The primary structure consists of two vertical panels made of aluminium honeycomb with a
10mm thickness core and 0.3mm for the face sheets. From ESEO, it is noted a cutback in two
honeycomb panels. The reason why it can be done is the fact that for SSETI-Express the total
mass on equipment will be much lower than for ESEO. This way, we simply don’t need four
honeycomb panels, and can use only two, reducing the price for the entire structure and
making it much simpler to produce.
However, it is expected that the thin lateral panels, without the support of this two honeycomb
panels, will decrease the rigidity of the entire structure and lower its fundamental frequency.
To fight this problem, 6 U-shaped support brackets were added. The next set of pictures show
this in detail.
Figure 2
10
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
Figure 3
Since these U-shaped brackets don’t go all the way down to the base, they add to the structure
the interesting capability of not interfering with most of the piping needed by propulsion
team. This way we were able to reduce significantly the complexity necessary for it in terms
of interfaces and structural cuttings needed.
The base plate will also be made of honeycomb, but its thickness shall be higher due to
rigidity reasons. The final value is still to be defined.
The top plate is also made of aluminium honeycomb. Its thickness in ESEO structure is the
same as the primary structure, but for SSETI Express, and since the amount of equipment
placed on the top side of the satellite is lower, it shall not require the same thickness. Its value
is still to be defined but it should be less than 10 mm.
The lateral panels are solid aluminium. Their thickness for ESEO is now 2mm, but since we
are planning on using body mounted solar panels, this value will surely be reviewed.
11
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
From the last workshop, one small problem came up with this structure and its interface with
the separation ring. It was found that 4 of the 12 bolts used for this interface were non load
bearing bolts. Currently, and after restudying the structural joints, the number of ‘not-load
bearing’ bolts is two (the two bolts immediately positioned under the tanks). The next pictures
show the structural joints in more detail.
12
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
Still, this could go against Arianespace requirements for launch on Ariane 5, and by the time
this document was produced, there wasn’t a clear definition on the implications from this
problem. If we plan to launch with the same rocket (and separation ring), it could turn out to
be necessary to do some changes on this interface. Studies are being developed to solve this
problem and contacts with Arianespace were already established to assess the possibility of
launching with the current configuration/structure (common to ESEO and SSETI-Express).
The launcher versatility requirement, which states that the satellite should be designed to be
launched on an A5-ASAP platform and on the Eurockot rocket, forces the need for two I/F
solutions. Main focus will be on the A5-ASAP platform, however. Internal interface with the
P-POD sub-system will be carefully analysed.
13
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
7 PERSONNEL INVOLVED
This is a list of the students involved in SSETI-Express Configuration and Structures teams
and their responsibilities inside the team.
14
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
8 TIMELINE
JANUARY
• Gathering information from the different subsystems about mass and dimensions first
estimates.
• Study of the new structural joints.
• Elaboration of the new CATIA configuration file.
• Establishing first contacts with ISF for possible cooperation in building the satellite’s
structure.
• Preparation of Design Solutions document for ‘go/no go’ decision on 26th January
meeting in ESTEC.
FEBRUARY
• Preparing data about structural parts in order to establish close relations with ISF in
the 23rd February meeting.
• Preparing possible solutions for ASAP5 separation ring problem and discussion with
experts in ESTEC (date to be determined).
• Final definition of satellite’s Configuration.
• Finite Element Analysis on the all structure and definition of main parameters for
sine-vibration tests.
MAY
JUNE
• Vibration tests: this is also a point that has to be determined on the 23rd February
meeting with ISF.
• If the ISF can’t perform the vibration tests on the satellite, they can be performed at
the University of Porto’s laboratories, free of charge.
JULY
15
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
9 COSTS
This point is dependent on the results from the 23rd February meeting with ISF.
16
Project: SSETI Express
Doc : SSETI Express Structures/Configuration – Design
Solutions
Phase : Phase B
Date: 24.01.2004
Ref :
EXPRESS_B_STRU+CONF_240104_02_Design_Solutions.doc
10 TESTING
This point is dependent on the results from the 23rd February meeting with ISF.
However, if an agreement is not possible on this point, the final sine-vibration and random
tests can be performed here at University of Porto’s laboratories, free of any cost.
17
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 101 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 102 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 103 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 104 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 105 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 106 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 107 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 108 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 109 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 110 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 111 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 112 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 113 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 114 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 115 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 116 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
SUM 50,977
- 117 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Propriedades de Inércia
• Configuração de lançamento
Mass [kg] 50,977
CoG [mm]
x -5,89556
y 4,96653
z 310,124
MoI [kgm2]
2,92908 -0,078466 -0,020934
3,03742 -0,108888
Sym. 1,99622
CoG [mm]
x -7,25067
y 2,48519
z 322,787
MoI [kgm2]
2,53773 -0,083448 -0,025125
2,61937 -0,035253
Sym. 1,84865
CoG [mm]
x -7,62187
y 2,56122
z 319,568
MoI [kgm2]
2,4948 -0,083474 -0,024044
2,57632 -0,035474
Sym. 1,84373
- 118 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 119 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 130 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Base Bracket
- 131 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Top Bracket
- 132 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 133 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Mid-height Bracket 01
- 134 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Mid-Height Bracket 02
- 135 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Mid-Height Bracket 03
- 136 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Mid-Height Bracket 04
- 137 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
Mid-Height Bracket 05
- 138 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 139 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 149 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 151 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 152 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 161 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 166 -
Projecto de Fim de Curso
Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial
Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto
- 178 -
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
SSETI Express
Integration Manual
Ref.:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration_Manual.doc
Issue: Draft02
Date: 27/09/2004
1
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................4
2 Related Documents.............................................................................................................5
2.1 Applicable Documents ...............................................................................................5
2.2 Reference Documents.................................................................................................5
2
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Doc:
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_Manual.doc
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Date : 27/09/2004
6 Secondary Structure..........................................................................................................45
6.1 Corner Profiles..........................................................................................................45
6.2 Lateral Panels ...........................................................................................................46
6.2.1 Lateral Panel +x................................................................................................46
6.2.2 Lateral Panel –y ................................................................................................47
6.2.3 Lateral Panel -x.................................................................................................48
6.2.4 Lateral Panel +y................................................................................................49
6.3 Integration of Secondary Structure...........................................................................50
3
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
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_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
1 Introduction
This Integration Manual pretends to establish the integration steps to be followed during the
assembly of the SSETI Express satellite.
The document contains information regarding needed materials and tools for the integration
effort, guidelines on how to use them based on distributor’s data sheets and consecutive steps
to be followed during integration.
The information presented on this document should be regarded has complementary data to
the 3D model of SSETI Express. This model can be found on the ftp file server with the name
Express_3D_model_3.2.2. All the pictures presented on this report were collected from that
same model.
4
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
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_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
2 Related Documents
[RD1] – Express_C_Proppayload_040605_02_IntegrationPlan.pdf
[RD2] – Integration_Tracking_18092004.xls
5
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
3 Insert Potting
However, the potting compound hasn’t been selected yet. The standard potting material is a
liquid two-component epoxy resin of reduced weight and simultaneously improved viscosity.
Characteristic properties of this resin are that it can only be applied by injection with an air-
pressurised gun and that it will not flow after injection, provided the correct viscosity is
maintained.
There are four adhesives which can be used for this operation:
• Shur-Lok Resin System SLE 3010 – This is especially suitable for inserts. The resin
and hardener components which are separately contained in the cartridge cases are
mixed according to the attached preparation instructions and can then be processed in
the original cartridge. For more details refer to product data SLE 3010 7-29-70.
• Lekutherm X227 + T3 hardener – This adhesive requires, after mixing these two
components, the addition of microballoons B23-500 in order to increase viscosity. It
also requires a Senco cartridge without cavities with a orifice nozzle of about 2 mm
diameter.
• HYSOL® – There are a number of Epoxy Paste Adhesives that could be used on this
task. Good gap filler capability, low density and moderate viscosity are some of their
qualities. HYSOL® belongs now to LOCTITE ® Company. It is possible to see on
their website not only the product data sheets but also information on custom
6
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
The components can be acquired in a cartridge or tin. This choice should depend on how
much manpower it is available during integration has a tin shouldn’t be open and remain in
that condition for a long period of time or deterioration of the components will occur.
WARNING: One of the main components of these adhesives is epoxy. Adequate ventilation
is required. Precaution is advised on its handling. In case of contact with skin, it should be
washed thoroughly with soap and water.
1 Insert-4.5-10.6
2 Insert-5.5-10.6
3 Insert-6.5-10.6
4 Insert-6.5-30.6
5 Insert-M4-10.6
6 Insert-M5-10.6
7 Insert-Base-Lateral
8 Insert-Top-Lateral
9 Insert-Thruster
Be advised that it is extremely important the correct positioning of all these inserts. In some
cases, their placement is critical. In case of doubt, please contact the author of this document
for further clarification.
7
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
8
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
9
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
For reasons of space on this page, these two pictures do not represent the entirety of the panel.
However, all inserts along the edges shown are to be considered with the same orientation.
Each picture contains a reference system which corresponds to the actual orientation of the
sandwich panel according to the satellite’s general reference axis. Looking at the two pictures
on this page, it is visible that the insert signaled with (8) is not symmetrical. Therefore, its
orientation is very important when potting this kind of insert.
This warning is to be considered for all panels that require inserts (8).
10
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
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_Manual.doc
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Date : 27/09/2004
11
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Doc:
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Date : 27/09/2004
12
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Doc:
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Date : 27/09/2004
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Date : 27/09/2004
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_Manual.doc
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Besides these inserts, there are two others that must also be placed during this phase. The
insert for the UHF antenna on the top plate and the insert for the activation switch on the base
plate.
20
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
Express_D_STRU+CONF_040926_02_Integration
_Manual.doc
Phase : D
Date : 27/09/2004
Because of this, the tank and its associated tubing, as well as the rest of the Propulsion system
– Propellant Management System (PMS) and ACS Thrusters - must be integrated altogether
with the Primary Structure. This is the reason why the structure for the flight model should
not be assembled at ESTEC, but in Stuttgart, where the Propulsion subsystem is being
developed.
This chapter is intended to be followed when assembling the primary structure of the satellite
and integrating the Propulsion system to it. There is little room for mistakes as it could force
one to disassemble everything and going back to square one.
Figure 3 represents the separation ring, the base plate, the titanium ring and the 4 base
brackets. This is the starting point of the integration. A set of 12 M6x55 screws is to be placed
from bottom to up passing by separation ring, base plate and titanium ring.
Another set of 8 M4x16 screws is to be placed on the bottom brackets, 2 screws per bracket.
These will hold the brackets to the titanium ring during changing of the separation ring at
launch site and provide better stability on the brackets mechanical behaviour.
21
Project: SSETI Express
Doc:
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Figure 3
Next step is to place three sandwich panels. The panels are: Shear Panel +y, Shear Panel +x+y
and Shear Panel –x+y. Please notice that Shear Panel +y is exactly the one where the tank is
mounted.
With these three panels, two middle-height brackets and two top brackets are to be used,
along with the base brackets already installed - Figure 4.
The connection base brackets <–> shear panels requires M6x30 screws and nuts, one pair for
each shear panel. For middle brackets, there are to be used M5x16 screws alone. As for the
top brackets the integration process turns out to be a bit trickier.
On the +x+y corner of the structure, the special top bracket for the TPOD, designated on the
3D model as Top_bracket_TPOD_v2.0, is to be used. As for the –x+y corner, a normal top
bracket applies.
It is probably easier if these three shear panels are pre-integrated and then integrated into the
already assembled components.
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Figure 4
For the special top bracket represented on Figure 5, there is the need to use three screws: two
M5x25 and one M5x16. The need to use screws with different lengths is justified by the
presence of one of the TPODs on the other side of the Shear Panel +x+y, and the impossibility
of using a nut here. This is why the M5x16 screws directly on the insert.
The other two M5x25 screws require a washer and a nut each. The washers to be used on the
satellite should all belong to the Large category. This occurs because there is the need to have
a washer with a diameter bigger than the diameter of the potting system, thus providing a
correct transmission of loads from the screw/nut to the skin of the sandwich panel.
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Figure 5
Figure 6
On the normal top bracket (Figure 6), there is also something abnormal: there are to be used
three M5x25 screws and one M5x30 screw. The picture shows the position of this screw.
There is the need to use one different screw since in that position, but on the other side of the
panel, there is another bracket to be used with Shear Panel –x0y.
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The ACS clusters are to be integrated using each four M4x10 screws and one M4x35 onto the
base plate. This last one is bigger and is the one closer to the edge of the base plate. It is
supposed to pass through all the ACS cluster height.
Figure 7
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Next step to be taken is the integration of the tank using two tank mountings. These
mountings are to be screwed onto the Shear Panel +y as depictured in Figure 8.
Four M5 screws are to be used in the tank integration along with their respective washers and
nuts. The maximum length of these screws on the other side of the panel is 13.4 mm since on
the other side there is one of the T-PODs. The distance mentioned is exactly the distance
between the Shear Panel +y and the wall of the T-POD.
Figure 8
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Now, the High Pressure Tubing can be integrated both on the tank and be hard mounted on
the base plate using the correct pipe mountings (Figure 9).
Figure 9
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We shall now use an ‘anticlockwise integration’ of the remaining primary structure, starting
with the Shear Panel +x0y. As depicted in Figure 10, this shear panel requires three brackets
to be mounted. The two brackets that connect the panel to Shear Panel +y are two #10
brackets using M5 screws. The two screws on the Shear Panel +y are M5x25 and require a
washer and a nut on each. There are four screws on the Shear Panel +x0y and they are all
M5x16. In relation to the bracket connecting Shear Panels –y and +x0y, it requires three
M5x16 and its reference is #11.
Figure 10
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Next, we deal with Shear Panels –y, -x-y and +x-y. These are to be mounted according with
Figure 11. These three panels require: four M6x30 screws (in total) for the base brackets,
along with four washers and nuts; eight M5x25 screws and corresponding washers and nuts
on the top brackets; six M5x16 on the middle brackets.
Like when it happened with Shear Panels +y, +x+y and -x+y, it should probably be easier to
pre-integrate these three other elements in separate and then perform the integration to the
already assembled parts.
Figure 11
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The last integration move on this step is to place the Shear Panel -x0y (Figure 12). This panel
is placed using the two remaining mid-height brackets. Bracket #13 is the one that shares one
mounting point with the Top-bracket -x+y. It also requires one M5x16 and one M5x25. This
last one also uses one M5 washer and nut.
Figure 12
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To finalize the integration of the Primary structure, there are four aluminium brackets to be
placed in four specific places, connecting two different shear panels. These brackets are not to
be screwed but glued on the panels.
WARNING: Since these brackets are to be glued, once they are integrated, there is no turning
back. Caution is advised when performing this operation since it will be impossible to remove
these brackets after the glue is dry.
Figure 13
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Figure 14
Figure 15
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Figure 16
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Figure 17
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The integration order used on this chapter is not rigid. If, for some reason, one certain
equipment is not ready to be integrated, it is possible to move forward with the integration
effort. Whenever it is absolutely necessary to respect the integration order here presented, so
will be told and the reason for such explained.
It is advised to perform first all the mechanical mounting of the subsystems, and only after to
set up the electrical wiring between them.
Figure 18 - Magnetometer
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Figure 19 - Camera
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Figure 21 – PCU
Figure 22 – Battery
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Figure 29 – PIN
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6 Secondary Structure
Since there are several items attached on each of the four lateral panels, and it is also
necessary to mount the corner profiles, this step of the integration effort has to be performed
with some caution.
First, the panels should be laid out next to the structure in order to be easy to perform all
electrical wiring. It must be in this position that all equipment will be mounted on the laterals.
After this, the panels shall be lifted and screwed on the primary structure. When this is done,
there will be no more possibility to access the interior of the satellite, except on those areas
covered by the cuts on the lateral panels – PMS and T-PODs.
Before closing the satellite, it is advised to perform a thorough inspection on both mechanical
and electrical connections.
These rivet nuts are to be applied along all of the four profiles in all the Ø6 mm holes. A
video of the installation process is available on the ftp.
Be advised that some holes on these profiles are NOT to have this kind of rivet nuts. These
are easily distinguishable as they present a smaller diameter (Figure 32).
Due to the length of these structural elements, it is also required to clamp the profiles on at
least two clamps before installing the rivet nuts.
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Figure 33 - Lateral Panel +x. Left: outside view; Right: inside view
The two associated corner profiles should be mounted on this panel in first place.
The solar cells are to be glued onto the panel. The S-band antenna is mounted using four
special M4 screws. These screws must allow for the mounting and un-mounting of the
protective caps. The magnetotorquer coil is to be placed using four coil clamps with M4x8
screws and nuts.
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On it, there are several items mounted, both on the inside as in the outside. On the inside, we
have one magnetotorquer coil and its driver. On the outside there are the solar cells and one
sun sensor.
Figure 34 - Lateral Panel -y. Left: outside view; Right: inside view
The magnetotorquer coil is to be mounted the same way as the previous. The driver uses two
mounting brackets attached to the panel with four M4x8 screws and nuts and the driver is
mounted using six M4 screws. The sun sensor is to be mounted with only two M2x12 screws
and respective nuts.
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A special care is required on the S-band antenna orientation since if it isn’t placed as
depictured it will not be possible to attach its cable due to OBC’s housing.
Figure 35 - Lateral Panel -x. Left: outside view; Right: inside view
The mounting of the solar cells and S-band antenna has already been presented, and it repeats
itself on this panel.
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Mounted on this panel it is possible to find one suns sensor, solar cells and one shunt.
Figure 36 - Lateral Panel +y. Left: outside view; Right: inside view
The shunt requires six M4x10 screws and respective nuts. The sun sensor is mounted making
use of two M2x12 screws and respective nuts.
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The following pictures represent the four steps to assemble the secondary structure.
Figure 37 – Step 1
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Figure 38 - Step 2
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Figure 39 - Step 3
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Figure 40 - Step 4
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