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Lista de Problemas 3 11q Wesley Oliveira Morais
Lista de Problemas 3 11q Wesley Oliveira Morais
Lista de Problemas 3 11q Wesley Oliveira Morais
Solução de (a):
Sz 0 = S · n (1)
}
Sz0 = σ·n (2)
2
Autovetores de Sz0 :
1 1 1
| + i0 = a| + i + b| − i (6)
2 2 2
1 } 1
Sz0 | + i0 = + | + i0 (7)
2 2 2
Como também:
1 1 1
| − i0 = c| + i + d| − i (8)
2 2 2
1 } 1
Sz0 | − i0 = − | − i0 (9)
2 2 2
1 1
(Sx sin θ cos φ + Sy sin θ sin φ + Sz cos θ) a| + i + b| − i =
2 2
(10)
1 1
}
= a| + i + b| − i
2 2 2
1 1 1
a sin θ cos φSx | + i + a sin θ sin φSy | + i + a cos θSz | + i+
2 2 2
1 1 1
+b sin θ cos φSx | − i + b sin θ sin φSy | − i + b cos θSz | − i = (11)
2 2 2
1 1
}
= a| + i + b i
2 2 2
Temos:
1 } 1 1 } 1
Sx | + i = | − i e Sx | − i = | + i (12)
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 i} 1 1 i} 1
Sy | + i = | − i e Sy | − i = − | − i (13)
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 } 1 1 } 1
Sz | + i = | + i e Sz | − i = − | − i (14)
2 2 2 2 2 2
2
Substituindo essas expressões na eq.(11):
1 1 1
}a
sin θ cos φ| − i + i sin θ sin φ| − i + cos θ| + i +
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
}b
+ sin θ cos φ| + i − i sin θ sin φ| − i − cos θ| − i = (15)
2 2 2 2
1 1
}
= a| + i + b| − i
2 2 2
Da eq.(16):
a(sin θ cos φ + i sin θ sin φ) = b(1 + cos θ) (18)
(1 + cos θ)b
a= (19)
sin θ(cos φ + i sin φ)
como:
|a|2 + |b|2 = 1 (20)
!
2 (1 + cos θ)2
|b| 1+ =1 (21)
sin2 θ
sin2 θ
|b|2 = (22)
2 + 2 cos θ
sin2 θ
|b|2 = (23)
4 cos2 ( 2θ )
θ
|b|2 = sin2 (24)
2
3
Substituindo a eq.(25) na eq.(19):
(1 + cos θ) iφ
a= e sin(θ/2) (26)
sin θeiφ
Como: s
1 + cos θ
cos(θ/2) = (27)
2
s s
2 cos(θ/2) 1 + cos θ 1 − cos θ
a= (29)
sin θ 2 2
q
2 cos(θ/2) (1 + cos θ)(1 − cos θ)
a= (30)
sin θ 2
a = cos(θ/2) (31)
1 1 1
| + i0 = cos(θ/2)| + i + sin(θ/2)eiφ | − i (32)
2 2 2
Dessa forma:
1 1
h+ | − i = c cos(θ/2) + d sin(θ/2)e−iφ (33)
2 2
d sin(θ/2)e−iφ
c=− (35)
cos(θ/2)
c = − tan(θ/2)e−iφ d (36)
4
Como:
|c|2 + |d|2 = 1 (37)
d = cos(θ/2) (41)
c = − sin(θ/2)e−iφ (42)
1 1 1
| − i0 = − sin(θ/2)e−iφ | + i + cos(θ/2)| − i (43)
2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
| + i = 0 h+ | + i| + i0 + 0 h+ | − i| − i0 (44)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
| + i = cos(θ/2)| + i0 + sin(θ/2)e−iφ | − i0 (45)
2 2 2
1 2
!
1
}
= 0 h+ | + i
P + (46)
2 2 2
5
! !
} 2 θ
P + = cos (47)
2 2
! !
} θ
P − = sin2 (49)
2 2
Solução de (b):
1 1
hSz0 i = h+ |Sz0 | + i (50)
2 2
Sendo:
1 1 1
Sz0 | + i = Sz0 [cos(θ/2)| + i0 + sin(θ/2)e−iφ | − i0 ] (51)
2 2 2
1 } 1 1
Sz0 | + i = [cos(θ/2)| + i0 − sin(θ/2)e−iφ | − i0 ] (52)
2 2 2 2
1 } 1 1
hSz0 i = h+ | [cos(θ/2)| + i0 − sin(θ/2)e−iφ | − i0 ] (53)
2 2 2 2
} 1 1 1 1
hSz0 i = [cos(θ/2)h+ | + i0 − sin(θ/2)e−iφ h+ | − i0 ] (54)
2 2 2 2 2
}
hSz0 i = [cos2 (θ/2) − sin2 (θ/2)] (55)
2
} 1 + cos θ 1 + cos θ
hSz0 i = − (56)
2 2 2
} cos θ
hSz0 i = (57)
2